African Narrative

African Narrative
It was a hot morning in Sierra Leone. I was farming in the rice field while my wife took care of my
three children. Being part of the Mendi people, I was raised to work hard for my family. I had to
take care of my father who was very ill. My real name was Singbe–Pieh, but people call me Cinque
for short. One day, African tribesmen approached me in the rice field. They ordered me to pay the
debt. The African tribesmen warned me about the creditor being too impatient about me paying my
debt. I tried to make a consent with them but they claimed it was too late. I didn't know what to do, I
was clueless. The tribesmen were armed with a gun. I knew something was wrong. I tried to call for
help but the tribesmen prevented me from doing so. They surrounded me from every angle and
started beating me with their guns. I tried desperately to escape. I was worried about my wife and
my children, wondering if they were safe. I was coughing up blood and I was ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
I was in shock and horror. My people were brutally beaten and injured. They were all covered in
chains. I was in Gallinas where I was sold to a Spanish slave trader. History repeated itself. I was
once again separated from my people. From afar, I saw a giant creature with huge expanding wings.
I assumed it was one of the things that brought me here. It was huge. I heard they were called slave
ships. The word "slave" gave me a chill on my back. I aboard the slave ship known as the Tecora. It
was the same as the one before. However, I was sent to a different destination which was Havana,
Cuba. After several weeks, I finally reached Havana, Cuba. I was briefly held there for awhile and
was resold to a Spanish captain named Pedro Ruiz. The next slave ship that I was placed aboard on
was the La Amistad which translated to "The Friendship". The name was really ironic because the
slave owners weren't friendly at all. I was planned to be taken to Port Au
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

African Americans And African American Families
The number of two–parent African American households is dissolving. According to the U.S.
Bureau of the Census, the black family has declined from 80% in 1890 to 39% in 1990. The result
of conflict, and warring souls in the African American community, this trend can be stopped and
reversed. The African American family must first gain an understanding of what is causing this
dissolution, then they can be taught about what principals and skills they must adapt in order to
reverse it. Once this is accomplished, the black family must be given opportunities to share this
information. By taking these steps, two–parent African American families would once again be
prevalent in the United States. African Americans cannot bring an end to the warring souls in their
communities if they do not know not what warring souls are. Therefore, African Americans must be
taught. This teaching can come from schools, churches, or community events. Regardless, of where
a person gains his or her knowledge, it is key that they understand what warring souls are. The
scholar W.E.B. Du Bois saw warring souls as "souls that are at conflict and war with one another"
because "one soul is alien, it is imposed from the outside" (T'Shaka 133). Thus, African Americans
must understand that the war their soul is fighting is with a soul that is being force upon them.
According to T'Shaka the alien soul is the western world, and the western world view (133). The
way in which the Western world treats and views

African Music
It is broadly recognized that African music has experienced regular and unequivocal changes
consistently. What is termed conventional music today is most likely altogether different from
African music in previous times. Nor has African music in the past been unbendingly connected to
particular ethnic gatherings. The individual artist, his style and imagination, have constantly
assumed a vital part.
The material hotspots for the investigation of African music history incorporate archeological and
different items, pictorial sources (rock canvases, petroglyphs, book outlines, drawings, artworks),
oral chronicled sources, composed sources (voyagers' records, field notes, engravings in Arabic and
in African and European dialects), musical documentations, sound recordings, photos and films, and
tape.
A little box–reverberated lamellaphone, called the likembe in Congo, went in the other course, from
the west toward ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Greatly inaccessible regions in Africa may have comparative, even indistinguishable, attributes,
while adjoining territories may have very distinctive styles. The multipart singingstyle in triads
inside of an equiheptatonic tonesystem of the Baule of Côte d'Ivoire is so close, if not
indistinguishable, to the part singing style of Ngangela, Chokwe, and Luvale people groups in
eastern Angola that the closeness is instantly perceived by sources from both societies.
African music as it is known today was additionally molded by changes in the environment of the
mainland, which drove individuals into different terrains, in this manner creating changes in their
craft. With the drying of the Sahara, for instance, populaces tended to move southward. At the point
when settled populaces acknowledged the gatecrashers, they frequently embraced musical styles
from

The African Of African Diaspora Essay
Over the course of four months, through my African World Survey class, I have seen a glimpse of
five thousand years of African history unfold. Before entering the class, my expectations from the
course was to learn where did my people come from and how did they live. Within the time I spent
in the first class, I soon realized that these two questions did not have simple answers to them.
Among this discovery, I learned that people in the African Diaspora makeup every aspect of the
human race whether we realize it or not. Through the teachings in class and from the readings from
the text, "Reversing Sail: A History of the African Diaspora", I am now knowledgeable on how race,
rebellions, and the resilience of people from the African diaspora has changed the entire course of
humanity as we know it and all it would ever be.
"Antiquity reminds us that modernity could not have been predicted, that Africans were not always
under the heel but were in fact at the forefront of human civilization." (Chapter 1 p.8) To begin the
journey of the African diaspora, there must first be an intricate investigation on the cultures in
Africa. As we know Africa makes up fifty–four countries with well over a thousand ethnic groups
who often has there own language, rituals, and traditions that are practiced and have been practiced
for centuries. To understand each tribe's mission would be impossible but in this course, I have
learned about the humble of beginnings of that which we call Africa.

African Diaspora
After analyzing and examining the various concepts presented by scholars, two concepts in
particular are emphasized as main themes that aid in describing the African Diaspora. The main
themes of identity and social justice are critical in characterizing the history of African descent
throughout international lands. From the beginnings of the African Diaspora and the migration from
the Black Atlantic, the African people have been faced with the separation from their homeland,
whether forced or voluntary. Thus, it has lead to the loss of identity among black individuals, which
went hand in hand with the social injustice they have and continue to face. Additionally, as diaspora
is the Greek word for "dispersal," the African community to should be considered part of the
diaspora since ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The catalyst for this loss of identity was the creation of slavery. As the African people were shipped
off to America they lost their right to live in their homeland, while in the same moment they lost
their individual identities and ties to their African heritage. However, slavery was only the
inauguration of identity struggles into office. Scholars such as W.E.B Du Bois and Marcus Garvey
describe the struggle of identity within the black community after the abolition of slavery.
Specifically, Du Bois presents in his book, The Souls of Black Folk, the idea of double
consciousness, where he introduces the feeling of seeing one's self through the eyes of another,
while judging one's soul based on the perceptions of society. Therefore, as the African community
saw themselves through the eyes of white America, it spurred on their struggle with knowing their
true identities. Equally, Garvey believed that through "miscegenation and social intercourse with the
white race" the African people would loose their

