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Step 1 - Read the Information Below Managers spend one third of their time communicating up and down the organizational hierarchy. Communication is the transfer and understanding of information from one person to another. The communication model comprises of several parts. We want to examine the communication pathway or medium in which communication is delivered. The communication pathway is the way messages are sent, including: Face-to-face meetings. Electronic mail and online discussions. Written letters or memorandums. Telephone or voice-mail, among others. While some people may be better at using certain mediums over others, some mediums can be better suited for the specific message being conveyed. For this week's discussion, suppose you are a manager who needs to communicate several messages to employees of the company. Messages The CEO abruptly resigns after the news media reports that the CEO embezzled millions of dollars. A plan to relocate the company. The death of an employee. The reassignment of one division to a new location. Step 2 - Post a Response Respond to the following for each of the messages above: List the medium (telephone, email, text, face-to-face meeting, etc.) you would use to communicate the message. Explain why you chose that medium over the other possible mediums. Then, consider the importance of the information conveyed in these messages. How might the choice of medium for communication impact trust and credibility among the employees? .
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Apa format1-2 paragraphsreferencesStep 1 - Read the In.docx
Apa format
1-2 paragraphs
references
Step 1 - Read the Information Below
Managers spend one third of their time communicating up and down the organizational hierarchy. Communication is the transfer and understanding of information from one person to another. The communication model comprises of several parts.
We want to examine the communication pathway or medium in which communication is delivered. The communication pathway is the way messages are sent, including:
Face-to-face meetings.
Electronic mail and online discussions.
Written letters or memorandums.
Telephone or voice-mail, among others.
While some people may be better at using certain mediums over others, some mediums can be better suited for the specific message being conveyed. For this week's discussion, suppose you are a manager who needs to communicate several messages to employees of the company.
Messages
The CEO abruptly resigns after the news media reports that the CEO embezzled millions of dollars.
A plan to relocate the company.
The death of an employee.
The reassignment of one division to a new location.
.
Part 1 Post a ResponseManagers spend 13 of their time communic.docx
Part 1: Post a Response
Managers spend 1/3 of their time communicating up and down the organizational hierarchy. Communication is the transfer and understanding of information from one person to another. The communication model comprises of several parts.
We want to examine the Communication Pathway or medium in which communication is delivered. The Communication Pathway is the pathway messages are sent, including:
face-to-face meetings,
electronic mail and online discussions,
written letters or memorandums, and
telephone or voice-mail, among others.
While some people may be better at using certain mediums over others, certain mediums can be better suited for the specific message being conveyed.
For this week’s discussion, suppose you are a manager who needs to communicate several messages to employees of the company.
Messages
1. The CEO abruptly resigns after the news media reported, the CEO embezzles millions of dollars
2. A plan to relocate the company
3. The death of an employee
4. The reassignment of one division to a new location
For each of the messages above:
List the medium (telephone, email, text, face-to-face meeting, etc.) you would use to communicate the message.
Explain why you choose that medium over the other possible mediums.
Then, look at the messages from a general sense and explain how your choices affect trust and credibility among the employees.
"Pay Equity and Benefits" Please respond to the following:
Determine the importance of equal pay between men and women. Then, suggest two (2) valid reasons why their pay may be different for the same position. Justify your response.
Assess the importance of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) when an employer provides benefits of any kind. Classify two (2) pros of an employee using the benefits that the employer provides and at least one (1) con that may be a conflict for an employee using such benefits.
Note:
Refer to cases in your textbook as you formulate your response.
.
Basic Communication Revision
This document discusses various aspects of communication including definitions, elements, functions, forms, models, and importance. It provides definitions of communication as the exchange of information between people using symbols. The key elements of communication are identified as the sender, message, encoding, media, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. Forms of communication described include intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, and mass communication. Models covered are the linear, interactive, and transactional models. The functions and importance of effective communication to organizations are also outlined.
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Business communication refers to sharing information within a company for commercial benefit, as well as promoting products/services to consumers. It encompasses topics like marketing, customer relations, and public relations. Business communication objectives include various forms of electronic, written, and in-person communication. There are key elements and features of business communication, such as the message, sender, receiver, channels, symbols, and feedback. The steps of business communication are forming the idea, encoding it, transmitting it, receiving it, decoding it, and providing feedback. Communication can occur vertically between levels of an organization's hierarchy or horizontally between peers.
286 PART 4 Leading Learning Objectives After studyi.docx
286 PART 4 | Leading
Learning Objectives
After studying Chapter 13, you will be
able to
LO1 Discuss important advantages of
two-way communication.
LO2 Identify communication problems
to avoid.
LO3 Describe when and how to use the
various communication channels.
LO4 Give examples of ways to become
a better “sender” and “receiver”
of information.
LO5 Explain how to improve
downward, upward, and horizontal
communication.
LO6 Summarize how to work with the
company grapevine.
LO7 Describe the boundaryless
organization and its advantages.
13 Communicating
chapter
bat62597_ch13_286-309.indd 286bat62597_ch13_286-309.indd 286 30/09/14 5:03 pm30/09/14 5:03 pm
Final PDF to printer
CHAPTER 13 | Communicating 287
E ffective communication is a fundamental aspect of job performance and managerial effectiveness. 1
It is a primary means by which managers carry
out the responsibilities described throughout this book, such as
making group decisions, sharing a vision, coordinating individ-
uals and work groups within the organization’s structure, hiring
and motivating employees, and leading teams. In these and other
areas of management, managers have to be able to share ideas
clearly and convincingly, and they have to listen effectively to the
ideas of others. Firms that use effective communication are four
times more likely to report high levels of employee engagement
as are firms using less effective communication. 2 In this chapter
we present important communication concepts and practical
guidelines for improving your effectiveness. We also discuss
communication at the interpersonal and organizational levels.
communication the
transmission of information
and meaning from one party
to another through the use
of shared symbols
LO1 Discuss important advantages of two-way
communication
symbols (the words chosen for
the message). Then the sender
transmits, or sends, the message
through some channel, such as a
verbal or written medium.
