Strategy

Strategy
Global MBA Strategic Management
Formative Assignment – Dec 2011
Z0928183
INTRODUCTION
Ryanair was founded in 1985 with only two aircrafts and a single Dublin–London route . By 2010
Ryanair had transformed itself into Europe 's leading low cost airlines with 232 aircrafts flying to
153 destination. Ryan Air 's strategic objective has been to offer the lowest possible air fare to its
passengers and strive towards becoming europe No.1 Low Cost airlines. In this paper we will
explore and analyze Ryanair 's competitive position, strategic capabilities and sustainability of its
strategies.
COMPETETIVE POSITIONPORTER 'S FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK;
Threat of New Entrants: LOW
High entry barrier due to large capital requirement, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the SWOT analysis, Ryanair strength is being the leader in low cost airline industry. However
this cost leadership has come at the expense of customer service. Ryanair should improve its
customer service to build customer loyalty. Ryanair faces threats from competitors and substitutes
mode of transportation, but should seize opportunities in the eastern European expansion.
STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES
Strategic Capabilities and Competitive Analysis;
| Resources | Competencies | Threshold Capabilities | Aircrafts Employees Financial resources |
Point–to–point short haul flights Flying to secondary airports Online booking system with
www.ryanair.com | Competitive Advantage | Unique Resources Management and leadership of
Micheal O 'Leary. "Ryanair" Brand name | Unique(Core) competencies Innovative cost cutting
Alternative revenue generation |
Ryanair's Strategic Capabilities and Competitive advantage can be attributed to its Unique
Resources and its Unique(Core) Competencies;
Management and Leadership: Michael O 'Leary, the CEO of Ryanair is instrumental in the Low
Cost Strategy of Ryanair. Some of the most creative cost cutting methods implemented in Ryanair

came directly from him. He has been effective in exploiting and managing the core competencies of
Ryanair. By developing the human and Social capital overtime, the cost cutting culture is embedded
throughout the
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The National Plan Of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS)
With the rapid growth of commercial air travel in the 1970s, the FAA recognized that the nation's
airports contributed significantly to the national economy and international commerce, as well as
being a critical mode of transport for the public. Airports needed funding to improve safety and
maintain airport infrastructure such as runways, taxiways, NAVAIDS, and land acquisition. The
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) formed the National Airport System Plan (NASP) to ensure
these significant airports received Federal grants to make these improvements. The FAA revised the
NASP with the Airport and Airway Improvement Act of 1982 and called the National Plan of
Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) to reflect the further expansion.
The current ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The US Navy operated the airfield as Naval Air Station Millington until 1993 when the Base
Realignment and Closure (BRAC) commission closed it and transferred the airport and 2,000 acres
of adjacent land to the City of Millington. That same BRAC decision also moved the Navy's
aviation technical schools ("A" and "C" schools) from Millington to Pensacola, FL. The airport
currently has 54 aircraft based on the field and averages 76 aircraft operations a day. It serves as
FedEx's emergency alternate due to its close proximity to their super–hub at the Memphis
International Airport (Millington Regional Airport, 2015).
To avoid congestion and operating conflicts between large commercial aircraft and small GA
aircraft, the FAA has designated some airports near major airports as reliever airports. Several of
these high–capacity GA airports may serve a major metropolitan area providing access to the
surrounding areas without experiencing delays at busier commercial airports. The NPIAS defines
Reliever Airports as having at least 100 aircraft based at the airport or have 25,000 annual itinerant
operations (Young,

A Critical Analysis of Ground Handling Service...
A Critical Analysis of Ground Handling Service Benchmarking at European Hub Airports
Jez G
University of the Fraser Valley
Bus 430
AB2
Prof. Joe Ilsever
This paper will critically analyze a paper published in the International Journal of Production
Economics in January 2009 (Volume 117, Issue 1) (Schmidberger, Bals, Hartmann, & Jahns,
2009) concerning the development and application of a Performance Management System (PMS)
for air–side crews in some of the major European hub airports. This study is valuable in that the
benchmarking principles established here are relevant to other industries since the same process for
developing this holistic benchmarking process can be adapted and applied to generic business
processes. This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Still others may simply allow for airlines to establish their own corporate ground service bases to
work independently of other generic airport services (Fuhr & Beckers, 2006). Applying any
standardized measurement system to something so non–standardized presents quite a challenge, if
the PMS is too flexible or broad it will not be able to adequately express enough detail to be useful,
if it is too rigid it simply won't apply to all of the airports and doesn't allow for change in an
inherently volatile industry. Schmidberger's critique of the PMS established throughout European
airports is very positive, though it does not place a very high emphasis on establishing this need for
balance between detail and flexibility. Schmidberger's report contrasts his proposed PMS with the
usual methods of evaluation currently in use at several airports. Most of these measurement systems
define airside ground services as subsets of other larger firms (such as airport authorities or airlines)
(Chow, Heaver, & Henriksson, 1994), this is not necessarily an accurate representation of these
ground service entities seeing as in many cases they are quite separate from associated parent
companies or completely separate entities wherein logistics are a primary function. While the
establishment of this contrast in Schmidberger's report certainly has value, it fails to note that in

Logan International Airport Case Study Essay
Logan International Airport Case Study
MGCR 472: Operation Management
Executive Summary
This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective delay problems of
Logan International Airport at Boston, Massachusetts. Method of analysis includes waiting line
simulation and historical data tracking as well as response from both local community and
Massport. Results of the data show that the major causes to delay are broken down in the following:
1. Increasing demand for annual operations
2. Adverse weather conditions, especially the northwest wind which Logan airport is not designed to
accommodate at normal capacity.
3. Continuous heavy air traffic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If Turboprops and regional airplanes were to be diverted then their delay time would only be 10
minutes in adverse weather conditions. As the delay time would be significantly reduced for
regional and turboprops in this scenario, we believe that the small planes would be willing to make
the switch. This would also free up capacity by 56% at Logan airport so that the conventional planes
would also have a decreased delay time of 22 minutes as compared to an infinite wait time (Figure
2).
However, while this alternative might be favorable in the short term, it is rather unfeasible over the
long term as there would be a significant passenger cost in terms of loss of goodwill. We assume
that the loss of goodwill would be similar to the passenger cost of $30.9/passenger/hour and we
include a car rental cost of $9/passenger/hour for a total passenger switching cost of
$40/passenger/hour. Passengers would likely be upset at arriving at a different location resulting in
many inconveniences and additional costs incurred. If this happens on a regular basis, Logan
airport's reputation will be hurt and this may adversely affect its revenue as well.
Building a new runway
Building a new runway 14/32 (one end at 320 degrees facing the NW and the other at 140 degree
facing the SE) which will situate at the southwestern edge of the airport is a favorable solution
toward the