African American Economy : African Americans
African American Economy
The unemployment rate in the African American community is higher than any other group in
American society. Institutionalized racism and unequal education opportunities have contributed to
the unemployment rate. There are various reasons why the unemployment rate is greater in the
African American communities. Consequently, Blacks are attaining higher education at a rate lower
than other groups in society, and lack opportunities in the workforce. These are just two of the
elements that cause the wealth gap between Blacks and Whites in America's financial system.
African men and women were brought to America for slavery. Once the slaves were freed, they had
to find work and enter into the American workforce with little or no education. Therefore, countless
Blacks were forced to take lower level jobs in American society. As a result, racism and inequality
became institutionalized injustices that widen the wealth gap. Scores of Blacks were denied the
opportunity to purchase properties and to attain assets and wealth. The majority of Whites do not
know Black people's reality and financial obstacles because White people do not face housing
discrimination or scrutiny in the workplace. White people have benefited from the inequality that
minorities face in the United States financial system. According to Hilary Shelton Deputy Director,
Washington Bureau, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People "because of
affirmative action, fairness is

African Masks
CONTENTS
1. FIGURE LIST 3
2. INTRODUCTION 4
2.1 Historical background and information 4
3. CONTEXT OF CEREMONIAL AFRICAN MASKING AND THE BASIC
CHARACTERISTICS THEROF 6
3.1 The Makishi Masquerades among the Chokwe and related people 6
3.2 Pwo Mask 7
3.3 The Ngidi and Makanda initiation Rites 8
3.4 Holo Mask 9
3.5 The Bambara tribe of Mali and the Chi Wara antelope Mask 9
4. CONCLUSION 11
5. BIBLIOGROPHY 12
1. FIGURE LIST
Figure Page
Figure 1: Unknown Artist, Pwo Mask, Wood Carving, patina and plant material,
9.5" x 10" x 10", Private Collection, (Bastin, 1982:91). 7
Figure 2: Unknown Artist, Chi Wara ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In this essay I am going to look at the Makishi Masquerades and the Transmission of knowledge

among the Chokwe and related people together with the Pwo mask, the Bambara tribe of Mali and
the Chi Wara antelope mask, and also at the role that the Holo mask plays in the Ngidi and Makanda
initiation rites (African masks history and meaning, S.a.; African art and architecture, 2001).
3. CONTEXT OF CEREMONIAL AFRICAN MASKING AND THE BASIC
CHARACTERISTICS THEREOF
3.1 The Makishi Masquerades among the Chokwe and related people
The Chokwe are famous for art items produced to celebrate and legalize the royal court. The art
objects can include elaborately carved stools and chairs used as thrones. Most of the sculptures are
portraits, which represent the royal ancestry. Staffs, sceptres, and spears are among other
implements sculpted to celebrate the court. Chokwe origin can perhaps be traced to the Mbuti and
Pygmies. Between 1600 and 1850 they were under extensive influence from the Lunda states and
were centrally located in Angola. In the second half of the 19th century though, substantial
improvement of the trade routes between the Chokwe homelands and the Angolan coast led to
increased trade of ivory and rubber. Wealth acquired from this allowed the Chokwe kingdom to
develop, eventually overtaking the Lunda states that had held sway over them for so long. Their
success was short–lived, however, the effects of

African Americans And Identity Of African American
In the year of 1619, the largest oppressive legal structure in American History came about, the
institution of slavery. Although slavery was abolished in the year of 1865, African Americans are
still enslaved by intuitional racism. There are systems in place to keep minorities at a disadvantage.
This system of oppression is carried by a number of factors such as; the segregation of black people
in urban areas referred to as ghettos, mass incarceration rate for people of color, large educational
gaps and killing of innocent lives with no justice. This system of oppression continues the
frustrating living conditions for black people, and continues to make being black in America a
constant struggle. Culture impacts circumstance and circumstance influences identity which can be
either beneficial or detrimental. Ones' overcoming of their circumstance will lead them to be
identified as a conqueror. This can be detrimental because it gives an incorrect scope of ones true
identity. The focus of this paper will be on the lives and identity of African American. In todays
society what does it mean to be black? To be identified as African American. What does it mean to
be black in America? How does culture impact circumstance and influence identity? In order to
understand and answer these questions one must go back to the early 16th century when the first
African slaves were bought to America.
In 1619, the Dutch introduced the first captured Africans to America planting the seeds of a

African Dance And African Culture
Dance has always been the focal point in which Africans are able to let free through movements of
emotion. In this essay I will discuss the history of African Dance and its importance to the African
Culture. Also will be discussing the general information of African dance, the different types of
African dance and the ones that I like the most. Dance in the African culture is something that
cannot be taken advantage of in the African Culture because it holds such a strong meaningful
moment at the time of any occasion. As we all may know slaves underwent a time when their
humanity was taken from them when they came to the Americas. But even though their humanity
was taken from them they still managed to carry on a tradition that still lives on. This tradition is
dance. Over the years dance has developed and become more modern but it is still has the influence
from African dance.
Many may know that it can be almost impossible to completely identify what African Dance is.
Africa is a huge continent that holds many different cultures, beliefs and overall ways of living. It is
said to be the most "socially and racially diverse on the planet (wikipedia)." Even though Africa can
be one of the most diverse places on earth, there can be similar dance styles being established
throughout many other larges countries. Creativecareerguice.com states that "history, language,
song, background, and purpose and cannot be translated to another dance of the same culture much
less another

