Cross Sectional Design Essay Analysis

Design Of A Cross Sectional Design Essay
The authors clearly stated that the design of their research used a cross–sectional design.. It would have been beneficial if the authors' could have noted
that the design was a non–experimental and time related.
Population and Sample The population targeted used an eligibility criteria which consisted of post CAD patients between 60 and 85 years of age. The
paper lacked reporting the accessible population through geographical location. Thus it was not clearly stated where the participants were recruited
from and how they were contacted to participate within the study. Confounding variables such as socio–economic status, other chronic illness
diagnoses and education levels were not addressed in the sampling section. The sample technique used was noted by the author as a convenience
method. Although this is the most common and economical type sampling it does come with flaws such as atypical population and the risk of bias
(Loiselle, Profetto–McGrafth, Polit, and Beck, 2011). Although the author noted that this was a sampling by convenience the subjects need to be an
eligible to meet the criteria and sub group categories. Therefore, this most likely was done with a quota sampling method (type of non–probability
sampling). The sample group consisted of both genders and were between the ages of 60 to 85 years of age and fit all criteria to be in the study. The
study was divided into three categories (Acute, Rehab and Maintain). The participants were either going to enter a
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

An Interpretive Phenomenological Research Study Essay
Appraising an Interpretive Phenomenological Research Study Shannia Warkentin Red Deer College Appraising an Interpretive Phenomenological
Research Study Problem Statement In the qualitative article by Dykes, Slade, and Haywood, the phenomenon of interest is clearly identified as
long–term implications of termination of pregnancy (TOP) and is promptly introduced in the abstract. The authors state that TOP is a common
procedure in the United Kingdom (UK) and implies importance to the nursing profession due to the prevalence of this procedure as well as confusion
demonstrated by recognized health care organizations on how TOPs affect women. Based on psychological impacts discussed, this topic is important in
order for nurses to understand the vulnerability of women to negative TOP–associated thoughts and to improve lifelong accessibility to post–TOP
counselling. The twofold aim of the study is presented as exploration of the long–term experiences of perimenopausal women who had a TOP and their
perceptions of connections or lack thereof between TOP and menopausal experiences. The qualitative approach is appropriate for investigating the
long–term implications of TOP. This is because the stated aim regarding emotional effects on women fits with the naturalistic emphasis on
understanding human experiences. The researcher also identifies the chosen approach allows exploration of the complexity of emotional experiences
with TOP and therefore will support a

Green Tax on Consumers Experiment
Sampling
The population consists a larger group of participants from which samples are selected to perform an experiment. This research is focusing on
consumers such as individual household customers, small business, family business and large business. As the consumer's population is so massive, the
research focuses specifically on small and family businesses. Sampling makes sense because it takes segment of the population being investigated and
the selection is based on probability which provides a chance for every element or individual to be selected, non–probability approach would not sit as
some elements are more likely to be selected than others (Bryman, et al., 2011).Unlike a census where data are collected in relation to all units in an
entire population, this is not feasible due to unavailability of resources such as time and funding.
The sampling technique to be used is simple probability sampling. This method is chosen due to the fact that it guarantees representations and gives
each element a chance to be selected with the help of statistics. Simple probability sampling selects samples randomly from the sampling frame using
random numbers and tables. Theoretically, simple probability sampling is the best technique to use bearing in mind that this is quantitative research
approach, however, due to unavoidable reasons this method will not be used, instead convenience or availability non probability will be applied.
Sample size is determined by applying a

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Data Collection
3.4 Data Collection In general, there are several methods for data collection and the different data collection methods provided its own advantages and
disadvantages (Sekaran 2003, p. 223). For carrying out the data collection, the appropriate methods should be applied. In the research, the data
collection could be done through the interview, for example, face–to–face and telephone interview. To collect the data by using interview technique, the
questionnaire is commonly employed as the instrument for gathering data, the questionnaire could be able to distribute by mail or electronic mail. In
addition, the data collection could be conducted by observation of individuals with or without audio or video recording. Before choosing the methods
for data collection the expertise of the researcher, the degree of accuracy required, time and resources must be taken into consideration. Thus,... Show
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According to Hair et al. (2003), in the research, the sampling process enables identifying, developing and understanding an interested object that need
to be determined (p.333). Hence, in order for the researcher to carry out the sampling appropriately, advantages and disadvantages of the various
sampling methods should be considered along with the theoretical component of the study (Hair et al. 2003, p. 368 f). Theoretically, the sampling
procedure is divided into two major types which consist of probability and nonprobability sampling. In probability sampling, individuals have a known
chance of being selected. While, in non–probability sampling, individuals do not have a known possibility to be selected (Sekaran 2003, p. 269 f).
Also, the different sampling methods provide different advantages and disadvantages. Hence, the researcher should consider this point before choosing
the sampling method for the

Why Icu Nurses Perform Quality Ets As Spelled By Best...
Synopsis:
What was the purpose of the study (research question, purposes, & hypotheses)?
The research article being analyzed pertains to the methods of suctioning of an open system endotracheal tube in ICU patients. The study was aimed
to examine the techniques and practices that ICU Nurses employ at bedside before, during and after suctioning of the open endotracheal system to
compare if it is in compliance with current recommended practices and procedures. The research question is "Do ICU nurses perform quality ETS as
spelled by best recommended practice?"
The study was conducted for many reasons. First, in order to achieve optimal outcomes for the patient, the most current research based practice must be
employed as improper techniques can have detrimental results to the patient in terms of inadequate oxygenation, injury to pulmonary tissues, infections
and increased anxiety to the patient. The second reason is to identify if ICU Nurses are in compliance to the practice recommendations based on current
research & knowledge, and if not, to implement actions to rectify deficiencies. The hypotheses statement is that ICU nurse's ETS performance does not
adhere to the best practice recommendation for ETS. The null hypothesis is that ICU nurses adheres to ETS best practice recommendation standards
when suctioning patients.
How was the sample obtained? The sampling of the observed subjects was obtained through the sampling design of Quota Sampling. According to Polit
and

