Aviation Labor Relations Use the Internet to answer the following items. Be sure to cite your sources. 1. A major part of the study of labor law and collective bargaining is the unique vocabulary that has developed over the period of time; accordingly, define the following terms and concepts: a) Closed Shop b) National Unions c) American Federation of Labor (AFL) d) Strikebreakers e) Arbitrators f) Good-faith Bargaining g) Picketing h) Boycotts i) Sympathy Strike j) Secondary Boycotts k) Yellow-dog Contracts 2. In three sentences, summarize the railroad labor gains during World War I. RUNNING HEAD: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS 3 Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Week 2 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS 3 The article illustrates how conclusions about a given study are attained using case studies. Case study research is a qualitative research method that may be experimental or non-experimental depending on the type of study being conducted. The article indicates that conducting a case study demands that the researcher identifies its subjects mainly through random sampling. In non-experimental situations, the researcher may employ surveys to complete their study. Therefore, much of case studies depend on propositions at the beginning. While utilizing experimental designs, the researcher will subject its samples to a laboratory tests by establishing a control and placebos. The purpose of the article is to provide insights into how to utilize case studies to attain a valid and reliable data for the study. Notably, case studies ensure that the expected result is obtained accurately. Case studies a significant to a research designing a new study because it employs evidence-based studies in most cases. Thus, any information supplied in the findings represents real-time data from the subjects. Case studies aid a research to repeat a given subset of study until their desired result is obtained. Historical research is a qualitative method that allows a researcher to examine previous happenings regarding a particular area of study. The purpose of the journal is to examine the historical perspective of the buyer-supplier relationship over time. It illustrates the ways in which the relationships have been changing with time. With historical research, individuals base their conclusion on past data for example interviews, documentaries, journals and field notes. Present and future situations of a certain environment or individuals are determined by their historical behaviors and way of living. For example, a business enterprise that wants to postulate the situation of their firm in future will have to evaluate their past sales, revenues, and net incomes so that they do not over or underestimate their worth. Historical research method is practical thus vital for an individual designing a new study. With this met ...

1. Aviation Labor Relations
Use the Internet to answer the following items. Be sure to cite
your sources.
1. A major part of the study of labor law and collective
bargaining is the unique vocabulary that has developed over the
period of time; accordingly, define the following terms and
concepts:
a) Closed Shop
b) National Unions
c) American Federation of Labor (AFL)
d) Strikebreakers
e) Arbitrators
f) Good-faith Bargaining
g) Picketing
h) Boycotts
i) Sympathy Strike
j) Secondary Boycotts
k) Yellow-dog Contracts
2. In three sentences, summarize the railroad labor gains during
World War I.
RUNNING HEAD: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE
RESEARCH METHODS
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
METHODS 3

2. Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods
Name:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Week 2
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
METHODS
3
The article illustrates how conclusions about a given study are
attained using case studies. Case study research is a qualitative
research method that may be experimental or non-experimental
depending on the type of study being conducted. The article
indicates that conducting a case study demands that the
researcher identifies its subjects mainly through random
sampling. In non-experimental situations, the researcher may
employ surveys to complete their study. Therefore, much of
case studies depend on propositions at the beginning. While
utilizing experimental designs, the researcher will subject its
samples to a laboratory tests by establishing a control and
placebos.
The purpose of the article is to provide insights into how to
utilize case studies to attain a valid and reliable data for the
study. Notably, case studies ensure that the expected result is
obtained accurately. Case studies a significant to a research
designing a new study because it employs evidence-based
studies in most cases. Thus, any information supplied in the
findings represents real-time data from the subjects. Case
studies aid a research to repeat a given subset of study until

3. their desired result is obtained.
Historical research is a qualitative method that allows a
researcher to examine previous happenings regarding a
particular area of study. The purpose of the journal is to
examine the historical perspective of the buyer-supplier
relationship over time. It illustrates the ways in which the
relationships have been changing with time.
With historical research, individuals base their conclusion on
past data for example interviews, documentaries, journals and
field notes. Present and future situations of a certain
environment or individuals are determined by their historical
behaviors and way of living. For example, a business enterprise
that wants to postulate the situation of their firm in future will
have to evaluate their past sales, revenues, and net incomes so
that they do not over or underestimate their worth.
Historical research method is practical thus vital for an
individual designing a new study. With this method, a
researcher will gain access to all information relevant to their
study. Therefore, inferences drawn are always accurate because
evidence based data is made use. Validity and reliability of the
information are known. Educators mainly use historical research
to complete their work.
Phenomenology is a qualitative research method that is mostly
applied in event management. According to the journal,
phenomenology provides an in depth of philosophical and
theoretical framework that aid in uncovering information
regarding an occurrence or event. Phenomenology is non-
experimental given that it utilizes philosophical aspects in
detailing the dimensions revolving an event. In order to
understand phenomena regarding an event, the article points out
that there is the need for definition and explanation of the terms
used. However, it indicates that phenomenology has limitations,
for instance, the consequences of an event take much of the
findings as opposed to how and why the event took place.
Moreover, it is difficult to for generalization and subjectivity of
the findings.