African Americans And African American Community
As seen through time, African–Americans have been at a disadvantage when it comes to accessing
funds that are available to most people. This however has not stopped them from creating and
accessing help that supports and aids their families. Through communal efforts, African–Americans
have been able to create mutual aid for themselves. In these communities, there are many sectors
that have been built, but the main reason many are "making it" or able to afford and do what they
are currently doing is through the help of the various communities and organizations that came
about. Throughout each decade there have been forms of aid created solely for African Americans.
Before slavery, when African Americans were still in Africa, the communities were thriving
economically and socially. Africa produced a plethora of advanced civilizations. Although
Europeans like to credit themselves for the spread of Christianity, Christianity was in Ethiopia long
before the Europeans came. As one can see through time, church is an important communal and
distinctive quality of the African American community. In his book, West African Religion: A Study
of the Beliefs and Practices of Akan, Ewe, Yoruba, Ibo, and Kindred Peoples, Geoffrey Parrinder
explains, "Africa had a history, long before the Europeans came to our shores... Religion is a
fundamental, perhaps the most important, influence in the life of most Africans" (Parrinder 1).
African Americans already had the support system of a church

Animal Adaptations On African Penguins : African Penguins
Animal Adaptations Paper: African Penguins
African Penguins, (spheniscus demersus) are a species of penguins confined in cold currents along
South African waters. African penguins stay in a warm environment. They are the only penguins
found on the south–western coast of Africa; they live in colonies on twenty–four islands between
Namibia and Algoa Bay and they are the only species of penguins that grow in Africa (Aquarium of
The Pacific). They fly through the water and move their feet as rudders; the use their wings as
flippers. when swimming at the surface. African penguins can swim an average of 7 km per hour
and speeds up to 24 km per hour. They may hold their breath on a dive for an average of 2.5 minutes
(Portfolio). They enjoy eating anchovies and other small fishes such as sardines. They may also eat
squid and crustaceans. When African penguins find their mate they stay with that mate forever
(Monterey Aquarium). They are friendly social birds that groom one another in attempts of
removing any parasites. Lastly, they make donkey–like braying sounds to communicate with one
another (Smith).
African penguins are endangered species since 1956, when industrial fishing began to take place
around the cape. In the last 4 years their kind has plummeted, and since then were labeled as
"endangered." African penguins today are estimated to be 21,000 breeding pairs, before, in 1056 it
was estimated as 141,000 breeding pairs (Africa Siyabona). They are also the only penguin

African Ferican Vs African Americans
We fought for our rights to become one as an individual, to have freedom and liberty as the next
race. We've been ridiculed because of the color of our skin and disrespected by the rude derogatory
names. We fought for the right to be labeled and called an African American instead of nigger,
Negro, and color people, amongst other things. It was thought to be a respectable term but is now
raising feuds amongst African Americans who have different tones of black and brown on their skin.
An African American has totally different morals and cultural beliefs than an African who was born
and raised in the countries of Africa. They have a different way of living, a different government
and law, and different struggles. "A shared complexion does not equal a shared culture, nor does it
automatically lead to friendships," says Kofi Glover, a native of Ghana and a political science
professor at the University of South Florida. "Whether we like it or not, Africans and African–
Americans have two different and very distinct cultures." (TRACIE REDDICK) African Americans
aren't always accepting to "their own people" when they come from a different country to America.
Sometimes they make fun of them because they're not the same, or a little darker skin complexion,
their accent, and also the way they dress and carry themselves. You can never just put any person of
a certain race into a category because you never know the history of their people. Some people are
mixed in

African Studies
Carlos Moore and Abdias do Nascimento are both prominent scholars and activists. Moore is an
ethnologist and political scientist with two doctorates from the prestigious University of Paris,
France. He was banished from his native country Cuba for 30 years. Nascimento is a prominent
Afro– Brazilian scholar and artist. He is considered to be a historical leader of the Black Movement
in Brazil. Their work had an enormous contribution to the societies of Brazil and Cuba. They
worked hard and often sacrificing their freedom hoping to put an end to racial discrimination in their
countries of origin in South America. They spend much of their adult lives fighting for racial justice
in their native countries. Carlos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In late 1963, he fled Cuba, with the assistance of the embassy of Guinea, where he took refuge. He
went on to specialize in African, Latin–American and Caribbean affairs, and while residing in
France developed a prolific career in journalism, serving as in–house journalist for France's national
news agency, Agence France–Presse, and as a specialist on West African affairs for the international
weekly Jeune Afrique. Most of his academic life has been devoted to research on the impact of race
and ethnicity on domestic politics and inter–state affairs (The Official Website of Carlos Moore).
Born in the town of Franca, State of São Paulo, in March 1914 Abdias do Nascimento received his
B. A. in Economics from the University of Rio de Janeiro in 1938, and post–graduate degrees from
the Higher Institute of Brazilian Studies (1957) and the Oceanography Institute (1961). Before he
reached the age of 20, he was involved with the civil rights movement for Afro–Brazillians. He
founded the Brazilian Black Front in 1931; in 1944 he founded the Black Experimental Theater,
focusing on African culture and on the Afro–Brazilian life experience. Those institutions created the
first generation of Black actresses and actors in Brazil. He also founded and organized the First
Congress of Brazilian Blacks in Rio de Janeiro in 1950. Nascimente left the country, exiled from the
military dictatorship for 13 years (1968–1981).

African Dance
African Dance/ Bridges to Humanity Pearl Primus was a dancer, choreographer, anthropologist and
a teacher. She majored in biology and pre–medicine at Hunter College of the City University of
New York and graduated where she also, taught dance and anthropology. Primus spent period of
time in the South visiting churches, observing the lifestyle of the common people as well living and
working with sharecroppers. It was that experience that inspired much of her subsequent
choreography. She was concerned not only with African heritage but also with African retentions in
the religious ceremonies of southern blacks. Primus choreography chronicled the black experience
in the United States and the traditional dances of Africa and the Caribbean. Primus ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Snipe received his M.A. in International Relations from Syracuse University where funding for this
research was made possible by a Senate Research Grant and the Department of Afro–American
Studies. In September of 1993, Snipe defended his dissertation, the dynamic interplay between
politics and the arts in Senegal, at Indiana University. The authors talked about the importance of
African Dance and their functions. The author quoted The true African dance is basic in subject
matter: birth, death, puberty rites, marriage, hailing a new chief, discovering evil spirits, detecting
criminals, praying for rain, sun, strong children, good harvest, good hunting, victory in warfare,
success in love, revenge, protection of the gods, honoring the ancestors, and play (Primus, p.64).
The second function of African dance that the author mentioned is "The love and respect for the
earth is one of the main factors of African dance" (Snipe, p.7). The third function of African dance is
repetition with an emphasis on the earth. This emphasis on repetition reveals that the community is
attempting to express the perceived stability of its environment (Snipe p.65). One of the first things I
learned in class was to show love and respect for the earth when dancing African music. One of the
movements from Kpanlogo is to thank the earth. The second function the author mentioned was
repetition in African dance. I believe repetition applies to Kpanlogo because they're a lot of repeated