The Department Of Homeland Security
Methodology
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the U.S Department of State collect what is called administrative data on an annual basis. This data
is obtained from applications that immigrants file with both these departments to be admitted on either a temporary or permanent visa status. In a
sense, this data represents the "flow" of immigrants officially admitted into the United States. The Office of Immigrants Statistics (OIS) within the
DHS compiles an annual yearbook of immigration statistics. The yearbook contains a collection of concise detailed informational data on foreign
nationals who, during a fiscal year were granted lawful permanent residence, those that were admitted on a temporary basis, and those that have ... Show
ACS does the second sample in September and October to allow new addresses to have a chance to be a part of the sampling.
Sampling is reduced for all the smallest sampling starting at (SEMOS в‰¤ 800) each year with the increasing addresses. Sample testing rates
remain at 15%, 10%, and 7 % the sampling rates include strata for blocks in certain census so that the surveys can have the highest rates of
completed questioners. Surveys are conducted by mail and a follow up telephone call by Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI). CATI
interviews have a 60% and mailing addresses have a 75% response. All data is collected by Internet, mail, telephone, and personal visit according to
the ACS Survey report. (ACS methodology data report)
We also chose to use the Current Population Survey (CPS) which is administered by the census bureau by selecting a sample of 60,000 households
from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. They use a 4–8–4 sampling method which is sample for 4 months, take a break for 8 weeks, and then
take another sample for 4months over a year. The questionnaire is computerized and filed representatives across the United States and District of
Columbia administer by both personal interview and by telephone. There are terms to being able to participate individuals have to be older than 15 and
not in the Armed Forces. The individuals must also be the person who is renting or is the owner of the residence. Information collected are income,
veteran status,

Analyzing The Market Trends And Developments Essay
Interpret market trends and developments
From: haonguyen3090@hotmail.com
To: ling@barklycollege.com
Subject: Analysing the market report for DABC company
Dear Ling,
Please kindly find attached report of DABC marketing.
The purpose of this report is to give you a better understanding of current company situation within the industry and a description of company marketing
opportunities. The report outlines the analysis of internal and external data, statistical techniques, current market trends and business performance.
Could you please provide me some feedback on my report?
Kind regards,
Hao Nguyen
Assessment Task 2: Project– Market analysis
Introduction
DABC is one of the biggest clothes manufacturing located in Melbourne, Australia. The first DABC clothes store was established in 1990 in
Collingwood under the name AB Clothes with only 4 staffs. After almost 30 years operating, DABC has become one of the fastest growing Australian
brands with now over 80 stores throughout Australia and 3 flagship stores located in 3 Melbourne largest shopping centres. DABC has provided the
outfit solutions and is famous with its sharp tailoring, top quality, high competitive model and shiny accessories. It is one of the most searched fashion
stores for metropolitan men and women.
Executive summary
This report intends to discuss the following topics:
Understand market trends and innovations by examining statistical market information
Identify any effects on company in the future by

Audit Exam
Audit exam 1
Study online at quizlet.com/_flu67
1.
A
Which is usually included in an engagement letter? (A reference to GAAP/A reference to GAAS)
A. Yes/Yes
B. No/No
C. Yes/No
D. No/Yes
2.
A
Which of the following statements is true?
A) Auditors have generally found that the most effective and efficient way to conduct an audit is to obtain some assurance for each class of transaction
and for the ending balance of the related account.
B) Management 's assertions follow and are closely related to the audit objectives.
C) The auditor 's primary responsibility is to find and disclose fraudulent management assertions.
D) Assertions about presentation and disclosure deal with whether the accounts have been included in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
12.
A
Why does the auditor divide the financial statements into smaller segments?

A) Using the cycle approach makes the audit more manageable.
B) Most accounts have few relationships with others and so it is more efficient to break the financial statements into smaller pieces.
C) The cycle approach is used because auditing standards require it.
D) All of the above are correct.
13.
A
When using monetary–unit sampling, the recorded dollar population is a definition of all the items in the:
A) population.
B) population which the auditor has included in the sample.
C) population which contain errors.
D) sample which contain errors.
14.
A
The most important general ledger account included in and affecting several cycles is the:
A) cash account.
B) inventory account.
C) income tax expense and liability accounts.
D) retained earnings account.
15.
A
Which of the following best describes tests of details of balances?
A) audit procedures designed to test for monetary misstatements in the accounts summarized in the financial statements
B) audit procedures designed to test for the monetary amounts of transactions
C) audit procedures designed to test for reasonableness of account balances
D) audit procedures designed to test for effectiveness in recording accounting information

16.
A
Tests of details of balances are specific audit procedures

A Comparative Study Between Airtel and Vodafone Users in...
A COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN AIRTEL AND VODAFONE USERS IN CITY OF MUMBAI.
The Indian telecommunications Network with 250m telephone connections is the fifth largest in the world and is the second largest among the
emerging economies of Asia. Today it is the fastest growing market in the world and represents unique opportunities for UK companies in the stagnant
global scenario.
Tele–density, which was languishing at 2% in 1999, has shown an impressive jump to 9.5% in 2006 and 10.5% in 2007 and is set to increase to 20%
in the next five years beating the Govt. target by three years. Accordingly, India requires incremental investments of USD 20–25 billion for the next
five years.
Private operators have made mobile telephony the fastest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Category B circles of Kerala, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh (West), Uttar Pradesh (East), Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and West Bengal recorded a
jump of 10.69%, with a total base of 33.74 lakh subscribers. Circle C has reported 12.74 % growth with subscriber numbers jumping to
5.08 lakh. Among the metros, while Mumbai added 1,63,180 subscribers, higher than the 1,58,646 added by Delhi, the Capital's cellular subscriber
base of over 80 lakh is still higher than Mumbai's 66.89 lakh. While the cellular industry has been on roll for the first three quarters of the previous
financial year with an average of 16.75 lakh monthly additions in the third quarter, the first two months of 2007 had seen the growth slowing down.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
A buying pattern of Indian consumers from monopoly market to the oligopoly laid us think the behavioral shift of Indian customer.
Consumer research is the method used to study consumer behavior; it takes place at every phase of the consumption or usage process; before the
purchase, during the purchase, and after the purchase. Study shows that buyers have their specific reasons for buying the product. Problem identified
is the level of consumer's satisfaction of airtel and Vodafone in city of Mumbai. Brand loyalty is the pain area which is considered to retain the
customer. A marketing manager would like to know how consumer behavior will help him design better

Critical Appraisal : Quantitative Nursing Research
Critical Appraisal: Quantitative Nursing Research Article
Evidence–based practice has informed healthcare professionals to ask clinical questions and inform clinical practice (Rebar & Gersch, 2015, p. 11).
The authors conducted an evidence–based research study to determine the effectiveness of telephone–based peer support (TBPS) for postpartum
depression (PPD) up to two years after delivery. The primary goal for this paper is to synthesize and critically analyze the article. Therefore, nursing
research knowledge is used to summarize and critique the article: problem and purpose; literature review; sampling; ethical considerations; research
design; results and conclusion; and strengths and weaknesses.
Research Problem
The authors discussed the need for effective treatments to address the high global rates of PPD and maternal depression up to two years after
delivery (Letourneau et al., 2015, p. 1588). The research problem is the efficacy of TBPS in diminishing maternal depression up to two years
postpartum (Letourneau et al., 2015, p. 1588). This problem arose due to three main factors; increased PPD and maternal depression rates, and existent
theoretical frameworks about TBPS with early PPD.
Research Purpose, and Questions The authors' purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of TBPS with depressed mothers up to 2 years postpartum
(Letourneau et al., 2015, p. 1589). The researchers identified four questions: mothers' and peers' satisfaction with TBPS; if increased

