Six Sigma And Project Management

Six Sigma and Project Management
Six Sigma and Project Management
Project Management in Business and Technology, Section 02
Introduction
"Sigma" is a symbol for a unit of measure which measures how much a process deviates from
perfection. With the increase in demand for quality products/services, several organizations look for
ways to improve their performance to meet customer's expectations. Six Sigma is considered to be
an approach which blends the components of quality management and business process re–
engineering. Six Sigma's aim is to increase the efficiency and remove waste, thereby increasing the
customer satisfaction. There are many myths about Six Sigma:
a) It's only concerned with reducing defects
b) It is a process for production
c) It can't be applied to engineering activities
d) It is just a training process
e) It is a new concept
History of Six Sigma
Since 1920's the term 'sigma' is used by mathematician's measurement unit in product quality
measurement. In mid–1980's, engineers at Motorola Inc. coined the term Six Sigma which they used
it informally as an in–house initiative to increase the quality for reducing the defects in the
production process. Initially the engineers measured the defects in terms of thousands which
gradually increased to 'defects per million'. This prompted the use of 'Six Sigma' technology and
idea of branding Six Sigma. A company is Six Sigma certified if it could limit its flaws up to 3.4
defects per million.
In 1991, Motorola introduced his first
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Bang & Bang : Technological System
With the assistance of Skyline Technologies, Bang & Bang hopes to implement a technological
system which will enable the company to host a more efficient and effective throughput
manufacturing process. While Bang & Bang faces many challenges, Skyline Technologies will work
with the company to ensure that the needs of the business are being met. The system that Skyline
Technologies will help Bang & Bang implement will give the company a competitive advantage,
making them not only more efficient, but productive and profitable as well. The main focus of any
business these days is to ensure productivity and efficiency are at their peak while maximum profits
are being made. By adapting this business strategy, Bang & Bang will be able to achieve these goals.
By focusing on the main challenges that Bang & Bang faces, Skyline Technologies needs to develop
a solution that will be easy to implement, but still meet the needs of the business. Adapting a
solution that has been tried and found effective, Skyline can ensure that the system in place will
work effectively for the team. The system also needs to be easily adaptable by Bang & Bang's
current infrastructure. Skyline needs to suggest a system that is easy to use among all members of
the team. Since such a high level of security is placed on the inventory, introducing a system that
can cut down on tedious and repetitive features of the inventory process will also assist with the
transition. In order to ensure that the most

The History and Role of Six Sigma and Lean in the...
The human race has made leaps and bounds in manufacturing of goods needed not only to survive,
but to make our lives easier and more efficient. From the earliest recorded history, man has made the
tools he needed to survive or gain a completive advantage. In the not too distant past, 100 years or
so, we had skilled craftsman who had specific skills and talents. In a small town you would have a
blacksmith, a tailor, a farmer, etc. Each of these people learned their skills through years of
apprenticeships, and the items they made were unique. Their processes often took months or even
years to complete. Since these times we as a society have progressed from craftsmanship to
assembly lines. Even now we have robotic manufacturing, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
"The term Six Sigma was coined by Bill Smith in 1986, while at Motorola. It was coined as a target
for defect–free product manufacturing. The term was derived from the idea that process capability
can be described by product or service deviation from specification." ("Six Sigma Basics").
Although this theory turned in to what we now know as Six Sigma, the origins of statistical process
control can be traced to Walther Shewart and Edward Deming. Walter Shewart was an engineer,
physicist and statistician. He theorized that there are two causes of variation which will lead to
decreased product quality. These two causes are the assignable cause, (special–cause variation) and
chance–cause (common cause variation). Assignable Cause variation is an unpredictable,
unanticipated problem within the manufacturing system. Chance Cause variation is a well–known
error or cause that can effect a manufacturing process. Shewart created control charts, focusing on
bringing a manufacturing process "under control." This would only leave chance cause variation,
and keeping this in control a company and predict and manage their processes cost effectively and
economically (Akpose).
Deming was

Definition Of Total Quality Management
Total Quality Management is the concept of processes and integration all of functions in an
organization in order that to focus on quality control and approach to long–term success will
continue improvement in all aspects but not short– term goal. TQM of business plan began in 1980
in the United States. It was popular until early 1990. Nowadays, in the small business to large
business, including restaurant and fast food businesses that used system quality standards to manage
the organization because they believed in the quality of the standard is bringing them business
growth in worldwide (Lakhe & Mohanty 1993, pp.9–10). However, variation is the normal issues of
concern in total quality management that affect on almost every key performance measure and
everyday activities in the workplace. TQM should understand of variation. By the way, TQM rule
point on Quality Circle help the employees in solving the problem related to their job. They are
small or voluntary group only 8 to 10 members' work together at the same workplace. On this
implement is useful for employee because they have the same issues in their daily work (Jorethang
et al. n.d.). At the one side of management issue faced that point to Six Sigma methodology is the
implementation of strategy that focuses on developing, process improvement and variation reduce.
The process of Six Sigma use of two sub–methodologies: DMAIC and DMADV. Those tools are
common implement for the improvement system used to develop new

Amman / Jordan
Advanced Quality Applications Six Sigma
MBA 774 Dr. Abdallah Abdallah Introduction
Certified Six Sigma Black Belt Exam / ASQ
Six Sigma enterprise wide deployment Business process management Project management Six
Sigma – Define Six Sigma – Measure Six Sigma – Analyze Six Sigma – Improve Six Sigma –
Control Lean enterprise Design for Six Sigma Total 6% 6% 10% 6% 20% 15.3% 14.7% 10% 6%
6% 100% 9 9 15 9 30 23 22 15 9 9 150 (a 4 hour test)
2
Six Sigma Enterprise–wide deployment
What is Six Sigma?
Six sigma is a highly disciplined process that focuses on developing and delivering near perfect
products and services consistently Six sigma is also a management strategy to use statistical tools
and project work to achieve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For a large company, there is usually one master black belt per 100 black belts.
16
According to the Six Sigma Academy, Black Belts save companies approximately $230,000 per
project and can complete 4 to 6 projects per year. General Electric, one of the most successful
companies implementing Six Sigma, has estimated benefits on the order of $10 billion during the
first five years of implementation. GE first began Six Sigma in 1995 after Motorola and Allied
Signal blazed the Six Sigma trail. Since then, thousands of companies around the world have
discovered the far reaching benefits of Six Sigma.
17
Why Six Sigma works
Bottom line results
Senior management is involved
A disciplined approach is used (DMAIC)

Short project completion time
Clearly defined measures of success
Infrastructure of trained individuals (black belts, green belts)
Customers and processes are the focus
A sound statistical approach is used
18
When Six Sigma should be used and when it should not be used
Pure Six Sigma approach achieves the best results if it is implemented by high performance
organizations Medium and low performance companies should consider more 'basic' techniques to
pick up 'low hanging fruit'
A decision on Six Sigma might be negative if the following conditions exist
The company already has a strong, effective

