Ancient African Empires' Military Tactics Shaped the Modern World

Contributions to African and World Civilizations The Carthage was one of first big empires of
the Africa and continues to be the largest. The biggest contribution to world civilizations today is
the military tactics taken away from the Carthage Army and Navy. Hannibal Barca was the
greatest military Generals of the ancient world, he lead the Carthaginian Army. He took over at
the age of 26. Some of the tactics that he used that were so successful and are used today are
taking out and surrounding the enemy with a combined forced of infantry and cavalry. His most
famous battle was at Cannae and the Romans lost 50,000 to 70,000 people while Hannibal only
lost about 4,000 men. He is also studied for his leadership throughout his reign. He had great
strategic and tactical ideas that allowed him to win but he also knew how to lead people. His wins
allowed him to become famous/popular in the eyes of the Carthage people. Numerous times
throughout history he is mentioned within literature. Hannibal was a progressive and strong leader
that defeated thousands of civilizations the entire world and was praised for his tactics and
leadership abilities. He is still studied by high–ranking military leaders all over the world. The
second biggest contribution to civilizations around the world is their inventions. They are credited
for the invention of glass, sun inventions and perfumes, among other things. These inventions with
their trade skills allowed them to have a global impact. They
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African Narrative
It was a hot morning in Sierra Leone. I was farming in the rice field while my wife took care of my
three children. Being part of the Mendi people, I was raised to work hard for my family. I had to
take care of my father who was very ill. My real name was Singbe–Pieh, but people call me Cinque
for short. One day, African tribesmen approached me in the rice field. They ordered me to pay
the debt. The African tribesmen warned me about the creditor being too impatient about me
paying my debt. I tried to make a consent with them but they claimed it was too late. I didn't know
what to do, I was clueless. The tribesmen were armed with a gun. I knew something was wrong. I
tried to call for help but the tribesmen prevented me from doing so. They surrounded me from
every angle and started beating me with their guns. I tried desperately to escape. I was worried about
my wife and my children, wondering if they were safe. I was coughing up blood and I was...show
more content...
I was in shock and horror. My people were brutally beaten and injured. They were all covered in
chains. I was in Gallinas where I was sold to a Spanish slave trader. History repeated itself. I was
once again separated from my people. From afar, I saw a giant creature with huge expanding
wings. I assumed it was one of the things that brought me here. It was huge. I heard they were
called slave ships. The word "slave" gave me a chill on my back. I aboard the slave ship known as
the Tecora. It was the same as the one before. However, I was sent to a different destination which
was Havana, Cuba. After several weeks, I finally reached Havana, Cuba. I was briefly held there
for awhile and was resold to a Spanish captain named Pedro Ruiz. The next slave ship that I was
placed aboard on was the La Amistad which translated to "The Friendship". The name was really
ironic because the slave owners weren't friendly at all. I was planned to be taken to Port Au

Research Paper On African Diaspora
Lastly, I would like to note that the Jewish Diaspora in which I will later discuss the African
Diaspora have one similar concept in common, which is the lack of an active geographical center.
Moreover, the Jewish diaspora sheds light on how they were exiled from their homeland and then
established during the Zionist movement. Introduction To Shofar Special Issue: Rethinking Exile,
Center, and Diaspora in Modern Jewish Culture suggests, "Jews and Jewish culture possess no
geographical center. That is to say, while the Land ofIsrael constituted a present liturgical focus and
a present hope for messianic return, there was not a prominent sense of living "outside of" a
geographical center that existed elsewhere in the world. From this perspective,...show more content...
According to the book New Africa Diaspora, "Music has been one of the primary media of
communication in Pan–African world, through which cultural influences, ideas, images,
instruments, institutions, and identities have continuously circulated, in the process of creating
new modes of cultural expressions both within Africa itself and in the diaspora (Okpewho &
Nzwgwu, 2012). The music was rooted to express the displacement of the African people and
used as a creative way to connect with others in their culture. Through the use of music, cultures
are able to express their true emotions and feelings to current and past events that have happened
within their lives. This was a creative way for this group of individuals to relate to their homeland
and also express their feelings of displacement. Another way in which African culture fits into the
elements of a diaspora was through education. For education allowed individuals to pursue a
higher education to allowed them to learn historical facts and ideas Africa itself. Thus
demonstrating creating collective memories about their homeland. The book New Africa Diaspora
suggest, "When Fourah Bay College in Sierra Leone and Liberia College in Liberal opened in 1827
and 1862, respectively, they served as Pan–Africanist institutions that attracted students and faculty
from across West African especially, many of whom were themselves of

