Meaning, definitions, history, methodology, international terrorism, post 9/11 devt...

1. 1
International Terrorism– a Presentation by Raki Biswal, Lecturer in Political Science
Sonepur College, Sonepur.
Mob- 8895100560
raki.biswal102@gmail.com

2. INTERNATIONAL TERRORISM
What is there in the Syllabus?
Non-State Actors and State Terrorism
Post 9/11 developments
But we are going to learn -
Terrorism- Meaning & Definitions
History
Why is this a global issue?
Old vs New terrorism
StateTerrorism
Non-State Actors
MajorTerror Organization and their Activities

3. TERRORISM- Meaning & Definitions
Defining terrorism is very complex.
But the centrality lies in all its definition is
the use of violence.
Oxford English
Advance Learner
Dictionaries defines,
Terrorism as, “the
use of violent
action in order
to achieve
political aims
or to force a
government to
act.”

4. FROMTHE BOOK

5. History
International Terrorism
Terrorism was first coined in the 1790s to refer to the terror
used during the French Revolution by the revolutionaries
against their opponents. The Jacobin party of Maximilien
Robespierre carried out a Reign of Terror involving mass
executions by the guillotine. Although terrorism in this usage
implies an act of violence by a state against its domestic
enemies, since the 20th century the term has been applied
most frequently to violence aimed, either directly or
indirectly, at governments in an effort to influence policy or
topple an existing regime.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/terrorism

6. TERRORISM- MEANING & DEFINITIONS
• The Indian National Security Guard Act, 1986, defines a 'Terrorist' as: "Terrorist
means any person who with intent to overawe the Government as by law
established or to strike terror in the people or any section of the people, does any
act or thing by using bomb, dynamite or other explosive substance or
inflammable substances or firearms or other lethal weapons or poisons or
noxious gases or other substances (whether biological or otherwise) of a
hazardous nature, in such a manner as to cause or as is likely to cause, death or
injuries to any person or persons or damage to or destruction of property, or
disruption of any supplies or services essential to the life of community."
• Etymologically, the word terror is derived from the Latin verb Tersere, which
later becomes Terrere. The latter form appears in European languages as early as
the 12th century; its first known use in French is the word terrible in 1160. By
1356 the word terreur is in use. Terreur is the origin of the Middle English term
terrour, which later becomes the modern word "terror“.

7. New Terrorism

8. Why is this a global issue?
 Terrorism is a global issue as it affects all regions and continents of the world. It is
an event that occurs almost every week of every month. An estimated 25,673
persons lost their life to terrorist attacks in 2016. The history of terrorism is
quite a complicated one due to the lack of universal consensus on the
definition of terrorism. The terrorist events from the 1st century AD until 1880
are classified as “early terrorism”. Modern terrorism incidents are the
terrorism-related events which took place post-1880 and were divided by
David Rapoport into four waves. There are a set of characteristics in a group
that makes it a terrorist group. The yardsticks used for the classification of
terrorist groups are different across different nations of the globe. Groups
designated as terrorist groups by the USA and UK are presented. Also,
comprehensive insight into the impact of terrorism using themes such as:
number of terrorism related-incidents from 1970 till 2016; deaths from
different methods of terrorism across different regions, 2002-2016; and
economic loss from terrorism activities from 2000-2016. A list showing the 20
worst terrorist attacks in the year 2016 which was classified based on number
of fatalities is displayed. The four deadly terrorist groups (Al-Qa’ida, Boko
Haram, ISIL and Taliban) who account for three-quarter of deaths from
terrorism in the world in 2016 are also presented. The recommendation by the
United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism was also recommended.

9. Find where we are?

10. The
Islamic
State
of
Iraq
The
Taliban
–
3,571
deaths
in
2017
Al-Qaeda
https://en.wikipe
dia.org/wiki/List_
of_terrorist_incid
ents_linked_to_I
SIL
MajorTerror Organization and their Activities
https://www.satp.org/terrorist-groups/india
Detail in next
Slide

12. APPROACHES
RealistView
LiberalView
CriticalView

13. Types ofTerrorism
 Discriminate and indiscriminate
 Right-wing Terrorism and Left-wing
 Nationalist and Separatist
 Cross border
 International

14. 14
Methods used by Terrorist
• BOMBING
• ASSASSINATIONS
• HIJACKING
• MISTAKEN IDENTITY
• SUICIDE BOMBER

15. INTERNATIONALTREATIES AGAINSTTERRORISM
YOU READYOURSELF

16. Thank You All