Research Methodology: Research Methodology
Chapter 3– Research Methodology
This chapter will explain the key factors , variables and relationship among theories. It will also present detailed idea about how the research will be
done. This will include the Research design, research strategy , data collection methods and data analysis. At the end of this chapter validity and
reliability issues will be discussed to follow the quality standards of the research. Research includes any gathering data, information and facts for the
advancement of knowledge.
3.2Research Design
The research design is the knowledge acquire, strategies and method that will lead to the research approach which are Qualitative, Quantitative research
or Mixed (Creswell 2003). Each approach has its benefits and detriments and is more suitable to answering certain kinds of questions.
Qualitative Research ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is generally done in interviews, open–ended questions or focus groups. Generally, there is a small number of participants that participate in this type
of research because these type of research takes time and need many resources. Interviews can vary from being highly structured and guided by
open–ended questions or be less structured and take the form of conversational interviews.
As there are few number of participants and as it costs so much for this type of research , the result from a Qualitative Research cannot be generalized
to the whole population. Nevertheless, these type of research serves as a spring board for larger studies and deeper understanding that can inform
theory , practice and specific situations.
It also uses strategies of inquiry such as narratives, phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory studies or case studies. The researcher collects
open–ended , emerging data with the primary intent of developing themes from the data (Creswell 2003).
Quantitative

The Primary Obstacles Of Survey Studies
One of the primary obstacles in survey studies is often eliciting responses from surveyed individuals. As we have seen throughout this semester,
larger sample sizes are beneficial to statistical analyses, as increasing the sample size can increase the power of a hypothesis test, reduce the sampling
variability in a sample, and meet the baseline number of collected 'observations' that are needed to perform specific analyses. This is not to say that
larger sample sizes are unequivocally better; a truly random, yet representative sample is more important. If one already has a large, randomly collected
and representative sample, increasing the sample size will not improve the analysis. Our study focuses on how survey topic affects the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Survey topics will rotate between control, controversial, and neutral during times of data collection.
Methods
Who: We surveyed Vassar students sitting alone at tables at the Retreat, and Vassar students as they entered and exited the Deece. We believe that by
surveying individuals from the Retreat and the Deece, we achieved a truly random sample with respect to our research question. In other words, we do
not think that the choice to eat at the Deece or Retreat directly affects willingness to take a survey.
What: The response rate (Yes/No) to short anonymous surveys offered on control, controversial and neutral topics.
Where: The Retreat and Deece. These areas are well trafficked by most of the Vassar student population, and we believe that individuals surveyed here
are representative of Vassar student body with respect to our research question.
When: November 11 and 12 (between 2PM and 4PM)
Why: We are interested in determining if survey topic (neutral vs. controversial) affects the number of Vassar students that are willing to participate in
that survey.
How: (see methodology for additional information) We went to The Retreat on November 11 for one hour and asked students sitting alone at tables if
they wished to participate in a short anonymous survey. Survey topics for the control (no topic), neutral (milk preference), and controversial (abortion
rights) were rotated per student asked. If students said yes, we gave them a short 'dummy'

White People's Perceptions on Divorce Essay
White People's Perceptions on Divorce
"White people's perceptions on divorce differ from those of Asian origin."
From living in a multi– cultural community it has become apparent to me through my experiences that divorce has become more socially acceptable
amongst white people then Asian people. I want to test and explore possible reasons behind these evident changes in attitudes. I would also like to
investigate the impact factors like secularisation and legislation have had on Asian perceptions of divorce. The stigma that existed with divorce in the
past, ceases to exist in today's' society because divorce is an accepted norm. There is also a gap in relevant sociological research into ... Show more
Ronald Fletcher gives one reason for rising divorce rates, however, there are numerous more, such as the reasons given by Bryan Wilson. Wilson argues
that the stigma and shame that existed with marriage in the 19th century ceases to exist in today's society. According to Wilson, divorce has now
become more socially acceptable because of a change in attitude as part of a process of "secularisation". He states that religious ideas of marriage have
lost their influence, and authenticates this claim by stating that less then half of marriage ceremonies are religious, and of those that are, neither the
bride or groom are frequent church attendees.
Wilson talks about the impact of secularisation on people's perceptions and acceptance of divorce. Wilson, in his research, defines secularisation as
being the "process whereby religious thinking, practise and institutions lose their social significance." Rising divorce rates are a sign that society is
becoming more "tolerant" of divorce and secularisation is seen as being one of the main factors for this.
However, secularisation has affected Asian communities differently. It does not appear to be a dominant feature in Asian communities. Religion is
stronger in southern Asian families. However, Wilson fails to acknowledge this. His research can only

Sampling Case Study
Sampling Case Studies
Case Study 1 on Sampling
Sampling Hispanic Adults by Telephone1
Problem: Researchers wanted to determine how aware adult Hispanics in the San Francisco area are of product warning messages and signs concerning
cigarettes, alcoholic beverages, and other consumer products. The researchers needed to contact a sample of them to interview.
A Solution: "Respondents were sampled using...random digit dialing. This procedure...avoids the use of directories with their inherent problem of the
exclusion of unlisted numbers while guaranteeing equal probability of selection for all telephone numbers. Such an approach has been used in a
number of telephone surveys with Hispanics and has been shown to be not only feasible but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Are you surprised by the "unquestioning attitudes toward name traditions"? Why or why not?
1 Source/ reference: Twenge, J.M. (1997). "Mrs. his name": Women's preferences for married names. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 417
–429.
Submit your opinion to the case study to this threaded discussion.
Case Study 3 on Sampling
Using Quota Sampling1
Problem: Professors with limited resources usually find it difficult to obtain adequate samples of the general adult population for their research.
Instead, many study samples of college students, who are readily available, even though there is no reason to believe that samples of college students
are representative of the national population of adults. (Of course, often professors are interested in the behavior of college students only, in which
case, using college students is not a problem.)
A Solution: "In order to reach a wide range of people, the data were collected using a purposive, quota design. Students enrolled in a research methods
class...were given course credit for collecting the data for this study. These research assistants were...instructed to recruit adults (not college students)
that they knew in six age and gender quotas (male and female: 18–34, 35–49, and 50 and older) to complete questionnaires. Because the students were
given their assignment