The Effect of Lean Six Sigma on the Employee and the...
The Effect of Lean Six Sigma on the Employee and the Organization
MGMT – 500
Abstract
Lean Six Sigma is a methodology that creates processes within an organization to cut waste and
improve the company's performance. However, studies have shown that over the past decade
applying Lean Manufacturing and Six Sigma can create problems for companies financially and
potential problems for employees. Companies should take great care before implementing a Lean
Six Sigma solution because in some instances, going lean can do more harm than good both
financially for the organization as well as destroying employee loyalty and moral. The Effect of
Lean Six Sigma on the Employee and the Organization The methodology of Lean Six Sigma is the
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Occasionally, even the successes are not wholly attributed to the Lean Six Sigma process. The
question currently being asked, are United States companies doing poorly with lean and is lean
faltering? Studies over the past 10 years have shown that United States companies are not only
doing poorly, but that they have become worse over the past five to seven years (Schonberger, 2007,
p.22). Lean Manufacturing was a brilliant idea that achieved great success with car manufacturers
like Toyota. However, these practices have actually hurt many organizations when companies
attempt to apply them internally to certain practices. Too many companies have attempted to correct
problems internally using certain lean methods that should only be applied to manufacturing.
Companies have applied the Lean Six Sigma approach to cut waste within the organization by
reducing raw materials, work–in–progress and finished goods inventory. Companies have also
streamlined their own employees reducing headcount and hiring or retraining remaining staff that
can perform many tasks instead of specific jobs. In–fact, organizations that have applied Lean Six
Sigma and Lean Manufacturing internally are still seeing losses. Companies have neglected to look
externally for waste instead of constantly focusing on internal processes and problems. Creating
these reductions, companies are actually seeing two to 10 times more lead–time externally than
internally (Schonberger, 2007, p.

Wal-Mart's Performance Improvement Project Essay
Wal–Mart's Performance Improvement Project
Wal–Mart has difficulty developing and implementing a process that can improve the product
material quality since there are so many vendors, manufacturers and international companies
involved. They need to implement a set of standards that every company needs to adhere to by
setting acceptable standards that must be met across the board whether the company is a local
business or a foreign company. Most of the material defective products come from overseas. The
process that can afford the opportunity to fix this dilemma is the process known as Six Sigma. This
method is designed to manage process variations which cause defects. The concept of this process is
to take an already established ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are six steps involved in the use of Six Sigma.
"Step #1 – Identify the product you create or the service you provide
In other words ... WHAT DO YOU DO?
Step #2 – Identify the Customer(s) for your product or service, and determine what they consider
important i.e. Customer Requirements
In other words ... WHO USES YOUR PRODUCT AND SERVICES?
Step #3 – Identify your needs (to provide product/service so that it satisfies the Customer)
In other words ... WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO YOUR WORK?
Step #4 – Define the process for doing your work
In other words ... HOW DO YOU DO YOUR WORK?
Step #5 – Mistake–proof the process and eliminate wasted efforts using...
In other words ... HOW CAN YOU DO YOUR WORK BETTER?
Step #6 – Ensure continuous improvement by measuring, analyzing and controlling the improved
process using
DMAIC – (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Contro/)
In other words ... HOW PERFECTLY ARE YOU DOING YOUR CUSTOMER–FOCUSED
WORK?
Step 6(continued): Ensure continuous improvement by measuring, analyzing and controlling the
improved process from Step #5" (Winings, 2005)
Six Sigma Methodologies
This process has at least 4 types of methodology to improve existing business processes or create
new product design processes. These processes have some areas in common while slightly changing
some of the basic phases of the process. The first two

Understanding The Control Quality Control
ENTERPRISES PROJECT MANAGEMENT
REFLECTIVE JOURNAL #3
UNIT 4 "QUALITY CONTROL"
NAME– SARABDEEP SINGH STUDENT ID– C0661489 COURSE– EPM 2092 PROFESSOR–
BOB XOURAFUS
MOTIVE– The main objective of studying this unit is to understand the control quality process. In
addition to this, we will also study in depth the seven basic quality tools that are data table,
Histogram, Pareto Diagram, scatter diagram, trend analysis and run chart.
REFLECTION– as per EPM 2092 study notes provided by Bob, Control quality is a process
monitoring and recording the results of execution of quality activities to access the performance and
recommending necessary changes. In other words, during quality control process the project team
will analyze project results (which includes both deliverables and the management processes
followed) to meet the specific quality standards and if something is wrong (that means it is not
meeting the quality standards set by the stakeholders and organization as written in project
management plan) then make it under control by taking corrective, preventive or defect repair
action. In addition to this we will to make use of quality tools and techniques which will help us to
analyze if the project results are meeting the quality standards.

Dissertation Review Essay
Assignment 4
Dissertation Review
By
Gary Evan Mair
An assignment submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for DISS–725 course as part of
the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Information Systems
Graduate School of Computer and Information Sciences
Nova Southeastern University
DISS–725– The System Development Process
Fall 2013
Professor: Dr. Yair Levy
Due: December 10, 2013
2013
Title of the Dissertation: Responsibility Factors of Reducing Inefficiencies in Information System
Processes and Their Role on Intention to Acquire Six Sigma Certification
Author of the Dissertation: Sara Hejazi
Major Professor/Advisor of the Dissertation: Dr. Yair Levy
Year degree awarded: 2009
Institution & ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The third area of the paper used the GB's perceived responsibility matrix to identify the contribution
of each GB candidate and thereby use that to determine how motivated they would be to obtain GB
certification. According to Sheehi (2011) the green belt candidate is said to differ from the Black
Belt Candidate only by nature of being part time. Consequently they should possess the same level
of knowledge and statistical skills as the Black Belt.
Question: What evidence was presented to support the research and achieve the research goal?
Answer:
The literature review explains the challenges faced and the approach that was taken to mitigate the
problem of a shortage of research in the required areas. Their literature suggested that as long as
there was enough information in the high quality peer–reviewed journals, a study could be
performed. Additionally the study was broadened by using lesser known journals that were still of a

high quality. IS process studies were used to validate the findings and also to define key terms such
as efficiency and process and how they tie together.
Question: What research methodology used and who claims this methodology is valid ?
Answer:
The methodology used was a two phased approach based on the research of Straub (1989) and Levy
(2006). The first phase consisted of a web based open ended questionnaire that was used to develop
a theoretical framework for determining the GB candidates

Company Seamless Tubes R Us
Introduction The company Seamless Tubes R US has been in business for 50 years providing
excellent service in the tube manufacturing industry. It has provided products for avionics, nuclear,
sports and medicine. The company has had its trials and tribulations throughout its years of
business. The company in its heydays employed over 300 people that included bargaining and
white–collar personnel. The company is part of a global organization that has close to 50,000
employees worldwide. Tubes R US has an American corporate hub in New Jersey and the
organizations parent company is located in Sanviken, Sweden. The company's reputation for quality
and voice of the customers has set the bar high. 150 employees Manufacturing Seamless metallic
tube ISO 9001, Customer Audits, 100 % defect product checked . The Company Problems The
Company has had an increase of re–work and wasted time and money in the last few years due
poorly trained employees, aging work force and culture renovation. The company has not prepared
for skilled employee selection to replace the retiring aging workforce, where stringent job screening
for qualified and experienced personnel selection has not been implemented. The company does not
require higher education for production management, which leads to poor decision–making during
the hiring process of production personnel. The company is not consistent with holding management
accountable and management holding employees accountable.