The receiver decodes the
message (e.g., reads it) and
attempts to interpret the sender’s
meaning. The receiver may pro-
vide feedback to the sender by
encoding a message in response
to the sender’s message.
In one-way communication , information flows in only
one direction—from the sender to the receiver, with no feed-
back loop. A manager sends an e-mail to a subordinate without
asking for a response. An employee phones the information
technology (IT) department and leaves a message requesting
repairs for her computer. A supervisor scolds a production
worker about defects and then storms away.
The communication process often is hampered by noise, or
interference in the system, that blocks perfect understanding.
Noise could be anything that interferes with accurate commu-
nication: ringing telephones, thoughts about other things, or
simple fatigue or stress. ...
Communication Basics
This document provides information on communication including definitions, elements, functions, forms, models, processes, barriers and types of noise. It defines communication as the exchange of information, ideas, attitudes and emotions between people using symbols. The key elements are a sender, message, medium, receiver and feedback. Functions include informing, persuading and relationship building. Forms include intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public and mass communication. Models described are linear, interactive and transactional. The communication process involves encoding, transmitting and decoding messages. Barriers can be organizational, individual or due to noise such as physical, psychological or semantic disturbances.
Unit 2.4: Internal and External Communication
Source: https://www.igcsebusiness.co.uk/uploads/2/6/7/8/26787454/communication_presentation_notes.pdf
Recommended
Apa format1-2 paragraphsreferencesStep 1 - Read the In.docx
Apa format
1-2 paragraphs
references
Step 1 - Read the Information Below
Managers spend one third of their time communicating up and down the organizational hierarchy. Communication is the transfer and understanding of information from one person to another. The communication model comprises of several parts.
We want to examine the communication pathway or medium in which communication is delivered. The communication pathway is the way messages are sent, including:
Face-to-face meetings.
Electronic mail and online discussions.
Written letters or memorandums.
Telephone or voice-mail, among others.
While some people may be better at using certain mediums over others, some mediums can be better suited for the specific message being conveyed. For this week's discussion, suppose you are a manager who needs to communicate several messages to employees of the company.
Messages
The CEO abruptly resigns after the news media reports that the CEO embezzled millions of dollars.
A plan to relocate the company.
The death of an employee.
The reassignment of one division to a new location.
.
Part 1 Post a ResponseManagers spend 13 of their time communic.docx
Part 1: Post a Response
Managers spend 1/3 of their time communicating up and down the organizational hierarchy. Communication is the transfer and understanding of information from one person to another. The communication model comprises of several parts.
We want to examine the Communication Pathway or medium in which communication is delivered. The Communication Pathway is the pathway messages are sent, including:
face-to-face meetings,
electronic mail and online discussions,
written letters or memorandums, and
telephone or voice-mail, among others.
While some people may be better at using certain mediums over others, certain mediums can be better suited for the specific message being conveyed.
For this week’s discussion, suppose you are a manager who needs to communicate several messages to employees of the company.
Messages
1. The CEO abruptly resigns after the news media reported, the CEO embezzles millions of dollars
2. A plan to relocate the company
3. The death of an employee
4. The reassignment of one division to a new location
For each of the messages above:
List the medium (telephone, email, text, face-to-face meeting, etc.) you would use to communicate the message.
Explain why you choose that medium over the other possible mediums.
Then, look at the messages from a general sense and explain how your choices affect trust and credibility among the employees.
"Pay Equity and Benefits" Please respond to the following:
Determine the importance of equal pay between men and women. Then, suggest two (2) valid reasons why their pay may be different for the same position. Justify your response.
Assess the importance of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) when an employer provides benefits of any kind. Classify two (2) pros of an employee using the benefits that the employer provides and at least one (1) con that may be a conflict for an employee using such benefits.
Note:
Refer to cases in your textbook as you formulate your response.
.
Basic Communication Revision
This document discusses various aspects of communication including definitions, elements, functions, forms, models, and importance. It provides definitions of communication as the exchange of information between people using symbols. The key elements of communication are identified as the sender, message, encoding, media, decoding, receiver, feedback, and noise. Forms of communication described include intrapersonal, interpersonal, small group, public, and mass communication. Models covered are the linear, interactive, and transactional models. The functions and importance of effective communication to organizations are also outlined.
Technologically/Computer Mediated Communication
The scope and trends of Organizations have been chaged after the emergence of Technological Revolution. It has changed our culture and social order. This Presentation is related to the Technologically Mediated Communication in organizations...
Importance of business communication for developing buyer
Business communication refers to sharing information within a company for commercial benefit, as well as promoting products/services to consumers. It encompasses topics like marketing, customer relations, and public relations. Business communication objectives include various forms of electronic, written, and in-person communication. There are key elements and features of business communication, such as the message, sender, receiver, channels, symbols, and feedback. The steps of business communication are forming the idea, encoding it, transmitting it, receiving it, decoding it, and providing feedback. Communication can occur vertically between levels of an organization's hierarchy or horizontally between peers.
286 PART 4 Leading Learning Objectives After studyi.docx
286 PART 4 | Leading
Learning Objectives
After studying Chapter 13, you will be
able to
LO1 Discuss important advantages of
two-way communication.
LO2 Identify communication problems
to avoid.
LO3 Describe when and how to use the
various communication channels.
LO4 Give examples of ways to become
a better “sender” and “receiver”
of information.
LO5 Explain how to improve
downward, upward, and horizontal
communication.
LO6 Summarize how to work with the
company grapevine.
LO7 Describe the boundaryless
organization and its advantages.