Employee Attrition
EMPLOYEE ATTRITION 'An Analysis of Factors Influencing Attrition in the growing Economies' INTRODUCTION In the recent decades the Indian
industry has changed its outlook. The employment scene has changed its appearance. The factors like skill sets, job satisfaction drive the employment
and not just the money. The employer hence faces the heat of continuous employee turnover. Continuous efforts are made by organisations to control
the employee turnover rate as it directly affects the performance of the organisation as many key people leave the organisations for various reasons at
crucial points. This turnover is normally known as ATTRITION. Defining attrition: A reduction in the number of employees through retirement,
... Show
This also leads to point number 6 5.External equity is missing too. Don't do an annual compensation survey when the market moves every 3–4 months.
If your practitioners feel that externally comparable professionals are being valued more, then they will leave. 6.No communication around total
value. If you offer benefits apart from only monetary terms do you communicate that to employees too. Things like being a global or niche industry
leader, value of the brand of the organization, should also be made explicit. 7.No career planning. Are people aware of the ways in which they can
grow in the organization? Who are the role models within the organization? Do they know what they have to do to gain the competencies to move to
various levels? (update: Can you be radical enough and create an internal The decision to choose this project was taken by us for the following
reasons: 1. The project was inherently complex and involved imparting objectivity to factors that are inherently subjective in nature. Also the
complexity of the project ensures for us a thorough and in–depth understanding of the concepts and fundamentals of marketing research which is the
most important aim of this basic course on Research Methodology. 2. The study pertained to the industry and we could easily identify with one of our
own breed. Also since we all have experience this

Job Satisfaction And The Banking Industry
Job Satisfaction in the Banking Industry 1. Research design Cross–sectional design aimed at finding out the level of frequency of specific subject
matter, such as job opportunities and its satisfaction in a defined number of population at a specific time period. (Cress–sectional surveys, 2015) For
example, by carrying out cross–sectional research we can find out what is the level of worker's satisfaction, dissatisfaction, stress and burnout in their
designated role. Advantages of cross–sectional design include: A single research can find out various outcome variables and relevant information. On
the basis of these variable and information, the level of job satisfaction in the banking industry can easily be classified. It is cheap to perform and
does not take long time. To perform the research only 15,000 employees have been chosen out of 69,000, which roughly denotes 21% of the whole
employees. Multiple variables of data can be captured at a time as participants are required to provide detail information such as name, gender, address
etc. while doing the survey. Captured data can be used for various other research. Through this particular research it can be find out those other jobs
which are high in demand too. After comprehensive checking, analysing and filtering the research regarding job satisfaction in banking industry, these
findings can be used as theory or step for further depth research study. Disadvantages of cross–sectional design include:

St. Participation Rate Of The Sampling
The participation rate of the sampling are shown in Table 3 in Chapter 4, and according to it, 68.4% of the participants take part in ST currently with
more than half of the total students, which indicates that ST are relatively popular among the sampled participants. This finding is consistent with the
previous study of Xu and Ding (2004) who investigate the prevalence of ST participation in urban China, which finds 65.5% participation rates among
junior middle school students. However, the rates are relatively low compared to Shen's study (2008), who finds 75% of the Grade 9 students take ST.
It is noticed that due to some reasons, the study did not involve the participants of Grade 9 and carried out with a limited number of ... Show more
The result showed that attending ST after school is not rare, but common for the junior middle school students in urban China and the reasons for this
"fever" might be various. The most important reason is that in many Asian countries, especially in East Asian, where adopted the examination–oriented
education system heavily, there are school entrance examinations which determines students' qualification in entering to the higher levels of study. And
the importance of these examinations maybe sometimes exaggerated by the school teachers, parents and the whole society, which causes substantial
pressures to the students (Jayachandran, 2014; Kwok, 2004). The junior middle school students who face the high school entrance examination in China
usually have a very heavy burden in learning and exercising with lots of homework given by the teachers, and in order to get the limited places in
entering to prestigious schools, they have to compete with their peers in examinations. Meanwhile, given the fact of the examinations' importance, the
majority of the parents in developing countries is less educated to afford children with their own guidance in learning as well as practicing, thus
supplementary become popular in these countries such as China (Jayachandran, 2014).
The private tutors that hired by the tutees may come from two sources: the teachers employed by the mainstream schools of their own and teachers in
other mainstream schools. In some countries such as India,

Importance Of Crm For Any Organization Essay
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
To know the importance of CRM for any organization especially for I.T.
To identify the basic problems of the customers to maintain relations with them.
To identify the needs and preferences of the customers.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY
As I above say that Customer Relationship Management is the buzzword in present marketing environment. All industries have to take care about their
customers, because the present business environment is more customer oriented rather than product oriented.
Fulfillment of customer requirements up to the possible extent is the core objective for each and every business organization. CRM shows the path to
organizations to achieve their core objective. It helps them to raise more satisfaction of customer towards their products / services. Hence, we can say
that CRM is serving with flowers and greetings.
CRM has a huge scope after 10 years, because market is going to be more customer oriented and companies has to fulfill their needs and wants up to
extreme level otherwise they will collapse their business.
CHAPTER–3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGY
Marketing research may be defined as "the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of products
and services under non–recurring condition".
"Marketing research is the process of designing, gathering, analyzing and reporting information that may be used to solve a specific

What Is The Advantage And Disadvantage Of Using...
Business idea: Luxury hotel
1.1 Describe what may be the advantages and disadvantages of using qualitative research approach for your business plan.
Qualitative research approach is used in exploratory research designs. Conducting a primary research will require the researcher to gather background
information, clarify research problems, and create hypotheses or establish research priorities. Collection of data in this kind of research is in the form
of text, or images using open–ended questions, and observation.
The advantages of using a qualitative research approach in conducting a primary research is the data gathered will be rich. The amount of details
needed for the research is contained in the information gathered – may it be from text, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The advantage of using this kind of research approach is it allows the researcher to have broader study which implicates more subjects. Thus, it
enhances the generalization of the results. In addition, the research can be duplicated or replicated. Similar data can be used to analyze and compare
with the similar studies in the past. Personal bias can also be limited and avoided by researchers by means of employing subjects anonymous to them.
The data collected for quantitative approach is precise enough to identify even small differences because it uses numerical data – it is quantifiable. It is
also easier to administer and record answers to structured questions. The time consumed to gather information is lesser than compared to gathering
information for qualitative research approach.
On the other hand, the downside of a quantitative research is that the results are limited because the responses provided are numerical descriptions and
not detailed narrative so as a result, it provides less intricate interpretations of human perception. In–depth data will be difficult to