Kwanz African American And Pan-African Holidays
Homework #2 Kwanza is an African American and Pan–African holiday that many celebrate
worldwide. Many get it confused and try to think of it as "African" Christmas but in reality the
holiday's purpose is to celebrate life. Dr. Maulana Karenga is the founder and creator of the holiday.
Dr. Maulana carries a prestigious background with 2 PhD's one in political science and the other in
social ethics. He first introduced the idea of Kwanza at a festival in 1966. Kwanza is celebrated
from December 26th to January 1st.The purpose of Kwanza is for African Americans to fully
embrace their culture and represent it. The word "kwanza" originates from Kenya, its Kiswahili and
translation of the words mean "first". They're two things that are key components'

African Americans And African American Equality
The future looked brighter than ever for African Americans in the year 1865; Union victory,
emancipation, the right to vote, education and opportunity were on the horizon. However, the post–
civil war time period proved to be much different than anticipated. Although blacks were eager to
demonstrate their democratic participation and inclusion, they were often faced with opposition and
disenfranchisement, especially during and after reconstruction. This oscillating and contradictory
battle for African American equality is seen best in primary sources of the time; written by known
historical figures such as Robert B. Elliott (but also everyday documents such as contracts and
petitions) these sources take us back in time for a first hand and inside look of the struggle between
blacks and whites on the definition of freedom. Right at the end of the civil war, an integrated
convention was held between General William T. Sherman and leaders of the black community to
redefine African American freedom. The conclusion proposed was issuing Special Field Order 15
where plots of land would be held for the settlement of black families, each receiving forty acres
and a mule. A couple months later, more than 40,000 freed slaves had settled on what came to be
known as "Sherman land." To many African Americans, true freedom was linked to land ownership,
something Special Field Order 15 had given them, however, this was short lived as Andrew
Johnson, Lincoln 's successor, ordered all of the

The And Of African Americans
To break this question down it 's simply asking " How can something you believe in or know change
your perspective plan ideas or intentions that we have?" To what extent mean the limit of
something. A concept is a general notion plan idea or intention; conception. An idea of something
formed by mentally combining all its characteristics or particulars; a construct. And finally shaping
our conclusions means change how we see things. The knowledge question would be "how badly
does what we already know change how we see the world. I agree that what we already know and
have general ideas of can change how we see things. Like with the AOK history. The concept of
history can change the way Caucasians or African Americans view slavery. White people may view
slavery as a good thing or a bad thing and view black people as equals or not. They may feel
horrible about what their people has done to African Americans in the past and become sympathetic
to them.White people may feel guilty. African Americans may not be as understanding to white
people. White people were responsible for slavery.Slavery was cruel and brutal. It broke up families,
limited life choice and resulted in the death of many African Americans. They were dehumanized by
Caucasians which is something that black people still suffer from today. Things like police brutality
and white privilege plays a huge part in this. Majority of white police officers use excessive and/or
unnecessary force when dealing with African

Imperialism : The African Art And Its Impact Of African Art
For centuries, African art has been thought of as a valuable piece of history, but as time continues to
pass African art is gradually losing is value while other pieces are gaining value. This occurs
because as more people of todays society owns pieces of African art, these same people are also
losing, breaking, or damaging these priceless pieces of artwork. The problem lies with how people
are able to get their hands on these priceless artifacts and what actions the economy is taking in
order to protect and preserve African art. To understand how precious African was distributed, we
mush first under stand what imperialism is and how it directly correlates with African culture and
history. According to dictionary.com imperialism is the, "acquisition by a government of other
governments or territories, or of economic or cultural power over other nations or territories, often
used by force" ("Imperialism"). A good example of imperialism is when a large country is broken
down into small pieces and people from other nations try to grab as many pieces as possible. By
splitting up a country this way, it allows all of the people of different nations the ability to own a
small piece of one large country. The downfall of dividing a country up and having to that country
go through imperialism, is that the divided country will begin to lose its valuables in the brutal
fights against imperialism. According to Virgilio Dias, "Imperialism comes from where the
concentration of capital is

African Americans And African American Culture
Based on my life experiences, the characteristics described by McNamara and Burns (2009) were
essentially consistent with my experiences and perception of the African American culture. One
common characteristic is that African Americans are much more likely to live in poverty and
poverty stricken areas than White Americans (McNamara & Burns, 2009). What I have learned it is
not as simple as African Americans are poorer than White Americans. While the statement is true, it
is simplistic. There are many reasons and. causes for the disparity in wealth and income between
African Americans and White American. One explanation given by McNamara and Burns (2009) is
that African Americans lived in slavery for over two centuries in what is now the United States. This
is one cause, but to rely on this as the reason for the disparity is simplistic. Slavery was outlawed
only to be replaced by discrimination against African Americans (McNamara & Burns, 2009). While
the law changed, the attitudes of people did not. No law can force how a person thinks. The attitudes
of White Americans continued to see African Americans are having less rights than White
Americans (Williams, n.d.). This was especially true in the South where in the majority of the states
slavery was legal (McNamara & Burns, 2009). The attitudes and discrimination are still evident
today in all areas of life. The criminal justice system purports to be color blind when it comes to the
administration of justice,