13 Communicating
chapter
bat62597_ch13_286-309.indd 286bat62597_ch13_286-309.indd 286 30/09/14 5:03 pm30/09/14 5:03 pm
Final PDF to printer
CHAPTER 13 | Communicating 287
E ffective communication is a fundamental aspect of job performance and managerial effectiveness. 1
It is a primary means by which managers carry
out the responsibilities described throughout this book, such as
making group decisions, sharing a vision, coordinating individ-
uals and work groups within the organization’s structure, hiring
and motivating employees, and leading teams. In these and other
areas of management, managers have to be able to share ideas
clearly and convincingly, and they have to listen effectively to the
ideas of others. Firms that use effective communication are four
times more likely to report high levels of employee engagement
as are firms using less effective communication. 2 In this chapter
we present important communication concepts and practical
guidelines for improving your effectiveness. We also discuss
communication at the interpersonal and organizational levels.
communication the
transmission of information
and meaning from one party
to another through the use
of shared symbols
LO1 Discuss important advantages of two-way
communication
symbols (the words chosen for
the message). Then the sender
transmits, or sends, the message
through some channel, such as a
verbal or written medium.
The receiver decodes the
message (e.g., reads it) and
attempts to interpret the sender’s
meaning. The receiver may pro-
vide feedback to the sender by
encoding a message in response
to the sender’s message.
In one-way communication , information flows in only
one direction—from the sender to the receiver, with no feed-
back loop. A manager sends an e-mail to a subordinate without
asking for a response. An employee phones the information
technology (IT) department and leaves a message requesting
repairs for her computer. A supervisor scolds a production
worker about defects and then storms away.
The communication process often is hampered by noise, or
interference in the system, that blocks perfect understanding.
Noise could be anything that interferes with accurate commu-
nication: ringing telephones, thoughts about other things, or
simple fatigue or stress. ...
Communication Basics
This document provides information on communication including definitions, elements, functions, forms, models, processes, barriers and types of noise. It defines communication as the exchange of information, ideas, attitudes and emotions between people using symbols. The key elements are a sender, message, medium, receiver and feedback. Functions include informing, persuading and relationship building. Forms include intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public and mass communication. Models described are linear, interactive and transactional. The communication process involves encoding, transmitting and decoding messages. Barriers can be organizational, individual or due to noise such as physical, psychological or semantic disturbances.
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Source: https://www.igcsebusiness.co.uk/uploads/2/6/7/8/26787454/communication_presentation_notes.pdf
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Module 1 - communication skills bu 2015.pptx rev
Provides a permanent record
that can be referred to again and again
3. Structure Less structured
Flexible
More structured
Rigid format
4. Feedback Immediate feedback
Clarification possible
Feedback delayed
Clarification difficult
5. Range Short range
Face to face
Long range
Can reach wider
audience
Business communication Chapter 1-4
For more Details visit : www.myallgarbage.blogspot.com
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Statistica Sinica 16(2006), 847-860PSEUDO-R2IN LOGIS.docx
Statistica Sinica 16(2006), 847-860
PSEUDO-R
2
IN LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL
Bo Hu, Jun Shao and Mari Palta
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Abstract: Logistic regression with binary and multinomial outcomes is commonly
used, and researchers have long searched for an interpretable measure of the strength
of a particular logistic model. This article describes the large sample properties
of some pseudo-R2 statistics for assessing the predictive strength of the logistic
regression model. We present theoretical results regarding the convergence and
asymptotic normality of pseudo-R2s. Simulation results and an example are also
presented. The behavior of the pseudo-R2s is investigated numerically across a
range of conditions to aid in practical interpretation.
Key words and phrases: Entropy, logistic regression, pseudo-R2
1. Introduction
Logistic regression for binary and multinomial outcomes is commonly used
in health research. Researchers often desire a statistic ranging from zero to one
to summarize the overall strength of a given model, with zero indicating a model
with no predictive value and one indicating a perfect fit. The coefficient of deter-
mination R2 for the linear regression model serves as a standard for such measures
(Draper and Smith (1998)). Statisticians have searched for a corresponding in-
dicator for models with binary/multinomial outcome. Many different R2 statis-
tics have been proposed in the past three decades (see, e.g., McFadden (1973),
McKelvey and Zavoina (1975), Maddala (1983), Agresti (1986), Nagelkerke
(1991), Cox and Wermuch (1992), Ash and Shwartz (1999), Zheng and Agresti
(2000)). These statistics, which are usually identical to the standard R2 when
applied to a linear model, generally fall into categories of entropy-based and
variance-based (Mittlböck and Schemper (1996)). Entropy-based R2 statistics,
also called pseudo-R2s, have gained some popularity in the social sciences (Mad-
dala (1983), Laitila (1993) and Long (1997)). McKelvey and Zavoina (1975)
proposed a pseudo-R2 based on a latent model structure, where the binary/
multinomial outcome results from discretizing a continuous latent variable that
is related to the predictors through a linear model. Their pseudo-R2 is defined
as the proportion of the variance of the latent variable that is explained by the
848 BO HU, JUN SHAO AND MARI PALTA
covariate. McFadden (1973) suggested an alternative, known as “likelihood-
ratio index”, comparing a model without any predictor to a model including all
predictors. It is defined as one minus the ratio of the log likelihood with inter-
cepts only, and the log likelihood with all predictors. If the slope parameters
are all 0, McFadden’s R2 is 0, but it is never 1. Maddala (1983) developed
another pseudo-R2 that can be applied to any model estimated by the maximum
likelihood method. This popular and widely used measure is expressed as
R2M = 1 −
(
L(θ̃)
L(θ̂)
)
2
n
, (1)
.
Stations yourself somewhere (library, cafeteria, etc.) and observe.docx
Stations yourself somewhere (library, cafeteria, etc.) and observe the nonverbal communication that occurs.
What do people say with their bodies?
What messages are implicit in vocal expressions, clothes, make-up and so on?
Take notes on five of the most eloquent messages sent nonverbally.
*one page.
*Read the instructions then write about 5 difeerent people
.
