6. Describe the Japanese family.
What kind of news did the messenger
bring?
What present did the father give the
mother when he came back?
Describe the present. How did it affect the
life of the mother and the daughter?
7. NOTES TO REMEMBER:
Use does if the statement has a singular subject and a
verb in the simple present tense. Use do for plural
subjects or you.
Example: He washes the dishes. → Does he wash
the dishes?
An hour consists of sixty minutes. → Does an hour
consist of sixty minutes?
My sister listens when I ask a favor. → Does my
Use did for simple past tense verbs. It does not
matter whether the subject is singular or plural.
Change the verb back to its base, present tense
form.
Example: He saved my life. → Did he save my life?
Statements with the verb to be do not need any
extra words to turn into questions.
8. A sentence that tells us something is a statement. One way it
can be changed into a question is to put the verb used at the
beginning of the sentence.
Statement: Juan obeys traffic signs.
Question: Does Juan obey traffic signs?
Statement: The officers have treated us nicely.
Question: Have the officers treated us nicely?
Statement: Your dog has been growing quickly.
Question: Has your dog been growing quickly?
Statement: We will be cleaning the whole mansion.
9. 1. Affirmative and Negative Tag Questions
If the statement part is affirmative, the tag question
should be negative. If the statement part is negative,
the tag question should be affirmative.
Example: They found it, didn’t they?
2. For Statements with Verbs ‘to be’
If am, is, was, are or were are used as the statement
part, the same words is used in the tag question. The
subject pronoun in the statement part is also the
subject of the tag question.
3. Affirmative Statements with Action Verbs in the
Present or Past Tense
Use does in the tag question if the verb in the
statement part is in the s-form, do if the statement part
is in the ordinary form and did if the statement part is
in the past tense.
Example: You didn’t study for the exam, did you?
4. Statements Introduced by There
If the statement part is introduced by there, the tag
question ends with there, too.
10. A. Change the statements into
questions.
1. Sheena is dancing under the rain.
2. He received the gift.
3. Jim and John are playing
basketball.
4. She was serious about it.
5. God is my protector.
11. You are tasked to write a three-stanza poem
about an ideal present you can give to your
family.
In your poem, explain why you choose that
thing as your present and interpret its
symbolism or significance to your family just like
the mirror in the story.
Encode it first in Microsoft Word, then, create a
private group in Facebook for the whole class.
14. Describe the persona.
What was the tone of the persona in the first
and last stanza?
Who did the persona meet in the first
stanza? How did he change her life?
Where did the merchant go? How did it
change his wife’s life again?
Explain the last four lines. How did it paint
15. Many refers to countable nouns; it is used with
plural verbs. Much refers to mass nouns
(uncountable nouns); it is used with singular
verbs.
Example: The books came yesterday. Many
were new.
[a book is a countable noun]
Plenty of water is used here. Much is
16. Few and a few refer to countable nouns; they
are used with plural verbs.
Example: The soldiers were in the social hall.
Few were in uniform.
There are flowers in the basket. A few
are wilted.
Little and a little refer to mass nouns
(uncountable nouns); they are used with singular
17. A. Choose a little / little / a few / few:
1. I have _______ water left. There’s enough to
share.
2. I have _______ good friends. I’m not lonely.
3. There are _______ people she really trusts. It’s a
bit sad.
4. We’ve got _______ time at the weekend. Would
you like to meet?
18. Countable nouns or Count nouns are those that
refer to something that can be counted. They
have both singular and plural forms. Countable
nouns can be used with a/an, the, some, any, a
few and many.
Example: a book → books a friend
→ a few friends
a teacher → many teachers a house
→ some houses
Uncountable nouns or Mass nouns can only be
used in singular. These nouns cannot be used
with a number - they can’t be counted. Neither an
nor a is used with these nouns.
To express a quantity of an uncountable noun, use
a word or expression like some, a lot of, much, a
bit of, a great deal of , or else use an exact
measurement like currency or unit of
measurement like kg of, liter and etc.
Many abstract nouns are typically uncountable,
19. B. Underline the noun in each sentence and
write ‘C’ or ‘U’ to show whether the noun is
Countable or Uncountable.
_____1. That is a very good painting.
_____2. I don’t like coffee.
_____3. I need two clean glasses.
_____4. She bought a new iron yesterday.
_____5. They’ve got plenty of coal.
_____6. Would you like some chicken?
20. An Article is a word used to modify a noun.
Technically, an article is an adjective.
Usually, adjectives modify nouns through
description, but articles are used instead to
point out or refer to nouns.
Types of Articles
1. Indefinite article: a/an 2. Definite
article: the
21. C. Insert definite or indefinite articles (the, an, a)
when necessary:
1. Greeks like _____ coffee.
2. English like _____ tea.
3. _____ exercise he is writing is very easy.
4. _____ exercise is good for our health.
5. He lives in _____ Japan.
6. Is _____ Chinese easy?
7. _____ Chinese language is difficult.
8. Mr. Brown is _____ teacher.
22. D. Directions: Fill in the blank with the
appropriate article, a, an, or the, or leave the
space blank if no article is needed.