Research And Design Of A Experimental Design
Research and Design This study will use a true experimental design because it allows the researcher to exercise better control over research variables.
This design ultimately strengthens the inference of causality. To prove with confidence that changes in the dependent variable were caused by the
independent variable rather than sampling error, the research design must meet three criteria (Nieswiadomy, 2012). The three criteria are: 1) the
researcher manipulates the experimental variable; 2) at least one experimental and one comparison group are included; and 3) the subjects are
randomly assigned to either group, (Nieswiadomy, 2012). A type of true experimental design is the posttest–only control group design. The
posttest–only design is appropriate for this study because the participants will be randomly assigned to groups and will be given two different
treatments, (Nieswiadomy, 2012). The experimental group will receive clinically indicated replacement of their PIV while the comparison group will
receive routine PIV replacement every 72–96 hours. The posttest will include a daily assessment for phlebitis up to 48 hours after removal. A
randomized controlled clinical trial is the most logical way to complete this study because it is concerned with a cause–and–effect relationship using
human subjects. This study cannot be blinded because of the nature of the intervention. The patients and nursing staff will know after day four what
group they are in. However,

Advantages Of MATLAB
MATLABВ® is a high–level technical computing language and interactive environment for algorithm development, data visualization, data analysis,
and numeric computation. Using the MATLAB product, you can solve technical computing problems faster than with traditional programming
languages, such as C, C++, and FORTRAN. MATLABis used in wide range of applications, including signal and image processing, communications,
control design, test and measurement, financial modeling and analysis, and computational biology. Add–on toolboxes (collections of special–purpose
MATLAB functions, available separately) extend the MATLAB environment to solve particular classes of problems in these application areas.
MATLAB provides a number of features for documenting... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simulink is integrated with MATLABВ®, providing immediate access to an extensive range of tools that let you develop algorithms, analyze and
visualize simulations, create batch processing scripts, customize the modeling environment, and define signal, parameter, and test data.
5.2.2 Key Features
пѓ Extensive and expandable libraries of predefined blocks
пѓ Interactive graphical editor for assembling and managing intuitive block diagrams
пѓ Ability to manage complex designs by segmenting models into hierarchies of design components
пѓ Model Explorer to navigate, create, configure, and search all signals, parameters, properties, and generated code associated with your model
пѓ Application programming interfaces (APIs) that let you connect with other simulation programs and incorporate hand–written code
пѓ Embedded MATLABв„ў Function blocks for bringing MATLAB algorithms into Simulink and embeddedsystem implementations
пѓ Simulation modes (Normal, Accelerator, and Rapid Accelerator) for running simulations interpretively or at compiled C–code speeds using fixed–
or variable–step

The Sensis Social Media Analysis
The Sensis Social Media Report 2017 was commissioned like most research, to increase knowledge and improve understanding of the world
(Weerakkody, 2015, p.3). To ensure research meets this aim it must have validity and an appropriate methodology, therefore this critique will discuss
these two characteristics.
Head researchers Di Marzio and TK gathered quantitative research through '...a telephone survey with 800 randomly selected Australians' (Sensis,
2017, p.7).
Telephone surveys are convenient, cheap and quick in obtaining very simple data, however they don't always give a clear snapshot of the population
(Weerakkody, 2015, p.130). This is largely because the use of a landline phone often misses certain groups of people, such as those... Show more
This notion is known as being longitude in time, and is beneficial for any future research.
The research collected in this report was conducted over a month, it is unlikely the Australian populations habits changed considerably over such a
short time frame and so the collection of data time frame is not of concern.
The methodology page of this report states that 'quotas were used to provide for adequate representation in relation to age, gender and location' (Sensis,
2017, p.7).
An even proportion of males and females, as well as age brackets between 18–65+ were evenly surveyed to ensure a good cross of the population.
Sampling for location was proportioned to area size, with larger states sampling more individuals and smaller states less, producing a valid sampling
group.
However, the same quota principle was not applied to age. There are certain age ranges that make up more of the Australian population, for example
according to the Australian Bauru of statistics the median age in 2016 was 37 (ABS 2016). This indicates that there are more people in Australia
around this age bracket than any other, to make the sample more representative, Sensis could have scaled age bracket

Gender Stereotyping And The Influence Of Race Essay
Hannon, J., Soohoo, S., Reel, J., & Ratliffe, T. (2009). Gender stereotyping and the influence of race in sport among adolescents. Research quarterly
for exercise and sport, 80(3), 676–684. 1)James Hannon utilized the stratified sampling method to conduct his study. This method allows you to make
the sample as representative as possible. For instance individuals would be divided into groups or strata this allows the sample to show an accurate
representation and reflection of the population being studied. Hannon's method consisted of the involvement of 178 students who were in 9th and 10th
grade. 90 of the students were boys and 88 were girls, they all enrolled in six physical education classes. Due to the method of this experiment and the
diversity of race in this urban southeastern high school, the students were divided in terms of their race. There were 47.84% Caucasian, 46.44% African
American, 2.96% Hispanic, 1.24% Asian, 1.10% Multicultural and 0.14% American Indian. Before conducting the study Hannon obtained permission
from the University Institutional Review Board, the school district, school administrations and the teachers. Also the students and parents were
provided with informed consent. The use of stratified sampling was beneficial as it gives a more accurate finding and is more representative of the
sample. This allows the sample to picket against an unrepresentative sample. (Reserved and Version, 2016) Having said that, a disadvantage of using
this sampling

Political Socialization And Arguments Of Political...
The procedure a individuals goes through to acquire political values and attitudes is known as political socialization. When observing an individual
in the process of political socialization, there are a number of factors that influences the outcome. Family and friends are the primary agents that
affect an individual who is developing their political socialization. Since family members are the first to influence ideologies for somebody, who is
still developing and growing, they are able to have a direct impact on the development of person experiencing political socialization. While it is argued
that family and friends are the primary agent, others have argued that the media may have a greater influence. By the reason of mass expansion of media
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Starting small, gender is a specific that divides the nation due to the varying perspectives between men and women. Gender becomes even more
complex with the addition of others sexual/gender preferences that are starting to become more included in American society. The next step up is
religion; it is crucial to understand how it has evolved over the course of our nation's history and why not everyone is represented. Religion, itself,
shares the sample problem with sampling everyone randomly within a population: both share a varied and complex amount that can create insignificant
data for a sample. Take Christianity for example: if one tried to sample the entire religion (that contains over thirty thousand different branches and
denominations), the data would be out of date and irrelevant to the goals of the sample in the first place. Not to mention the amount of data that would
only represent a small portion of a sample (ex. small denominations that believe in extreme views. That is why it's common to see centralized branches
of Christianity (Catholicism, Protestantism, Non–denominations, etc.) in samples, instead of a broad category of unconnected religions in the
population. The same can be theoretical for other major religions such as Islam, Judaism, Buddhism, and