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effective communication.ppt
Effective communication in business is essential for coordination, trust, and performance. Communication involves both sending and receiving messages through various channels. However, barriers like noise, distortion, conflicts, and improper understanding of communication patterns can disrupt the intended message. To overcome these challenges, organizations should encourage feedback, address conflicts constructively, and ensure diverse and appropriate communication flows among all levels.
communication_skills_and_management.ppt.pdf
The document provides an overview of communication skills and management topics. It discusses various modes of communication including internal and external communication, verbal and written communication, and modern communication methods. It also covers communication styles, barriers to effective communication, and government agencies and private companies involved in telecommunication services. Key learning outcomes include communicating ideas using business terminology, applying business management skills, and demonstrating understanding of communication strategies and operations management.
Ob module 2
This document discusses organizational communication. It begins by defining communication and explaining that communication is the process of transmitting information from one person to another. It then discusses the objectives, importance, and forms of communication within organizations. Specifically, it explains that communication allows organizations to achieve goals, coordinate actions, make decisions, and express emotions. The document also summarizes the communication process, types of communication (written, oral, nonverbal), and forms of organizational communication (vertical, informal). Finally, it discusses gateways and barriers to effective communication like noise, timing, channels, information, and structure.
Importance of communication
Effective communication is important for organizations to learn new skills, become more responsive to customers, and improve products and services. Communication involves transmission of a message from a sender to a receiver through a medium. It is a two-way process that includes feedback to ensure understanding. Choosing an appropriate communication medium depends on factors like information richness, need for documentation, and whether feedback is required. Managers must develop strong communication skills as both senders and receivers of information to be effective leaders.
What is Communication_ Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication.pdf
Communication is fundamental to the existence and survival of humans as well as to an organization. It is a process of creating and sharing ideas, information, views, facts, feelings from one place, person or group to another. Communication is the key to the Directing function of management.
Special Problems on Administrative Communication.pdf
The document discusses several concepts related to administrative communication, including:
1) Communication involves the transfer and understanding of meaning between two or more parties and is a thinking, two-way, social, and symbolic process.
2) There are various barriers to effective communication, such as organizational, language, psychological, and managerial barriers.
3) Special problems in administrative communication include filtering information to manage reactions and selective perception, where people filter what they see and hear to suit their own needs. Information overload can also occur when the information processing demands exceed an individual's capacity.
Effective communication skills
This document discusses the importance of communication skills for personal and professional success. It addresses common myths about writing at work, noting that all professionals need strong writing abilities. The document outlines different forms of organizational communication, including internal operational, external operational, and personal communication. It also describes the communication network within organizations, including formal and informal channels. Finally, it provides an overview of the basic process of communication, from ideation to encoding, transmission, decoding, response, and the challenges of ensuring accurate understanding.
Module 1 - communication skills bu 2015.pptx rev
Provides a permanent record
that can be referred to again and again
3. Structure Less structured
Flexible
More structured
Rigid format
4. Feedback Immediate feedback
Clarification possible
Feedback delayed
Clarification difficult
5. Range Short range
Face to face
Long range
Can reach wider
audience
Business communication Chapter 1-4
For more Details visit : www.myallgarbage.blogspot.com
Fundamentals of Business Communication
Mastering Listening and Non-verbal Communication
Communication Teams
Communication Interculturally
Business etiquette and professional Grooming
Organizational communication
This document discusses different types of organizational communication. It describes formal communication as flowing through prescribed channels, including vertical communication up and down the hierarchy as well as horizontal communication between peers. It notes limitations of downward, upward, and horizontal formal communication. Informal communication is defined as occurring through nonofficial channels, including the grapevine, which is an informal method of spreading information.
2. Types and Barriers.pptx
The document discusses types and barriers of business communication. It describes different patterns of internal communication including vertical, horizontal, and network communication. It also discusses formal vs informal communication and serial communication. External communication patterns and types of communication including verbal oral/written and non-verbal are outlined. Finally, the document lists several factors that can act as barriers to effective business communication such as status, culture, choice of channel, language used, disabilities, atmosphere and lack of feedback.
C&n
This document discusses various aspects of communication including definitions, models, factors influencing organizational communication, and negotiating conflicts. It defines communication as sharing meaning through symbolic messages. The communication model involves a sender encoding a message, which is sent through a channel and decoded by the receiver. There may be feedback. Vertical, lateral, formal, and informal communication networks influence information sharing in organizations. Negotiation is used to manage conflicts through communication and bargaining to reach agreements beneficial to both parties.
The components of the communication process
The document discusses the components and flows of communication in an organization. It identifies the main components as the context, sender, message, medium, receiver, and feedback. It describes the different flows of communication as downward from managers to subordinates, upward from subordinates to managers, lateral between peers, diagonal between different departments, and external with outside groups. It also discusses the importance of feedback in the communication process and defines grapevine communication as informal channels that spread rapidly throughout an organization.
Business communication
This document provides an overview of communication concepts including definitions of communication, the communication process, types of communication channels, and objectives of formal and informal communication. Some key points:
- Communication is defined as the sharing or exchanging of ideas, feelings, information, or experience between two or more people. It involves a sender encoding a message, choosing a channel to transmit the message, the receiver decoding the message, and providing feedback.
- There are different types of formal communication channels including downward, upward, vertical, horizontal, and diagonal. Downward communication is from higher to lower levels in an organization. Upward communication allows for employee feedback.
- Objectives of formal communication include getting work done, motivating
Similar to Step 1 - Read the Information BelowManagers spend one third of t.docx (20)
module7communicationforworkpurposes1-211112151430-1.pdf
module7communicationforworkpurposes1-211112151430-1.pdf
What is Communication_ Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication.pdf
What is Communication_ Verbal, Non-Verbal, Types of Communication.pdf
Special Problems on Administrative Communication.pdf
Special Problems on Administrative Communication.pdf
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Statistica Sinica 16(2006), 847-860PSEUDO-R2IN LOGIS.docx
Statistica Sinica 16(2006), 847-860
PSEUDO-R
2
IN LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODEL
Bo Hu, Jun Shao and Mari Palta
University of Wisconsin-Madison
Abstract: Logistic regression with binary and multinomial outcomes is commonly
used, and researchers have long searched for an interpretable measure of the strength
of a particular logistic model. This article describes the large sample properties
of some pseudo-R2 statistics for assessing the predictive strength of the logistic
regression model. We present theoretical results regarding the convergence and
asymptotic normality of pseudo-R2s. Simulation results and an example are also
presented. The behavior of the pseudo-R2s is investigated numerically across a
range of conditions to aid in practical interpretation.
