The document defines and describes several key concepts and techniques related to language teaching and learning, including Total Physical Response (TPR), the difference between acquisition and learning, the silent period, mother tongue, ESL/EFL, drills, approaches, phonics, digital literacy, literacy, multiple intelligences, and target language. Each concept is explained briefly in 1-2 sentences.

1. GGLLOOSSSSAARRYY
Andrea de Andrés
Raquel Rojas

2. Total Physical Response T.P.R
When children listen and follow teacher’s instructions, doing everything that the
teacher says: the child must understand and memorize the actions, responding only
through movement and action. The difficulty of the input increases gradually. TPR
can involve listening and doing actions with a song or just responding to the
teacher’s commands.
There are 3 major phases:
-pre-teaching key words
-Listen, watch and do
-Listen and do (jumple order)

3. ACQUISITION vs LEARNING
Lexical acquisition is involuntary, it is something uncontrollable and unconscious.
Primarily in infants and children but also adults.
Children and especially babies hear sounds and through their senses perceive an
action occurs or a particular sequence of sounds are related to any object, then your
brain stores these sounds or signs with action, object, or idea of a bound form . Thus
the vocabulary is formed.
Learning is the opposite of the acquisition. Occurs voluntarily and consciously. The
individual looking to expand your vocabulary in a controlled manner, recognizing the
need to know the meaning of a word and seeks ways to know that information.

4. SILENT PERIOD
Silent period, an interval of time during which students feel unable to
communicate orally in the foreign language.
Although children are much more motivated to express themselves and try
new things, they can also feel embarrassment or shyness and they might pass
through a silent period.

5. MOTHER TONGUE
Your mother tongue is the language that you learn from your parents when
you are a baby.

6. E.S.L. (English Second Language)
A traditional term for the use or study of the English language by non-native
speakers in an English-speaking environment. That environment may be a
country in which English is the mother tongue (e.g., Australia, the U.S.) or one
in which English has an established role (e.g., India, Nigeria).
E.F.L. (English Foreign Language)
A traditional term for the use or study of the English language by non-native
speakers in countries where English is generally not a local medium of
communication.

7. DRILLS
Drilling is a technique that has been used in foreign language classrooms for
many years. It was a key feature of audio lingual approaches to language
teaching which placed emphasis on repeating structural patterns through oral
practice and the repetition

8. APPROACH
The approach is the way in which the teacher wants guiding their classes,
depending on different points of view , according to how to teach and what you
want to work .

9. PHONICS
A method of teaching beginners to read by correlating sounds with letters
or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system.

10. DIGITAL LITERACY
The ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks to
locate, evaluate, use and create information.
Digital Literacy includes the ability to read and interpret media, to
reproduce data and images through digital manipulation, and to evaluate
and apply new knowledge gained from digital environments.

11. LITERACY
The quality or state of being literate, especially the ability to read and
write.

12. MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
The theory of multiple intelligences is a theory of intelligence that
differentiates it into specific (primarily sensory) "modalities", rather than
seeing intelligence as dominated by a single general ability.
The idea of multiple intelligences is important because it allows for
educators to identify differing strengths and weaknesses in students and
also contradicts the idea that intelligence can be measured through
IQ(intelligence quotient).

13. TARGET LANGUAGE
Target language is a language that someone is learning, or a
language into which a text has to be translated.