Ancient Africa Research Paper
Africa is the world's oldest inhabited continent, filled with the richest recourses and perhaps the
richest history. However, in order to truly understand Africa's amazing culture and society, we must
first start at the very beginning. We must first look at how Africa came about, why it looks the way
it does and why it's location makes it such a unique place.
Before the continent of Africa existed, the earth was comprised of just one single supercontinent
called Pangaea. To understand how Pangaea was formed we first look at how the earth was
formed. Billions of years ago our solar system was made up of nothing more than dust particles.
The explosion of a nearby star caused these dust particles to form a solar nebula (a huge spinning
disk).

The Scramble for Africa Essay
The scramble for Africa represents the most thorough and systematic process of colonialism in world
history. The European colonial powers managed to conquer and control almost the entire continent
of Africa in a short, twenty–five year period from about 1875 to 1900. Some of the European states
involved were already well–established global powers; the others were up and coming nations that
desired to emulate and compete with the dominant imperial states. Various factors allowed for and
contributed to the conquering of the whole of Africa by European states. The slow, but ever–growing
European presence on the perimeter and the completion for dominance between the major European
states acted as the platform for the inevitable quest for...show more content...
The British colonies succeeded in winning independence as a sovereign nation and the French
Bourgeoisie overthrew the monarchy, serving as the universal model for revolution. The imperial
powers of Europe were seeing their sources of raw goods disappearing as periodicals containing
French ideals of liberty, fraternity and property reached the corners of the colonized world.
Naturally, the European colonial powers needed to actively seek new untapped territories.
Only a small portion of the African coast had been colonized by the late 1870s, French Algeria and
Senegal, Portuguese Angola and Mozambique, and British and Dutch South Africa were the only
significant settlement holdings. The interior had yet to be conquered, however some information
had been gathered by a handful of explorers. Dr. Livingstone had explored the interior in the
interest of missionary work. Henry Stanley had collected geographical information on his
journalistic quest to find the at large Dr. Livingston. Burton and Speke were like the Lewis and
Clark of Africa on their quest to find the source of the Nile. With the colonial resistance all over the
world, acquisition of new territory and the desire for new territory would beget one another as
components of a compulsive cycle.
The actual scramble began with King Leopold II and his desire to

Essay on West African Culture
Brief History
From the 1500s to the 1700s, African blacks, mainly from the area of West Africa (today's Senegal,
Guinea, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Dahomey, Togo, Nigeria, Cameroon,
and Gabon) were shipped as slaves to North America, Brazil, and the West Indies. For them, local
and tribal differences, and even varying cultural backgrounds, soon melded into one common
concern for the suffering they all endured. Music, songs, and dances as well as remembered
traditional food, helped not only to uplift them but also quite unintentionally added immeasurably to
the culture around them. In the approximately 300 years that blacks have made their homes in North
America, the West Indies, and Brazil, their highly honed art...show more content...
"Soul food" incorporates an economical and satisfying cuisine based on cereals, vegetables (greens
and yams), pork and pork offal as well as chicken.
Meals and Customs
The majority of rural Africans customarily eat one main meal a day and this is usually the evening
meal. Upon arising, coffee, tea or milk or curds may form a small light meal while some people
may be content to nibble on seeds. Throughout the day snacks of fruits, seeds, or nuts may be
accompanied with beverages. In some areas a midday meal of fufu/ugali and relishes may be
traditionally larger than the evening meal, which in this case would then be a cereal dish alone of
gruel or fufu.
Infants are usually breast–fed on demand up to the age of two. Attempts to introduce bottle feedings
have often met with sad results: sterilization of bottles and formula were poorly understood,
formulas were diluted to last longer, and with the abandonment of breast–feeding, intercourse was
resumed earlier than usual with a resultant increase in children who could be ill afforded. Bota is a
thin gruel for babies, fed by pouring into the mother's hand and gently easing into the infant's mouth.
Some foods and medicinal herbs if deemed necessary are pre–chewed by the mother then given to
the infant.
Very young children are taught early that meat is a delicacy,