1. I want ____ apple from that basket.
2. ____ church on the corner is progressive.
3. Miss Lin speaks ____ Chinese.
4. I borrowed ____ pencil from your pile of
pencils and pens.
5. One of the students said, "____ professor is
23. You are tasked to research any article
related to women’s rights and the
women’s role in our society. Do women
of today exercise their rights? Write a
three-stanza poem about your point of
view from the articles you gathered.
Present your work to the entire class
through PowerPoint Presentation.
26. Describe the relationship of the son and his
mother.
What was the order of the king? Was it
justified? Why or why not?
What preparation did the son do before they
embark on a journey?
How did the son change his mind? If you were
him, would you do the same?
27. There are two ways to convey a message of a
person, or the words spoken by a person to
another person.
1. Direct Speech 2. Indirect
Speech
Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact
words spoken. The words spoken are enclosed
in quotation marks (“ ”) and there is no change in
Reported or Indirect speech is usually used to talk
about the past where the tense of the words
spoken is normally changed. Reporting verbs like
‘say’, ‘tell’, or ‘ask’; and the word ‘that’ may be
used before the statement to show that the
statement is an indirect speech. Inverted commas
are not used.
Study the examples below:
28. 1. Indirect speech is not enclosed in quotation
marks.
2. Change in the tense of reported speech: The
tense of the words spoken is normally changed. If the
first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to
past tense, the tense of reported speech will change. If
the first part of sentence (reporting verb part) belongs to
present or future tense, the tense of reported speech
will not change.
Direct speech: Mina said, “I saw him.”
3. Use of word that: The word that is used as a
conjunction between the reporting verb and
reported speech.
Change in time: Time is changed according to
certain rules like now to then, today to that day,
tomorrow to next day and yesterday to
previous day.
Direct speech: Romeo said, “I am happy
today”.
4. Change in time: Time is changed according to
certain rules like now to then, today to that day,
tomorrow to next day and yesterday to previous day.
Direct speech: Romeo said, “I am happy today”.
Indirect Speech: Romeo said that he was happy that
day.
5. The word that may be omitted:
6. SAY AND TELL.
A. Use say when there is no indirect object.
He said that he was tired of me.
B. Always use tell when you say who was being spoken
7. TALK AND SPEAK. Use these verbs with ‘about’ to
refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.
8. Change in pronoun: The pronoun (subject) of the
reported speech is changed according to the pronoun
of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb
(first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not
change.
Direct speech: He said, “I am tired”.
Indirect Speech: He said that he was tired.
Direct speech: I said to him, “You are unpredictable”.
29. A. Change the direct speech into indirect speech.
1. She said “I am reading”.
2. They said “This is our book”.
3. He said “I am writing the test tomorrow”.
4. You said “I will do this form him”.
5. He said, "I will have finished this paper by
tomorrow”.
30. There are four characteristics of verb:
number, tense, mood, and voice. This
lesson emphasizes on voice of verbs.
The voice is the form of verb in a
sentence. There are two kinds of
voice of verb: the active voice and
the passive voice.
31. B. Test your knowledge on active and passive voice
with this grammar exercise. Each sentence given
below is in the active voice. Change it into passive
voice.
1. He sings a song.
________________________________
2. The boy killed the spider.
___________________________
3. Help him.
32. B. Sentence is given in the active voice. Change it
into the passive voice.
1. He teaches English. / English _______ by him.
2. The child is eating bananas. / Bananas _______
by the child.
3. She is writing a letter. / A letter _______ by her.
4. The master punished the servant. / The servant
_______ by the master.
34. Haiku (from haikai no ku meaning 'light verse'
in Japanese) is one of the famous Japanese
poetic forms. It is a compact poem and
contains three lines. The total number of
syllables in the poem is seventeen. The
number of times that we hear the sound of a
vowel (a, e, i, o, u) in a word is equal to the
number of syllables the word has. It follows
The subject of most Haiku varies
from landscapes, flowers, rivers,
etc. They are also known to create
a certain mood or atmosphere.
Famous "haikai" or "haiku" poets
of former days included Matsuo
Basho (1644 - 1694) and Yosano
35. Tanka (from tan 'short' + ka 'song') is the name of
another ancient poetic form of Japan. It is a poem with
31 syllables and five syllabic units, tanka have been
popular in Japan for more than 1300 years. It is said
that around 1000 A.D., composition of beautiful poetry
was regarded as essential for women and men. In this
period, selection of paper, ink, etc were also given a lot
of importance. It was usually composed for some
occasion. The experiences had to be expressed in
36. What is Haiku? What is the
purpose of Haiku?
What is Tanka? What is the
purpose of Tanka?
What is the difference between
Haiku and Tanka?
37. • Adjectives may describe. They could be colors,
physical characteristics and personal traits.
Examples: My husband has large biceps.
• Some adjectives point out. This, that, these, and
those are demonstrative adjectives. These four
words are called demonstrative pronouns when
they stand alone.
Example: This poem which I am reading was
written by my student.
• Adjectives may be indefinite. Words like some,
any, other, few, and either may serve as Indefinite
pronouns or as Indefinite adjectives. These
words function as pronouns when they stand
alone, and function as adjectives when they modify
a noun.