Business Process and Lean Six Sigma
Know What Counts. Measure What Matters. Deliver Results. Lean Six Sigma and the Quest for
Continuous Improvement.
What if you could make innovation an integral part of your process? No one argues against
continuous improvement. The concept of improving results and performance on a continual basis is
universally hailed as a great idea. Doing it is another matter. First off, in order to improve
continuously, you have to improve initially. Sometimes it's easy to see the ﬂaws. Most of the time,
it's not. That's why business results are often a mixed bag: two steps forward, one step back,
sometimes better, sometimes worse. Simply stated, the goal is better, then better still.
Lean Six Sigma
1
A Hypothetical: Business Results Are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
And, the library's patrons deserved improved access to services and faster, easier access to
information. Using a disciplined approach of Lean Six Sigma, the Xerox Global Services team led
library administrators through a totally
fact–based analysis, seeking out core processes, making them controllable, and then automating
them. The Solution: A comprehensive Patron Access Management system that effectively merged
people, processes and technology. The most visible symbol of the system is a simple, plastic Access
Brooklyn Card (ABC) that provides patrons with better service and the library staff with more time.
With their ABC card, patrons can reserve a computer, add value to their library account, pay for
prints and copies, check out books and even pay library ﬁnes. Meanwhile, librarians and other staff
have time to do the jobs they were trained to do. "In this case, the solution involves a complex
system... But our experience in this sector and with Lean Six Sigma helped us know where – and
how – to look." – Charles Tippett Xerox Global Services, Business Development Manager
Lean Six Sigma
3
Value Becomes the Fabric

Bringing More Ideas to Market Faster and for Less
As knowledge and innovation become more–critical drivers of business success, the value of
intellectual property has never been higher. More than ever, companies now depend on bringing new
innovations to market quickly and efﬁciently. Xerox holds one of the world's largest portfolios of

Six Sigma
Int. J. Computer Aided Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 1, 2011
19
Implementation of Six Sigma in Indian industries – a Delphi study R.K. Padhy and S. Sahu*
Department of Industrial Engg. & Mgmt., Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur–721302, India
E–mail: rkpadhy@iem.iitkgp.ernet.in E–mail: sahus@mech.iitkgp.ernet.in *Corresponding author
R.K. Das
Department of Mechanical Engg., College of Engg. & Technology, Bhubaneswar–751003, India E–
mail: ranjitdas@gmail.com
Abstract: A Delphi study was carried out to review and analyse the critical issues that affect Six
Sigma initiatives in Indian context. This research is aimed at assisting Six Sigma management
professionals, researchers and organisations to gain a better ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Literature regarding the theory and implementation of Six Sigma has been reported by researchers
from many developed countries. Similar kind of studies in other parts of the world needs to be
carried out to understand various issues affecting Six Sigma implementation. Moreover, the report
on implementation of Six Sigma and its benefits in a developing country like India are rather scanty.
The purpose of this research is to assist Six Sigma management professionals and researchers in
gaining a better understanding of the critical factors that affect the successful implementation of Six
Sigma in Indian context. Considering both our research objective and the exploratory nature of the
study, decision was taken to use the Delphi approach, which seemed to be appropriate. A multi–
round Delphi study was designed to reach a consensus on various issues that affect the
implementation of Six Sigma. The outcome of the research will help to formulate strategies for
effective implementation of Six Sigma in Indian context. The broad objectives of the study are: to
find out the key drivers for the implementation of Six Sigma in the Indian organisations to
determine the key factors for successful implementation of Six Sigma initiatives to identify
problems faced by Indian industries in implementing Six Sigma and its solutions
Implementation of Six Sigma in Indian industries to find out the future challenges of Six

Reflection Of Spiderman Homecoming
Spiderman Homecoming is a 2017 American superhero movie based from Marvel's fictional
character, Spiderman. It was directed by John Watts and starred by Tom Holland who portrayed as
Peter Parker or the man inside the Spiderman suit. The movie started with Peter Parker, who is
inside the Spiderman suit, vlogs about his training and how he get drafted to Avenger by Tony Stark,
who is in the suit of Iron Man. However, Parker decided to resume his studies at the Midtown
School of Science and Technology in New York City. Stark then said that he is not ready to become
a full avenger. One night, Parker decided to be on his Spiderman suit and saw some guys who
attempted to rob the bank. Spiderman then stops them but he somewhat get hurt because the ...
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I applaud Holland's role as Peter Parker because he could be a lazy student and at the same time, a
great hero who could save the city. It had some entertaining actions which won't lead the audience to
be bored. Their all act naturally. They have the facial expression that is right for the character they
are portraying. The plot have some great twists which we never knew would happen or would even
shock us like Adrian Toomes being revealed as Liz's father. These special effects even made the
movie more interesting and colorful. In terms of script, those were so hilarious. They minimized
saying foul words. They said the script clearly so that we could understand what they are saying.
Overall, I give the movie a 4 stars over 5. This is one the best movies I have ever watched in
cinemas. From start to finish, it was hilarious. From Peter Parker's vlog until Aunt May discovered
Peter being Spiderman. The line "If you are nothing without that suit, then you shouldn't have it." It
means that if you are nothing without something, you shouldn't have that. The explanation of that is
that if you want to be successful, you should not say that you are nothing without something. You
could still contribute without that thing. It teaches us to be your–self. Just because you don't have
that thing with you doesn't mean that you are completely nothing. It could be a test for you whether
you can do good without "that

Six Sigma Solve High Staff Turnover
Six Sigma
Case Study
Reducing Employee Turnover in a Hospital System
The Challenge
A three–facility hospital system was facing a challenge with employee turnover. Statistics showed
that almost 50 percent of terminations were employees in the first year of their employment, a
number that was more than 20 percent higher than the national average. The hospital system
estimated that terminations cost as much as $2.2 million annually, and that reducing terminations
could have significant impact on its bottom line by eliminating rework inside the hospital's HR
department. A Six Sigma team was brought together to examine the situation. After deciding this
was a top priority for the organization, the team began work on a DMAIC project to see ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lastly, the team found a number of hidden factors such as recruiters keeping the "best" applicants in
their office for future openings rather than filling them immediately. These issues indicated to the
team that there was not a good process in place for pooling qualified candidates when openings
became available. During the Analyze phase, the project team used FMEA and survey analysis tools
to narrow the project focus to four key areas: manager
evaluations to include ratings related to prescreening, learning more about the jobs for which they
are recruiting and turnover.
An applicant screening sheet to minimize the
Solution
Adjust the hiring process
number of unqualified applicants and to more clearly define each candidate's qualifications.
An interactive workshop for managers to
Benefits/Results
Estimated annual savings of $300,000 15% turnover reduction
show them how to use proper interviewing guidelines and screening criteria for all vacancies.
A standardized list of "cultural fit" questions.

Key Tools Used
FMEA Fishbone Diagram Process Flow Diagram C&E Matrix Attribute Gauge R&R Capability
Analysis Binary Logistic Regression Control Plan
The organization also decided to implement job shadowing in the department where there was the
highest turnover rate as a case study to

Design for Riordan Manufacturing
Design for Riordan Manufacturing
Steve Wernick
Introduction Riordan Manufacturing is a global leader in plastics manufacturing who employees
hundreds of people. Riordan manufactures plastic bottles, medical stents, fans, heart valves, and
they custom order plastics. In maintaining their competitiveness, they utilize the Six Sigma
methodology and are focused on long–term relationships with their customers as well as their
suppliers while achieving financial growth. In this paper, we will discuss the current state of
operations at Riordan and define the process for custom plastic pieces at their facility located in
Michigan. Finally, we will recommend some metrics that should provide improvements to their
process.
Process for Custom ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The supplies consist of ink, coloring dyes, solvent cleaners, lubricating oils, mold release agents,
and of course, electricity. They mention that they do not have the same supply chain problems that
other plants have.
Recommend appropriate metrics that would provide a basis for process improvement Metrics are
measurements that can be used to communicate values and priorities for the organization. Some of
the metrics that we are examining for Riordan manufacturing include process capability, total cycle
time, turnover rate, and review of their supply chain. Riordan uses the Six Sigma methodology as
part of the lean manufacturing process.
One recommendation is that Riordan should update their information systems to improve on
documentation of customer needs assessment. This will help to shape products and solutions that
will fit their customer needs. It also can help to improve communication within the supply chain
between participants as they are a global operation and perhaps cut costs in the area of carrier costs.
Implementation of the JIT can help manufacturers to purchase and receive supplies just before they
are needed. Thus it can reduce inventory storage costs for Riordan.
A second recommendation is that Riordan purchase new manufacturing equipment