africa Essay example
African Cultures
Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they
are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages.
African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as
Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative
pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interesting culture. Reasons being the people are
very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to
Africa.
There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or
...show more content...
It is the national language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya (African Languages). It is
also the official in German East Africa (Reader 265). Approximately 50 million people speak this
language (African Languages).
Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South
African artists are active in many areas of art including sculpture, pottery, mask making, and many
more (African Arts Information).
Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings, sculptures tell a tale and immortalize cultures
and beliefs. Different artists have different styles (African Arts Information). Materials and styles
differ from village to village. Most sculptors use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze, ivory,
or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most sculpture figures are believed to contain ancestor's
spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events (Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and
believed to have magical powers (African Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and decorate
articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).
Masks were created to be placed over the face, on the top of the head, or even over the head. Most
masks represent spirits of ancestors (Fetzer 106). Some villages make masks with full costumes and
use them with music to dance in ritual performances. They used masks for social control,

South Africa Essay
South Africa is a nation with a wonderful and varied culture. This country has been called "The
Rainbow Nation", a name that reflects the diversity of such amazing place. The different ethnic and
cultural groups of the South Africa do, however, appreciate their own beliefs and customs. Many of
these traditions, besides African culture, are influenced by European and Western heritage. The
complex and diverse population of the country has made a strong impact to the various cultures.
There are forty–five million people; about thirty million are black, five million white, three million
coloured and one million Indians. The black population has a large number of rural people living in
poverty. It is among these inhabitants that cultural...show more content...
Many black musicians who sang in Afrikaans and English during the apartheid period began to
sing in traditional African dialects developing a singular style called Kwaito. This is a music
genre that became the favorite way of representing social and economic issues. I believe that in
certain way, Kwaito is a political power that shows activism in its apolitical actions. In the other
hand white and coloured South African singers were strongly influenced by European music.
African Indigenous Churches were the largest of the Christian groups during the apartheid period.
It is argued that many of the people who claimed no relation with any religion were part of
indigenous religions. This is a religion that combines Christian and indigenous influences. Many
South African Muslims are described as Coloureds, especially those whose ancestors were slaves.
Others are described as Indians including those whose ancestors came as traders from South Asia.
Religion plays such an important fact in South Africa giving an special taste to the culture.
The culture during the apartheid time is still powerful in much of South Africa countryside. For
example, across the many ethnic groups, marriage traditions are different, but all the beliefs are
based in a masculine deity, ancestral spirits and supernatural forces. Usually, plural marriages are
permitted and a lobolo (dowry) is usually paid. Cattles play an important part in many of

Essay on South Africa
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is located on the southern tip of the continent of Africa. It is slightly
less than twice the size of Texas, about 1,223,201 square kilometers. Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe,
Mozambique and Swaziland run from west to east along South Africa's northern border. The country
of Lesotho lies entirely within the borders of South Africa and is completely landlocked. The South
Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean surround the southern coast. South Africa is divided into nine
provinces: the Northern Province, Kwazulu/Natal, Mpumalanga, Gauteng, the North West Province,
the Western Cape, the Northern Cape and the Eastern Cape. South Africa also has three capital
cities: Pretoria serves as the...show more content...
The government used aerial photography for the first time to count the population where
government officials couldn't access. A count of 30,986,920 citizens was reported. In 1992, the
United Stated Bureau of the Census estimated that the total population of South Africa at 40.6
million people. In 1994, the South African government estimated it at 40.4 million after all ten
homelands were included. That same year the United Stated Bureau of the Census estimated the total
population at 43.9 million. In 1996 the population was estimated at 37,859,000, which is about 10
percent below the projections from earlier censuses. The South African Institute of Race Relations
had also estimated that the population was 75.2 percent black, 13.6 percent white, 8.6 percent
colored and 2.6 percent Asian (Library of Congress, 48).
According to the Development Bank of South Africa, population growth declined from about 2.9
percent per year in the 1980's to 2.4 percent in 1995. Today the population growth rate is estimated
at 1.32 percent. Population growth was about 2.6 percent for blacks, 2.2 percent for coloreds, 1.9
percent for Asians and 1.0 percent for whites. The government estimates that by the year 2025 the
population will have doubled.
Life expectancy at birth was 62.7 years for males and 68.3 years for females in 1996. They both
have lowered in 1999 to 52.68 years for males and 56.9 years for females. Life expectancy also
varies by race. Life