Essay on Manchester Airport and Mcdonald's
This report will cover a comparison between two organizations – Manchester Airport and
McDonald's– main business functions; structure and contribution to the operation of these
organizations. Furthermore, I shall critically evaluate the benefits, and any disadvantages of the
organizational arrangements for managing these business functions in each case.
Manchester Airport
One of Britain's and the world's principal airports, handling millions of passengers each year,
connecting the North of England with global destinations. Still growing, have an exciting and
promising future, but an equally illustrious past which began in 1928. Manchester airport is
managed independently by Manchester Airport PLC and owned by all 10 Metropolitan ... Show
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Furthermore, Manchester is aiming to expand its business; while providing sustainable transport
network with high standards of services for all its passengers – recent airport capability is to handle
around 20 million passengers among the largest regional airports in Britain "Best UK Airport." The
vision is to double passengers number to approximately 42 million passengers per annum by 2015
reflects its mission "Best Airport in the World" and consequently increase destinations (currently
hosts 91 airlines such as JMC and flights are chartered to 175 destinations).
In addition, buying shares in other major UK and Australian airports and the development of ground
transport interchange to help public arrive using public transports and check more efficiently and
quickly.
Manchester has undertaken several projects such as: Terminal 1, 2 and 3, to maintain short to
medium term.
Besides increasing profits, Manchester attract people attention while minimizing their products
environmental impact; noise, pollution and exercises to keep birds around runways to protect their
lives from airplane engines.
Quality assurance and control
To assure the quality of airport services, Manchester has sat up "International Scientific Advisory
Council" last year. The council consists of worldwide expertise evaluated airplanes and machines
safety practices, assure airport compliance with government rules and create new

Federal Aviation Administration 's Policies
In August of 2015, quickly approaching the September 30th renewal of the Federal Aviation
Administration's policies, many regional airlines questioned the amount of time required for
commercial pilots to have under their training belt. As of 2013, it is an FAA standard that pilots
training for their commercial license must accumulate 1,500 hours before they are considered to
have completed the program. While 1,500 hours of flying time, especially for pilots of a commercial
airplane, does not seem like much, the minimum amount of hours that they had to accumulate before
the rule change was just a mere 250 hours of fly time. With an increase of 1,250 hours, many of the
executives from these regional airlines are upset because of one effect ... Show more content on
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In some cases, an airline has even had to remove themselves from an airport due to the unpopularity
or the inability to fund said airline flying out of that airport. While losing routes, and therefore
revenue, is a big deal to most of these major airlines, the pilots of these airlines seem to have a
different take on the problem. They believe it is the salary they get from the airline themselves that
deters pilot from flying commercial planes. Pilots pay $150,000 to $200,000 to obtain their
commercial license, while some airlines are only offering $21,000 or less as a starting salary. All in
all, potential candidates for a commercial pilot's license are having a hard time believing that their
significant training expenses will be rewarded in the long run.
Whatever the case may be to the shortage of pilots, there is one group fighting against any
amendment or new legislation that would require, or encourage, pilots getting 1,500 hours before
piloting a commercial plane for an airline. These are the families of the 50 people that died in a 2009
Colgan Airlines crash that happened in Buffalo, New York. In this case, the pilots were flying
through a snowstorm, and on an improper response to a turboprop maneuver, the plane stalled and
crashed, consequently. While the pilots' lack of training was documented as the ultimate cause to
this crash, the pilots of this flight had 3,379 and 2,244 hours of flying.
So that begs the question,

Exm 2557 Submit Essay
National Institute of Business Management
Chennai – 020
EMBA/ MBA
Elective: Airline and Airport Management (Part –1)
Attend any 4 questions. Each question carries 25 marks
(Each answer should be of minimum 2 pages / of 300 words)
1. Airline management practice has evolved significantly over the past three decades. The
development of this practice has contributed to recent advances in computation and communication
technologies and, more importantly, the need to reduce costs and increase revenues. Explain.
2. The Total Airport Management System (TAMS) is an integrated airport management system
which supports the business goals of providing an efficient, cost effective operation as it is the
nucleus on the Multimedia Super Corridor ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Number of circuits and approaches are used for aeronautical billing and statistical purposes.
A major point to bear in mind with the way is that the airlines/handling agents are also being
updated on estimates of arrival and departure. Therefore it has to be agreed by all the party's
concerned on who will be responsible for the updating the information.
Airlines and handling agents know of new flight information and if both parties' have the ability to
create new flights then a minute difference in time can create two flights instead of the one.
ATC information can be used to create mandatory statistics required by some Government agencies
such as the National Air traffic Service (NATS) who use the information for planning purposes and
in some case for airspace usage.
ATC Billing
Information entered in ICAO format and UTC and consists of the following information: –
Aircraft Registration
Point of Entry into Air Space
Point of Departure of Air Space
Airport Point of Departure and/or Landing
Times at the Different Points of Entry or Departure
Aircraft registration is entered so that the aircraft type and weight can be used in the calculation of
the fee.
Airport of origin/destination or point of entry and exit are used in the calculation of the fee.
Times are entered if entry and exit time in the FIR forms part of the billing calculation.

Airline/Handling Agents
Information can be entered by

Delays And Congestion At Frontier's East
Passenger air travel has been forecasted to increase to over 1 billion persons annually by 2023. This
alone has a great likelihood of negatively impacting airport capacity at several of Frontier Airlines'
major hubs due to inefficient runway use. This case study will focus on delays and congestion at
Frontier's east coast hub, Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), and how improvements can
effectively reduce the amount of delayed flights Frontier consistently experiences.
Background
Philadelphia Municipal Airport opened on June 20, 1940 along the banks of the Delaware River. By
year's end, approximately 40,000 passengers travelled through the airport. By 1945, the municipal
airport became Philadelphia International Airport (PHL) courtesy of transatlantic service by
American
Overseas Airlines. In the 1960s and 1970s, expansion and modernization paved way for the airport
facility in use today.
Increased popularity of air travel, population growth, and urban development have all contributed to
the increase in congestion and decrease in capacity at PHL over the years. FAA records as far back
as
1995 show that PHL ranked consistently as one of the most delayed airports (FAA, 2010). Many of
these delays at PHL have secondary and tertiary effects at the airports to which the originating
flights are destined. Hub and spoke carrier passengers depending on their on–time arrival may miss
connecting flights and, at times, additional onward flights, cruises, or other important events.

Flying Against The Wind: Lindbergh Field
In Case Study 5.2 "Flying Against the Wind" San Diego International Airport, known also as the
Lindbergh Field, wanted to expand in 2007, but faced challenges. It is located in the front bay
location with limited room to grow (Guth and Marsh, pp. 155). In 2007, they served more than 18
million passengers. There were given the opportunity to relocate and San Diego County residents
rejected the measure by a 62 percent to 38 percent margin (Guth and Marsh, pp. 156). The San
Deigo County Regional Airport Authority decided to develop a master plan to expand airport
operations in the existing 661– acre site. Resulting in Authority Board approval of an environmental
Impact Report, which is a requirement under California's environmental law. Trying ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most critical aspects in the concept of an agenda–setting role of mass communication is the time
frame (Agenda–Setting Hypothesis). Referring back to the case immediate response from the airport
to gain support occurred rapidly. With the help of the community leaders (opinion leaders),
residents, and individual business yield positive responses the airport wanted. Despite the protest of
the master plan the airport was able to turn that negative into a plus. Let's not forget the media that
was used to educate residents about the airport. It is clear how the public opinion and comminution
within the two are crucial. The public opinion takes into account the wide range of sides people will
take. Once the message is delivered feedback from the public is expected. The feedback is the action
taken by the public. Two sides were seen in this case; the residents that supported the plan and the
residents that did not. The action can be predicted with great communications outlets also called
channels. The support cards, video and website were examples used in this