African-America
Participating in the following for a multicultural shopping activity has opened my eyes to what an
African–American woman goes through in her daily life. The list was short and I thought it would
be a quick trip to the store. I became frustrated as I went to three different stores and still had an
uncompleted shopping list. The only items I did find were the makeup, a fashion magazine, and a
child's toy. I was not able to find bandages, a romance novel, a children's book or a birthday card.
The first item on my list was a box of bandages which I could not find to match an African
American woman's skin. Something interesting I did find was if I had been looking for a child's
band aid I could buy a box of McStuffins band aids 20 count for $2.78 or I could choose Disney
Princesses for $2.17. Both are Disney products that I would have thought should have sold for the
same price, which makes me look at the difference of what was pictured on the package front.
Before searching for the makeup I wanted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When I was trying to find the makeup and looked for help I found the only African–American sales
person was a male, so I did not approach him for assistance with makeup. The only customers I
spotted were European–American and Hispanics. While checking out the cashier I had was African–
American and when I explained the assignment to her the response I received was good luck with
that. I asked her about finding the items and she looked at me smiling and said probably won't find
that stuff in this store.
When I located the managers of each store I found they were either European–American or
Hispanic. There was not one African–American manager or sales person that I could have received
assistance from. Of course I could have approached the manager explaining my problem with
finding shades to match my skin tone, but I do not believe they would have been able to fully assist

African Art
In order to feel what the African descents in this art piece felt go to the desert in Africa's ninety plus
weather, walk barefoot everywhere you go, go to the forest to hunt for food, wrap yourself around in
a thin–like linen cloth if you are a woman and wrap the cloth at an angle around you if you are a
man, drink water that is not so clean, expect to get sick regularly because hospitals are few and if
you go to the hospital you most likely would not be able to afford it and lastly deal with the fact that
Africa does not have the technological advancements that us Americans have today. In life, we tend
to take things for granted especially living in a country where you have everything compared to let
us say a third world country. The purpose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I chose this piece because looking at my fellow Black people having to carry their groceries on top
of their heads and walking with their work materials everywhere they go it sort of broke me down to
think that this is what they had to go through before a lot of the technological advancements were
created such as trucks or even something simple as socks and shoes. On top of that, I felt connected
in a way to this piece because of just one word alone – struggle. Throughout my life, I never had an
easy pathway or someone to tell me that I should learn to crawl before I walk. From financial
hardships to a single–parent household, emotional distress, and the lack of a support system.
Struggles are a part of the journey that is life, some people might be prepared to face challenges
while others may not, but it is the person that is inside you that will dictate how you overcome those
trials and

The Exploitation Of Africans And Members Of The African...
Throughout American history, the exploitation of Africans and members of the African diaspora
continues as a controversial topic among cultural critics because of America's unwillingness to
accept the flaws of its past. Discussions on whether the sentiments of slavery still impact people of
the African diaspora are intricate. Furthermore, the marginalization of people of the African
Diaspora continues to complexify the issue. Social concepts in modern America such as education,
nationhood, fact making, discrimination, racism, systematic oppression, etc. all relate back to
history, specifically slavery. Ultimately, Europeans' dehumanization, exploitation, and
demoralization of African slaves during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries ... Show more
Comparable with hunting, after you find and capture a slave you must prevent them from escaping.
In preparation of a revolt, Europeans would have multiple tactics in place to instill control,
"Europeans had learned to prepare for rebellion as early as 1651." (Gomez 76). Forcing nakedness
upon the Africans created a sense of vulnerability; furthermore, Europeans apprehended African
men with wrist and ankle chains to avoid rebellion. Comparatively, women were chained and kept
separate from their male counterparts to discourage escape. Separating the men and women was not
solely in case of revolt, it was also a way to control the slaves mentally and physically. According to
Gomez, "the separation of male and female captives also facilitated the long, sordid history of the
rape of African women and girls by European men, a humiliation that began before they were ever
sold to the New World" (76). These dark methods along with many others would influence the
future treatment Africans and eventually people of African descent experience, painting a bleak
narrative in the Americas riddled with racism, prejudice, discrimination, and oppression. Problems
such as discrimination, exclusivity, separation, and racism significantly affect the Black identity and
relate back to Slavery. Europeans' successful efforts to control African Slaves have resulted in a
series of modern

African Vs. African American Experiences And Relations
African vs. African–American Experiences and Relations in Determining the Binding Factor
between the Two Groups of People
Introduction:
Marcus Garvey, a 'proponent of Black Nationalism and Pan–Africanism movements" (), once stated
that "a people without knowledge of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without
roots." (Good Reads Quotes) He was in fact very much so right. Most people in this world care
about where they come from, who they descended from and where the backbone of their identity
lies. Have you ever wondered why almost most orphans tend to look for their family lines or go out
in search of where they belong? It is with this very essence my quest to look for answers and
investigate about two very distinct yet similar groups. The groups I examine throughout this paper
are Africans and African–Americans. What I seek to find out is why two very 'distinct' yet similar
groups of people fail to see eye to eye, judging from the fact that Africans and African–Americans
look alike, originated from Africa and their histories and culture somehow intertwine with each
other. The main question here really is: what are the factors that hinder the relationship between
Africans and African–American people.
The purpose of my research paper is to build awareness, which has been disconnected between the
two groups. This paper will underline the very basis of the chasms that have caused this disconnect
between African–Americans and Africans. Awareness is essential

African Americans
A slave is an individual entirely subjected to his or her owners' will. Slaves were treated like
merchandise. They could be purchased and sold, traded for other items, lent out to, or mortgaged
like a form of domestic animal. Slavery differentiates from many types of mistreatment ranging
from serfdom, manual labor, or the ranking of women in patriarchal society. In past history the
conventional definition of slavery was legal and stated that "slaves were peoples' property and could
be bought, sold, traded, leased, or mortgaged like a form of livestock (Gilder Lehrman, 2009)."
Because slaves are under the private control and care of their owner they were often exposed to
sexual abuse and cruel unusual punishment. In many cultures, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Those slaves, who were fortunate to work in their master's home, worked as servants and did jobs
such as laundry, making dinner, cleaning or look after the children. These slaves did work long
hours but enjoyed a nice roof over their head, clean clothes, no physical labor and enjoyed a nice
meal. "Other slaves who worked on plantations became trained craft workers like bricklayers,
blacksmiths, carpenters, or cabinetmakers (Alto Arizona, 2000)." "Besides working on plantations,
some slaves worked in factories while others became construction workers on canals, railroads,
dockworkers, office workers, riverboat pilots, and lumberjacks (Alto Arizona, 2000)."
An education was never in the foreshowing for many African's in this century. Whites never gave
them the opportunity or privilege to learn fundamental basics of reading, writing, and arithmetic.
Many whites feared that if blacks became educated, the power and control factors would be reversed
and the challenge of white supremacy may no longer exist (The Civil Rights Movement, 2004).
Also, with an education, slaves would not be content with jobs such as working in the fields or in
domestic service and slavery may be abolished. When public schools became an innovation, most
black were ecstatic to finally gain common knowledge and have any free education at all. In
addition, they enjoyed attending schools of their own, not intervened with white obstruction, in
which black children