Consequences Of Imperialism In Africa
The Industrial Revolution made many new inventions that had many sources of energy and
materials needed to make them. For the nations with this technology, Imperialism was a way for
them to further Industrialize and generate economy. Imperialism is the act of one country
expanding its power to other territory in order to colonize and gain resources, economy,
knowledge, and control. European countries with strong militaries used Imperialism in order to
achieve these goals but caused consequences in the long term. Africa, China, And India were
imperialized by European countries due to the cheap labor, raw resources, research opportunities,
and consumers available but this was greeted with many rebellions, many deaths, unfair treaties,
and spreading of technology and knowledge from one country to the next. European powers
wanted to colonize in Africa due to cheap labor and raw resources available which led to many
enslaved people brutally dieing and territory being dispersed between other countries.The
resources found in Africa were diamonds, jewels, and copper which were being mined out by the
native enslaved people. Ivory and hides of animals were popular for colonists to have. Normal
citizens of tribes were dieing due to forced labor and native animals were dying due to hunting.
Colonists didn't even see imperialism as a bad thing to the native people of Africa, seen in the poem
"A White Man's Burden." Scientists saw Africa as an opportunity to expand knowledge in the

Scientists, economists, and policy makers all agree the world is facing threat from climate
warming. Climate warming is caused by excess greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide which
are heat trapping gasses. Human use of fossil fuels is a significant source of these gasses. When
we drive our cars, heat our homes with oil or natural gas, or use electricity from coal fired power
plants, we contribute to global warming. Including any loss of trees or forests also contributes,
considering trees convert carbon dioxide to oxygen. Global warming will have a worldwide effect
but the problem is expected to be most severe in Africa, where the people are poor, temperatures are
high, precipitation is low, technological change is slow, and where...show more content...
The changes occurring in the habitat of Africa will affect animals, plants, birds, marine life, and
humans. There will be many efforts to adapt but only the hardy will survive. Africa has about one
fifth of all known species of plants, mammals and birds. We can begin to predict the impact of
climate changes on these species by looking at things that have happened in the past. For example,
climate change is known to have caused massive bleaching of the coral reefs in the Indian Ocean,
killing 50% in some areas. Climate change can also affect animals on land by changing their
range and perhaps exposing them to new predators. Such as the number of animals who migrate
seasonally. These changes in seasons and rainfall may change migration patterns, which may also
put stress on the land with increasing use by many species. Plant life may also be affected as
climate changes are causing plants to either die out or attempt to migrate to a new area. There are
several thousand species of plants that could be involved (Desanker, 2003). It also has an effect on
the human population. Migrations of people to areas of increased resources can lead to changes in
the social structure, and conflict among groups. Third, African farmers have adapted to a certain
amount of climate variability, but climate change may well force large regions of marginal
agriculture out of production. Even

Colonialism in Africa Essay example
COLONIALISM IN AFRICA
How does the legacy of colonialism affect contemporary African international relations?
If questioned today about Africa in general the first reactions I would have are poor governance,
poverty, conflict, economic instability and hunger. These are the major characteristics that dominate
most of the states within the continent as a whole. The question would be has it always been this
way? Different debates and differences have been focused on the colonial legacy for post–colonial
Africa and the nature of colonialism. Various characterizations and conceptions tend to differ
considerably among the international relations and African scholars.
Between 1800 and 1900, majority of the European powers colonized...show more content...
Section one will focus on the colonial conquest in Africa. Section two will look at the operation of
colonial legacy with emphasis on the political and economic practice. Lastly, the third section will
look at the impacts of the colonial legacy on the African continent.
COLONIAL CONQUEST IN AFRICA
The term colonialism developed a more precise meaning during the late nineteenth century. This in
Europe was a period of industrialization. There was a hunt for fresh market, raw materials and also
new field for investment by the European factories in Africa. Politics and economic inspiration as a
result took a huge role in the colonization of Africa. After the Second World War, most of the
developed European and American countries turned to tropical African states in order to acquire
industrial raw materials to rebuild their economies. The West defended in their capture of alien
terrains for the purpose of exploiting the natural resources for instance gold: a situation that left the
exploited colonies with negative impacts[2]. Majority of the lives of the African people and their
societies were affected causing transformations and interruptions as a result of the policies
implicated by these colonial masters during.
Nationalism in the Western states during this period was identified with pride in one's nation
bringing about stiff competition within the European nations. In addition it brought about the
formation of nation–states within the European