How An Accelerometer Works, One Must First Understand The...
Introduction
To understand how an accelerometer works, one must first understand the concept of vibration. One example of vibration is sound. When an object
vibrates and creates a disturbance in a medium, it creates a sound wave. The sound wave travels in sinusoidal form with certain frequencies. This affect
was observed in this experiment with a guitar string, a motor, and a cell phone. The vibration of these systems can be measured with an accelerometer.
The accelerometer converts mechanical acceleration to an electric signal.
To record the data measured by the accelerometer, the DAQ system LabVIEW was used. LabVIEW collected the time andfrequency data from the
plucked guitar string. An important aspect of the DAQ system is the sample rate, or the number of measurements it can make in a certain amount of
time. It is an important parameter because without a high enough sample rate, highly dynamic behavior may not be recorded. Another problem with
using an insufficient sampling rate is aliasing which is the misinterpretation of high frequency signals as lower frequency components. To prevent this,
the sample frequency must be twice the highest frequency. Any signal in the system that is above the Nyquist frequency, which is half the sampling
frequency, is subject to aliasing, or false frequency measurement. This means that the data is only reliable up to half of the sampling frequency.
However, a sample rate that is too high leads to difficult data processing and noise

Current Events Knowledge Essay
The purpose of this project was to determine people's general knowledge of current events. High school students seemed like an interesting population
to survey, with the goal of determining if political issues were important to them and how much they kept up with current events. Simply asking
questions would have been too subjective, and thus an evaluation, done through a survey, of their knowledge would serve as a better indication of how
important current events are to the average high school student. Other surveys regarding current events knowledge have been conducted, however that
information may not be relevant to this particular experiment, given that the data sought for this study was the knowledge of current events among
high schoolers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After performing the test, a chi square value of 126.58 was determined. With a degrees of freedom value of 4, this constituted a p value of 2.101644 x
10–26. With an alpha level of .01, the null hypothesis was rejected. The study sought to determine the nature of current events knowledge for teenagers
and prove that knowledge level was limited. Samples were taken from four high schools, but analyzed as one set of data. Through a chi squared
statistical test, it was determined that knowledge level varied at a statistically significant level between questions. If knowledge level was independent
of question, this outcome would have been highly unlikely. The number of students who said they did not know the answer of a question was in fact
dependent upon the question asked. This suggests that teenage knowledge levels on current events issues may not be uniform, but related to the type of
question or topic area. However, the questions themselves may have been somewhat poorly constructed and as such could have led respondents to
select a certain answer choice, which limits applicability of the study. In addition, sampling methods and sample sizes varied between high schools,
which means there may have been some underrepresentation and overrepresentation of certain groups. As such, while the study certainly could warrant
further analysis of the issue, specific findings in this case may not be useful. Misleading questions and varied methodologies inhibit the work's

Methodology Adopted for Study about Leasing Business in...
Chapter 4: Research Methodology This chapter is devoted to the methodology which will be adopted in carrying out a study about leasing business
in Mauritius. It will consider the methodology of a study among the Mauritian population possessing a vehicle. 4.1 Research Process According to
Kotler (1996), research is the systematic collection, analysis, reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific situation. This research has
involved five steps: п‚§Formulating the research problem п‚§Developing the research plan п‚§Collecting the information п‚§Analysis and
interpretation of data п‚§Presentation of findings 4.2 Formulating research problem The goal with this research has been to investigate about: i.the
evolution of the leasing business among the individual of Mauritius ii.to see all the factors affecting both the lessee and the lessor iii.to compare the
benefits of leasing vis a vis other sources of finance iv.to see if the leasing business is famous among Mauritian population. 4.3 Developing Research
Plan 4.3.1 Data Sources Data has been retrieved from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data has been obtained from questionnaires which
were set for the Mauritian people possessing a vehicle. Primary data was collected directly from firsthand experience. Secondary data was acquired
from books, internet, financial magazines and the statistics from the Central Statistical Office (CSO). 4.3.2 Research approaches This is a descriptive

Limitations Of Reducing Crime In A School Environment
Limitations of reducing crime in a school environment.
There are always limitations to deter actions at school because the environment is meant to be a safe–haven for children and teens to go in and get a
proper education. So, stepping up security in schools is not always possible because parents would not always support the advancement of security,
due to risks with safety and the atmosphere where they would not want their children in. The focus of my qualitative research is to find if there is a
correlation between the level of education that a person has and the amount of crime they commit/ will commit based on their educational level. The
objectives during the study will be to find certain patterns that may underline why or why not crime rates differ based on the level of education that a
person has. One question and objective of the study is to find out whether extracurricular activities advocate students to avoid committing crimes
because they were a part of a different society outside of the classroom and that would hypothetically reduce crime because they value their person
more.
Limitations of identifying a correct correspondence of a certain variable to the others.
Limitations of being able to identify school conditions.
Collecting information on extracurricular activities and the effects it has on students. Research Design
The research design selected for this experiment is participant observation. Where we would develop a sustained relationship with people and observe
them as they go about their days during school and outside of school to fully gain the understanding of the variables that we aim to identify throughout
the experiment, and see if they influence the subject participants. With the exception that we understand a subject cannot be constantly followed due to
restrictions, so we intend on placing restrictions to allow more concurrent observations of the ethnographic study. The limitations will be that an
observer may only observe a participant on their way to school, on their way back, and during school in order to provide a concurrent data set for every
subject that is studied, and with the understanding that a large population in Chicago uses public transportation, observing a

The Music Of Music Sampling
Introduction In the musical sense, sampling is when a segment of music is taken from an original recording and is inserted, sometimes repetitively, in
a new recording. A sample can be any type of media that is pre–recorded, from classical pieces of music, to rock guitar riffs. The origins of music
sampling predate the 1980 's, when hip–hop was first brought on the scene. Some say that sampling has been around much longer than some think,
steering to the fact that jazz musicians have always imitated each other 's riffs. In 1961, after being influenced by many other musicians who had
experimented with sound and recording, James Tenney took it a step further by talking an existing popular song and changing it completely. His
"Collage #1" took Elvis Presley 's recording of "Blue Suede Shoes", took out sections, swapping them with others and played them along with the tempo
of the song. Many could argue that this was the beginning of music sampling. Although that was the beginning, music sampling has only gained
mainstream popularity through the Hip–hop/rap and electronic genres. Even though sampling is a very popular thing to do now in the digital age, it
doesn 't come without it 's complications. These include many claiming that sampling is unoriginal and doesn 't need any musical creativity.
Nevertheless, there are many points to counter–act these arguments including, generating interest for unknown music and encouraging musical
experimentation. In this essay I will