Violence In The Tell Tale Heart
Violence comes from belief. A strong will to be heard, to be answered.Edgar Allen Poe wants to
explain how emotions grow, or how easily they take a turn and change by a simple action. For
example, a betrayal, a heartbreak, or sometimes a loss. It could have been that whatever created the
love between them died. It could have been that there was someone there that just tied them
together. It could have been that he truly was mad. But for every answer there is a cause and an
effect, a push and a pull. In the in "The Tell Tale Heart" the mad–man had a need so strong it drive
him to insanity, and to kill. One of the worst things the man felt was when passion and love left.
What was unusual was that he admitted he was ill. From the very beginning ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It was " For it was not the old man I felt I had to kill; it was the eye, His evil eye"(65). But a killer.
He walks in as a killer, menacing with the solid intent to harm the old sleeper. His blood ran colder
than ice that liesin winter streets. The eighth night when the hands of the clock were faster than his
hands he claimed to never feel stronger, and even more sure in what he intended to do. He pushed
the door and entered. Without fear, he approached the old sleeper's bed in the thick darkness . That
old sleeper awoke and exclaimed "who's there!" fear clear to the eyes as fog(65). An entire hour
passed with a unmoving killer. Imagine waking, so sure of a presence you can't witness. Could the
old sleeper know deep down that those could have been his final moments? The sleeper sat there
listening for a killer, understanding that his own grim reaper was at his door. When the killer struck,
the sleeper's face was invisible to him, only that pale blue vulture eye. clock –like, pounding,
fearful, was the sound of the old sleeper's heart. As the beating grew so did the mad man's anger. He
used his covers as a shield willing it save him from the unsavable. After so many shattering minutes
that old sleeper's finally lost the battle to the mad man. Saying he could no longer hear the beating
heart the mad man held his head to where once laid a beating

Implementing lean six sigma for process improvement Essay
IMPLEMENTING LEAN SIX SIGMA FOR PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
ILI MARINI BT ZAINAL ABIDIN
1. ABSTRACT
Lean Six Sigma approach is recognized widely and has been implemented predominately in
manufacturing rather than other industries. To illustrate the point, this paper draws attention to the
adoption of Lean Six Sigma in various industries with a case study. The combination of Lean tools
and Six Sigma methodology is used to improve the process and quality by eliminating the variations
and creating workflow in a process. The hypothesis of this study was that the Six Sigma technique
can be used along with lean tools in order to improve process and quality in any area of industries.
The review of case study discovered the use of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In order to achieve the goals, there are several tools and methods have been introduced in lean
production. The tools and methods are including:
5S's
Visual controls
Facilities layout
Pull production (also described as kanban or just–in–time)
Single minute exchange of dies (SMED)
Total productive maintenance
Source inspection
Continuous improvement (also known as kaizen)
3.2 Six Sigma
The concept of Six Sigma was developed in the early 1980's at Motorola Corporation (Harry and
Schroeder, 2000). Six Sigma can be defined as a statistical measure of the performance of a process
or product (Kumi et. al., 2006). It is used as a quality control mechanism, which seeks to reduce
defects or variations in a process to 3.4 per million opportunities thereby optimizing output and
increasing customer satisfaction (Sambhe, 2012). Sigma is representing the standard deviation, a
unit of measurement that designates the distribution or spread about the mean of a process (Six
Sigma Academy, 2002). In addition, the Six Sigma uniquely driven by close understanding of
customer needs, disciplined use of fact, data, and statistical analysis, and diligent attention to
managing improving, and reinventing business processes (Pande, P., et. al. 2000). The Six Sigma

methodology uses statistical tools to identify the factors that matter most for improving the quality
of processes and generating bottom–line results. The Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure,

Doctor Octopus : Dr. Otto Gunther Octavius
Brandon Champion
English 12
5–22–17
Ms. Reider
Doctor Octopus
Dr. Otto Gunther Octavius, known as Doctor Octopus, is a supervillain that has been in comic books
published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in Amazing Spider–Man #3 which was released
July, 1963 by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. Otto Octavius was raised in an oppressive household, with
an overprotective mother, and a harsh, abusive father. His mother encouraged the young Otto,
already a good student, to push himself in school, in the hopes that he would have a better life than
his factory worker father. Otto was awarded a scholarship for university, shortly before his father
died in a workplace accident. Becoming obsessed with schoolwork after his father's death, Otto
applied himself even harder to his studies in science. He graduated and got work with an
engineering firm, soon becoming a respected nuclear physicist and research consultant, as well as
working as an inventor and lecturer. He soon developed a remarkable invention– a chest harness that
connected the wearer to four mechanical arms. This invention earned him a new nickname: Doctor
Octopus. Around this time, he became involved with a fellow researcher, Mary Alice Anders, to
whom he eventually proposed marriage. However, the happy couple was broken up by Otto's
mother, who disapproved of the young bride. Otto broke off the engagement at his mother's behest,
but she died soon after in the middle of an argument with her son. Having lost all of his social

The Business Strategy Of Mazzella Companies
To remain competitive, Mazzella Companies is continuously looking for ways to drive efficiencies
throughout our operations and manufacturing processes. Extending Lean manufacturing principles
and practices while establishing a platform for continuous improvement and quality is necessity to
improving efficiencies. Mazzella Companies knows that tight cycle times and quick time to market
with strong product quality helps drive market share and customer satisfaction. Unfortunately, a
disconnection exists between our executive leadership's business goals and the current operational
structure and manufacturing systems, causing product variability and waste and underutilization of
resources and equipment which will only become more acute as the company continues to grow and
our product offerings expand. The operations team's main focus is to increase capacity while
reducing costs, but cycle time can never come at the expense of producing high quality products and
services. Creating efficiency calls for directed operations and manufacturing that reduces production
variability in cycle time, enforces best practices, and insists on error proofing. Processes must be
imposed and monitored to guarantee execution against best practices. In addition, our production
scheduling and General Managers need a way to synchronize product volume and configuration
with actual manufacturing capacities, which drives throughput and increases asset utilization while
lowering inventory costs. In the

