VET4SBO Level 1 module 4 - unit 1 - v0.9 en

1. ECVET Training for Operatorsof IoT-enabledSmart Buildings (VET4SBO)
2018-1-RS01-KA202-000411
Level 1
Module 4: Basics for the operation of smart buildings
using IoTs to improve the flexibility and the intelligence
in satisfying human comfort and/or energy efficiency
Unit 4.1: Introduction to Smart Buildings concept
(including definitions, IoT integration, etc.)

2. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

3. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

4. Introduction
– 41% of U.S. primary energy was consumed by the buildings sector
– 30% by the industrial sector
– 29% by the transportation sector
Source: 2011 BuildingsEnergy Data Book, Prepared for the BuildingsTechnologies Program Energy
Efficiency and RenewableEnergy, U.S. Department of Energy

5. Introduction
Source: 2011 BuildingsEnergy Data Book, Prepared for the BuildingsTechnologies Program Energy
Efficiency and RenewableEnergy, U.S. Department of Energy

6. Introduction
• U.S. building primary energy consumption increased by 48%
between 1980 and 2009
Source: 2011 BuildingsEnergy Data Book, Prepared for the BuildingsTechnologies Program Energy
Efficiency and RenewableEnergy, U.S. Department of Energy

7. Introduction
Buildings consist of various systems that are:
• complex
• interconnected (interact to each other)
• consist of several components, such as:
– HVAC system (valves, fans, coils, filters, storage tank, heat pumps, chillers, etc.)
– Lighting system (internal/external lights, office lights, switches, curtains, etc.)
– Safety system (smoke/gas sensors, sprinkles, water tubes, pumps, emergency
lighting, etc.)
– Security system (cameras, door entry, in/out board, etc.)

8. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

9. Smart Buildings
A Smart Building is any
building structure:
– Using automated
processes (combines
data and information in a
non-trivial way)
– to automatically
evaluate the state and
control the building's
operations Source: http://blueapp.io/blog/why-iot-is-the-best-solution-
to-reduce-cost-in-smart-buildings/

10. Smart Buildings - Optimizing Energy Use
https://aceee.org/blog/2019/02/emerging-opportunities-help

11. Smart Buildings

12. BMS / BAS
A building management system (BMS), otherwise known as
a building automation system (BAS), is a computer-based control
system installed in buildings that controls and monitors the building's
mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting,
power systems, fire systems, and security systems.
• Building Automation Communication Protocols https://blog.se.com/wp-
content/uploads/2015/11/SE-Protocols-Guide_A4_v21.pdf
– Wired Communication protocols (BACnet, LonWorks, KNX, DALI, Clipsal C-Bus,
Modbus, M-Bus, OPC, Web Services)
– Wireless Communication Protocols (EnOcean, ZigBee, Zwave, Wifi-enable)

13. Communication protocols:
Building vs Home Automation
Bonino, D.; Corno, F.; De Russis, L. A Semantics-Rich Information Technology Architecture for
Smart Buildings. Buildings 2014, 4, 880-910

14. Smart Buildings
The story of the Tower of Babel
explains the origins of the multiplicity
of languages.
• God was concerned that humans had
blasphemed by building the tower (to
avoid a second flood or to reach the
heavens) so God brought into
existence multiple languages.
• Thus, humans were divided into
linguistic groups. Unable to
communicate, the project failed.
Jaimie Giarrusso | November 20, 2015
Link: https://blog.se.com/building-management/2015/11/20/finally-simple-guide-understanding-open-protocols/
The Tower of Babel

15. Smart Buildings
• Building automation today can be a lot like the story of the
“Tower of Babel”.
• “Todays BMS’ and BAS’ are largely ruled-based and have
limited external access.” - Marc Pawliger, Google, 2019
• “Enabling the Building Internet of Things (BIoT) allows you to
analyze your environment and make real-time adjustments to
improve efficiency and productivity. Some building owners and
operators can be frustrated with the lack of interoperability
and integration between infrastructure management tools and
current IT systems.”- Anixter Inc. © 2019 All Rights Reserved

16. Smart Buildings Processes
The automated processes of Smart Buildings involve:
• Sensors (temperature, CO2, occupancy, gas, luminosity, smoke)
Nest, Aensibo, Aquara, etc.
• Network installation
• Cloud-based data solution
• Software (Energy management, video monitoring, HVAC Control)

17. Example of a conventional BMS topology

18. Example of an IoT BMS topology

19. Example: Intel IoT Energy Management Solution
Source: https://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/save-on-energy-and-streamline-operations-
with-incenergy-and-intel

20. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

21. IoT Actuators:
switches, lights, plugs, door logs, motorized valves,
pumps, fans, sprinkler
IoT Sensors:
Thermostats (temp. & humidity), motion sensors, air quality
sensor, electricity meters, cameras, luminosity sensors,
smartphones, wearable devices, refrigeration monitoring
IoT as components
Gateways

22. IoT as components
https://urbanise.com/iot-sensors/

23. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

24. IoT as a technology in Smart Buildings
Building operators can
• analyze energy usage
• set alerts
• assess problematic areas or equipment
• manage lighting and HVAC schedules
• monitor systems
in real-time using a mobile app or Web browser.

25. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

26. Examples of Smart Buildings applications with IoTs
• Light Control
SENCE OCCUPANCYTURN ON

27. Examples of Smart Buildings applications with IoTs
• Energy efficiency
SENCE NO OCCUPANCYTURN OFF
REPORT ENERGYUSEAGE

28. Examples of Smart Buildings applications with IoTs
• Energy efficiency
SENCE OCCUPANCY
TURN ON
REPORT ENERGYUSEAGE
RECEIVE REPORT
ENERGYUSEAGE
MOBILE SENSOR

29. https://sensibo.com/

30. Google Home Nest

31. https://xiaomi-mi.com/search/?q=aqara

32. Outline
• Introduction
• Definition of the concept of a “Smart Building”
• IoTs as Components
• IoTs as Technology in Smart Buildings
• Examples of Smart Building applications with IoT devices
• IoT benefits and future

33. Pros/Cons of Building IoT configurations
• Advantages:
– Low-power connection
– Plug-and-play capabilities (easy to install and use new devices)
– Remote management and control
– Easy to automate processes
– Data accessibility
• Disadvantages:
– Power limitations (replace batteries)

34. https://micromechtronic.com/iot-effect/

35. IoTs growth
• “By 2020, one in five buildings will be smart buildings,
supporting 50 billion connected devices, with cloud-based
software and services growing at a rate of 33%”
Source: Memoori, Big Data for Smart Buildings:Market Prospects 2015 to 2020

36. Smart Buildings
“Smartness” in Building Automation arises from
• Systems Connectivity
• Systems Interoperability
• Monitoring, Control and Optimization of Systems to improve:
– Energy efficiency (HVAC control, lights control, etc.)
– Comfort and Productivity (Indoor Air Quality)
– Diagnosability and Robustness (fault and failure alerts, etc.)
– Safety and Security (alarms in the event of fire or contamination, etc.)
– Usability (user friendly Human Machine Interface, etc.)

37. How do we make sense of data?
• Heterogeneity of devices and systems
– Sensors measuring various quantities in different units
• Disparity of data in various databases
– Time series every 5sec, 1min, 5min,….
• Need for data correlation across databases
• Serve data to various applicationsand persons (landlord,
insurance agencies, etc.)
-Charbel Kaed, Google, 2019

38. Semantic tags of Building IoT Data
• Haystack is an open source initiative to streamline working
with data from the Internet of Things.
• Standardize semantic data models and web services with the
goal of making it easier to unlock value from the vast quantity
of data being generated by the smart devices that permeate
homes, buildings, factories, and cities.

39. Ontologies for Building IoT Data
• DogOnt provides functionality
and state auto-completion and
supports model evolution
through classification
reasoning. Modeling is done at a
detail level that reflects the
actual needs of interoperation
between real-
world domotic systems and sup-
ports the development
of Intelligent Domotic
Environments
Bonino, D.; Corno, F.; De Russis, L. A Semantics-Rich Information Technology
Architecture for Smart Buildings. Buildings 2014, 4, 880-910

40. Ontologies for Building IoT Data
• Brick is an open-source effort to standardize semantic descriptions of
the physical, logical and virtual assets in buildings and the relationships
between them. Brick consists of an extensible dictionary of terms and
concepts in and around buildings, a set of relationships for linking and
composing concepts together, and a flexible data model permitting
seamless integration of Brick with existing tools and databases.

42. Resources
• https://youtu.be/Zz6jkLYkzSQ
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pxj9fYgcwV0

43. Disclaimer
For further information, relatedto the VET4SBO project, please visit the project’swebsite at https://smart-building-
operator.euor visit us at https://www.facebook.com/Vet4sbo.
Downloadour mobile app at https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vet4sbo.mobile.
This project (2018-1-RS01-KA202-000411) has been funded with support from the European Commission (Erasmus+
Programme). Thispublicationreflects the views only of the author, and the Commission cannot be held responsible
for any use which may be made of the informationcontainedtherein.