This document summarizes wind energy and wind turbines. It discusses that wind energy is extracted from wind using turbines and can be used as a renewable source of energy. It then covers the different types of wind turbines including horizontal and vertical axis rotors. It also discusses factors that affect wind energy production like latitude and altitude. Components of wind turbines and their various applications are outlined as well.

1. WIND ENERGY
A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY

2. Wind energy
Presented by;
Er. Piyush Ravindra Kowe
Department of Farm Power and Machinery,
Dr. A. S. College of Agril. Engg. and Tech.
M.P.K.V., Rahuri

3. Content
• Wind energy
• Factors affecting wind energy
• Types of wind mills
• Components of wind mill
• Wind turbines based on capacity
• Classification according to size
• Factors affecting Site selection
• Offshore or seashore wind energy
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Uses of wind mill
• Current scenario

4. Wind Energy
• Wind energy is the energy that is extracted from the wind using mechanical turbines.
• Energy derived from the wind velocity is called the wind energy.
• These energy can be used as a perennial source of energy.
• The minimum wind speed of 10 Km/hr is considered to be useful for working wind mills for
agriculture purpose.
• Wind energy conversion systems are designed to convert the energy of wind movement into
mechanical power, with wind turbine generators this mechanical energy is converted in electricity.

5. Factors affecting wind energy
• Latitude of the place
• Altitude of the place
• Topography of the place

6. Types of wind mill:
Horizontal axis rotor:
Multiblade unit.
It has 12 – 20 blades fixed over it.
It runs at speed of 60 to 80 revolutions per minute.

7. Sail type unit.
It has three blades.
It runs at speed of 60 to 80 revolutions per minute.

8. Propeller type unit.
It has 2 to 3 aerofoil blades.
It runs at speed of 300 to 400 revolutions per minute.

9. Savonius or s type wind mill (low wind velocity)
Characterstics;
• Self starting
• Low speed
• Low efficiency
Vertical axis rotor:

10. Darrieus wind mill ( high wind velocity)
Characteristics;
• High speed
• High efficiency
• Potentially low capital cost

11. Components of wind mill
Tower
a) Reinforced concrete tower
b) Pole tower
c) Built up shell tube
d) Truss tower
Transmission
a) Crank type
b) Bevel gear type
c) Gear box type

12. Pump
a) Reciprocating type
b) Rotor type
c) Diaphragm type
Generator
Head
Rotor
controls

13. Wind turbines based on capacity
 utility scale :
 Used in wind farms which generate bulk energy sold in power markets.
900 KW to 2MW
 Industrial scale :
Used for commercial or community power application.
50KW to 250KW
 Residential scale :
Used in remote and off-grid locations.
400 Watts to 50KW

14. Classification according to size
1) Small Scale ( upto 2 KW ) : These might be used on farms, remote applications, and other places
requiring relative power.
2) Medium Size Machines ( 2-100 KW) : These wind turbines may be used to supply less than 100 KW
rated capacity to several residence or local use.
3) Large Scale or Large Size Machines ( 100 KW and Up ) : Large wind turbines are those of 100KW
rated capacity or greater. They are used to generate power for distribution in central power grids.
There are two sub classes are as follows;
• Single generator at a single site.
• Multiple generators sited at several places over an area.

15. Factors affecting Site selection
• High average annual wind speed
• Low cost of construction
• Prevailing wind direction
• Surface roughness

16. Offshore or seashore wind energy
Offshore wind power or offshore wind energy is the use of wind farms constructed in bodies of
water, usually in the ocean.
Advantages;
• It is stronger than onshore wind turbine.
• It lasts around 25-30 years.
• Produces 50% more energy than onshore.
• Higher and more constant wind speed.

17. Advantages
• No pollution.
• No fuel and no transportation is required.
• Lowest price renewable resources.
• Don’t produce atmospheric emissions that cause acid rains and green house effects.

18. Disadvantages
• Noisy in operation.
• Relatively high overall weight.
• Large areas are needed.
• Wind energy can not be stored ( unless batteries are used).
• Good wind sites are often located on remote locations.
• Sometimes birds have been killed by flying into the rotor.
• Maintenance cost is high.

19. Uses of wind mill
• Milling of grains
• Pumping water
• Generation of wind power

20. Current scenario
• Wind power generation capacity in India has significantly increased in recent years. As of 31st
march 2019 the total installed wind power capacity was 36.625 GW
• India is the fourth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.
• Wind power costs in India are decreasing rapidly.
• Jaisalmer wind farm is the second largest offshore wind farm in the world.

21. Jaisalmer wind farm Windmills on the Tirumala hills in Andhra
Pradesh