African Of African American Culture
There is no doubt that African Americans have a rich cultural background and history like the many
different ethnic groups who settled in the New World, whose origins lie in another country. For this
reason, America was known as the melting pot. However, the backgrounds of each of these cultures
were not always understood or, in the case of African Americans, accepted among the New World
society and culture. Americans were ignorant to the possibility of differences among groups of
people until information and ideas started to emerge, particularly, the African retention theories.
This sparked an interest in the field of African culture and retention in African Americans. However,
the study of African American culture truly emerged as a result of increased awareness in America,
specifically through the publication and findings of scholarly research and cultural events like the
Harlem Renaissance where all ethnicities were able to see this rich historical culture of African
Americans.
There were many who became dedicated to this field of study, but two of the most predominant
researchers and scholars of the African retention theories were Lorenzo Turner and Melville
Herskovits. While both researchers examined different aspects of culture, Herskovits and Turner
were both convinced that there was indeed African retention in African American culture and
society (Wade–Lewis 402). Turner specifically researched linguistic retention, while Herskovits
researched many aspects of the

African Americans And African American History
As African Americans we need to know the history of our ancestors in order to make the next
generation better. African Americans need to know the struggles and hardships that our ancestors
had to go through that pave the way for my generation and the generations after me. It is important
to know how our ancestors had to endure slavery. If the older generation does not continue to pay
homage to the history of our ancestors, the younger generation will lose sight of what our ancestors
have been through (Roberts, 2011). The younger generation is not interested in African American
History. It is about what someone can do for them. The younger generation wants everything handed
to them not to work for it because the younger generation thinks the world owe them something.
The younger generation does not have respect for their elders now. As African Americans we should
not forget the segregation and the hanging and deaths of African Americans because of the color of
their skin. It is also important because racism still exist today (Roberts, 2011). There are still racist
white people that do not want the world to change (Roberts, 2011). There are some white people
that want to go back to slavery because white people think African Americans are not worthy
(Roberts, 2011). White people do not want African Americans to know about their history because
there were intelligent African Americans that were inventors. Some examples of African American
inventors are: Garrett Morgan invented

African Studies: African Experience Analysis Essay
How do we undertake the study of the African experience?
Abstract:
In my research, to understand how we undertake the study of the African experience you have to
start in the beginning of time which dates back hundreds of thousands years ago and go into one of
the first civilizations known as ancient Egypt. Understanding where the people come from and
where they are at today does not even cover a quarter of understanding the true African experience.
To understand truly how to undertake the African experience you must understand the social
structure, governance, ways of knowing, science and technology, movement and memory, and
cultural meaning (The six conceptual categories). With these concepts you understand that in a
cosmograph known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows that civilization started in Africa. As much as Europeans try and take everything from us
Africans and rewrite our history as far as the Christopher Columbus era, it does not matter because
artifacts shows that everything was started in Africa. We use ways of knowing to prove that between
the bones found in Africa there was civilization in ancient Africa. "Experiential Kin is when you
grow up with someone, even though your not blood family that's your cousin. You don't have aunts
or uncles like in America. You have the nucleus family then the extended family." This is the reason
villages were so important in the uprising of Africa. In discussion, before the Romans and Greeks
had the idea of conquering the world, there were ancient Egyptians. Consisting of nobles, scribes,
farmers, and craftsman, Egyptians created time through sundials, books through scribes, language
through hieroglyphics, crops through farmers, art through craftsman. In addition, temples were built
on with their own backs and hands, which is something that no man today, would be able to
accomplish. The era of technology seemed to have just recently surpassed the dedication and hard
work of the ancient people. As we fast forward in time we go back to the Christopher Columbus era.
Europeans came to Africa and their mission was to erase all of the knowledge and power we had
before their arrival.

African Americans And African American Studies
The mission of the students around the country who fought for an education that would shed light
on African Americans. The progress the students created is seen today in American Universities ,and
also HBCUs, where (AAS)African American Studies is implemented into the curriculum. Before,
the dissection the formation of AAS, it should be noted that without the sacrifice from others I
undoubtedly would not be writing about AAS ,or reflecting on the significance it has created for
generations so far.
There have always been African Studies, just not in the American Education System, black
intellectuals dedicated many years to understand African American History and their origin and their
role in society. Though the first instance for this course to be considered in school began in the
1960s. The purpose of the African American studies program is to study and analyze the history,
culture, achievements, and issues of African Americans in the United States who are African
descent. Also, the discipline explains the connection between African Americans and white and
other ethnic groups. African American Studies was not created for the purposes of discounting
European history, it will allow students to learn the importance of African history and how it has
intertwined with American society.
One African American professor named Dr. Maulana Karenga developed the Kwaida theory that
exposed the cultural and social disadvantages African Americans faced because of a Eurocentric

African Americans And African American Males
Currently, African Americans make up nearly one million of the total 2.3 million incarcerated
population. Nearly one in three African American males born today can expect to serve time in
prison during their lifetime (NAACP, 2015). A central issue in today's society is the rate of
criminalization of African American males. There are many speculations on this topic; however, the
central one is when a crime is committed then there is "time" to be served. However, the time served
by African American males is disproportionate than that of Caucasian counterparts for the exact
same crime. The lack of concern that is presented over the clear overrepresentation of African
American males in the prison system is appalling.
The present analysis will offer a comprehensive summary of the different factors that are to be taken
into account of the stigmatization of African American male offenders. These factors include
treatment while incarcerated, family support, the impact of the incarceration on the family, and the
correlation between different social and contextual factors and incarceration.
African American Males Research shows that individuals of African American descent are
imprisoned more often than Caucasians. When it comes to prison, African American males seem to
be discriminated against. In 2001, a total of 16.6% of African American males were incarcerated in
a State or Federal prison (Bonczar, 2003). According to the Bonczar (2003), one in three African
American