Examples: Many children want to watch Disney
films.
• Articles are also used as adjectives.
38. A. Identify the adjective in each sentence by
underlining it, then, draw an arrow to a noun to
which it modifies.
1. He went to the shop to buy a new coat for
himself.
2. I could hardly get forty winks.
3. Students and parents are invited to the inaugural
function.
4. This shop sells bronze and wooden articles.
39. There are three degree uses of adjectives.
Positive Degree – is used when speaking or
describing a thing.
Example: Anna is a young girl.
Comparative Degree – is used when
comparing two things and is formed by
adding ‘–er’ or more/less to the base form of
the adjective.
Example: Belle is younger than Anne.
40. B. Complete the following sentences using the
appropriate form of the adjective given in the
brackets.
1. He is ………………… than his neighbors. (rich)
2. He is ………………… than I thought him to be.
(clever)
3. When the old woman became ………………… she
began to move about. (strong)
4. He is much ………………… now. (good)
5. Shakespeare is the ………………… playwright in
41. • You are tasked to form a group of five (5) to
perform a ‘fliptop battle’ with a twist.
• Your group should consist of a referee, two for
the side of pros and another two for cons.
• Think of a current issue in our society and
gather some articles to support your sides.
• Prepare a three (3) to four (4) sets of
responses, including an introduction, using
haiku pattern.
45. What does the title signify in the entire of the
story?
What can you say about the testimonies of the
characters? Do you find them different or the
same? Do you find them contradicting from one
another? How do these differences affect the
chain of events of the murder case? Explain.
Who do you think killed Takehiro? What do you
Who do you think has the most truthful
testimonies? Justify your answer.
How would you describe Masago? What
kind of woman was she?
What was the author’s purpose in writing
the piece? What does Akutagawa
accomplish by telling the same story from
seven viewpoints?
46. One method that makes a literary piece interesting and
easy to read is through the use of chronological order.
Stories are told chronologically or in order of time. The
use of chronological order in a story helps the reader to
deeply understand the story.
The term is derived from the word chrono (time) and
logic (order). This method is commonly used not only in
telling a story but in writing as well, particularly when
you are describing a process or when you are giving an
47. When a series of
adjectives modify the
same noun or pronoun,
the modifiers may be
placed in this order:
48. A. Directions: Read each sentence. Are the
adjectives in the correct order? If yes, write Y
on the line. If no, write N on the line.
___1. I would like two, generous, gigantic
slices of pie.
___ 2. That new, lovely girl is in my class.
___ 3. Mom is a beautiful, tall, Armenian
woman.
49. B. Circle the phrase with the adjectives in
correct order.
1. huge, black cat black, huge cat
2. skinny, old dog old, skinny dog
3. thick, heavy stick heavy, thick
stick
4. old, pink blanket pink, old
blanket
50. Form a group with maximum of ten (10)
members. Your group was assigned to film
a video of the story you have read. You
need to dramatize the scenes considering
the right sequence of the story.
Prepare scripts, be creative with your props
and costumes, and consider the site where
you are going to film to make it realistic.
Don’t forget to add some effects.
53. Who is Mother Tsai?
Why did TouTien-Chang have to leave? To whom
did he entrust his daughter?
What happened to Tou Ngo as she grew older?
Who came and attempted to kill Mother Tsai?
What happened to Tou Ngo after that incident?
How did Tou Ngo gain justice in her case?
What was the role of TouTien-Chang to the justice
given to Tou Ngo?
54. Adjective clauses are groups of words containing
a subject and a verb that act as an adjective.
Adjective clauses are dependent and are
introduced by dependent signals which are
relative pronouns or relative adverbs. The relative
pronouns are who, whom, whose, which or that.
The relative adverbs are when, where or why.
Example: The dog, which is very frisky, ran around
55. A. Underline the adjective clauses in the following
sentences.
1. The girl who won the first prize is my niece.
2. The forest through which we travelled was dark
and gloomy.
3. My sister who lives in Mexico is a nurse.
4. This is the same house that Tennyson occupied.
5. This is the same old story that we have been
hearing since our childhood.
6. He has a brilliant son who is certain to bring credit
56. An adjective phrase is a group of words
that describes a noun or pronoun in a
sentence. The adjective phrase can be
placed before or after, the noun or pronoun
in the sentence. It consists of adjectives,
modifier and any word that modifies a noun
or pronoun.
Prepositional phrases and participle
phrases also function as adjectives so we
can also call them adjective phrases when
they function as adjective.
Example: A boy from America won the race.
(modifies boy)
The girl with brown hair is singing a song.
57. B. Underline the adjective phrases in the
following sentences.
1. Have you ever seen an elephant with a
white skin?
2. He was wearing a crown made of gold.
3. I met a girl with blue eyes.
4. Wild beasts in small cages are a sorry
sight.
58. You are tasked to make a stand, stating
your point of view about the concept of
“justice” from the piece you have read.
Research some articles that may help you
to prove your stand.
Create a private group in Facebook for the
whole class. Post your work for further
discussion and evaluation among your
