This document defines key terms related to language learning: - TPR is a method using physical movement to learn commands in a new language. - Acquisition involves subconscious learning through natural communication, while learning relies on direct instruction of rules. - The silent period hypothesis proposes language learners initially only listen before speaking. - Other terms defined include target language, mother tongue, EFL, ESL, approach, drill, literacy, and multiple intelligences.

1. Glossary
For English Learning

2. • TPR (Total Physical Responses)
Is a language teaching method developed by James
Asher. It is based on the coordination of language and
physical movement. Instructors give commands to
students in the target language, and students responds
with whole-body actions.
• Target language:
A language that a non-native
speaker is in the process of
learning.

3. • Acquisition vs learning :
- Children acquire language through a subconscious
process during which they are unaware of grammatical
rules. This is similar to the way they acquire their first
language. In order to acquire language, the learner needs
a source of natural communication.
- Language learning, on the other hand, is not
communicative. It is the result of direct instruction in the
rules of language. In language learning, students have
conscious knowledge of the new language and can talk
about that knowledge.

4. • Silent Period:
The silent period hypothesis is the idea that when a
language is learned, there should be a period in which
the learner is not expected to actively produce any
language. This is based on observations of a listening
period in infants when they learn a first language.
•Mother tongue:
Language first learned by a person; native language.

5. • EFL (English as a foreign language):
A traditional term for the use or study of the English
Language by non-native speakers in countries where
English is generally not a local medium of communication.
• ESL (English as a second language):
The study of English by non-native
speakers in an English-speaking
environment.
• Approach:
The method used or steps taken in setting about a
task,

6. •Drill:
Disciplined, repetitious exercise as a means of teaching
and perfecting a skill or procedure by repetition.
• Literacy:
The condition or quality of being literate, especially the
ability to read and write.
•Digital Literacy:
Is the ability to understand information and –more
important- to evaluate and integrate information in multiple
formats that the computer can deliver.

7. •Multiple intelligences:
Gardner suggest that individuals do not just have a single
intelligence, but rather several that are exhibited through
a person’s interests and abilities. Gardner’s model included
eight abilities that he concluded to be intelligences including
musical, visual-spacial, verbal-linguistic, logical, bodily-kinesthetic,
interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
• Phonics:
A method of teaching elementary reading and spelling
based on the
phonetic interpretation of ordinary spelling.