Terrorism

3. TERRORISM
Causes, Effects and Remedies
By-Parmatma Nand

5. What’s it?

6. Terrorism
 Is an unlawful act of violence
 Intimidates governments or societies
 Goal is to achieve political, religious or
ideological objectives

7. Where Does It Come From?

8. Early History of Terrorism
 Terror has been used to achieve political ends
and has a long history
 As early as 66 – 72 A.D. Resistance to Roman
occupation, terrorists killed Roman soldiers and
destroyed Roman property.
 Terrorism against the enemy is often viewed as a
religious act, by some people.

9. Modern History of Terrorism
 The term “terrorism” was coined in the French
Revolution’s Reign of Terror (1793 – 1794). .
 This was the birth of Government-Sponsored
Terrorism
 Anarchists were seen in the late 19th
century
 Propaganda by deeds …terrorists acts
 Terrorism became tool of communication, propaganda

10. Modern History of Terrorism:
 Middle 20th
century, terrorism became a tool
used by both sides of colonial conflicts.
 The last 20 years of of the 20th
century
religion based terrorism became more and
more frequent.

11. Modern History of Terrorism
 Terrorism is Asymmetric Warfare.
 Asymmetric warfare is the use of apparently
random/unpredictable violence by a weak
military against a stronger military to gain
advantage. (Allen, 1997).

12. Types of Terrorism
 Domestic terrorism involves groups whose
terrorist activities are directed at elements of
our government without foreign involvement.
 International terrorism involves groups
whose terrorist activities are foreign-based
and/or directed by countries or groups
outside.

13. Terrorism Rises !

15. Property of Terrorism
 Terrorism is different from regular crime
because of its strong political properties
 The definition of terrorism can vary from
people to people due to the differences in
standpoint
 One person’s terrorist can be another’s
fighter

16. How to Execute the Attacks!

17. Methods of Terrorism
 Firearms
 Explosive and Incendiary Devices
 Chemical Agents
 Biological Agents
 Nuclear Weapon

18. Chemical Agents
 Chemical agents kill or incapacitate people,
destroy livestock or ravage crops
 Some agents are odorless and tasteless
 They can have an immediate or a delayed
effect

19. Biological terrorism
 Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to
produce illness, death and terror
 The paths of infection can be contaminated
water, food, air and packages.
 Microbes
 Bacteria
 Viruses
 Toxins

20. Nuclear Terrorism
 Spreading of radioactive materials through
ventilation system or explosion
 Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and
cause leakage of radioactive materials
 Detonate a nuclear weapon
 Although no use of nuclear material for non-
military terrorism has ever occurred

21. The Frequency of Terrorism !

23. Some of the Deadliest Attacks

24. 9/11 or Sept. 11
on Tuesday, September 11, 2001
 A series of 4 coordinated terrorist attacks by
the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on
the United States in New York City and
the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area
 The attacks killed 2,996 people and caused
at least $10 billion in property and
infrastructure damage.

25. 26/11 or Nov. 26
on Wednesday, 26 November 2008
 A series of 12 coordinated shooting and
bombing attacks lasting 4 days
across Mumbai
 Attacks were conducted with the support of
Pakistan Government's intelligence
agency ISI
 Lasted until Saturday, 29 November 2008,
killing 164 people and wounding at least 308

26. Can We Prevent It?

27. Prevention of Terrorism
 Primary prevention:
 Education!!!
 Understand the differences in cultures,
religions, beliefs and human behaviors
 Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all
human beings, not just “my group of people”
 Eliminate the root of terrorism

28. Prevention of Terrorism
 Secondary prevention:
 Establish surveillance and monitoring system
on terrorism attack
 Improve protective system for citizens

29. Prevention of Terrorism
 Tertiary prevention
 Early detection of the sources
 Prevent the extension of impairments
 Rescue the survivors
 Console the rest of the population

30. Finally we may Conclude as-

31. Conclusion
 Terrorism is unlawful act
 Terrorism has a long history of being used to
achieve political, religious and ideological
objectives
 Terrorism can be conducted through firearms,
explosive devices and biological, chemical,
and nuclear materials

32. Reference Credits
 The Center for National Security Studies
 Wikipedia
 Arthur H. Garrison
 Phillip L. Coule

33. Thanks a Ton !