1) A hydraulic ram system with a plunger elevated 1.8 m above a 900 kg piston is filled with oil. The force required on the plunger for equilibrium is calculated based on the cross-sectional areas and densities. 2) A separator is used to separate immiscible organic and aqueous liquids. The minimum height and lowest interface position are calculated based on densities, heights, and overflow/underflow positions. 3) The maximum safe outlet depth and discharge rate are calculated for a liquid siphon based on specific gravity, diameters, pressure differences and summit vacuum pressure.