Airport Essay
Table of Contents
List of Figures iv
List of Table iv
List of Abbreviations v
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Airport 1
1.2 Research objectives 1
1.3 Method 2
2 Literature review 2
2.1 Economic Importance of Airport 2
2.1.1 Definitions & Methodologies: 3
2.2 Aeronautical Noise: 5
3 Operational Restrictions as a solution 7
4 Economic Impacts of the Operation Restrictions 8
4.1 Economic Impact on Airports: 8
4.2 Economic Impact on Airlines: 8
5 Measuring the Economic Impact of Operation Restrictions 9
5.1 Air Traffic 9
5.2 Demand 9
5.3 Capacity of the Aeronautical Infrastructure 10
5.4 Staff Adjustments 11
5.5 Airlines route planning 11
5.6 Employment generated off the airport site 11
5.7 Aeronautical and non–aeronautical revenue 11
6 Economic Impacts on Indian Aviation and Airlines due to Night Flight Operation Restrictions 12
6.1 Restriction on Night Operations of Chapter 2 Aircraft: 13
7 Appendix 15
8 Conclusion 16
9 References 17
List of Figures
Figure 1 : Key factors in economic impact caused by airports (Torvonin, 2005) 2
Figure 2 : Key impacts caused by airport and aviation activities ( UK, 2011) 5
Figure 3: Direct Impact of Delhi Airport 13

Figure 4 – Delhi Airport contribution to National and Regional Economics 14
Figure 5 : Air Cargo growth and its impact on GDP growth in India Source: NCAER,2012 14
List of Table
Table 1 : Noise Levels (IGI, 2001) 6
Table 2 : Permissible Noise levels at Indian Airports ( IGI, 2001) 6
List of Abbreviations

Airport Privatization 2
Airport Privatization:
Introduction:
Airport plays a key role of air transport; it has a big impact on development of economics in a
country. Freight passengers and cargo to any part of the world and it allows aircraft to land and take
off. An airport has to have a proper infrastructure, which consists of runaways, taxiways, apron,
terminal for arrival and departure of passengers, terminal for freight and ground interchange. It
should have a wide range of facilities; lounge for passengers, shops and a food court. For safety and
security it has to have an air traffic control to monitor all the incoming and outgoing flights to take
off and land, security personnel requires for baggage checks, individual screening using metal
detectors, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In United states, commercial airports have traditionally been independent of the national control,
operated locally by local or regional authorities and highly influenced by private interests,
specifically the airlines (with enough power to decide major facets of airport management and
development). While the other degree of participation of private interests in airports differs broadly
among states and cities, major U.S. commercial airports are operated through partnerships between
the government, local interests and private firms.
The Australian airport privatization began in 1994 when the Australian government announced the
decision to sell 22 airports that were owned and operated by the Federal Airports Corporation
(FAC). Under a long term leases, airlines are responsible extends to providing and maintaining
terminal infrastructures, with the airport operator only the land for the domestic terminals that are
under lease.
In other Asian countries, many major airports are expected to be privatized in the near future,
including Tokyo, Hongkong, and several airports in India. The ongoing structural reform in airport
sector has provided an opportunity for these airports seek funding from capital markets as well as
strategic investors.
Types of Privatization:
* Share flotation * Trade sale *

Logan Airport Case Study Essay
Delays at Logan Airport 1. A) Delay in minutes per plane: Λ = 50 | Λ = 55 | Λ = 59 | 6.54 minutes |
12.52 minutes | 60.5 minutes |
Delay costs:
Turboprop:
Λ = 50 6.54min*($352 + 65%load*15passengers*$30.9)/60 = $71.20
Regional jet:
Λ = 50 6.54min*($672 + 65%*50passengers*$30.9)/60 = $182.71
Λ = 55 12.52min*($672 + 65%*50passengers*$30.9)/60 = $349.78
Λ = 59 60.5min*(672 + 65%*50passengers*$30.9)/60 = $1690.22
Conventional jet:
Λ = 50 6.54min*($1590 + 65%*150passengers*$30.9)/60 = $501.70
Λ = 55 12.52min*($1590 + 65%*150passengers*$30.9)/60 = $960.44
Λ = 59 60.5min*($1590 + ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
iii. However, in the potential future scenario of a 10% turboprop, 30% regional jet, and 60%
conventional jet mix, the PPP would have an insignificant effect. iv. Our analysis in 1. and 2. shows
that the potential savings in delay costs that result from demand management can potentially offset
the peak period fees. For example, if the current peak period demand is 59 planes and a fee of $250
can reduce it to 40 planes, the total costs that conventional jets incur decreases from $4641.11 to
$526.16. However, if the current demand is 50 planes, a fee of $250, which reduces the demand to
40 planes, would not be offset, Further, it must be noted that conventional jets benefit the most from
a decrease in demand resulting from a PPP. If the current demand is 59 planes, for turbotrops the
landing fee can be offset from delay costs savings, but this is not the case if the current demand is,
for example, 55 or 50 planes. To conclude, the savings in delay costs that result from demand
management can offset peak period fees, but only if the initial demand is high and usually only in
the case of conventional jets. 3. A) One of the fundamental assumptions of waiting line systems is
that the arrival rate cannot exceed the service rate or the system is said to be unstable. In the case,
the arrival rate at times is almost equal to, or greater than, the service rate, hence

Jetblue Airlines Summary of Case
Barger, previously president and COO of JetBlue, was named the airline's CEO.
JetBlue's board promoted Barger to the CEO role in the wake of a highly publicized operational
crisis in February that led to the cancellation of over 1,100 JetBlue flights and adversely affected the
travel plans of thousands of passengers. Though numerous interviews and meetings during the past
day allowed Barger to outline his vision for the airline, he realized that he needed to move quickly in
implementing that vision to maintain the confidence of customers, employees, and shareholders.
Just a few miles outside Barger's window was John Fitzgerald Kennedy (JFK) Airport, where
JetBlue began operations as a low–cost carrier (LCC) in 2000 and, by the ... Show more content on
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Attracting passengers who would have otherwise traveled by car or bus, Southwest was able to
maintain high levels of plane utilization, thereby keeping its operating costs low enough to support
its discounted fares.
A key component of Southwest's ability to manage costs was its reliance on a single type of plane–
the Boeing 737. * Over time, Southwest's ground and flight personnel became very familiar with the
737; this decreased the airline's average turnaround time between landing a plane and putting it back
into the air. * This efficiency, combined with the shrewd use of fuel hedges, buoyed Southwest's
profits.
* Attempts by competitors to mimic Southwest's LCC model typically were unsuccessful, as
demonstrated by the infamous rise and fall of no–frills People Express Airlines during the 1980s and
the short–lived attempts of several major airlines–including Continental Airlines, Delta Air Lines,
and United Airlines–to create LCC subsidiaries during the 1990s.
By 2006, Southwest was firmly established as the only consistently profitable airline in an industry
rocked by deregulation, fare wars, overcapacity, and the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
Specifically, Southwest was the only airline in America to show a profit for each year since 1973 up
to 2005.
After September 11, the airline industry

Airport Parking For Small Regional Airports
Airport Parking In Small Regional Airports
Small regional airports struggle with leakage to larger airports that provide primary service to
metropolitan areas. Small catchment areas and few services to communities with smaller population
densities create a constant struggle for small regional airports to attract and retain commercial air
services (Wittman, 2014). Small regional airports must focus on increasing revenue potential in
order to fund operating improvements and must keep a high level of customer satisfaction to retain
old customers and obtain new customers. The Airport Cooperative Research Program (2009) found
that parking revenue is on typically 25% all airport revenue and is approximately 40% or more of
non–aviation revenue. This makes airport parking the highest revenue source of U.S. Airports, and is
often used to provide funding to support other operations. Airport parking is also in many cases the
first and last point of interaction users will have with the airport. The particular significance of this
study is that it addresses parking supply needs for small regional airports in terms of parking facility
growth management and revenue retention needs. Most studies look at primary hub airport parking
supply needs, and do little to address the public parking needs of small regional airports. Studies that
look at small regional airports tend to focus on the aviation revenue and space occupancy with little
to no mention of aspect of non–aviation operations such