Essay about Six sigma
Xingdi Xu Six Sigma Quality Planning Hmoework0909
Chapter 1
1. Define satellite–level metrics for a for–profit company, nonprofit organization, school, religious
organization, or political organization.
Answer: In a for–profit company, satellite–level metrics focus on the financials including key
elements such as dividend payment, stock price increase, ROE (return on equity), sales growth, OI
(operating income) growth, earning per share, debt service charge, P/E (price to earnings) ratio,
economic profit, ROIC (return on invested capital) and people development. ... Show more content
The former Spanish national and Real Madrid coach headed the Chinese national team in 20
matches and lost 11, including the early loss in the 2014 World Cup Qualifier last year and a
consecutive three losses in friendly matches in June.)
3. Describe customers for the organization chosen in Exercise 1.1 (Exercise 1 in Chapter 1). Build a
strategy for determining the VOC and tracking how well their needs are fulfilled.
Answer: Customer for a for–profit organization refers to who is relative to the profit of each
member of supply chain with the products or the service provided by the organization including the
end user and the component suppliers. Most of them do not complain, however, if their expectation
is not fulfilled, they get unsatisfied. And they would be quite satisfied when they get wow quality
service/product.
The VOC is assessed at two levels: the high level (satellite level) and the project level (e.g. 30,000–
foot level). For the project level, tools such as QFD (quality function deployment) and Cause–and–
effect Matrix can be used to collect the VOC. Or when the tools are too complicated for the project,
a survey towards the customer can be used. First conduct brainstorming sessions and list all
expected features, problem resolutions, and so forth. Then develop customer satisfaction survey
questions. Though satisfaction is infinitely variable, for practical reasons, a satisfaction scale would
need to be limited. The

Similarities And Differences Between Six Sigma, Lean, And...
The Similarities and Differences of Six Sigma, Lean, and Kaizen
Six Sigma, Lean, and Kaizen are all strategies that hold their roots in business for the positive
improvement of functions for particular entities. These strategies are unique in their global
applicability and specific processes and yet similar with regard to the manner in which they are
structured. They can be applied to improve processes for anything from large scale manufacturing to
something as simple as gardening. The purpose of this paper is to introduce these individual
strategies and then illustrate the similarities and differences among them.
Individual Strategies
Six Sigma was first introduced in the 1980's by none other than Motorola. It was not however
necessarily a novel concept at the time so much as it drew from a conglomerate of proven
manufacturing principles. It is strikingly similar to the scientific method in design. Six Sigma
approaches areas that may not necessarily be viewed as problematic with an open mind. It seeks to
analyze problems or questions with a stepwise, statistical, and quantitative focus in order to
discover, fix, or disprove problems that may or may not exist within a process. By doing this Six
Sigma can improve efficiency and therefore improve positive outcomes for whatever the endpoint
may be (Mast, Bisgaard, & others, 2007).
Lean is a similar concept to Six Sigma. It is a method designed to improve a process to ultimately
save value in some way. Lean was originally

Essay about Managing Quality Improvement in Healthcare
Managing Quality Improvement in Healthcare Healthcare providers strive to improve service
quality by implementing various quality management programs. Customers tend to seek for higher
quality of care when choosing treatments, providers, and health plans. For healthcare organizations
that desire to provide high quality care and compete in the global market, choosing a quality
management program to implement is critical for performance and efficiency. Many studies have
been conducted to analyze the effectiveness of such programs. Lean, Six Sigma and Total Quality
Management (TQM) are three programs that will reviewed by three different case studies in efforts
to understand them and to compare and contrast their capabilities.
Lean
In a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Delphi panel stressed the importance of regular performance measuring to ensure improvements
are sustained. When staff understood the reasons behind the changes and how they improved the
productivity and quality of care for patients, they were more likely to sustain the implementations.
Developing a culture with the appropriate elements to support continuous improvement was seen as
vital to see success with the lean methodologies.
Six Sigma A quantitative study conducted by Lifvergren, Gremyr, Hellstrom, Chakhunashvili, and
Bergman (2010) analyzed the experiences and from a hospital group during a three–year period after
the introduction of Six Sigma. It reports on 22 large Six Sigma improvement projects, their results
and influence on other improvement activities. The study shows that 75% of the completed projects
reached their goals within 18 months. The average net cost savings per completed project/year was
$55,300. Overall, the results showed that Six Sigma is a useful concept when trying to improve
healthcare processes. They recommend that Six Sigma should be an addition to the improvement
practices used in healthcare development initiatives. It was also observed that the Six Sigma
program can create much organizational pull regarding quality management and improvement
efforts if teamwork is applied.
TQM
Yasin and Alavi (1999) conducted a quantitative study to determine if Total Quality Management
(TQM) can produce quality improvement

Intercontinental Hotels Group Plc
InterContinental Hotels Group PLC
"We had very ambitious goals for reducing our operational costs. These solutions allowed us to not
only meet our financial goals, but significantly and measurably improve our end–user satisfaction
and service." Eric Hardaway
VP, Applied Technology
Xerox helps slash operational costs and improve end–user satisfaction for a leading global
hospitality group.
There's a new way to look at it.
®
Travel & Leisure
Case StudyClient Profile
(IHG) is the world's most global hotel company and the largest by number of rooms. The Group has
more than 3,500 owned, leased, managed, and franchised hotels and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They helped us discover solutions we may not have seen on our own."
Eric Hardaway
VP, Applied Technology
T H E P O W E R O F X E R O X LEAN SIX SIGMA
Using Lean Six Sigma, Xerox was able to take an "intangible" (like end–user satisfaction) and
correlate it to something "tangible" (like fix time).
The rigorous methodology helped establish the current state, identify root causes for the high costs,
and provided a fact–based business case to justify future investments.
As the project moved through its five phases (Define, Measure, Analyze,
Implement and Control) of Lean Six
Sigma methodology, a rigorous tollgate process after each phase ensured a shared vision,
expectations, and metrics among the customer's IT departments, operations groups, and Xerox.For
information on the solutions and services that Xerox can provide, visit
www.xerox.com/globalservices The Results
The Xerox Global Services team helped streamline IHG's Helpdesk service, significantly reducing
on–site visits and average IT fix times. Plus, with an inclusive upgrade to all their standard operating
systems, IHG now incurs lower costs and has improved end–user satisfaction. These solutions have
created a predictable environment in which IHG

The Success And Failure Of Implementing Six Sigma
The driving factors for a success or failure of implementing Six Sigma is largely dependent on the
inputs set forth at the conception and duration of the integration. This whitepaper will compare and
contrast these critical inputs for a successful deployment. In order to accomplish this five various
companies: GE Electric, W.R. Grace, Royal Chemicals, Diversified Paper and Lemforder. Some of
these organizations had very successful results while others failed to reach their full potential. What
is clear is the similarities of those that succeed and those that failed.
Successful deployment of Lean Six Sigma is often considered a function of the inputs with those
being shown below in figure 1.1. As the companies are evaluated keep in mind those critical X's are
often evaluated as the function Y = f(X) or Outputs = f(Inputs). In other words by controlling the
inputs an organization can predict the output of the Lean Six Sigma implementation. This point is
key when evaluating the difference between successful and not–so–successful implementations.
Add info. about what companies were successful.
We will now evaluate the for mentioned companies and break down their respective attempts at
implementing Lean Sigma. The first input we will evaluate is the Leadership Commitment to
successful deployment. In 1995 GE Electric, at the time a very financially stable organization, the
current CEO Jack Welch provided direction to the entire organization would be embarking on Six

Summer Internship Report on Madura Garments
Project Report On Improving Service Level for Institutional Sales SUBMITTED FOR THE
PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF POST GRADUATE DIPLOMA IN INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT
(PGDIM) By Puneet Verma Roll No. 105 PGDIM – 18 Under the guidance of [pic] National
Institute of Industrial Engineering (NITIE), Vihar Lake, P.O. NITIE, Mumbai 400 087 Date of
Submission: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Certificate of Supervision This is to certify that Puneet Verma, student of
PGDIM, Batch No. 18 has successfully completed the project titled – "Improving Service Level for
Institutional Sales", under the guidance of Mrs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Methodology...........................................................................................................24 5.1: Understand
the current market and business scenario......................................25 5.1.1: Market Scenario:
......................................................................................25 5.1.2: Agent Performance:
................................................................................. 29 5.1.3: Business processes:
................................................................................. 30 5.1.4: Key Points:
.............................................................................................. 35 5.2: Ascertain the current service
level of the system............................................ 36 5.3: Identifying and Defining
Problems................................................................. 37 5.3.1: Fishbone Diagram:
................................................................................. 37 5.3.2: Cause and Effect Matrix:
........................................................................ 38 5.3.3: Failure Mode Effect
Analysis:..................................................................39 5.3.4: Principal

Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Essay example
Emergency Department Bottleneck Proposal Middletown Hospital is a 200–bed, not–for–profit–
general hospital that has an emergency department with 20 emergency beds. The emergency
department handles on an average 100 patients per day. The hospital's CEO has authorized the Six
Sigma Team (SST) to address complaints received from patients seeking treatment between 6:00
p.m. and 10:00 p.m. The complaints are centered on waiting times and poor service. During this
time the data indicates that approximately 70% of the department's admissions occur (University of
Phoenix, 2009, Course Syllabus). To address these complaints and improve performance of the
emergency department the Six Sigma Team must understand process improvement proposals. ...
Data collection can be subdivided into three categories with service type, department, and floor. This
collection of data is valuable tool that managers need to have in order to understand the flow of
business within each department. With the collection of data it will allow managers to calculate the
volumes of patients during specific times. The SST will require data collected from all computers
used to monitor access to the admission system. Additional data will have specific times at which
the patient reported to various stations of treatment, and when the patient was discharged. A
multivariate trend forecasting method will be more appropriate in this setting; the use of multiple
variables about the item being forecasted allows seasons and cycles to be combined with other
variables and improve forecast accuracy (Langabeer, 2008). This will give operation managers
better forecasting abilities as they will be able to see trends. Finally, the SST will need to analyze the
amount of resources or assets available to serve demand (Langabeer, 2008). Quantitative data
needed to measure capacity will include: the number of available beds and treatment rooms, the
number of key providers and other staff available at each point of care between 6:00 p.m. and 10:00
p.m., and availability of key medical technologies and equipment. Examples of key medical
equipment are diagnostic imaging, X–ray and laboratory equipment.
Methods to Analyze
The first step in analyzing the

Lean Six Sigma Reference Material Essay
QUESTION 1 Quality is primarily related to satisfaction viewpoint of
Customer Manufacturer Service provider General public all of above
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QUESTION 2 BPR stands for
Business Process Restructuring Business Process Redefining Business Process Reengineering all of
the above none of the above
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QUESTION 3 Six Sigma relates to
Radical redesign align, improve and maintain remove waste all of the above none of the above ...
–––––––––––––––––––– QUESTION 15 CAP stands for
Change Acceleration Process Continous Acceleration Process Continous Action Process Change
Acceleration Project none of the above
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QUESTION 16 Effectiveness of a solution is equal to
Quality of a Solution 20% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 80% Quality of a Solution 80% (x)
Acceptability of the Solution 20% Quality of a Solution 10% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 90%
Quality of a Solution 90% (x) Acceptability of the Solution 10% none of the above
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QUESTION 17 SIPOC as a tool displays a cross–functional set of activities in a single and simple
diagram which
Helps us identify process inputs (Xs) and outputs (Ys) Helps us identify process owner, customers
& suppliers Helps us identify & establish boundaries for the process all of the above none of the
above

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QUESTION 18 Flowchart which categorises the flow according to the departments/ people
performing it is
Deployment flowchart Alternate Path Flowchart Process Flowchart all of the above none of the
above
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
QUESTION 19

Essay about Operation Management
1.0 Introduction Customer call centers are increasingly playing a crucial role in providing higher
customer satisfaction (Anton, 1997). Many business organizations have invest heavily in call centers
as they see it as an effective way to keep customer satisfied as well as gaining competitive
advantages. The purpose of this study is to critically access the operational method and strategies
adopted in a technical support department of a call center in order to provide maximum customer
satisfaction. The selected organization is a multinational information technology (IT) corporation
from the United State. The company provides IT related hardware and services to home and
business users across 120 countries. It has about hundred thousand ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
2.1 Technical support department The technical support department consists of sixty technical
support representatives (TSR) that divided into five teams. The primary role of TSR is to diagnose
and provide guidance and solution to customers that are having issue with their devices. The contact
method is via inbound calls where customers dial into a given toll free number. The department is in
charge of twelve countries in Asia pacific. The department is not a revenue generator but it plays a
significant role in providing customer satisfaction. It works hand in hand with sales and marketing,
and customer service department as the customer facing role. 2.2 Who are the customers?
Customers are users with issue or problem with their purchased devices. Normally, customers who
dialed into technical support are in dissatisfied, impatient, frustrated or helpless stages due to the
issues they are having with their devices. Thus, their expectation and demand are often high and
seek to get the problem solved immediately. Thus, speed and service quality become the critical
order winning factors. Slack et al. (2010) noted that order winning factors are those things which
directly and significantly contribute to winning business. Price is a less important factor at this point
because customers have already paid for the service package upon purchased of the device. 2.21
Speed The speed mentioning here refers to two things; Firstly, how

Ge Two Decade Transformation
GE's Two–decade Transformation Jack Welch's Leadership Managing Konwledge and Learning
(#9–399–150) ANALYSIS of GE Advantage, Problems and risks including my suggestion/ * (1) GE
*Key factors*: Hardware restructure*: When Reg Jones, Welch' Predecessor, became CEO in 1973,
the company organization was just completed to be centralized, but Jones could not able to keep up
with reviewing massive volume of information generated by 43 strategic plans. Finally in 1977, he
capped GE's departments, divisions, groups, and SBUs with a new organizational layer called
"sectors", which represented macrobusiness agglomerations. Under a economic recession, high
interest and highest unemployment, Welch as new CEO targeted "better than the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
(5) Boundaryless* organization*: Welch also pursued integrated diversity not only in vertical point
of views, but also horizontal point of views. Overall organization and beyond sectional positions,
employees communicate and support each other. His great jobs was to create such a cooperative
atmosphere overall the company. It was not easy to replace the culture in international large
company beyond traditional culture, individualism and countries own cultures. The other points is
that horizontal cooperation might be ideal to create business opportunities, but easy to keep in the
large company which had hierarchical levels. His smaller attempts were effective. Moreover, his
leadership changed overall employees mindsets. *(6) GE' S*ystem lock–in: Confident quick
decision and long–term strategy also shifted profit composition from traditional industries (hard) to
services (soft) additional to improvement of the productivity. That mean beyond a manufacturer and
a simple sales promoter, the company combined the good and the service to obtain more customers
satisfaction as solution provider. This solution providing was so competitiveness that no body could
not catch up GE. This enabled GE to reach the position in the System lock–in of the delta model. (7)
QAC (Quality control = the firmer customer's satisfaction (Strengthen at Customer' bonding)):
Quality control for products and services under six sigma required huge investment ($500