Key words and phrases: Entropy, logistic regression, pseudo-R2
1. Introduction
Logistic regression for binary and multinomial outcomes is commonly used
in health research. Researchers often desire a statistic ranging from zero to one
to summarize the overall strength of a given model, with zero indicating a model
with no predictive value and one indicating a perfect fit. The coefficient of deter-
mination R2 for the linear regression model serves as a standard for such measures
(Draper and Smith (1998)). Statisticians have searched for a corresponding in-
dicator for models with binary/multinomial outcome. Many different R2 statis-
tics have been proposed in the past three decades (see, e.g., McFadden (1973),
McKelvey and Zavoina (1975), Maddala (1983), Agresti (1986), Nagelkerke
(1991), Cox and Wermuch (1992), Ash and Shwartz (1999), Zheng and Agresti
(2000)). These statistics, which are usually identical to the standard R2 when
applied to a linear model, generally fall into categories of entropy-based and
variance-based (Mittlböck and Schemper (1996)). Entropy-based R2 statistics,
also called pseudo-R2s, have gained some popularity in the social sciences (Mad-
dala (1983), Laitila (1993) and Long (1997)). McKelvey and Zavoina (1975)
proposed a pseudo-R2 based on a latent model structure, where the binary/
multinomial outcome results from discretizing a continuous latent variable that
is related to the predictors through a linear model. Their pseudo-R2 is defined
as the proportion of the variance of the latent variable that is explained by the
848 BO HU, JUN SHAO AND MARI PALTA
covariate. McFadden (1973) suggested an alternative, known as “likelihood-
ratio index”, comparing a model without any predictor to a model including all
predictors. It is defined as one minus the ratio of the log likelihood with inter-
cepts only, and the log likelihood with all predictors. If the slope parameters
are all 0, McFadden’s R2 is 0, but it is never 1. Maddala (1983) developed
another pseudo-R2 that can be applied to any model estimated by the maximum
likelihood method. This popular and widely used measure is expressed as
R2M = 1 −
(
L(θ̃)
L(θ̂)
)
2
n
, (1)
.
Stations yourself somewhere (library, cafeteria, etc.) and observe.docx
Stations yourself somewhere (library, cafeteria, etc.) and observe the nonverbal communication that occurs.
What do people say with their bodies?
What messages are implicit in vocal expressions, clothes, make-up and so on?
Take notes on five of the most eloquent messages sent nonverbally.
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*Read the instructions then write about 5 difeerent people
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StatementState legislatures continue to advance policy proposals.docx
Statement
State legislatures continue to advance policy proposals to address cyber threats directed at governments and private businesses. As threats continue to evolve and expand and as the pace of new technologies accelerates, legislatures are making cybersecurity measures a higher priority.
Assignment
You are to author a 2-page (maximum) paper about the “failed” amendments proposed by the Kentucky legislature in 2019 with respect to Cyber Policy. APA format – 1 cover page, 2 content pages, and 1 reference page.
You are to answer two questions in your individual papers.
Brief background of the proposed amendment and “researched” speculation as to why it failed?
What would you propose for them to pass in 2020?
Remember to cite your sources appropriately and turn in original work!
Section 54
KY S 14
Status: Failed - Adjourned
Provides definitions relating to personal information, provides certain personal information that shall be protected from disclosure by a public agency or third-party contractor through redaction or other means, provides a list of covered persons, provides guidelines for contracts between a public agency and a third-party contractor.
.
StatementState legislatures continue to advance policy propo.docx
Statement
State legislatures continue to advance policy proposals to address cyber threats directed at governments and private businesses. As threats continue to evolve and expand and as the pace of new technologies accelerates, legislatures are making cybersecurity measures a higher priority.
Assignment
You are to author a 2-page (maximum) paper about the “failed” amendments proposed by the Kentucky legislature in 2019 with respect to Cyber Policy. APA format – 1 cover page, 2 content pages, and 1 reference page.
You are to answer two questions in your individual papers.
Brief background of the proposed amendment and “researched” speculation as to why it failed?
What would you propose for them to pass in 2020?
Remember to cite your sources appropriately and turn in original work!
KY S 14
Status: Failed - Adjourned
Provides definitions relating to personal information, provides certain personal information that shall be protected from disclosure by a public agency or third-party contractor through redaction or other means, provides a list of covered persons, provides guidelines for contracts between a public agency and a third-party contractor.
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Statement of Purpose
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The statement of purpose is a short essay introducing the applicant and his or her
interests, goals, and reasons for pursuing graduate study in history. Applicants may wish
to share a draft of their statement with the individuals writing their letters of
recommendation. While every statement, like every prospective student, will be different,
applicants should devote special attention to the following items:
• Academic/Professional Background: Please give your academic credentials, with
degrees, dates, and relevant employment experience. You do not need to list every
job you have had, only those that bear directly on your desire to enter graduate
school.
• Motivations and Aims: Explain what motivates you to do graduate work in history
and what your goals are, both within the graduate program and after the
completion of your degree.
• Existing Expertise and Accomplishments in History: Discuss any areas of
expertise you may already have in your proposed area of interest. If you have
experience doing research, please describe the project and your work on it. If you
have any special talents or skills, such as a foreign language, please describe
them.
• Proposed Course of Study: Please identify planned major field and minor fields of
study.
• Other Relevant Experiences or Personal Qualities: Discuss any experiences or
personal attributes that may illuminate your commitment to the study of history
and to the successful completion of the graduate program.