Airline Regulations
AIRLINE REGULATIONS Research Paper AVSC 1220 TREVOR CARTER ID # 10524707 *The
airline industry operates like the veins of the United States by pumping precious cargo throughout
the country. Most *people don't realize how different the airlines were a few decades ago. The entire
industry was regulated by the government. Regulation is usually considered a more socialistic
liberal idea that is opposed by conservative capitalists. Although I personally believe in a
government with a small limited *role* in our daily lives, I have come to the conclusion that the
airline industry is a rare exception that needs to return to regulation which would benefit the airlines
and the consumers in numerous ways. In the days of regulation ... Show more content on
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This is just a temporary fix that might stave off the shortage for a few years but hiring will start
again and there won't be enough pilots let alone enough experience pilots to fly all of these
airplanes. Under regulation when oil quadrupled in the 70's, the price was passed onto the consumer
by raising ticket prices. This is unfortunate but it is a part of the way our economy works. Today
with prices rising, the airlines will not raise prices and instead try to run other companies into the
ground by lowering prices. This is not healthy competition. The airline industry lost 25 billion
dollars from 2000*–2005. During that period a*irfares dropped 10* percent while 20 airlines went
bankrupt. US Airways and Northwest Airlines have removed their obligation to their pension funds
by pleading in *bankruptcy court that they couldn't operate *without* do*ing so. This wiped out
over 8,5*00 pilots retirement funds between the two of them. Over 7000 Delta pilots have also since
lost their retirements. * Pilots have conceded roughly 25–35*% pay cuts along with losing their
retirements in order to keep these airlines afloat and ensure the passenger gets a good deal on their
ticket. *Within the past few weeks Aloha Airlines joined the ranks and went out of business

Ryanair and Its Activities Within the “European Airline...
Ryanair and its activities within the "European Airline Industry"
A pioneer in European discount air travel, Ryanair Holdings offers low–fare, no–frills air
transportation via its main subsidiary, Ryanair. The carrier flies to about 160 destinations, including
more than two dozen in Ireland and the UK; overall, it serves more than 25 countries throughout
Europe, plus Morocco. Ryanair specializes in short–haul routes between secondary and regional
airports. It operates from more than 40 bases, including airports in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy,
Spain, and Sweden, as well as in Ireland and the UK. The carrier maintains a fleet of about 270
Boeing 737–800s. Ryanair holds a 29% stake in Aer Lingus and has launched several unsuccessful
bids ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5. Financial Management
Since many things involved while handling an airline company financial management takes a large
part of it. This is also the best way to enlarge and develop the company and the services it offers.
Net revenue is the measure of profitability, with all revenues minus all costs divided by the total
seats flown. For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, ancillary services accounted for 13.9% of
Ryanair's total operating revenues, as compared to 13.1% of such revenues in the fiscal year ended
March 31, 2003. The increase reflected higher revenues from non–flight scheduled operations, car
rentals, in–flight sales and internet–related services. These increases more than offset the
elimination of charter revenue from April 2003, when the Company re–directed its charter capacity
to scheduled services. See "–Ancillary Services" and "Item 5. Operating and Financial Review and
Prospects–Results of Operations–Fiscal Year 2004 Compared with Fiscal Year 2003–Ancillary
Revenues" for additional information.
Bowman's Strategic Clock
(source: Müller, 2011, Case Study and Comparative Strategic Analysis of Toyota and Ryanair)
Stock Exchange"); Ordinary Shares are also traded on the London Stock Exchange. The Ordinary
Shares were

Skywest Case Study
Dennis Marriott
Strategic Management
Fall 2011
Sky West, Inc.
1. The dominant characteristics of the U.S. regional airline industry are they are mostly controlled
by larger airlines or have a contract with them to secure flights. . Most regional airlines are there for
smaller communities to access a flight to the major hubs. Most of the regional airlines service to
major airports, so they are connected or part of a servicing contract with national airlines, who in
turn are part of the operations of the global airline industry. Smaller aircraft and retired aircraft from
the national and global airline industry are used for regional flights.
3. Post– 9/11 fear of flying, rising fuel costs, seasonal fluctuations, and increased ... Show more
As major airlines go bankrupt, opportunities to take over the flights and collect on that revenue that
was going to the majors can be realized for Sky West. It can go global. External threats include
rising fuel costs, and limited domestic opportunities.
7. The company's future is promising. Revenues are increasing and its load factor is improving.
Operating expenses are decreasing and compared to other regional airlines, SkyWest offers better
benefits and compensation packages. It is performing efficiently; more so as each year passes.
8. SkyWest, Inc. must seek global markets to enter that allow joint ventures and potential for growth
to strengthen the company's competitive position. I would recommend the management stay on top
of technological advances in aircraft and purchase fuel efficient jets to lower fuel costs. Also, a plan
to consolidate ASA offices with the offices of SkyWest would cut down operating costs.
Dennis Marriott
2. Five Forces Analysis for SkyWest.
Threat of New Entrants. The threat of new entrants is not a strong threat for SkyWest, Inc. because
of its control of distribution channels is high (i.e. service contracts with major airlines), its
proprietary knowledge is high as the company is an established company with experience in the
industry, and capital requirements are high.
Power of Buyers. The power of buyers is relatively

General Aviation Within The United States
General aviation (GA) could be defined as aviation pertaining to non–military as well as scheduled
military aircrafts. General aviation within the United States includes over 5000 public airports,
generates over $200 billion dollars in revenue and supports close to a million jobs. For the year
2014, pilots have logged over 23 million hours of flight, two–thirds were primarily for the purpose
of business. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) reports that the fleet of aircrafts in the GA
sector contained 199, 927 active aircrafts towards the end of 2013. The FAA also reports that the
total number of pilots within the United States have been on a decline with the present number of
pilots being 174,833 as against 235,994 in 1996. In terms ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The airport is located in the Space Coast area located in southern part of Brevard County. The
airport was constructed in 1929 and today is one of the most self–sustaining airport in the State of
Florida, operating entirely via revenue generated from airline fees, rent from tenant airlines as well
as state and local grants, with no reliance on tax payers' dollars. The airport is a major contributor to
Brevard's economy with $1.1 billion in revenue and 6000 jobs. The recent expansion taking place at
the airport is expected to add another 2000 new jobs. MLB is strategically located and is only 30
minutes from Port Canaveral, which is one of the largest cruise ports and about 45 minutes from
Orlando, which is a great tourist location and host to globally acclaimed theme and amusement
parks. The airports' location is great not just for travel reasons, but is also ideal for business. Thus,
from a business perspective, the airport is a home to several air–craft manufacturing as well as
maintenance facilities, which have been rapidly expanding. The airport is 200,000 square foot in
area and is used for operations by commercial and charter airlines, namely Delta, American Airlines,
Baer Air, Porter and Elite. The airport has eight gates that can handle a passage of over two million
passengers annually. The airport's website reports 444,844 passengers travelled through MLB in
2014 with the number expected to significantly rise year over year. Including the main runway, there
are