Allentown Materials Corporation
The analysis of the Allentown Materials Corporation case study reveals a number of issues mostly
related to the untimely death of a respected leader, the subsequent change in leadership, and also the
management style of the newly appointed upper–level managers. This paradigm shift in operational
management strategy is one of the root causes of the conflict between departments, absence of
teamwork, and low morale. Additionally, radical changes are required to bring Allentown Materials
Corporation into a new era of manufacturing and ensure their continued success in the marketplace.
The willingness to change is critical in a manufacturing organization where the means of
maintaining a competitive advantage change frequently. (ReVelle) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
We can also make comparisons between Six Sigma and the different Japanese methodologies and
draw a number of conclusions...
Six Sigma addresses half of the revolutionary change required for Allentown Materials Corporation
to remain competitive in the ever–changing manufacturing marketplace. The second component of
the change required involves giving the entire organization a shared vision for the future which
plays strongly on the core competencies of the Allentown Materials Corporation. The strength of
Allentown Materials Corporation lies with its research and development, and manufacturing
divisions. Part of this change will come about as Six Sigma is adapted and implemented at the
Allentown Materials Corporation. Employees at all levels of the organization will recognize the
potential benefits and rewards including increased job security, new opportunities with the company,
and better performance evaluations and pay increases. Additionally, employees will be aware that if
the company is deriving benefits from Six Sigma these benefits will eventually trickle down to
them. (CIT) All of the new rewards and incentives will lend themselves to a shared vision within the
company. One aspect of particular importance of the Six Sigma methodology will be the effect of
training and teamwork on the various divisions. When a sense of teamwork is lacking the employees
have a tendency to focus on the productivity of their particular department or division and fail

Business And Process Conditions That Required The...
a. What were the business & and process conditions that required the application of a Lean
Transformation? Seat Belt manufacturer needed continuous improvement of their processes and to
maintain a sustainable growth of the company even during the times of economical depression of
2002–2003. They identified four processes within the company that needed improvement: –
Disruption of their delivery times – crowding of released work within company's premises – Periods
of low work and/or overtime hours due to released products overload – Line employees performing
inappropriately due to disruption on their responsibilities b. What examples illustrate the application
of the Four Stages of a Lean implementation? Their implementation of Lean followed the four
stages of the Lean Methodology Strategy exposed by Nash, Poling, & Ward (2006): Stage one: they
identified what areas were the ones that needed improvement in the company, so they can make an
assertive approach. at the same time, the trained the personnel on the Lean methodology, so
everyone can have a clear understanding of where they were heading on their processes/cultural
transformation. Stage two: their trainings where conducted on–site, so their employees could have a
clear understanding of the new methodology applying it to the processes in which they perform on
regular basis. Stage three: they implemented the new methodology using only one product line. This
"pilot" operation were later transferred to others

Alternative Strategy : Decision Making Strategy
Alternative Strategy:
In spite of the fact that the procedures ought to be apply to organizations like huge and little in view
of what is going on inside the organization. Be that as it may, for GE, obviously, the truth will
surface eventually if succeeds in turning GE or expand the sum much to the monetary area 's
disappointment. The key will be regardless of whether GE can persuade the up and coming era of
specialists and GE can keep on changing the world. In this way, to sustain the world some option
technique could be are
Strategy one: Decision Making Strategy:
Clients and suppliers need to manage individuals who can settle on choices and they need choices
set aside a few minutes outline. In the earlier century, organizations like GE ... Show more content
Rather than financing these activities away from public scrutiny they must be customized for self–
guided trusts and individual speculators so general society turns out to be a choice 's piece making
and in this way diminishing division.
Strategy two: Implementing Leadership Strategy:
GE is the ninth greatest and second most productive organization on the planet. The organization
was revived by impelling fearlessness and embracing instruments like workout and Change
Acceleration Process (CAP) to numerous specialty units in distinctive commercial enterprises. GE
was the first corporate to methodically apply various administration ideas. Its prosperity is
established in its developments of thoughts and administration ability around the gathering. The
solid execution of GE is its effective corporate portfolio administration.
Huge numbers of the vast specialty units of GE separate their yield with brilliant while they all the
while keep up low per unit cost operation. It embraced three inclusive development activities:
globalization, administrations and Six Sigma Quality. The power of globalization is reflected from
the way that GE incomes have grown 6% every year in the U.S. what 's more, 17%
comprehensively. GE drastically embraced Six Sigma Quality in its items, which fundamentally
changed general measures of working effectiveness. GE needs its each item and administration
intended for six sigma. Six Sigma for GE is installing quality considering, procedure

Analysis Of Ibm 's Six Sigma
INTRODUCTION
Six Sigma is a business management strategy originally developed by Motorola, USA in 1981. As of
2010, it enjoys widespread application in many sectors of industry, although its application is not
without controversy.
Six Sigma seeks to improve the quality of process outputs by identifying and removing the causes of
defects (errors) and minimising variability in manufacturing and business processes. It uses a set of
quality management methods, including statistical methods, and creates a special infrastructure of
people within the organisation ("Black Belts", "Green Belts", etc.) who are experts in these methods.
Each Six Sigma project carried out within an organisation follows a defined sequence of steps and
has quantified targets. These targets can be financial (cost reduction or profit increase) or whatever
is critical to the customer of that process (cycle time, safety, delivery, etc.).
Bill Smith first formulated the particulars of the methodology at Motorola in 1986. Six Sigma was
heavily inspired by six preceding decades of quality improvement methodologies such as quality
control, TQM, and Zero Defects, based on the work of pioneers such as Shewhart, Deming, Juran,
Ishikawa, Taguchi and others.
Like its predecessors, Six Sigma doctrine asserts that:
Continuous efforts to achieve stable and predictable process results (i.e., reduce process variation)
are of vital importance to business success.
Manufacturing and business processes have

Six Sigma @ the Edge
GHANA TELECOM UNIVERSITY AND COVENTRY UNIVERSITY ECM29EKM: Quality
Management and Six Sigma Individual Written Assignment–April 2013 IMLOs Covered: 1,2,3,4,5
Module Leader: Andrew Nunekpeku Submission Date
Two (2) weeks after the written examination date.
Assessment Guidelines
This coursework is worth 70% of the overall module marks. The assignment questions are based on
the main case. Supplements A and B provide useful insights into previous Six Sigma initiatives in
the organization. Preferably your write–up may not exceed 5000 ± 10% words. This coursework
should adopt academic conventions in terms of writing style, be supported by research, with proper
attribution of sources and be fully referenced. Do not submit an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Which group will feel the greatest impact if Six Sigma @ the Edge is implemented: managers,
supervisors or plant workforce?
2
Assessment Criteria
Criterion Content (Knowledge and Understanding) A–level quality Highly relevant content,
demonstrate an excellent standard of understanding and critical awareness of the subject matter.
Clear evidence of ability to select, critically evaluate, analyse and apply highly relevant sources,
accurately cited in the text. Presents an insightful and thorough analysis of all questions. Makes
appropriate and powerful connections between the case featured and the concepts studied Excellent
clarity of expression, consistently accurate use of grammar and spelling with fluent
professional/academic writing. Extremely well organized B–level quality Relevant content,
demonstrates commendable standard of understanding and critical awareness of the subject matter.
Very good evidence of selection and application of relevant sources, accurately cited in the text. C–
level quality Satisfactory content, demonstrates a reasonable standard of understanding and critical
awareness of the subject matter Evidence of some research and analysis, but gaps evident;
inconsistencies in citation practice. F–level quality Content fails to demonstrate adequate level of
understanding and critical awareness of the subject matter. Little or no evidence of reading or
application of research sources;