Format: Your statement of purpose should be limited to no more than 750 words
(between 2 and 3 pages).
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States and the federal government should not use private prisons for various reasons. First, most of the private prisons are for-profit facilities. Therefore, they cut on expenses such as lacking enough staffing and resources, which is likely to affect inmates' safety and quality of life. Further, while pro-private prisons note that private prisons save taxpayers' money, studies indicate that they do not reduce costs. For instance, the day to day cost of housing an inmate in 2010 was $53.02 for private prisons compared to $48.42 for a medium-security public prison (Pedowitz, 2012). Also, prisoners do not receive similar kinds of treatment in private facilities. While they may be suitable for the local economy, such as offering job opportunities, lowering costs by private facilities leaves inmates sick and not well cared for (NPR Staff, 2011).
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StatementState legislatures continue to advance policy proposa.docx
The document discusses a 2-page paper assignment on failed cybersecurity amendments proposed by the Kentucky legislature in 2019. Students are asked to analyze why one amendment failed and propose a new amendment for 2020. The failed amendment, KY S 14, aimed to protect personal information from disclosure by public agencies or third-party contractors.
Statement of Interest (This is used to apply for Graduate Schoo.docx
Statement of Interest: (This is used to apply for Graduate School, digital media program)
Length: 2 pages. (500-750 words)
Area of interest in digital media.
-computational arts.
I did a mix media group exhibition in Feb. 2018 called What Makes You You. Half of my show is a sculpture-based installation. The other half is an interactive digital programed art(using Processing software). The visual of human evolution ties these two park together. See details at https://dongpu.weebly.com/what-makes-you-you.html
-short videos (documentary production).
I love shooting short videos. I formed a Youtube team called 2037 Club last year. https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmtUQfDMvL9iE8IOy9oshSA
The latest documentary I did is called Liang(Grain). Video Statement：This documentary discovers the Chinese planned economy history period, which starts at the 1950s. People were given a certain amount of coupons to buy food and daily needs because of the limitation of products. Since this is a historical theme, reference images are included to support the concept of buying food today and before 1990. Other than that, the visuals are mainly about common people’s daily routine nowadays. Along with the visual, the most artistic part in this video is Shanghainese dialogue, which explained food coupons in the way of storytelling. “I accidentally found many food coupons in my grandparents’ house this summer, so I went to ask them about the experiences they had with these coupons. My curiosity leads me to the theme.” said by the producer.
This particular video also has a different meaning to me. My Grandmother passed away one week before the video published at the film festival (at Scottsdale Museum of Commemoratory Art). This piece becomes memorable to me, sadly, my grandmother never had a chance to see the whole piece.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fD0Y-BXDfnY
-3D animation for games
I learned Maya in an animation course. Like editing videos, I soon full in love with 3D modeling.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGIRxaUdYiY
Business idea, if an applicant has one. It is fine if an applicant is unsure when applying to the program. It is also fine if an applicant is interested in the artistic aspect of digital media and not the entrepreneurial aspect.
I would like to complete a mobile game project in my Graduate studies period and start a game company after graduation. Meanwhile, still active in the art field being an intermedia artist.
Goals or expectations upon completion of the digital media program.
-I want to learn more about computer technologies to create artistic works. Focusing on the field of game development.
-Do more social, get to know people in my field
-Get professional advices of my projects
Here is my cover letter, you can utilize this for the statement of interest.
As a creative and passionate professional with a rich history of developing creative materials, I am eager to submit my resume for consideration for the (Position Title) position .
StatementState legislatures continue to advance policy prop.docx
Statement
State legislatures continue to advance policy proposals to address cyber threats directed at governments and private businesses. As threats continue to evolve and expand and as the pace of new technologies accelerates, legislatures are making cybersecurity measures a higher priority.
Assignment
You are page amendments to author a 2-page (maximum) paper about the “failed” amendments proposed by the Kentucky legislature in 2019 with respect to Cyber Policy. APA format – 1 cover page, 2 content pages, and 1 reference pageamendments proposed.
You are to answer two questions in your individual papers.
Brief background of the proposed amendment and “researched” speculation as to why it failed?
What would you propose for them to pass in 2020?
.