Visit To South Africa Essay
Visit Africa: Discover Southeast
There is something magical in cities like Paris, New York or Rome, and there's a reason why many
of us dream to visit them at least once in our lifetime. Charm, history and culture of these attractive
destinations are inviting us to travel there and to explore them. On the other hand, be sure that in
these destinations you are going to meet a large number of tourists, full hotel capacities and
overwhelming crowds in the city. So, maybe it is the right time to choose something different,
maybe it is time to discover Southeast Africa.
South African Republic
When we think about region of South Africa, this is the first destination that comes to our mind.
South Africa is visually breathtaking. It is a land of vast plains, mountains, golden beaches and
barren deserts. Cities of South Africa are as diverse as its landscape is. Johannesburg is bustling
heart of the country; a cosmopolitan Cape Town is an enclave of European chic at the Atlantic coast.
...show more content...
African elephants, white and black rhinos, giraffes, hippos, different kinds of antelope, leopards are
just some of many animal species that you will find there.
Mozambique
Although neighboring South Africa has a much more developed tourism, Mozambique is home to
beautiful long beaches, beautiful culture, and safaris. In coastal areas, the water is turquoise with
the rich underwater world, so it is a great place for divers and nature lovers.
In Tofo Beach you can find amazing beaches and many opportunities for diving. Vilanculos is
another great option and one of the best places that you can visit if you want to enjoy the numerous
water sports. From here you can access the beautiful Bazaruto archipelago paradise that has remained
intact and has retained its original appearance.
Once you get tired of the beach, you can visit Gorongosa National Park to enjoy the true African

The Main Reasons For The Colonization Of Africa
Colonization was something that affected many people, in a number of different ways. There
was a lot of different reasons why other countries decided to colonize other land, but most of them
had to do with making more money. Colonies varied in success from one colony to another, but
most faced a number of problems, such as rebellion, or disease. There were many reasons why
countries were colonized, but by far one of the biggest reasons was the Industrial Revolution. The
Industrial Revolution was a time of a change, markets were changing, and so were the needs of
the people. There was know a much larger demand for natural resources, a demand that couldn't
be satisfied in most countries. So, other land was needed because of it's abundance in natural
resources, like Africa and it's supply of rubber, once it was collected, it was sent back to Europe.
Africa was one of the main targets, in this race for land, and by the early twentieth century, most of
Africa had been colonized by Europe. "Britain, France, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Portugal, and
Spain were competing for power within European power politics". Thus, acquiring land, was one
way for them to show off how much power they really had. But all this colonization without
problems, since the industrialization was such a large part of this change, social problems such as
unemployment, poverty, homelessness, etc. grew bigger because there wasn't a place for these
people in the new industrializing world. One way some