Performance Improvement: Lean or Six Sigma Essay
Performance Improvement: Lean or Six Sigma
Performance improvement is a constant focus in healthcare today to reduce costs and meet the
demands of value–based purchasing and healthcare reform. Healthcare organizations have
implemented various performance improvement methodologies to reduce operating expenses while
improving quality and patient outcomes (Betka, 2012). Many healthcare organizations have turned
to performance improvement methods such as Lean and Six Sigma to manage their costs,
productivity, customer needs, and operational growth (Betka, 2012).
The purpose of this paper is to discuss: (a) overall comparison of the Lean and Six Sigma
performance improvement methods, (b) steps involved in implementing Lean and Six Sigma, (c) ...
Today Six Sigma is found in many organizations, manufacturers, and businesses that strive to reduce
and eliminate defects.
Steps in Lean Methodology
According to the Lean Enterprise Institute (2009), the steps in implementing lean methodology are
as follows: (1) identify the value, (2) map the value stream, (3) create the flow, (4) establish pull;
and (5) seek perfection.
Lean methodology will focus on waste removal and improving flow time which results in less
variation and standard work (Kubiak & Benbow, 2009). The implementation of Lean techniques
involves frontline staff to identify the current state and determine what the ideal state should look
like. A value stream map is created to allow for identification of all steps in a process and where
waste exists (Dickson, Anguelov, Vetterick, Eller, & Singh, 2009). Ideas for improvement from the
frontline staff are implemented by pilot phases which are a constant work in progress until the ideal
state is achieved (Dickson et al., 2009). Job Instructions are then created to educate all staff and
create standard work.
Steps in Six Sigma Methodology
The five phases involved in the Six Sigma methodology according to the Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality (2013) are: (1) define, (2) measure, (3) analyze, (4) improve; and (5) control.
Six Sigma methodologies focuses on reducing variation to eliminate defects and have a standard
output with less inventory (Kubiak & Benbow, 2009). Implementation of Six

Quality Improvement Implementation
Quality Improvement Implementation In today's business world, competition is high and most
organizations search for ways to gain an advantage in their respectable markets. One of the obvious,
but unfortunately overlooked, ways to be at the forefront is establishing, maintaining, and constantly
improving quality processes within an organization. Riordan Manufacturing has an established
quality culture and strives to maintain the quality processes that are currently in place. Through its
quality development team, Riordan actively seeks areas or processes that need improved quality
standards. In an effort to achieve a higher level of quality, the quality development team at Riordan
Manufacturing would like to present to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To accomplish this, Riordan's Research & Development Department will identify the variability in
the production and the overall research process. Identifying and controlling these variations is very
important to the whole process of TQM, because they have a huge impact on process performance
and outcome of the process. Not doing so will cause variations in quality and lead to decreases in
customer satisfaction, and also will be conflicting with Riordan's commitment to a maintaining a
quality culture. There are few different ways to deal with the variability, but according to Melnyk
and Swink the best way to deal with it is to eliminate it. This required finding the actual source of
variation and eliminating it or controlling it. Our quality development team has identified the
variability in the product review process. Due to scheduling limitations user participation in product
review meetings generally is unpredictable. Members of Riordan's Research & Development
Department will put great effort in eliminating or controlling this variation. In place of the
substantive user feedback, Riordan can supplement the current on–site meeting process with
online/virtual review or forward confidential documentation to users for off–line review at their
convenience. This will help in minimizing or eliminating the variation in user participation in the
product review process. Quality tools are used to analyze and understand any variability in a
process. Riordan

The Container Gardening Center :
The Container Gardening Center Dawn Henderson Ohio Christian University March 3, 2015 "Lean
means creating more value for customers with less" (Krejewski, L., Ritzman, L.P., & Malhotra,
M.K., 2013). Implementing this into a project can make the project very successful at a lower rate of
cost and time. There are five steps in allowing the lean process to work successfully. This process is
easy to remember but not always easy to achieve. Specifying the value from the customer's point of
view of the product that the customer is interested in purchasing is the first step. Identifying all the
steps of value for the product the customer wants to purchase and eliminating the steps that are
unnecessary is the second step. Creating a sequence of steps that flow in a consistent fashion and
will flow smoothly toward the customer is the third step. Introducing the flow of the product that the
customer is interested in purchasing and allowing the customer to pull value from the product is the
fourth step. The fifth and final step in the lean technique process is "as value is specified, value
streams are identified, wasted steps are removed, and flow and pull are introduced, begin the process
again and continue it until a state of perfection is reached in which perfect value is created with no
waste" (Lean Enterprises Institute, 2015). The Container Gardening Center Status The current status
of the Container Gardening Center is in the planning and purchasing stages. The 5S

Honeywell International Success Essay
Running head: HONEYWELLL INTERNATIONAL INC. | 1 |
Honeywell International, Inc.
Laura L Gurulé
Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
Author Note
Term Paper for Course MGMT 633 Submitted to the Worldwide Online Campus in Partial
Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Masters of Project Management
Abstract
Researcher: Laura L Gurulé
Title: Honeywell International, Inc.
Institution: Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
Degree: Master of Science in Project Management
Year: 2012
This paper introduces the reader to Honeywell International Inc. Honeywell is a world leader in the
application of lean manufacturing and its Six Sigma Plus processes. With the use of carefully
monitored cost standards, net present ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This acquisition further increased their already successful market to a wider range of customers, as
Minneapolis–Honeywell Regulator Co. had already established an overseas trading agreement with
Japanese distributors such as Yamatake Trading Company. It was no surprise that, in 1934,
Honeywell pursued and eventually acquired Time–O–Stat Controls Corporation. With the
acquisition of Time–O–Stat, Honeywell further expanded its global presence, establishing offices in
Toronto, Canada and The Netherlands; a few years later, they had offices in London and Stockholm.
By 1941, Honeywell had expanded into markets in Chile, Panama, Trinidad, New Zealand,
Argentina, and South Africa. By 1972, it operated 25 wholly–owned subsidiaries, 142 branch
offices, and joint ventures in five countries outside the U.S.
True to its reputation as a risk taker, Honeywell ventured into the computer industry. This venture
was brief and by 1991 Honeywell was on longer in the computer business. Even though the venture
was short lived, it proved to be of great value; Honeywell used the knowledge gained from their
digital computer experience and applied it to the traditional field of automation control, integrating
sensors, and activators.
In 1986, Honeywell purchased Sperry Aerospace, and markedly enhanced its position in the

aerospace industry. Edson Spencer, Honeywell chairman and chief executive officer, said the
purchase

The Disparaging Trojan Horse Of Ignorance Will Discretely...
INTRODUCTION
Process improvement and quality management are vital aspect in every industry of business, and if
ignored, then the disparaging Trojan horse of ignorance will discretely overtake any organization.
Supply chain specialists, however, will have the training and expertise to give proper focus and
attention to improving processes and managing quality. Several approaches may be used when
implementing a process or quality improvement initiative. Some of these approaches include
Accelerated Improvement, Business Process Improvement (BPI), Process–Oriented Architecture
(POA), Rummler–Brache Methodology, Helix Methodology, and Six Sigma. In this report, the Six
Sigma approach will be examined, including benefits of the Six Sigma approach, implementing the
Six Sigma approach, costs to consider, and risks and cautions of the Six Sigma approach.
THE SIX SIGMAAPPROACH
Many Greek symbols are used for statistical representations including σ, pronounced and written as
sigma. This symbol refers to a standard deviation from the mean in statistics, and it is often used in
quality specification measurements. Thus, six sigma (6σ) refers to six standard deviations from the
mean. Literally speaking, six sigma is a statistical measure of variability. However, in the context of
quality and process improvement, six sigma refers to a statistical– and factual–based approach to
quality and process improvement. In fact, "some argue that Six Sigma is an advanced quality
improvement

Six Sigma And Project Management

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