African Americans And African American Culture Essay
Exactly how "black" is black America? African American culture in the United States has evolved
continuously throughout United States history carrying on various cultural traditions of African
ethnic groups brought here during slavery. The U.S. Census Bureau defines African Americans as "a
person having origins in any of the Black race groups of Africa."[1]. African American culture is
derived chiefly from people originated from sub–Saharan and Sahelian cultures in Africa. Over
hundreds of years, black culture has partially been assimilated into western ideals in America.
However, despite the persistent persecutions of "slave culture", the African influences brought here
has evolved and continues to be relevant through Black American artwork, literature, musical
production, cuisines, and language still present in their societies. These are all spirited by influences
of the Africa nation that originated the black culture here in present times.
Artwork has been an imperative part of Black culture, and many artist share their inspirations
coming from African origins. From the beginning of slave societies to present day, African America
artwork has contributed to large parts of United States artistic collection. Beginning in the early
1600 to 1800 "black art took the form of small drums, quilts, wrought–iron figures and ceramic
vessels in the southern United States. These artifacts have similarities with comparable crafts in
West and Central Africa." The significance of the

The African Of African Diaspora
The African diaspora also known as the forced movement of primarily Western Africans to various
parts of the globe including the Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. One of the most
influential sectors of the African diaspora was the Trans–Atlantic trade route. According to PBS'
How Many Slaves Landed in the U.S.? "Between 1525 and 1866, in the entire history of the slave
trade to the New World, according to the Trans–Atlantic Slave Trade Database, 12.5 million
Africans were shipped to the New World," out of the 12..5 million who were taken, approximately
10 million survived the dreaded middle passage. These freshly chained slaves afoot on unknown
terrain were then separated and sold to the highest bidder at a local slave auction. ... Show more
Ancillary, employees who quit before the end date of their labor contract could be arrested and
returned to their masters by a judge's order. Southern Black Codes counted on vagrancy laws to
coerce freedmen to sign labor contracts. Not all state constitutions limited these laws to unemployed
blacks, many included others such as peddlers and gamblers. The code provided that vagrants could
be arrested and imprisoned with harsh labor. However, the county sheriff could rent black vagrants
to white employers to work off their sentence.Southern states constitutions also executed
apprenticeship laws which yet again supplied white employers with black orphans, and the children
of vagrants. These codes allowed courts to apprentice black children against their will until the age
of 21 for men, and 18 for women. For another time, those in charge of the children were able to
inflict whippings as punishment. Lastly, most Southern states established a racially segregated court
systems for both civil and criminal cases. This was also the circumstance for any case that either
involved a black defendant or plaintiff. The African American courts exclusively granted black
witnesses the right to to testify in court, only in those pertaining to the person or property of an
African American. Any crimes that a white person believed and African American may have
committe had excruciating penalties. For the most part crimes such as, rebellion, arson, burglary, or
assaulting a white woman

African Americans
African Americans: Historical Journey from 1865 to the Present
HIS: 204: American History Since 1865
Professor Lisa Burgin
July 14, 2014
Introduction
The African American journey has been one of trials and tribulations which they suffered greatly to
achieve freedom and success. The battle has led the citizens of this nation to have witnessed the first
African American President of the United States. The journey that has brought African Americans to
the present situation has seen intermittent successes and numerous setbacks. Perseverance from
many generations has brought about a gradual but progressive change. The journey begun in a state
of slavery, through the act of slavery racism was seen in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The passing of various civil liberty movements', education, employment and voting privileges
improved. Fox (2014) stated that southern blacks were impatient in seeking voting privileges. The
U.S. Constitution gave all blacks a nominal right to vote, but southern blacks were often blocked at
the polls, and racial apartheid was the foundation of a rigid caste system.
The Thirteenth and Fifteenth Amendment abolished slavery and Americans were making strides to
work things out. After the release of slaves the black codes of law were passed laws, statues, and
rules enacted by southern states after the Civil War to gain control over the slaves again and protect
the white man's property from retaliation. The slave owners were worried that they had to do the
Plantation work themselves after the slaves were freed, and blacks would want revenge on them
because of the hardships of oppression over hundreds of years.
Progression of African Americans throughout the 18th and 19th centuries was a struggle. The
relationships between blacks and whites were, frustrating and intense, primarily because the concept
of reigning in superior positions over African Americans lives in respect to finances, social
activities, cultural values or political affiliations has not changed significantly. African Americans
fought for equal opportunity and their

The Roles Of African American Reparations For African...
Reparations for African American is something that is an increasingly more important topic of
debate today. There are reasonable arguments from those who are for or against African Americans
receiving reparations from the time of slavery and up until 100 years post slavery to include the
racism and lack of government aide to prevent the actions of Anti–African American Groups. While
there are compelling arguments from both sides I believe that Black Americans are owed reparations
for the service they provided for the country to succeed today.
Many articles and Arguments found were in support of the reparations movement and shed further
insight into the issue. One of the arguments against reparations is that reparations are justified for
the centuries of unpaid servitude done for the United States. Because of Slavery Blacks were
involved in building an overwhelming majority of America compared to all other races during that
time period. Advocates argue that Blacks were taken from their original home of Africa and sold
into captivity and had their lives stolen for the advantages of others. It is not only fair for the
American government and people to help them as it is still apparent that blacks are nowhere near
equal compared to other races.
Other Arguments focus on the 100–year period following post–slavery in which groups built solely
on hate were able to take charge of the government in some states. The period following slavery
involved acts of racism, violence, and hate

African History : African American History
The history of Africa is very complex. Europeans invaded Africa and stripped them of their culture
and denied future generations their history. Despite the focus on the time of enslavement in modern
history, African history expands far beyond that. African history has been consistently whitewashed
and many historians have attempted to put our history in a box. In order to understand and study the
African experience, one must realize that the history of Africa extends far beyond the times of
enslavement and colonialism.
Critical Review of Scholarship:
I think it is important to understand that African people have been present on this Earth for a very
long time, long before white people decided to rip them from their homes. Many people of America
don't know the true history of Africa and that Africans are the true creators of civilization. Because
of this lack of knowledge about our history, I think many people don't know the greatness that black
people are capable of. We come from a long legacy of kings and queens, but many people think of
us as thugs and felons and unfortunately some of our people perpetuate this myth. The study of the
African experience is important because it is necessary to know where we come from in order to
understand where we can go. Reading is the best way to learn more about our history. This semester
one of the books that we are reading is Something Torn and New by Ngũgĩ wa Thiong 'o and he
talks about the disembodiment of the African people.