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Statement of cash flows (indirect method)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income
72,600
adjustments to net income
depreciation
4,000
Gan on sale of investments
-7,000
Increase in AR
-36,000
Decrease in inventory
40,000
Increased in Accounts payable
13,000
Decrease in Accrued liabilities
-3,100
net cash provided by operating activities
83,500
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of Plant assets
-16,000
Sale of long-term investments
20,000
net cash provided by investing activities
4,000
Cash flows from financing activities
retiement of bonds
-31,000
payment of dividend
-32,500
sale of common stock
6,000
net cash provided by financing activities
-57,500
net increase in cash
30,000
Cash balance, beginning
230,000
cash balance, ending
260,000
Statement of Cash flows (direct method)
Cash flows from operating activities
cash received from customers
714,000
(sales - increase in AR)
cash paid for merchandise
477,000
(cogs - decrease in invnetory - increase in AP)
cash paid for other operating expenes
105,100
(selling & admin exp + decrease in accrued liab - depreciation)
cash paid for income taxes
48,400
net cash provided b oeprating activities
83,500
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of Plant assets
-16,000
Sale of long-term investments
20,000
net cash provided by investing activities
4,000
Cash flows from financing activities
retiement of bonds
-31,000
payment of dividend
-32,500
sale of common stock
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net cash provided by financing activities
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net increase in cash
30,000
Cash balance, beginning
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cash balance, ending
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Stateline Shipping and Transport Company
Rachel Sundusky is the manager of the South-Atlantic office of the Stateline Shipping and Transport Company. She is in the process of negotiating a new shipping contract with Polychem, a company that manufactures chemicals for industrial use. Polychem want Stateline to pick up and transport waste products from its six plants to three waste disposal sites. Rachel is very concerned about this proposed arrangement. The chemical wastes that will be hauled can be hazardous to humans and the environment if they leak. In addition, a number of towns and communities in the region where the plants are located prohibit hazardous materials from being shipped through their municipal limits. Thus, not only will the shipments have to be handled carefully and transported at reduced speeds, they will also have to traverse circuitous routes in many cases. Rachel has estimated the cost of shipping a barrel of waste from each of the six plants to each of the three waste disposal sites as shown in the following table:
Waste Disposal Site
Plant
Whitewater
Los Canos
Duras
Kingsport
$12
$15
$17
Danville
14
9
10
Macon
13
20
11
Selma
17
16
19
Columbus
7
14
12
Allentown
22
16
18
The plants generate the following amounts of waste products each week:
Plant
Waste per Week (bbl)
Kingsport
35
Danville
26
Macon
42
Selma
53
Columbus
29
Allentown
38
The three waste disposal sites at Whitewater, Los Canos, and Duras can accommodate a maximum of 65, 80, and 105 barrels per week respectively. In addition to shipping directly from each of the six plants to one of the three waste disposal sites, Rachel is also considering using each of the plants and waste disposal sites as intermediate shipping points. Trucks would be able to drop a load at a plant or disposal site to be picked up and carried on to the final destination by another truck, and vice versa. Stateline would not incur any handling costs because Polychem has agreed to take care of all local handling of the waste materials at the plants and the waste disposal sites. In other words, the only cost Stateline incurs is the actual transportation cost. So Rachel wants to be able to consider the possibility that it may be cheaper to drop and pick up loads at intermediate points rather than ship them directly. Rachel estimates the shipping costs per barrel between each of the six plants to be as follows:
Plant
Plant
Kingsport
Danville
Macon
Selma
Columbus
Allentown
Kingsport
$ __
$6
$4
$9
$7
$8
Danville
6
__
11
10
12
7
Macon
5
11
__
3
7
15
Selma
9
10
3
__
3
16
Columbus
7
12
7
3
__
14
Allentown
8
7
15
16
14
__
The e.
State Two ways in which Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons differed. .docx
State Two ways in which Neanderthals and Cro-Magnons differed.
List an important achievement for each of these scientist. Aristarchus, Euclid, Archimedes, and Herophilus
"Civilizations" is defined as the stage of development in which people have developed :
1. large, permanet communites.
2. a system of writing
3. divirsion
4. trade
5. a srtong central goverment
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STAT 3300 Homework #6Due Thursday, 03282019Note Answe.docx
This document outlines a homework assignment for a statistics course. It provides details on a multiple regression analysis examining the relationship between average student debt and various college metrics like admission rates, graduation rates, and in-state costs. The assignment asks students to conduct the multiple regression, analyze residuals, test hypotheses, and determine which variables are significant predictors of debt. It also provides learning objectives for a chapter on juvenile justice treatment and prevention programs.
State Standard by Content AreaLiteracy State Standard to Integra.docx
State Standard by Content Area
Literacy State Standard to Integrate into Another Content Area
Use a different literacy standard for each content standard.
Standards-based Learning Objective
Aligned to content standards
Instructional Strategy to Integrate Literacy
Resources
Provide links to websites, PDFs, and any other documents used or referenced for strategy
Rationale
How the strategy will promote balanced literacy curriculum
State Content Standard 1:
State Content Standard 2:
State Content Standard 3:
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STAT200 Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and.docx
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup - Instructions
Page 1 of 3
STAT200 Introduction to Statistics
Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
In the first assignment (Assignment #1: Descriptive Statistics Analysis Data Plan), you developed a
scenario about annual household expenditures and a plan for analyzing the data using descriptive
statistic methods. The purpose of this assignment is to carry out the descriptive statistics analysis plan
and write up the results. The expected outcome of this assignment is a two to three page write-up of
the findings from your analysis as well as a recommendation.
Assignment Steps:
Step #1: Review Feedback from Your Instructor
Before performing any analysis, please make sure to review your instructor’s feedback on Assignment
#1: Descriptive Statistics Data Analysis Plan. Based on the feedback, modify variables, tables, and
selected statistics, graphs, and tables, if needed.
Step #2: Perform Descriptive Statistic Analysis
Task 1: Look at the dataset.
• (Re)Familiarize yourself with the variables. Review Table 1: Variables Selected for the
Analysis you generated for the first assignment as well as your instructor’s feedback. In
addition, look at the data dictionary contained in the data set for information about the
variables.
• Select the variables you need for the analysis.
Task 2: Complete your data analysis, as outlined in your first assignment, with any needed
modifications, based on your instructor’s feedback.
• Calculate Measures of Central Tendency and Variability. Use the information from
Assignment #1 - Table 2. Numerical Summaries of the Selected Variables. Here again,
be sure to see your instructor’s feedback and incorporate into the analysis.
• Prepare Graphs and/or Tables. Use the information from Assignment #1 - Table 3.
Type of Graphs and/or Tables for Selected Variables. Here again, be sure to see your
instructor’s feedback and incorporate into the analysis.
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup - Instructions
Page 2 of 3
Step #3: Write-up findings using the Provided Template
For this part of the assignment, write a short 2-3 page write-up of the process you followed and the
findings from your analysis. You will describe, in words, the statistical analysis used and present the
results in both statistical/text and graphic formats.
Here are the main sections for this assignment:
✓ Identifying Information. Fill in information on name, class, instructor, and date.
✓ Introduction. For this section, use the same scenario you submitted for the first assignment and
modified using your instructor’s feedback, if needed. Include Table 1 (Table 1: Variables
Selected for the Analysis) you used in Assignment #1 to show the variables you selected for the
analysis.
✓ Data .