Air Taxi Industry Case Study
1. Is the air taxi industry poised for take–off? What customer segments are most likely to lead to
success?
I undoubtedly agree that the air taxi industry will find success, however, I do think that it may take a
couple more years for it to truly reach a point of full potential. This is largely due to the current
difficulties in building and maintaining a fleet of VLJ's. There is such a high demand for the Eclipse
500, the best VLJ currently on the market, which has worked very well to slow growth in this
industry space. When the development and manufacturing of these planes become more streamlined,
I think it will be easier for air taxi companies to build their fleet and expand into new regions within
and outside of the United States. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though company's currently using charters may have the money to do so, all businesses are looking
to better their bottom line, and traveling using an air taxi is a definite way to save both time and
money.
2. The airline industry is often considered an unattractive industry, with high variability of
performance and problems of overcapacity? Is the air taxi industry any different?
The air taxi industry is very different from the original airline industry. For Linear air at least, they
handle bookings on a per plane, per hour basis. This scheduling model helps to eliminate the
problem that commercial airlines have because there will be no planes flying for little to no reason.
By this, I mean that a lot of commercial flights end up flying with several empty seats or seats sold
at a discounted rate. With the high cost of flying a larger plane, when seats are empty or sold for less
it is almost not worth it to have that flight in the first place. For Linear air, charging on a per plane
basis allows them to ensure that no plane is flown without need. Along with this, the air taxi industry
works around customer need, and customers have the ability to book flights with shorter notice. This
in turn, however, means that a flight may not always be available but, does help to assist with
overcapacity issues. Specifically, for Herp and Linear Air, they are expanding their air taxi Capacity
watchfully, with only 960 revenue hours, per plane, per

The On A Sleepy Mind And Sleepy Body
Introduction
There is a large difference between a sleepy mind and a sleepy body, but the combination is the
characteristics of a fatigued person. A fatigued person has behavior similar to "that of drunkenness,
[under] the effects of a large dose of alcohol" [1]. Many careers, which include high stress situations
and strict timelines, often deprive employees of a good rest due to their working environment. An
example of such would be the life of an Airline Pilot, where passenger safety, fast changing weather
and inconvenient schedules prevent the Pilot from receiving enough rest. In a British study done in
2014, 86.1% of Pilots reported that they commenced a shift while fatigued and reported feeling
"utterly drained, very slow to think and process information" [2]. Such conditions can cause a lack
of judgments and more mistakes occur, which in turn leads to accidents. Airlines and government
agencies have developed techniques and laws which aid the flight crew to operate while being well
rested, resulting in reduced errors. [enter purpose systems]
Causes and Sympoms A leading cause in fatigue in pilots is the long hours and times of commuting
between flights. Especially at the entry–level flying positions, as a result of the low pay, pilots
cannot afford to live near major airports and are required to drive for a long period of time, which
can further aggravate exhaustion. Along with that, many airlines require their pilots to operate
through bases which are different

Strengths And Weaknesses Of Southwest Airlines
The domestic airlines in the US market is the broader context in which Southwest Airlines conducts
its business. As a domestic airline, Southwest Airlines provides air transportation for cargo and
passengers along scheduled routes and on routine intervals. The airline industry is a service industry
comprised of the following services: coach class passenger transportation, first class passenger
transportation, business class passenger transportation, and cargo. However, Southwest Airlines is
unique from many of its competitors in the airline industry because it does not provide any
distinctive classes of transportation. The single class of transportation it provides may be considered
coach. Therefore, the two services that Southwest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Southwest's expertise was in providing consistent fun, enjoyable, unique customer service. They
achieved this by making jokes, playing games in the terminals, and offering free alcoholic
beverages. The airline put employees first, making them feel like valuable assets. In turn, they did
their job energetically, treated customers with respect, and make flying on Southwest airlines a
unique experience. People enjoyed the light atmosphere; it would help to reduce the anxiety of
nervous flyers. Southwest was known for its stewardess's in knee high boots and colorful uniforms.
Along side the employees, Southwest's distinctive competence was it's shorter and cheaper travel
time, which beat out all major competitors. Southwest had the lowest cost/low–price/no–frills
strategy that offered a single class of service at the lowest price, making air travel more affordable.
Now, they captured more of the market that otherwise would not be targeted. Creating millions of
new customers that would eventually turn into loyal customers. Southwest was the first airline to
introduce ticketless travel. Customers were able to order tickets online and simply use their drivers
license at the airport to confirm their reservation. This innovative technology led to no lines at the
ticket counter and more on time flights. In addition to the time cutting strategies, Southwest's whole
operating system was even the fastest. They used a point–to–point system

The Threat Of Terrorist Groups Place High Value
There is substantial evidence which supports the idea that terrorist groups place high value is using
shoulder–fire MANPAD weapon systems to destroy civilian jet aircraft. Successfully attacking a
civilian plane not only poses a great economic threat by effectively shutting down the commercial
aviation industry, it would also create a loss of confidence in the United States ability to defend
itself which, in of itself, holds great symbolic value. While the previous post examined mitigation
strategies centered around the aircraft, this post examines potential strategies that may be used to
minimize the threat from the ground, or more specifically, the airport. While no one strategy offers
the ability to completely eliminate the threat, there is existing literature which offers potential
strategies through a multi–layered approach.
Designing any sort of counter–MANPAD strategy will likely cost a great amount of money, and
airport planners will have to convince stakeholders the potential risk of a MANPAD incident. A
coordinated or well planned attack which results in catastrophic loss of life and aircraft(s) would
likely have cascading affects throughout the aviation industry, significantly effecting commerce and
travel. It must therefore be understood that any front end investment, in millions, could likely insure
continued daily operations in the event of a planned attack and preserve billions in potentially lost
revenue on the back end.
Any defensive measure built

Colgan Air And Continental Connection Flight 3407 Air Crash
Broward Community College Colgan air/Continental Connection Flight 3407 Air Crash Hugo M.
Minaya ASC 2320 Aviation Law Professor Mike Nonnemacher 5 August 2013 Hugo M. Minaya
ASC 2320 Aviation Law Professor Mike Nonnemacher November 25, 2016 Colgan air/Continental
Connection Flight 3407 Air Crash One of the most controversial and important air crash linked to
human error of the modern world happened on the night of February 12, 2009. Colgan air flight
3407, operated by Continental Connection, was on final approach to runway 23 at Buffalo–Niagara
International Airport as it disappeared from radar. The aircraft was a Bombardier Dash 8, a popular
twin engine medium range turboprop Airliner used by many regional carriers. The aircraft entered
an uncontrollable stall crashing into to a neighborhood 5 miles northeast of the airport killing all
everyone on souls on board. The Captain, Marvin Resnlow and first officer Rebecca Lynne were
behind the controls the night of the accident. The NTSB report determined error by both pilots cause
the aircraft to crash. Thus, pilot fatigues, improper recovery form a stall were contributing factors.
The victim's family members pushed for congress to overhaul airline regulations. The NTBS
investigation delivery multiple findings that eventually led to a modernization of airline operations
and pilot training. The NTSB concluded both pilots were suffering from sleep deprivation and
fatigue and eventually led to make errors during

