The document provides information on key grammatical concepts in English including subjects, verbs, complements, modifiers, verb phrases and tenses, subject-verb agreement, pronouns, and collective nouns. It defines these terms and provides examples to illustrate them, such as how subjects can be single nouns or noun phrases, verbs can consist of auxiliaries and main verbs in verb phrases, and subject-verb agreement must account for plurality with collective nouns. Pronouns are also explained including personal, possessive, reflexive pronouns.

1. Bahasa
Inggris Bisnis
2
Abitama Satria Panji P (10115042)
Prisky Ratna Aningtiyas (15115398)

2. SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT, MODIFIER
MATERI 1
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3. The subject is the agent of the sentence in the active voice, it is the person or
thing that performs or is responsible for the action of the sentence, and it
normally precedes the verb. Every sentence in English must have a subject.
Subject may be a single noun, example:
Coffee is delicious.
Milk contains calcium.
The subject may be a noun phrase. A noun phrase is group of words ending with
a noun. (It CANNOT begin with a preposition).
That new red car is John’s. (Mobil merah baru itu milik John.)
SUBJECT
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4. 4
Exampleof subjects:
Mary, John, George, and I went to restaurant last night.
The weather was very bad yesterday.
The chemistry professor canceled class today.
Tha bank closed at two o’clock.
it can act as a pronoun for a noun or can be the subject of an impersonal verb. as
the subject of an impersonal verb, the pronoun is not actually used in place of a
noun, but is part of an idiomatic expression.
it rains quite often here in the summer.
it is hard to believe that he is dead.
SUBJECT

5. 5
in some sentences, the true subject does not appear in normal subject position.
there can act as a pseudo-subject and is treated like a subject when changing
word order to a question. however the true subject appears after the verb, and
the number of the true subject controls the verb.
Example:
There was a fire in that building last month.
(verb singular) (subject singular)
Was there a fire in that building last month?
(verb) (subject)
There were many students in the room.
were there many students in the room?
SUBJECT

6. The verb follows the subject in a declarative sentence, it generally
shows the action of the sentence. NOTE: every sentence must
have a verb.
The verb may be a single word.
John drives too fast.
They hate spinach.
VERB
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7. A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the subject because it is usually
a noun or noun phrase, however it generally follows the verb when the sentence
is in the active voice. NOTE: every sentence does not require a complement. the
complement CANNOT begin with a preposition. a complement answers the
question what? or whom?
Examples of the complements:
John bought a cake yesterday. (What did John buy?)
Jill was driving a new car. (What was Jill driving?)
He wants to drink some water. (What does he want to drink?)
She saw John at the movies last night. (Whom did she see at the movies?)
They called Mary yesterday. (Whom did they call yesterday?)
He was smoking a cigarette. (What was he smoking?)
COMPLEMENT
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8. 8
A modifier tells the time, place, or manner of action. very often it is a
prepositional phrase. a prepositional phrase is a group or words that begins with
a preposition and ends with a noun. NOTE: A modifier of time usually comes last
if more than one modifier is present.
Example of prepositional phrase:
in the morning, at the university, on the table
A modifier can also be an adverb or an adverbial phrase.
last night, Hurriedly, next year, outdoors, yesterday.
NOTE: Every sentence does not require a modifier. A modifier answers the
question when? where? or how?
MODIFIER

9. 9
Examples of modifiers:
John bought a book at the bookstore.
Jill was swimming in the pool yesterday.
He was driving very fast.
The juice is in the refrigerator.
She drove the car on Main street.
We ate dinner at seven o'clock.
MODIFIER NOTE: The modifier normally follows the
complement, but not always. However, the
modifier, especially when it is a prepositional
phrase, usually cannot separate the verb and
the complement.
incorrect: She drove on the street the car.
Correct: She drove the car on the street.

10. Verb Phrases &
Tenses
MATERI 2

11. The verb may be a verb phrase. a verb phrase consist of one or more auxiliaries
and one main verb. the auxiliaries always precede the main verb.
John is going to Miami tomorrow.
(auxiliary-is; main verb-going)
Jane has been reading that book.
(auxiliaries-has, been; main verb-reading)
Verb Phrase
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12. 12
Simple present : He walks to school everyday.
Simple past : He walked to school yesterday.
Present Progressive (continous) : He is walking to school now
Past Progressive (continous) : He was walking to school when
He saw Jane.
Present Perfect : He has walked to school several times.
Past perfect : He had walked to school before he hurt his foot.
TENSES

13. 3. Subject-Verb Agreement
MATERI 3
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14. 3. Subject-Verb Agreement
● The subject and verb in a sentence must agree in
person and number
● If the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular
(as well when it is plural)
● Examples:
○ Abitama eats the pasta happily
○ The girls cry when Gong Yoo smiles to them
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15. ● The same agreement still must be applied even when
prepositional phrase exists
● Examples:
○ The study of machine learning is what I'm into
○ The pasta with cheese sprinkled is yours
○ The dogs in this campus are the toughest
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16. ● Conjunction and makes the subject plural
● Examples:
○ Actually, Satria and Panji are the same person
○ Sukamto and Sumiati are married couple
● Note: phrases together with, accompanied by, along
with, as well as don't make the subject plural
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17. ● Words that must be followed by singular verbs and pronoun
in formal written English:
○ any~ + (body, one, thing)
○ no~ + (body, one, thing)
○ some~ + (body, one, thing)
○ every~ + (body, one, thing)
● Example:
○ Anyone who feels uneasy should tell their supervisor
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● Either and neither are singular if they
aren’t used with or and nor
● Examples:
○ Either of the teams come from
America
○ Neither PS4 nor Xbox One get the
sequel

18. Gerunds as Subject
● If a sentence begins with gerunds (verb + ing), the verb
must also be singular
● Examples:
○ Investing should become your habbit
○ Learning R is very easy
○ Watching Youtube is my new hobby
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19. Collective Nouns
● Many words indicating a number of people or animals are
singular, such as:
group, organization, government, family
● Example:
○ Indonesia government finally accepts cryptocurrency
as legal investment
● Nouns to indicate groups certain animals, time, money,
measurements used as a whole are singular
● Examples:
○ A pride of lions was found yesterday
○ Two days is enough to finish the game
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20. Pronouns
MATERI 4

21. 4. Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
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● Personal pronouns depends on its position, whether as a
subject or an object
● Examples:
○ Of course I remember it, because you gave the book to me
○ We were having sleep until the alarm stroke us with its
annoying ring
○ He invited her to the prom, and she just agreed happily
Subject Object
I
we
he/she
they
me
us
him/her
them

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Possessive Pronouns
● Is the pronouns used to show ownership (also known as
genitive case)
● Examples:
○ This fancy book is mine
○ Although we do same tasks, my performance seems to be
worse than yours
○ From now on, this land is ours
Singular Plural
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs

23. 23
Reflexive Pronouns
● Used to indicate that the subject is both giving and receiving the
action
Singular : (my, your, him, her, it) + ~self
Plural : (our, your, them) + ~selves
● Examples:
○ Abitama buys himself a car
○ We are preparing ourselves a party
● Reflexive pronouns can also be used for emphasis (when the subject
did the action alone)
● Examples:
○ Mr. President himself believes investing should become every
millenial's habit

24. Thank You
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😉