African American Of African Americans
African Americans have witnessed much discrimination throughout the years. The issue of
reparations for all African Americans is argued by one scholar and a credible newspaper. The debate
about reparations started with the agreement side from the opinion of Robert Allen. He stated
historical aspects that showed the crusade that many African American leaders started to get a
compromise with the government. Allen continues to research the problems of African American
involving with financial worth in America throughout history. He even goes as far to say that
"Reparations provides a framework for the redistribution of wealth within the existing political
economy." The opposition of the debate was from the writers of The Economist. They defended
their argument with a policy that focused on the difficulty of identifying the victims and past
perpetrators. The writers also brought up the fact that corporations involved in exploitation of slaves
made amends a long time ago and cannot be responsible for the predicament of African Americans.
This debate has heightened over the years as new forms of oppression of African Americans have
appeared in recent years. In my view of the debate, Robert Allen has the most logical argument over
the writers of The Economist about the need for the government to make reparations for African
Americans as way for racial equality. Robert L. Allen is adjunct professor of African American
Studies at University of California Berkeley and received a

African American Oppression : African Americans Essay
African American Oppression
1. A group that has been oppressed for a long period of time is African Americans. They dealt with
so much from history to present that I feel they should benefit from community organizing.
Especially with recent events that's going on with them as a population, they could benefit from it.
2. The African American population in the U.S is 13.3% and what distinguishes them from the rest
of the population is that there's a lot of history behind African Americans. The descendants of
African Americans today went through slavery and that's always going to be taught in schools and
remembered by plenty of people. With that being said there are always going to negative views from
other groups of people that further the oppression culturally.
3. Some evidence to back that up is what they go through today. The first example is "In 2010, the
U.S Sentencing Commission reported that African Americans receive 10% longer sentences than
whites through the federal system for the same crimes (11 Facts About Racial Discrimination, n.d.).
The second evidence is that "The Guardian found that twice as many blacks as whites killed by the
police were likely to be unarmed (32% to 15%) (Peppe, 2015). The third evidence is that "White
Americans use drugs more than African Americans, but African Americans are arrested for drug
possession more than three times as often as whites (Goyette & Scheller, 2014). The fourth evidence
is that "Employers are more likely to turn away

African American
| African Americans | | |
Christy B. |
ETH 125
June 5, 2011 |
|
African Americans
Who are we, where did we come from, what has been our experience since we landed on United
States soil? The migration of Africans has been very significant in the making of African Americans
history and culture. Today's 35 million African Americans are heirs to all the migrations that have
formed and transformed African America, the United States, and the Western Hemisphere (The New
York Public Library, n.d.). African American history starts in the 1500s with the first Africans
coming from Mexico and the Caribbean to the Spanish territories of Florida, Texas, and other parts
of the South (The New York Public Library, n.d.). Although ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In 1831, northern free slaves began to try to free slaves from forced captivity of southern slave
owners, which began the movement of the Underground Railroad. In 1865, the victory of the civil
war, freed four million black slaves, but white southerners were not happy with the idea of slaves
having freedom so they designed laws to restrict freed slaves from civility and ensure that they did
not lose their labor force. As the years went on and new laws were passed for citizenship, white
southerners continued to come up with ways to restrict Blacks from many social activities in which
they were already granted through the laws of the Constitution.
By the 19th century, many social forms of discrimination existed to keep Black Americans from
being equal to White Americans. Laws like separate but equal where put into places to keep Black
Americans from being in the same places as White Americans, like; neighborhoods, schools,
churches, restaurants, and so on. White Americans also believed that Blacks should not have the
right to vote; which led to many black movements for the continuous fight for equality in the nation
of freedom. By 1954 the Brown vs. Board of Education case reversed the "separate but equal"
doctrine that previously had been set in 1896, allowing children both White and Black children to
attend the same schools and same classrooms. In

African American Music And Its Impact On African Americans
Music in the 1900 's had meaning , music was how African Americans got through a long working
day . Music then was something that no man could take away . That still applies to the 21st century
music , back onto the 1900 's African Americans were not given the same privileges as they are
today . Music was the less threatening way for African Americans to get there point across . The
music was not always about them wanting equality , there was loving songs , upbeat songs , songs
about what they are doing . There were always those songs that would get a person in there feelings
. The music that tells a person life story on what all they may have been through . Most the listeners
were African American which is good , then there may have been some white but not many . African
American music to some was not as important to them as to others . The African American music
has evolved from the 1900 's to now , also the amount of people that listen to African American
music has also evolved . At a farm in Mississippi is an example of how African Americans used
music to get through a hard working day . Music while working usually help the time go by faster .
The music in which was sung in the fields or in the cabins for entertainment later became known as
The Blues . Blues music is usually written from the heart it is an emotional genre of music , the
lyrics or the feeling in the blues comes from a place in someone that may be hurting or struggling . "
But the blues are unique to the

African American Voting Rights For African Americans
When Washington was delivering the Atlanta Exposition he claimed that "according of the full
exercise of political rights is going to be a matter of natural, slow growth, not an over–night [Sic]
gourd–vine affair". However, Du Bois believed that it was necessary to agitate and upset to gain
voting rights for African Americans, essentially believing that their freedom and their right to vote
had to be explosive and upset the social order. Through political power, Du Bois felt that economic
security and material gains could be achieved. But Washington opposed the direct militancy of Du
Bois. Washington made the point that the militancy would only serve to upset the whites in the
south, which in turn would limit African American voting rights. Much of their differences in
suffrage can be understood through their respective backgrounds. Washington was a former slave,
so his experiences later affected how he viewed voting. His subservience to his 'masters' as to not
upset or cause unnecessary violence is apparent in his pragmatic and slow evolving voting ideals.
While Du Bois grew up in a white European neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, relatively
secluded from the Jim Crow Laws of the South. Du Bois' self proclaimed elitist attitude, reveals the
most important difference and reasoning between him and Washington on the matter of the need for
African American suffrage. Du Bois, from experience, knew that suffrage in the north was a far
more attainable goal after the Civil

African Narrative

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Pawpaw Tran

More from Pawpaw Tran (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

African Narrative