STAT200 Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis Writeup -.docx
STAT200: Assignment #2 - Descriptive Statistics Analysis Writeup - Template
Page 3 of 3
University of Maryland University College
STAT200 - Assignment #2: Descriptive Statistics Analysis and Writeup
Identifying Information
Student (Full Name):
Class:
Instructor:
Date:
Introduction:
Use the same scenario you submitted for the first assignment with modifications using your instructor’s feedback, if needed. Include Table 1: Variables Selected for the Analysis you used in Assignment #1 to show the variables you selected for analysis.
Table 1. Variables Selected for the Analysis
Variable Name in data set
Description
Type of Variable (Qualitative or Quantitative)
Variable 1: “Income”
Annual household income in USD.
Quantitative
Variable 2:
Variable 3:
Variable 4:
Variable 5:
Data Set Description and Method Used for Analysis:
Results:
Variable 1: Income
Numerical Summary.
Table 2. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 1
Variable
n
Measure(s) of Central Tendency
Measure(s) of Dispersion
Variable: Income
Median=
SD =
Graph and/or Table: Histogram of Income
(Place Histogram here)
Description of Findings.
Variable 2: (Fill in name of variable)
Numerical Summary.
Table 3. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 2
Variable
n
Measure(s) of Central Tendency
Measure(s) of Dispersion
Variable:
Graph and/or Table.
(Place Graph or Table Here)
Description of Findings.
Variable 3: (Fill in name of variable)
Numerical Summary.
Table 4. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 3
Variable
n
Measure(s) of Central Tendency
Measure(s) of Dispersion
Variable:
Graph and/or Table.
(Place Graph or Table Here)
Description of Findings.
Variable 4: (Fill in name of variable)
Numerical Summary.
Table 5. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 4
Variable
N
Mean/Median
St. Dev.
Variable 4:
Graph and/or Table.
(Place Graph or Table Here)
Description of Findings.
Variable 5: (Fill in name of variable)
Numerical Summary.
Table 6. Descriptive Analysis for Variable 5
Variable
n
Measure(s) of Central Tendency
Measure(s) of Dispersion
Variable:
Graph and/or Table.
(Place Graph or Table Here)
Description of Findings.
Discussion and Conclusion.
Briefly discuss each variable in the same sequence as presented in the results. What has the highest expenditure? What variable has the lowest expenditure? If you were to recommend a place to save money, which expenditure would it be and why? Note: The section should be no more than 2 paragraphs.
STAT200 Introduction to Statistics
Dataset for Written Assignments
Description of Dataset:
The data is a random sample from the US Department of Labor’s 2016 Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CE) and provides information about the composition of households and their annual expenditures (https://www.bls.gov/cex/). It contains information from 30 households, where a survey responder provided the requested information; it is all self-reported information. This dataset contains four socioeconomic variables (whose names.
State legislatures continue to advance policy proposals to address c.docx
The document discusses a 2-page paper assignment on failed cybersecurity policy amendments proposed by the Kentucky legislature in 2019. Students are asked to answer two questions: 1) provide a brief background on a proposed amendment that failed and speculate on why it failed, and 2) propose an amendment for the legislature to pass in 2020. The assignment requires citing sources and original work, and is due by the specified date. It also provides background on one failed proposed amendment related to protecting personal information.
State FLORIDAInstructionsThis written assignment requ.docx
State: FLORIDA
Instructions
This written assignment requires the student to investigate his/her local, state and federal legislators and explore their assigned committees and legislative commitments. The student is expected to investigate current and actual legislative initiatives that have either passed or pending approval by the house, senate or Governor’s office. The student will draft a letter to a specific legislator and offer support or constructive argument against pending policy or legislation. The letter must be supported with a minimum of 3 evidence based primary citations. (See Rubric)
Submission Details:
Support your responses with examples.
Cite any sources in APA format.
Submit your document to the
Submissions Area
by
the due date assigned.
.
State of the Science Quality ImprovementNameInst.docx
State of the Science Quality ImprovementNameInstitutionsDate
Abstract
The condition of chronic heart failure sometimes is referred to as congestive heart failure (CHF), which is recognized as an acute life-threatening disease that majorly affects millions of American citizens annually. The condition of the chronic heart failure results when the heart is incapable of sufficient pump the blood throughout the body tissues due to the weak heart muscles (January et al., 2019). Certain conditions, such as narrowed arteries in the heart (CAD) or high blood pressure, gradually leave the heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently. Moreover, there are some of the several conditions such as coronary artery diseases and hypertension that leads to acute and chronic heart failure in the body system. More importantly, to avoid the possibility of this dangerous condition as well as the ever-increasing of the re-admitted hospital continue, collectively, the patient must be able to control the earlier stated conditions along with diabetes as well as obesity at home-based care and with their primary healthcare providers as well. According to Santesmases-Masana et al. (2019), "Primary health care planned care has been shown to reduce heart failure re-hospitalizations and maintain the patient quality of life." With this known knowledge, it is important to continue care at home and with their primary care provider to monitor and detect worsening of their condition sooner rather than later with evidence-based treatment practices. There are many evidence-based treatments for chronic heart failure that includes monitoring of vital signs, weight, and diet along with medications. In this paper, chronic heart failure, problem discussion, PICO question, and theoretical framework will be presented.
Problem Discussion
Chronic heart failure is a chief public health care concern linked with the high degree of mortality and morbidity in the U.S. Heart failure usually results in adverse outcomes, and the most costly is the issues of hospital readmissions. Currently, the heart failure management clinical procedures and pieces of evidence emphasizes the significance and the function of the care interventions a mid preventing the heart failure readmissions in the hospital set up. The current literature review is meant to evaluate and assess the effectiveness of transitional care interventions that intend to minimize hospital readmissions. Increase hospital readmission and worsening chronic heart failure complications are due to lack of following of a primary care provider and home monitoring of vital signs, weight, diet, energy level, and breathing patterns by the patient. There are many evidence-based practices and comprehensive guidelines for chronic heart failure treatment with side effects of some medications about individual races. For instance, losartan has little to adverse impact on blacks. Furthermore, according to Hadidi et al. (2018), "It has been.
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