The Aviation Industry From His Childhood
Introduction
David Barna has been associated with the Aviation Industry from his childhood. He got his private
pilot license when he was 14. He joined the US Air Force after graduating from high school and was
a celebrated B–52 bomber pilot for 19 years prior to his retirement from service. Oklahoma knows
the Barna family for their passion for flying. Mr. David Barna has directed us create a business plan
for a startup airline company providing luxurious travel experience to its prospective clients. This
travel company will provide door–to–door service to its customers using high–class transportation to
reach their choice of destinations within the United States. Mr. Barna has conducted professional
surveys to identify the market for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The staff compiling this business plan is as follows:
Lechanda Adams – Chief of Staff; Heather Britt – Chief of Purchasing
Badar Habib – President of Business Solutions; Paul Hoss – Operations Manger
Kokain Mothershed – President of Pricing and Incentives
Services
Barna Luxury Travel will provide door–to–door and point–to–point services within the Continental
United States. It will fly into terminals that are not located in the hubs of cities but rather fly into
regional terminals to avoid excessive terminal fees. Barna Luxury Travel will maintain a webpage
providing its customers the convince of paying for services online. Currently this proposal is to
purchase three jets and four limousines to provide door–to–door service. Sooner Travels, Inc.
located at Wiley Post Airport will provide baggage handling, schedule flights and ticketing in
addition to providing accounting services for Barna Luxury Travel Services.
Barna Luxury Travel is committed to getting its passengers to their destinations in a simple, direct,
efficient manner. Eager and dedicated employees are available and willing to help the passengers
with boarding at the departure gates and provide additional services for your ground transportation
and hotel accommodation at your destinations. Passengers are encouraged to use Barna's executive
suite which will

Airline Deregulation
Airline Deregulation act of 1978
Aston A Samms Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
Abstract
The United States Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 was a dramatic turning point in America. It was
the first systematic dismantling of a comprehensive system of government control since the
Supreme Court declared the National Recovery Act unconstitutional in 1935. It was also part of a
broader movement that, with varying degrees of thoroughness, transformed such industries as
trucking, railroads, buses, cable television, stock exchange brokerage, oil and gas,
telecommunications, financial markets, and even local electric and gas utilities. Since the Airline
Deregulation Act of 1978, the airline industry has experienced significant growth, ... Show more
Today the hub and spoke concept is used at most major airports throughout the United States such as
Atlanta, Chicago, and Dallas. The new system allows air travelers two key concepts in air travel.
The first, experienced by those that live in close proximity to the central hub, saw a significant
increase in both flights available and service areas. The second key point is with air travelers that
live near the spoke or regional areas of the routes. Those near the spokes have gained hundreds of
new destinations with the new system. By traveling from the serving airports to the hubs air
travelers are able to reach destinations on servicing or regional airlines that would not have existed
prior to deregulation.
Although there was a deregulation of the airline industry, the one significant component that did not
change was the infrastructure of the airline industry. Constrained by the limitations of the airports
and the air traffic control system, airlines did not see significant increases in profits despite the large
growth and operations. As the airlines increased the number of flights and structure, the air traffic
control system did not experience the same increase. Because the ATC system was still controlled
and owned by the government, growth was, and continues to be slow.
Each year the Department of Transportation goes to Congress to request more funding for increases
in budgets to pay the salaries of more controllers and to improve ATC technology. To

The National Plan Of Integrated Airport Systems
The National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS) forever changed the way airports were
classified when it was unveiled in 1982 (Wells, 2011). The aviation industry had grown significantly
since deregulation went into effect, and a new system needed to be put in place that would
distinguish airports with incredible growth and expansion from those that served niche markets or
flight training (Wells). Under the NPIAS, airports were broken down into three major categories:
commercial services airports, reliever airports, and general aviation airports (Wells). The following
paragraphs describe the three categories of airports that were created by the NPIAS, and conclude
with an airport that fits into that particular category today.
Commercial Services Airport When the general public thinks about airports, chances are they will
imagine an airport that fits into this category. Commercial services airports are defined in our text as
"those airports that accommodate scheduled air carrier service, provided by the world's certificated
air carriers" (Wells). These are the airports that move passengers and cargo across the United States
and the world. Commercial services airports are not created equal, however, which is why they are
further broken down into different categories of hubs. They range from large hub airports "that
account for at least 1 percent of the total passenger enplanements in the United States" to medium
and small hub airports that account for less and

Global Airline Industry Essay
The airline industry has seen drastic changes since September 11, 2001. The government ordered a
complete shutdown for three days of not only all commercial aircraft but such carriers as domestic
flights and emergency aircraft. For days after September 11th, all aircraft stayed on the ground.
Even military aircraft had to receive special clearance to fly. In a ripple effect, the entire economy of
the United States and the world was put on hold. The New York Stock Exchange shut its doors
because of the attacks on the towers of the World Trade Center.
The airline industry is classified into four categories by the Department of Transportation. The four
categories are International, National, Regional and Cargo. The following are ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of their cheaper fares, the larger airlines are forced to hold down the cost of their flights in
order to still attract customers. Of course when a smaller regional carrier does not service a
destination that one of the larger carriers does, then any potential cost savings is lost. Another point
worth noting is that several of these regional carriers are subsidiaries of a larger airline. "After
September 11th, passenger traffic dropped off severely, causing the airlines to cut flights, layoff
workers and park surplus aircraft" (College Grad, n.d.). Conditions are favorable for a turn around in
passenger traffic. With the ever expanding world economy, business travel has become more
necessary. One area that is not expected to grow is the domestic cargo segment in comparison to
international cargo flights. Airlines need to examine the destinations where they fly. If one of the
destinations becomes unpopular, then the airline will need to make adjustments or profits will suffer.
A good example would be back in the late 50's where one of airlines main destinations would have
been Cuba. Some of the ways costs are figured in the airline industry are as follows: available seat
miles, revenue passenger miles, load factor, and revenue per available seat miles. The available seat
miles calculation is the "number of seats available multiplied by the number of miles flown"
(Wikipedia, 2007). The revenue passenger miles calculation is the

Analysis Of Pest Analysis Airline Industry
2. ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL AND INDUSTRY ENVIRONMENT.
PEST is «an acronym for political, economic, social, and technological – external factors that
commonly affect business activities and performance» (Aguilar, 1967). PESTE is a variation of
PEST analysis and it includes environmental factors in the macro environment.
2.1. Political Factors.
Political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses. It includes government
regulations and legal issues under which business should operate.
The United Kingdom's political stability was tested by the London terrorist bombings several times
during the last decade. Of course it led to a slight drop of the airline industry (Keynote, 2013),
because of strengthening airport and flight security the profitability of major airlines reduced.
Other political factor which influence on airline sector is «EU Clamps Down on Airline Fares».
Airlines that advertise attractive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Increasing strength of the pound against major global currencies is an advantage for the airline
industry of the UK. The inflationary and fluctuation tendencies of the dollar have worked to the
advantage of the UK airline industry (Keynote, 2013). Nevertheless, the domestic economic
growth's slowdown has affected the airline industry of UK since it has decreased the power of the
people to use air as their preferred type of traveling. The recent global economic meltdown hit the
airline industry very hard. Most of the major players of Great Britain airline industry suffered from
massive wastes during the global economic meltdown (Business Week, 2008). For some of them
was had to lay off their workers during the recession. As we have already told in our work the
increased cost of fuel affected this industry. This has impacted on the profitability of the airline
industry and the situation has been worsened by the situation in the Arab world (Done,

