The document discusses passive building systems for heating and cooling. It describes how passive systems use natural ventilation, thermal mass, and solar orientation to maintain indoor comfort without mechanical equipment. Specific passive techniques mentioned include direct/indirect solar gain, thermal mass, shading, ventilation strategies like cross-ventilation and stack effect, solar chimneys, and evaporative cooling. The advantages of passive systems are also listed, such as low maintenance and operating costs.

1. TOPIC: PASSIVE
SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO :
AR. JANMEET KAUR
SUBMITTED TO:
RAJIT KUMAR
{170040020}
SEM- 6TH
B.ARCHITECTURE

2.  Passive systems are effective in net-zero buildings
because they allow the user to maintain comfort in a
space without the need for energy. Common passive
techniques include natural ventilation and the use of
thermal mass.
 Stagnant systems require no power, no moving parts,
no controls and little to no maintenance.
 Built around the Four External Envelope Issues.-Water
/ Air / Vapor / Thermal.

3.  Advantages of Passive
Building Systems
1. One time cost
2. Costs Fixed and Known
- High Cost Certainty
3. Predictable stream of
benefits
4. Typically requires no
Little or No Maintenance
5. No Moving Parts &
works 24 hours per day
 Disadvantages of
Passive Building
Systems
1. Increases First Cost
2. Essentially Fixed
3. Cannot be easily
Upgraded .
4. No Sex appeal or cool
plaques.

4.  Primary elements of passive solar heating are :
 Thermal mass to absorb, store, and distribute heat.
 South-facing windows are designed to let the
sun's heat in while insulating against the cold.
 Open floor plans allow more sun inside.
 There are 3 main methods of passive solar
heating:
 Direct gain
 Indirect gain
 Isolated gain

5. •Living space work as solar
collector, heat absorber and
distribution system.
•South-facing windows.
•Use of thermal mass.

6.  Thermal mass place
between sun and space.
 Use of flat plat collectors.

7.  Sunspace
 Main functions of sunspaces
 Main considerations
 Siting
 Heat Distribution
 Glazing

9. 1. Conservation Levels: Higher than normal levels of insulation
and air tightness
2. Distribution of Solar Glazing: distributed
throughout the building proportional to the heat loss of
each zone
3. Orientation: Optimum within 5 degrees of true south
4. Glazing Tilt: Looking for perpendicular to sun angle in
winter, although vertical efficient where lots of reflective
snow cover
5. Number of glazing layers: 3 to 4 for severe climates, less
otherwise
6. Night insulation and Low-E glazing: Greatly improves
reduction of night heat losses
7. Mixing passive systems can increase comfort levels
General Rules for Passive Solar Heating

10.  Passive cooling systems are least expensive means of
cooling a home which maximizes the efficiency of the
building envelope without any use of mechanical
devices.
• The primary
focus of passive
cooling is:
• Slow heat transfer
into the house.
• Remove unwanted
heat from the
building.

11.  Various passive technologies that can be adopted in the
various climatic zones in India are as follow:
 Shading system
 Ventilation
 Solar chimney
 Thermal mass
 Wind towers
 Evaporative cooling system

12.  The most effective method of cooling a building is to
shade windows, walls and roof of building from direct
solar radiation.
 There are two types of shading system:
 External Shading
 Internal Shading

13.  These method used in external shading:
 Eaves
 Awnings
 Screens and shutters
 Louvers
 Verandahs
 Pergolas
 Trees and shrubs
RetractableAwnings

14. Shade From Pergola
Louvers

15. •Internal shading
can be provided
 using curtains and blinds.
 Internal shadingcan
be a useful
device when:
 The sun penetrates for
only a short time heat
build-up will not be
major problem.
 Windows can he sun be
left open adjacent to
them.
 It is required to reduce
glare.

16.  Passive ventilation is when air is exchanged in a
building through openings in the building envelope
using the stack and wind pressures.
 These are the passive cooling ventilation strategy:
 Cross-Ventilation
 Stack Ventilation

17. •cross-ventilation
 strategies place air inlets
on the windward side and
air outlets on the leeward
 side of the home.

18.  In stack ventilation cool air
is pulled throughout the
home while warmer air
rises above the cool air to
exit through an opening
near the top of the
structure.

19.  A material that has thermal mass is
one that has the capacity to
 absorb, store and release the sun’s heat energy.
 Thebest way to cool a building is
to build with thick stone or masonry.
Material Conductivity
W/m K
Vol. heat
capacity
kJ/m3K
Water 1.9 4186
Castconcrete 1.4 2300
Granite 2.1 2154
Brick 0.72 1360

21. Evaporative cooling lowers indoor air temperature by
evaporating water.
In evaporative cooling, the sensible heat of air is used
to evaporate water, thereby cooling the air, which, in
turn, cools the living space of the building.
 Methods of evaporative cooling include:
• Roof pond systems
• Water spraying

22.  During the day, solar
energy heats the chimney
and the air within it,
creating an updraft of air
in the chimney.
(Pasomarthi)
• Improve the ventilation
using convection
• Stack effect
• Black-painted chimney,
with a partly glazed surface
area towards the top.

23. In a wind tower, the hot air enters the tower through
the openings in
 the tower, gets cooled, and thus becomes heavier and
sinks down.