Relationship Between Entrepreneurship And The Economic...
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction
This research seeks to establish the relationship between entrepreneurship and the economic development in Saudi Arabia. Entrepreneurship is the
process of managing, organizing and developing a business venture in a competitive environment that is dynamic (Kuratko 2016 pp3). An entrepreneur
is an inventor, leader, innovator, and pioneer and most significantly, a performer. The heart of a national advantage is often pegged on entrepreneurship.
The operation of an enterprise is within the entrepreneurship ecosystems that include governmental services and programs that support startups and
operational activities. Non–governmental organizations (NGOs) are also active in mentoring and advising entrepreneurs to ensure that their efforts and
goals are achievable. Naude (2010, p.108) articulate that the G20 summit held in 2008 highlighted the importance of entrepreneurship in the world
economic development.
Background and Management Problem Entrepreneurship activities support self–employment which in turn has an effect on the growth of productivity
(Audretsch, 2007, p.64). A debate on whether nations should adopt the self–employment policy or strike a balance is always contented. Italy tried the
self–employment model, and it proved to be inefficient for the development of the economy (Santarelli and Vivarelli, 2007, p.460). Entrepreneurship
also plays a role in the early development of industries. It increases productivity through

Course 653 Lesson 17
Lesson 13 through 16 Course 653, Business Research Methods This lesson allows you to elaborate on the work you did in Lesson 12. Using the
research proposal you developed in Lesson 12 as a foundation, choose a sampling methodology that compliments your original proposal. Do not
include specific questions in your proposal. Use the structure illustrated below. The proposal will be evaluated using, in part, your use of the
methodologies described in the text. Restate the Proposition or a Hypothesis developed in Lesson 12 ~ From the example in Lesson 12: "banana
quality is falling" Restate the variables in the study ~ From the example above, the dependant variable is banana quality and the independent variable is
time Define the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Explain why the measurement used is valid, reliable and practical. ~ Petrina and Horace will rate the bananas chosen for the sample on a scale
from 1 to 5. The data collected will be ordinal. Using Petrina and Horace is valid because they both have a keen sensibility for the quality of
bananas. Each of them has a broad experience in tasting bananas. They are capable of discerning many gradations of banana quality. They are
reliable because they are both accounting professionals and can be trusted to accurately and precisely rate each banana they taste. Using Petrina
and Horace is practical because their office is next to the warehouse where all the bananas are stored. Explain how the data collected will provide
the data necessary to support or negate the hypothesis or proposition ~ Petrina and Horace will rate the bananas chosen for the sample. Of course,
they will not be told which group the bananas come from. The ratings will be averaged for each year's production and the average ratings will be
compared. If the average rating for last year's crop is more than 20% higher than the average rating for this year's crop, this year's crop will be
judged to be worse than last year's crop Hypothesis In terms of a descriptive Hypothesis the: A reduction of 193 civilian personnel for Robins AFB
will result in a 15% longer lead time for requirements to be placed on contracts. This is an AF initiative to meet a total reduction of 4,500 civilian
positions, in response

An Analysis of the Falling Ladder Problem
Introduction This investigation which I carried out is closely related to statistics, where its main objective is to help us understand how a large amount
of data is analysed and tabulated with the help of sampling and estimation, as well as its application in real life. In this investigation, we were instructed
to analyse the census data tabulated from the respondents, where they input the data through a survey form available online. The respondents consist of
students who are taking South Australian Matriculation course at Taylor's College Subang Jaya. We were to carry out a series of analysis regarding the
variables derived from the census data, and interpret the results obtained with the application of statistics knowledge.
Task 1: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This method has its own flaw, due to the randomization effect of the function, same number could be pick more than once. During the sampling
process, as much as 9 numbers are repeated. These numbers are discarded and new numbers are picked by random using the same function earlier but
for 9 numbers only.
Task 4
1. a) Age of respondents Sample mean= 17.85Standard deviation= 0.6170
The average age of the respondents from the sample population lies between 17 and 18 years old, which is close to the average age of the population
of 18 years old.
b) Level of interest in e–social networking Sample mean= 3.708Standard deviation= 0.8638
Where 1 = No interest at all and 5 = Very interested
According to the scale, when compared it with the mean level of interest in e–social networking, the score of 3.708 indicates that the respondents are
generally interested in e–social networking.
c) Rate of daily usage of e–social networking sites Sample mean= 4.075Standard deviation= 4.028
From the sample population, the average respondent spent around 4 hours on e–social networking sites.
d) Value of freedom of expression on the internet Sample mean= 3.592Standard deviation= 0.8250
Where 1: Do not value it at all and 5: Highly value it
According to the respondents from the sample population,

What is Impression Formation
Introduction Impression formation is an idea formed without consciousness based on little evidence to evaluate a judgement. The process of forming
impression is determined through verbal communication, non–verbal communication and paralinguistic cues. Verbal communication is the content of
what a person says. Non–verbal communication is the way we present ourselves without using spoken language while paralanguage is the way we
talk other than spoken words. This research conducted was experimental. This is because there are two variables identified in this research which
are independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV). The IV was the duration of time while the DV was the result of the First Impression
Scale (FIS).The research question is 'Are the results of the First Impression Scale affected by the time a person is exposed to the presenter?' .Thus,
the objective of this research is to find out whether the time a person is exposed to the video will affect the person's impression on the presenter. This
information could be important to determine how long an advertisement or a show should last to create a good impression among the audience. The
research hypothesis is the longer a person is exposed to the video, the better the impression formed. The sample size of this research is small which is
38 psychology students in SAM program of Taylor's College Subang Jaya. Participants were assigned randomly into two groups, Group 1 and Group
2, to watch a short video for

Analyzing The Exit Poll Works : Conducting National Exit...
1.1HOW EXIT POLL WORKS: Conducting national exit polls is an enormous undertaking, requiring as long as two years to implement. The goal of
the process is to collect information on a subset of voters that can be projected to the entire active electorate with a high degree of confidence.
Numerous obstacles, though, stand in the way, threatening to undermine the effort and bias the results. Exit polls, like most surveys, unfold in four
distinct but often overlapping stages / Research–ers usually begin by developing procedures for drawing a probabilistic sample of voters whose
responses can be inferred to the active electorate with a high degree of confidence. They develop a questionnaire, capable of both describing the
types of voters participating in an election as well as offering insights into the reasoning behind their choices. Interviewers are trained and eventually
employed to disseminate the questionnaires to and collect them from sampled voters on Election Day. The process concludes with the integration of
voters' responses into a data set for analysis. The specific procedures used for each stage vary by polling organization; therefore, I focus my
discussion on those procedures developed by Warren Mitofsky, Murray Edelman, and their colВ¬leagues at CBS and used by the polling units
employed by the network consortium to conduct the national exit polls. 1.2 THE STAGES OF EXIT POLLING PROCESS: 1)Sampling The first
stage of the exit polling process is selecting a

