Steam power plants generate 65% of India's electricity and work by converting the chemical energy in fuels into mechanical and electrical energy. They are classified as central stations, which generate power for public use, or industrial stations, which generate power for a company's private use. The key components of steam power plants are the boiler, turbine, generator, and condenser. Steam power plants have advantages of using inexpensive fuels and lower initial costs than some alternatives, but have disadvantages of polluting the atmosphere and higher running costs than hydroelectric plants.

1. STEAM POWER PLANT
prepared by: R.V.Varmora

2. INTRODUCTION OF STEAM POWER PLANT
• In India 65% of power is generated by steam or thermal power
plant.
• A steam power plant converts the chemical energy of the fuels into
mechanical/electrical energy.
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3. CLASSIFICATION OF STEAM POWER PLANTS
• The steam power plants may be classified as follows:
1.Central stations.
2.Industrial power stations or captive power stations
• Central stations : These stations is meant for general sale to the
customers who wish to purchase it.
• Industrial power stations : This type of power station is run by a
manufacturing company for its own use & its output is not available
for general sale.
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4. RANKINE CYCLE PROCESS & LAYOUT
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5. RANKINE CYCLE PROCESS & LAYOUT
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6. Essential Requirements of Steam Power Plants
• Reliability.
• Minimum capital cost.
• Minimum operating & maintenance cost.
• Capacity to meet peak load effectively.
• Minimum losses of energy in transmission.
• Low cost of energy supplied to the consumers.
• Reserve capacity to meet future demands.
• Simplicity of design.
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7. COMPONENTS OF A MODERN STEAM POWER
PLANT:
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No. Component No. Component
1 Boiler 10 Coal mill
2 Steam turbine 11 Induced draught
3 Generator 12 Ash precipitators
4 Condenser 13 Boiler chimney
5 Cooling tower 14 Forced draught fan
6 Circulating water 15 Water treatment plant
7 Boiler pump 16 Control room
8 Wagon tippler 17 furnace
9 Crusher house

8. SELECTION OF SITE FOR STEAM POWER STATION
The following points should be taken into consideration while
selecting the site for a steam power station:
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• Availability of raw material • Availability of labour
• Nature of land • Size of the plant
• Cost of Land • Load center
• Availability of water Transport
facilities
• Public problems
• Ash disposal Facilities • Future extensions

9. COMBUSTION SYSTEM
The combustion equipment is a component of the
steam generator. Since of heat is the combustion of a
fuel, a working unit must have, whatever, equipment is
necessary to receive the fuel & air, proportioned to
each other & to the boiler steam demand, mix, ignite,
and perform any other special combustion duties, such
as distillation of volatile from coal prior to ignition.
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10. BOILER
• Boiler is an apparatus to produce steam.
• Thermal energy released by combustion of fuel issued to
make steam at the desired temperature and pressure.
The steam produced is used for:
1). For generating power in steam engines or steam
turbines.
2). Heating the residential and industrial buildings.
3). Performing certain processes in the sugar mills, chemical
and textile industries.
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11. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM
• Burning of pulverized coal in the furnace results in the generation
of large quantity of ash . This ash constitutes of 80% fly ash and
20% bottom ash. Fly ash is one of the residues generated in
combustion, and comprises the fine particles that rise with the flue
gases.
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12. BOILER PROPERTIES
a). Safety: The boiler should be safe under the operating conditions.
b). Accessibility: the various part of boiler should be accessible for
repair & maintenance.
c).Capacity: Should be capable of supplying Steam according to the
requirements.
d). Efficiency: Should be able to absorb a maximum amount of heat
produced due to burning of fuel in the furnace.
e). It should be simple in construction.
f). Its initial cost and maintenance cost is low.
g). It should be capable of quick starting and loading.
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13. FEED PUMP
•The feed pump is a pump
which is used to deliver
feed water to the boiler.
It is a desirable that the
quantity of water
supplied should be at
least equal to the
evaporated and supplied
to the engine.
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14. ECONOMISER
• An economiser is a
device in which the
waste of heat of
the flue gases is
utilized for heating
the feed water.
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15. Super heater
• The function of a super heater is to increase the temperature
of the steam above its saturation point.
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16. AIR PREHEATER
• The function of the air
preheater is to increases the
temperature of air before it
enters the furnace. It is
generally placed after the
economiser ,so the flue
gases pass through the
economiser & then to the
air.
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17. STEAM TURBINE
• A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating
output shaft.
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18. CONDENSER
• The condenser condenses the
steam from the exhaust of the
turbine into liquid to allow it
to be pumped. If the
condenser can be made
cooler, the pressure of the
exhaust steam is reduced and
efficiency of the cycle
increases.
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19. ADVANTAGES OF STEAM POWER PLANT
• The fuel used is quit cheap.
• Less initial cost as compare to other plant.
• It can be installed at any place irrespective of the existence of coal.
• It require less space as compare to hydro power plant.
• Cost of generation is less than of diesel power plant.
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20. DISADVANTAGES OF STEAM POWER PLANT
• It pollutes the atmosphere due to production large amount of
smoke & fumes.
• It is costlier in running cost as compared to hydro electric plants.
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21. Comparison
No. Name of power station Location Use of fuel
Installed capacity
(MW)
1
Akrimota Thermal Power
Station
Kutch Lignite 250
2
Gandhinagar Thermal
Power Station
Gandhinag
ar
Coal 2*120 , 3*210
3
Kutch Thermal Power
Station
Kutch Lignite-Based 75
4
Mundra Thermal Power
Station
Mundra Coal 4*330 ,5*660
5
Mundra Ultra Mega Power
Plant
Mundra
Subbituminous
coal
5*800
6
Sikka Thermal Power
Station
Jamnagar coal 2*120
7
Ukai Thermal Power
Ukai Coal 2*200 ,1*210
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23. prepared by: R.V.Varmora