4. Phenomenology is essential for individuals who want to
understand how a given occurrence has influenced the current
and future behaviors of the affected. Therefore, a researcher
who wishes to undertake a study that seeks to understand the
philosophical framework of an event, phenomenology is a
useful research method. Phenomenology offers propositions and
references for future studies since it touches on a wide range of
theories and thoughts.
The journal by Maronick illustrates how surveys being a
quantitative research method can be utilized in a wide range of
study with ease. The article scrutinizes the comparison between
traditional and web-based survey methods. It puts into
considerations aspects like response time, sample quality and
panels. Surveys are non-experimental designs and employ tools
like interviews, sampling polls, and questionnaires. Most
researchers commonly use the above tools because it is easy to
administer and allows them to tune their respondents to respond
within the scope of the study. Closed-ended questionnaires help
the researchers when analyzing the data from the field because
they can encode the data to the statistical application with fewer
complexities. In addition, web-based surveys have become
increasingly common especially when researchers want to
access persons located at the extreme ends of the globe. The
survey can still be valid and reliable even without coming face
to face with the respondents.
Surveys are critical research methods that every researcher
should considered before embarking on a rather complicated
method. Administration of interviews and questionnaires are
important especially for new research because they supply a
baseline data that can be utilized to build a better and more
intense research.
A cause-effect research technique is a widely used approach
when trying to establish the influence of a given variable or
variables on a sample. Emery in the Journal points out that
cause-effect model is developed to establish constraints and
improve their viability. The journal further demonstrates that

5. the research method helps in understanding why and how a
particular aspect would influence the success of a subject. The
purpose of the article is to explain how certain causal entities
would lead an effect on another. The journal singles out that the
increasing usage of total quality management by business
organization could be the genesis of competitiveness in the
market hence the ever-increasing productivity.
A researcher developing a new research design could make use
of cause-effect method to understand the influences the
variables in use will have on the target subjects. If a researcher
wants to understand environmental degradation that is a
common problem in the globe presently, the potential root
causes of damage must be identified and studied. Cause-effect
research technique is the application of all fields of study
depending on the structure of the study.
The journal focuses on quasi-experimental research that is
quantitative in nature that mainly involves carrying out
experiments. The article examines medical and psychological
implications arising from environmental risks. It further tries to
find out the risks of smoking during pregnancy. In order to
attain these results, the sample has to be subjected to
experimental analysis for a given duration. The journal focuses
on a family setting where sibling comparison is critical by
integrating the genetic aspect.
Experimental research depends largely on the manipulations a
research applies on the variables. Often, a control and placebo
samples play a great role in such researches. In order to attain
valid results, repetitive experiments are essential in this kind of
research because relying on only one may lead to biased and
unreliability. Even with controlled states, environmental
conditions end up influencing the data hence repeated instances
will help identify such instances.
Experimental research is essential for researchers designing new
study especially if the kind of study involves aspects that
cannot be established from philosophical perspectives. While it
is time-consuming, it helps researchers gain an in depth of the

6. study thus supply accurate and valid information for present and
the future use.
References
D'Onofrio, B. M., Ph.D. Lahey, B. B., PhD., Turkheimer, E.,
PhD., & Lichtenstein, P., Ph.D. (2013). Critical need for family-
based, quasi-experimental designs in integrating genetic and
social science research. American Journal of Public Health, 103,
S46-55
Emery, C. R. (2009). A cause-effect-cause model for sustaining
cross-functional integration. Business Process Management
Journal, 15(1), 93-108.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14637150910931488
Hansen, J. M. (2009). The evolution of buyer-supplier
relationships: A historical industry approach. The Journal of
Business & Industrial Marketing, 24(3), 227-236.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08858620910939778
Maronick, T. J. (2009). THE ROLE OF THE INTERNET IN
SURVEY RESEARCH: GUIDELINES FOR RESEARCHERS
AND EXPERTS. Journal of Global Business and Technology,
5(1), 18-31
Ridder, H. (2012). Case study research. Design and methods.
Zeitschrift Für Personalforschung, 26(1), 93-95. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/922066178?accountid=4504
9
Ziakas, V., & Boukas, N. (2014). Contextualizing
phenomenology in event management research. International
Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5(1), 56-73.
Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/1493449912?accountid=450
49

7. TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Treatment of depression in young people
Name:
Course:
Tutor:
Date: December 21, 2014
Week 1
TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Specialist mental health clinician attitudes:
Young people up to the age of 25years experience intricate
conditions that include comorbid conditions, psychosocial
issues and suicide risk. Therefore, a study of potential barriers
to the use of evidence-based guidelines for youth depression is
mandatory. Evidence-based guidelines are highly used in
habitual clinical practice though its relevance in psychology is
minimal. Furthermore, if the already existing care at both
primary and secondary levels were to be applied, they would
boost professional untimely interference mental health services
for young people (Hetrik SE et al, 2011).
Title of the study and authors:
This study bears the title ‘What are specialist mental health
clinician attitudes to guideline recommendations for the
treatment of depression in young people?’ and the authors

8. include: Hetrick, S. E., Simmons, M., Thompson, A. and Parker,
A. G.
In this research the authors are trying to answer the following
questions;
The research questions of this study include: whether there are
potential barriers at the individual clinician level, the clinical
level in terms of the presentation of young people and the
service level. Secondly, the research tried to identify how each
of the above levels causes barriers in terms of young people
presentation. It also tries to find out specialist mental health
clinician attitudes to guideline recommendations for the
treatment of depression in young people.
Qualitative and quantitative research methods:
First, qualitative research used in this study, is mostly
investigative while quantitative research is used to measure the
crisis by generating arithmetic data. Secondly, qualitative
research is used to achieve a sympathetic of fundamental issues,
motivations and opinions. Thirdly, quantitative research is used
to quantify attitudes and behaviors while qualitative research
comes up with thoughts for potential quantitative research.
Fourthly, quantitative data collection methods are more
controlled as compared to qualitative data collection methods
(International conference, 2010).
Whether the study is qualitative or quantitative:
In this study, the researcher used a qualitative study whereby
they used a social constructionist perception using focus groups.
These groups were carried out with all clinicians and were
audio taped; transcribed and undertook a thematic scrutiny.
Clinicians were interrogated on the barriers to implementing
four main proposals from the National Institute for Health and
Clinical Excellence procedures (Hetrik SE et al, 2011).
Associating this study with a specific research area of
psychology:
A study on “Attitudes of psychiatrists to evidence-based
guidelines” which intended to study clinicians' attitudes on
utilizing evidence-based guidelines is closely associated to the

9. above study. According to the results, clinical guidelines were
preferred. Many people felt that guidelines were useful in
humanizing patient care (Rees H. et al, 2002). Similarly, the
outcome of the study in question showed an enormous need for
larger investment in models of care for amalgamation of current
primary and secondary care: This would facilitate specialist
timely intercession mental health services for young people.
Generally, the serious difficulties experienced by youths up to
the age of 25 years undisputable. Both studies show the crucial
need to provide a solution to these problems in terms of
evidence based guidelines in mental health clinician and
psychology respectively (Hetrik SE et al, 2011).
Ethical issues that were addressed in the article and the ethical
principles applied. Additional ethical issues that apply but were
not mentioned?
The main barrier at individual clinician level was a declared
belief that the guidelines were irrelevant to the young people
servers and had less proof to direct practice. Similarly, the
major barrier with reference to the clinical staging was the
relentlessness and intricacy of the presentation. A deficiency of
correlation between primary and secondary level care was
observed at the service level. This made sequencing
interventions difficult, according to guideline recommendations
(Hetrik SE et al, 2011). The ethical principles applied were
spending in care models to make certain the incorporation
between existing primary and secondary care. Additional ethical
issues could be participants could be an excessively researched
group and Issues of discretion and lack of inscrutability
(Browne, J. C., & Los Alamos National Laboratory, 2001).
This study expresses the need to come up with clear evidence-
based guidelines to deal with the issues facing young people.
The possible barriers majorly exist at three levels: individual
clinician level, the clinical level in terms of the presentation of
young people and the service level. With more investment in
models of care that brings both primary and secondary care
together, and then a solution is inevitable.

10. Reference
United States. United States., Browne, J. C., & Los Alamos
National Laboratory. (2001).Intellectual Freedom and the
National Laboratories: 2000 Sigma Xi Forum New Ethical
Challenges in Science and Technology, November 9-10, 2000,
Albuquerque, New Mexico.". Washington, D.C: United States.
Dept. of Defense.
Rees, H., Sipos, A., Spence, M., & Harrison, G. (January 01,
2002). Attitudes of psychiatrists to evidence-based guidelines -
A questionnaire survey. Psychiatric Bulletin, 26, 421-424.
Hetrick, S. E., Simmons, M., Thompson, A., & Parker, A. G.
(November 01, 2011). What are specialist mental health
clinician attitudes to guideline recommendations for the
treatment of depression in young people?. Australian and New
Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 11, 993-1001.
International Conference on QQML, Katsirikou, A., Skiadas, C.
H., & ASMDA International Society. (2010). Qualitative and
quantitative methods in libraries: Theory and applications :
proceedings of the International Conference on QQML2009,
Chania, Crete, Greece, 26-29 May 2009. Singapore: World
Scientific.
2