Questions On Public Opinion On Demography And Census
Name: Alisia Chen_____Date:9/1/2015____Per:2 Directions: Use the following questions to help you focus in on what is important to know to
answer each of the following chapter objectives. The following terms do not need to be defined as a part of the study guide but you will be better
prepared for the exam if you integrate them into your answers below and define (as you go) the ones you know you will forget. Terms to know: Public
opinion Demography/Demographics Census Melting pot Minority majority Political culture Reapportionment Political socialization Sample Random
sampling Sampling error Random–digit dialing Exit poll Political ideology Liberalism Conservatism Gender gap Political participation Protest Civil
disobedience... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For each, explain what political changes have resulted and what can be expected in the future of American politics because of these trends. Support
your conclusions with evidence from the text. 1) waves of immigration п‚® Chinese Exclusion Act (1882), quotas (1924), family integration (1965)
expect: п‚ immigration control 2) growing minority populations п‚®п‚political power within minorities expect: "conflict & hostility", "distrust" 3)
regional population shift to the West & South п‚® States gain or lose congressional representation expect: п‚power in the West & South 4) п‚Ї fertility
rates, people are living longer, thus п‚ senior citizens: today's workers pay the benefits for today's retirees, the worker: retiree ratio has decreased ,
putting tremendous pressure on the Social Security system expect: reshaping of the Social Security system C. What is meant by "minority majority"
and what might this mean for political change in the future? the fall of a non–Hispanic white majority, meaning increased political power of minorities
in the future Objective 2. Outline how various forms of socialization shape political opinions. A. Explain the significance of each of the following as
sources for political learning: Family: controls time and emotional commitment in younger years, thus children often pick up their political

A Survey Study On How Survey Studies Affects The...
Introduction
One of the primary obstacles in survey studies is often eliciting responses from surveyed individuals. As we have seen throughout this semester,
larger sample sizes are beneficial to statistical analyses, as increasing the sample size can increase the power of a hypothesis test, reduce the sampling
variability in a sample, and meet the baseline number of collected 'observations' that are needed to perform specific analyses. This is not to say that
larger sample sizes are unequivocally better; a truly random, yet representative sample is more important. If one already has a large, randomly collected
and representative sample, increasing the sample size will not improve the analysis. Our study focuses on how survey topic ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Survey topics will rotate between control, controversial, and neutral during times of data collection.
Methods
Who: We surveyed Vassar students sitting alone at tables at the Retreat, and Vassar students as they entered and exited the All Campus Dining Center
(Deece). We believe that by surveying individuals from the Retreat and the Deece, we achieved a truly random sample with respect to our research
question. In other words, we do not think that the choice to eat at the Deece or Retreat directly affects willingness to take a survey.
What: The response rate (Yes/No) to short, anonymous surveys offered on a control, controversial and neutral topic.
Where: The Retreat and Deece. These areas are well trafficked by most of the Vassar student population, and we believe that individuals surveyed here
are representative of Vassar's student body with respect to our research question.
When: November 11 and 12 (between 2PM and 4PM)
Why: We are interested in determining if the survey topic (neutral vs. controversial) affects the number of Vassar students that are willing to participate
in that survey.
How: (see methodology for additional information) We went to The Retreat on November 11 for one hour and asked students sitting alone at tables if

they wished to participate in a short, anonymous survey. Survey topics for the control (no topic), neutral (milk preference), and controversial (abortion
rights) were rotated per student

Sampling And Non Random Sampling
Sampling
As the population of this study was the Indian SMEs in Europe which were thousands in numbers; it was notpractical to reach all of them within the
timeframe available to complete this dissertation. This made it inevitable to undertake sampling. Sampling is undertaken in order to select units or
members that are representative of the population. There are mainly two kinds of sampling namely probability and non–probability sampling (Sekaran
and Bougie, 2009). A probability sample is a sample in which every element of the population has a known and equal likelihood of being selected.
Non probability sample is any sample in which little or no attempt is made to get a representative cross section of the population (Lamb et al. 2013).
This study made use of non–random sampling. A non–random sampling method is one where each member of the population does not have a known
or calculable non zero probability of being selected (Marchevsky, 2000). The response rate of the questionnaire was low as expected at 26. 08 %. Of the
46 companies which were sent, only 12 completed questionnaires could be collected. A request forinterview was also sent to these companies of which
only three gave permission and with whom interviews were conducted.
Research Ethics
Research ethics specifies the way the researchers' ought to conduct themselves while conducting scientific research (Shrader–Frechette, 1994). As this
research involved the participation of humans, it was important to let them

Characteristics And Processes Of Gravel Bed Rivers
Gravel bed rivers are comprised of sediment particle sizes between 2–64mm, but may also include a degree of sand as high as 50% (Bunte and Abt
2001). This wide array of particle sizes can affect the rates of erosion, deposition, and overall morphology of a river. Understanding the rate and
likelihood of these processes is crucial in comprehending contemporary river environments, their behaviour and surrounding ecology. Detailed
characteristics and processes of gravel bed rivers is not well understood as there are considerable variabilities at the bar, reach and river scales (Rice
and Church 2009). In an attempt to advance understanding of the processes and mechanisms involved, analysis of the sediment is required. To quantify
the size and distribution of sediment in a river, a large sample set is needed in order to be fully representative of the area surveyed, but this is more
complex in gravel bedded rivers than sand as distribution can be either heterogeneous or homogenous (Bunte and Abt 2001). Considering this,
sampling methods must be chosen appropriately and in accordance of objectives of the study in order to gain data specific and useful enough to
address them. This report aims to address the characterisation of grain size distribution of both the bar–scale and reach–scale of the River Ashop, in the
Peak District. To do this, two methods have been utilised: Wolman sampling (1954), and advanced digital granulometry (Graham et al. 2005). Patterns
and distribution

The Rates Of Young Women Under The Age Of 21
North Carolina Central University
Graduate Studies– Department of Criminal Justice
Research Methods Paper
Olivia Simone McDonald
Purpose/ Background
The purpose of this research is to identify and determine if The Rates of Young Women Under the Age of 21 Who Are Taken for Involuntarily
Prostitution by Human Traffickers in the United States is Rapidly Increasing. This methodology will include the Purpose/Background, Research
Hypotheses, Research design, Sampling, Mode of Data Collection, and Measures. The purpose and background will describe and elaborate on the
theory and crime. The research hypothesis will give a strong connection between the theory/crime and study through variables and research. The
research design will identify a specific sampling technique and the target population by establishing a relationship between the variables and
hypothesis. The sampling section in this research will consist of a specific population using a designated technique. Within the mode of data
collection, the data will be articulated and the best approach will be giving based off the population and all variables that will be computed. The
measures of this research will identify and a brief description of the independent and dependent variables to answer all research questions pertaining to
the study. There are three statistical techniques; univariate, bivariate, and multivariate tests, all will be utilized for this specific study. The limitations in
this study will

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