Southwest Airlines Case Study
BibliographyKernin, Roger A. and Peterson, Robert A. Strategic Marketing Problems: Cases and
Comments. 11th Edition.
Southwest AirlinesSouthwest Airlines employees came together in late January 1995 for their
weekly Tuesday meeting. A main topic of discussion was the competitions between Southwest
airlines and "Continental Lite" and "Shuttle By United". As they were beginning the meeting a staff
member advised the team of two changes "Shuttle By United" made to its service and pricing. First
was the discontinuation of service for the Oakland–Ontario, California market. Second, the one–way
walk–up first class and coach fairs had been increased by $10.00. The focus of that Tuesday meeting
was set aside and the attention focused on what to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, Southwest flew only Boeing 737 jets in coach. Due to all of these combined operations,
Southwest's cost per seat was the lowest among major U.S. carriers.
Southwest focused on creative marketing techniques to differentiate itself from other carriers.
Service, convenience and price were represented in the marketing effort.
Southwest was also focused on its people. The relationships with the employees were very important
to Southwest and that is why it was listed as one of the top ten companies to work for.
Southwest achieved record revenue and income levels in 1994 but their net income fell 47 percent.
These results were due to a few factors such as an acquisition, competitors' use of fare sales and the
airline–within–an–airline initiatives launched by Continental and United.
RecommendationsAfter all of these facts about Southwest Airlines and the airline industry in
general I came to an answer about how Southwest should respond to the changes of United Airlines.
I believe Southwest should continue with its present price and service strategy. I do not believe any
changes should be made. Southwest will continue to achieve revenue do to its low prices and its
excellent customer service.
Southwest Airlines should continue to service its local customers on non–stop flights. When I fly
short distances there are three main things that I look for in a flight: cheap, non–stop and friendly
employees. Southwest Airline

International Aviation Industry And Regulatory Officials
A Year After the Imposition of New Limits on U.S. Flight Operations Conducted in Ground Icing
Conditions, International Aviation Industry and Regulatory Officials Continue to Work to Contain
Icing Threats. This Special Report, Examining Their Efforts and the Drive to Establish Universal
Standards for Such Operations, Was Prepared by Southeast U.S. Bureau Chief James T. McKenna in
Cocoa Beach, European Editor Pierre Sparaco in Paris and Engineering Editor Michael A.
Dornheim in Los Angeles.
International aviation officials are attempting to forge worldwide standards for improving the safety
of flight operations conducted in ground icing conditions.
The fledgling effort by members of international aviation and standards ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
National Transportation Safety Board, said. "Fatal accidents should not be allowed to be the only
catalyst for development" of safer practices.
U.S. regulatory, manufacturing and airline officials have been working more closely with their
counterparts in Europe and other regions of the world since the 1992 LaGuardia crash. That accident
followed crashes of a Canadian operated Fokker 28 at Dryden, Ontario, in 1989 and a U.S.– built
McDonnell Douglas MD– 81 operated by Scandinavian Airlines System in 1991.
Several international meetings over the last year have addressed, among other things, disparities in
the regulatory and operational treatment of ground icing threats. International organizations are
taking steps to correct them.
European aviation officials are maintaining their long– standing lead in efforts to make operations in
ground icing conditions safer. Minimum ground–icing safety practices vary widely from country to
country and even from airline to airline throughout the world. Europe 's Joint Airworthiness
Authorities are conducting a broad, coordinated review of technical and flight operations in winter
conditions. And members of the Assn. of European Airlines are pressing to distill the lessons learned
by carriers experienced with ground icing conditions, such as those in northern Europe, Scandinavia
and Russia, into guidelines that can be used by airlines worldwide.
As a result of those campaigns and

How Has 9/11 Affected Our Lives
September 11, 2001 is a day that will forever live in infamy inside the hearts and minds of American
citizens. On that morning, the world saw live the destruction and devastation that terrorism can
deliver right to our own backyard. Shocking images of the whole tragedy can still be seen on
television even now, a whole six months later, yet even now it still seems unimaginable. As most
Americans know, the Federal Government has implemented a huge amount of change to our foreign
and domestic policies as a result of 9/11. The most noticeable of these in our everyday lives can be
seen in our nation's airports. Huge amounts of money and resources have been spent to help make
sure that such a travesty will never ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is at this point, after the passengers have had themselves and their property searched twice (at the
ticket counter and security checkpoint), do they again become subject to hand wands, pat downs,
and bag searches. Only after all of these procedures have been completed is the passenger allowed
to board the aircraft. Although all the checks that passengers go through may be tedious, they are not
much compared to the increased workloads endured by airport employees after the terrorist attacks.
This leads me to my personal explanation of how 9/11 has affected my life at work.
Being a checkpoint supervisor before and after the attacks, I have seen first hand what changes have
been brought to civil aviation. In the months following September, the workload at my checkpoint
has increased so drastically that three extra workers have been hired for each shift just to
compensate for the extra load. The rise in labor is obviously not due to more passenger flow, but to
the strict policy changes brought about by the FAA. It would not be so hard on employees if the
aviation administration would stop changing guidelines and directives so much. I find it very hard to
adjust perfectly to each new ten–page directive every time one is issued and I constantly find myself
in a struggle between my supervisors and the screeners I am in charge of.

The Airport Security Of Aviation
Charlotte's International Airport is currently ranked as the fifth busiest airport in the USA
in terms of the takeoffs as well as landings. The airport improved in ranking by one spot in both
international and national rankings recording with an average of 544,944 takeoffs and landings in
2015. Charlotte airport witnessed approximately 44.9 million travellers in the year 2015, a record
of an increase by 1 percent. Most passengers using airplane tend to use the airport to switch from
one plane to another with approximately around 80 percent of the airport's passengers
connecting and reconnecting with friends and families.
The current rise in the market demand for aviation services around the world demands
analysis of airport demand among passengers regarding the current capacity of the airports.
Therefore, it is through proper planning of future and current airport amenities that the airports
will provide adequate strengths to support the growing demand for the services of aviation
(Paylor, 2015). The future of aviation is, therefore, oblique considering the evolution of
upcoming airport facilities and infrastructure, which are factors, deliberated when defining
airport's facility requirements.
The demand–capacity breakdown majorly focuses on airside and landside facilities such
as the runways apron space, taxiway, utilities as well as terminal buildings. Furthermore, demand
on airspace especially those facilities related to the capacity and

Essay about Logan Airport
Executive Summary 2 Introduction 3 Causes of Delay 3 Assumptions and Facts 4 Alternative 1:
Regional Solution 5 Alternative 2: New Runway 14/32 7 Alternative 3: Peak–Period Pricing 10
Alternative 4: New Runway and Peak–Period Pricing 12 Recommendation & Conclusion 13
References 14
Executive Summary
This report aims to analyze and attempt to reduce Logan airport's delay problem in the year 2000.
The airport was experiencing unacceptable numbers of delays due to three main problems: 1)
Weather conditions, 2) Mix of aircrafts, and 3) Overscheduling. Under normal weather, the three–
runway configuration is sufficient to handle incoming and outgoing planes. However, the delay
problem at Logan is the most acute during ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. Overscheduling
Although overscheduling was not considered a problem at Logan Airport when the case was written,
it was proved to be a potential problem in the future as the number of passengers that use Logan
Airport increases. Since 90% of the flights started or ended there, the airport has little slack to
recover from delays because the flights arrived uniformly over each hour, unlike other airports with
more staggered schedule. In general, increasing the capacity of the airport can solve the flight delay
problem at Logan Airport.
In order to help Logan Airport reduce flight delays, four alternatives will be examined in the report:
1) Regional solution, 2) New runway, 3) Peak–period pricing (PPP), and 4) The combination of new
runway and PPP. Recommendations will be provided after analytical discussions of each alternative.
Assumptions and Facts
This report is based on several assumptions drawn from the facts outline in the Logan case. First, we
will assume that Logan airport operates 24 hours per day, 365 days per year. Furthermore, it is
assumed that the processing system is a single–phase service process, which means that each server
(runway) performs the same set of activities on one customer (aircraft) at a time. Each aircraft is
processed in the first come first serve (FCFS) order. Since 90%

Southwest Airlines Hub Capacity And Congestion Management
Giancarlo Villafaña
Southwest Airlines Hub Capacity and Congestion Management
ASCI602 The Air Transportation System
06 June 2015
Abstract
Southwest Airlines shot out of the gates, much to the chagrin of their competitors as a short haul,
low fare, and high frequency carrier. As SWA expanded and deregulation occurred, they had to
decide what kind of airline they wanted to be and how they would adapt to the changing
environment. The FAA reports that passenger numbers are expected to reach a billion passengers in
2023 (FAA, 2011). Most Airlines are responding to the increased demand by centralizing and
consolidating their assets. This in turn creates a situation where capacity is maximized in some
airports and congestion increases causing significant delay. Demand will continue to rise over the
next few decades and these airlines must rely on regulators and policy makers to upgrade the very
necessary infrastructure and technology. Southwest's strategy is to remain a point to point carrier
instead of the traditional hub and spoke carrier, satisfying their customer demand with lower
congestion at underutilized airports with more flights. However Southwest continues to remain
flexible looking forward as it adopts hub and spoke techniques, coordinates with the FAA and
governing bodies, and invests heavily in its most important airports to stay ahead of the pack.
In the early seventies, SWA was begun by a couple of innovators in Teas, Rollin King and

History Of Columbia Regional Airport
Airport Report
1st of May 2016
Robert Carton
University of Central Missouri
Abstract
This report will be discussing the history of the Columbia Regional Airport, from day one to present
day. The report will discuss the management structure, how it is broken down, as well as, with the
facilities that are being used. The wildlife and environmental challenges, goals, marketing strategy,
financial overview, future challenges and recommendations will as well be discussed in the report. It
is my goal to present the overview of the Columbia Regional Airport throughout this report.
History of the airport
Columbia Regional Airport was founded in 1928. The location of Columbia Regional Airport was to
be located on the western edge of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Runway 13/31 is 4,401 feet long and 75 feet wide. The pavement material is Asphalt. The strength
of the pavement is 12,500 pounds. Runway 13 has instrument approach aids that consist of RNAV
GPS, and VOR. Runway 31 has an instrument approach aid that consist of RNAV GPS. Runway
2/20 is 6,501 feet long and 150 feet wide. The pavement material is made of grooved concrete. The
pavement strength is 125,000 pounds. Runway 2 has an instrument approach aid that consist of ILS,
LOC–DME, and RNAV. Runway 20 has an instrument approach aid that consist of LOC–BC,
VOR/DME, and RNAV. (Columbia Regional Airport, 2009,

Example Of Positional Data
The positional data in the three–dimensional space (latitude, longitude, and altitude) for EWR
arrival flights, including all minute–by–minute arrival flight tracks were selected from FAAAircraft
Situation Display to Industry (ASDI) data services. The ASDI information consists of components
like flight plans, position reports, flight diversions, and cancellations. The position reports were the
updates of aircraft positions every time when the computers were aware of a position amend (i.e.
every 12 seconds for enroute RADAR or 5 seconds for TRACON).
EWR airport arrival capacity, i.e. Airport Arrival Rate (AAR), is a dynamic parameter to specify the
number of arrival aircraft that EWR airport can accept throughout a consecutive hour (or 15 ... Show
For each of the WAF files, the data include polygons of airspace regions where aircraft are likely to
deviate around with corresponding avoidance probability thresholds, such as 80%. This data is
available for each of the flight levels from 25,000 ft (FL250) up to 45,000 ft (FL450) in 1,000 ft
increments. The center and sector Weather impacted traffic indexes were calculated using CIWS and
flight data.
C. Weather Impacted Traffic Index (WITI) Model
WITI indicates how "bad" the weather was based on the number of aircraft affected by it. Over the
past decade, WITI, at an aggregated national and regional level, has been well accepted as an
indication of National Airspace System (NAS) air traffic delays due to it's strong correlation with
the latter (for example, see Ref. 8). In this study, the airspace hourly WITI (center or sector) is
defined by using the flight and weather in the 4–dimentional space inside the airspace S and time H,
as: .
Here i, j, k, and t are the latitude, longitude, altitude at a specific time t (in minute), respectively. T is
the reference flight track segment at (i, j, k) and t on the reference day. W is assigned a value of 1 for
the severe weather at location (i, j, k) and t, and a value of 0 otherwise. The reference days were
identified as the days with no significant weather, but significant traffic demand and low NAS

The Plan For Aviation And Aerospace Industry
Describing the blueprint of a particular aviation career
Background
The aviation and aerospace is one promising front in terms of careers and opportunities. Just like
any industries in the 21st Century, aviation and aerospace industry is a complex one that requires
skilled labor in all of its ranks. The demand for the various job positions in the industry is motivated
by both inadequate skilled personnel and the rapidly increasing demand for the airline transport.
From the beginning, aviation opportunities were believed to be only piloting, engineering, and
machine operator. Well, as that notion is gradually fading, more and more opportunities are
springing up in the exponentially increasing airline companies (Goglia, 2014). These are air ... Show
Finally, one needs to master their passion and to question the purposes for the career choice.
With the opportunities in the aviation industry in the open, it serves as a wakeup call for individuals
to pursue career choices that are aligned to aviation and aerospace industry. Among all the choices
in this industry, I particularly will single out one part of aviation system: the airline ground staff,
most specifically, the air traffic controller.
The air traffic controller job
Air traffic controllers are one of the most important airline ground staff members, tasked with the
role of "keeping airlines separated when flying under instrument flight rules" (Outlook, 2015). With
the changes taking place in the air traffic control all the time, this front is believed to be one of the
most lucrative job opportunities in the near future. It is a well–paid career with a minimum
requirement of a standard four–year degree qualification.
The entry requirements for this post would have varied details between airline companies but the
standard requirements are minimum distinction in secondary school certificate, with as in Math and
English as well as eligibility to work in the country that hosts the airline company. In most cases, the
respective airline companies provide training and certification programs for these positions.
However, before one is inducted into the air traffic controller programs, there are various aptitude,

Porter Airline Case Study
Executive Summary
Porter Airlines is a continued success in the short haul air travel business. Its low cost structure has
enabled them to be proactive in the industry and gain a fairly large market share. Porter's strategic
successes include its quick turnaround time upon departure and arrival, its competitive ticket
pricing, web ticket sales and its exceptional customer service. In addition, Porter's low cost and low
maintenance on their Q400 turboprops give them a competitive advantage as they are put in par with
regional jets; they only need 35% capacity to break even. Furthermore, Porter increasingly becomes
more successful with its established methodical growth. In addition, Porter's success as an entrant ...
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By offering lower fare
prices than other competitors, Porter airlines will regain revenue and take away competitors market
shares as they have a cost advantage compared to its competitors.
Preferred Alternative:
Due to the competitive nature of this market, Porter Airlines should base its operation strategy on
their
cost advantage and provide high quality services to enhance buyers' experience. Porter Airlines
should
establish itself as the short–haul carrier of choice by providing superior customer service,
convenient
and high frequency flights to customers in order to gain market shares to be sustainable in long term.

Issue 2:
While continuing on its expansion plan, Porter Airline faces many issues raised by limited resources.
Although Porter Airline has many competitive advantages such as excellent brand name, exclusive
control of the airport, low operating costs, innovated quiet aircrafts and methodical growth;
expanding
beyond its current operating level would be risky. Since Porter Airline charges low cost to
customers,
the high volume of customers will offset company's profit margin. There will be a need for more
funding if Porter Airline decides to expand its business; which they would be a requirement to hire
more people, purchase more aircrafts and pay more landing fees to destination airports. In order
to maintain its high quality

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