African Cultures Essay
African Cultures
Africa has more than 800 languages native to its continent. African cultures are so diverse that they
are different from any other culture of the world. African cultures contain many different languages.
African languages range from common French to languages unheard of to most people such as
Swahili. African arts are much different than American arts. Their art involves much more creative
pottery, masks, and paintings. Africa has a very interesting culture. Reasons being the people are
very creative and like to express their individuality. The most diverse cultures in the world belong to
Africa.
There are more than 800 languages spoken in the continent of Africa. Most Africans speak two or
three languages, their...show more content...
The most common languages in South Africa are Xhosa, Tswana, Zulu, and Swahili (African
Languages).
Zulu is one of nine Bantu languages spoken in East Southern Africa. Approximately 8.8 million
people speak this language (African Languages).
Swahili is spoken as a mother language vast along the coast of East Africa. It is the national
language of Tanzania and the official language of Kenya (African Languages). It is also the official
in German East Africa (Reader 265). Approximately 50 million people speak this language (African
Languages).
Art is very important to the Africans. In fact it is part of their everyday life (Fetzer 106). South
African artists are active in many areas of art including sculpture, pottery, mask making, and
many more (African Arts Information). Like African paintings, poetry, and woodcarvings,
sculptures tell a tale and immortalize cultures and beliefs. Different artists have different styles
(African Arts Information). Materials and styles differ from village to village. Most sculptors
use green wood, copper, tin, zinc alloys, bronze, ivory, or terra cotta, a kind of earth ware. Most
sculpture figures are believed to contain ancestor's spirits. Others represent sacred ideas or events
(Fetzer 106). Some objects are said to be magical and believed to have magical powers (African
Arts). Africans carve figures, make masks, and decorate articles for ceremonies (Fetzer 106).

Essay on Africa
Africa's Resistance to the Portuguese
The African history has been affected tremendously due to the influence of some European countries.
Portugal, who probably had the greatest impact on the continent, was not shy in invading what they
thought to be profitable circumstances. One of these areas that they profited from was the kingdom
of Kongo. Kongo was a major Bantu–speaking kingdom astride the Congo River in west–central
Africa, probably founded in the 14th century. It was governed by a king, the manikongo, whose
economic power was based upon trade in ivory, hides, slaves, and a shell currency of western Africa.
Within a few years after the Portuguese first encountered the kingdom in 1484, the sixth manikongo,
Nzinga Mbemba, later...show more content...
By 1570 the power of the Kongo kingdom had begun to decline, and severe internal tensions had
developed. Alfonso I knowing what was going on wrote a series of papers to King Joao III of
Portugal. In these papers, Alfonso I pleaded with the king to take away all the corrupt Portuguese
from his kingdom. With false assurance from the king of Portugal, he asked to have sent those
people of religious and medical backgrounds to help modernize his kingdom. With the corruptness
still noticeable in the Kongo, Alfonso I was forced to pass a law stating that "...any white man
living in our Kingdoms and wanting to purchase goods in any way should first inform three of our
noblemen and officials of our court whom we rely upon in this matter..." (57). These futile attempts
of writing letters to the king were not making any significance. The king of Portugal was money
hungry along with the majority of all his servants who worked for him down in Africa.
Some of the areas of Africa knew that letters to the king would not work alone. They were forced to
use action against the Portuguese. People known as Zimba did the military launches. Most of the
attacks were economically motivated. They were being used for the trade circuit. Zimba attacks
were successful against the Portuguese but they did not succeed in reestablishing the traditional
market for their ivory.

Essay on Africa
Europe tried to take many countries, Africa being one of them. The European countries had an
effect on Africa today throughout all the primes. Europe had an effect on the African way of life,
that in some ways were good, and in some ways bad.
Imperialism is defined as the extension or rule or influence by one government, nation, or society
over the political, economic, or cultural life of another. European nations decided they wanted land
in the mostly unexplored continent, and they took it, without the consent of the African people.
Europe brought Christian ideas into Africa. Religion was changed from what it would have been to
Christianity today. If you look at most of the countries in Africa such as Angola, Congo, Ghana or
Zimbabwe...show more content...
European Imperialist Policies made Africa lose history of their culture and brought racism to Africa.
Europeans wanted to change Africans to be more like them, changing their religion, changing their
life style and making them slaves. Slavery led to the loss of culture because after a while Africans
began to think of themselves as lower class; since that's what they were treated like. The Westernized
minority, influenced by European culture and Christianity, first rejected African traditional culture.
Slavery lead to people hating Africa, Africans and the African culture. Which leads to the Africa
culture and traditions being diminished. Why would anyone want to practice a certain religion or
traditions if they were labeled as wrong, or unethical.
Traditionally, the majority of Africans have been farmers and herders who raised crops and
livestock. When Europeans started colonizing they demanded agricultural and mineral products.
Safer technology and ways of farming were learned and brought to Africa. European technology and
crops were introduced and a modern exchange economy started. The technology was starting to
grow, there were new machines and easier ways to do things Africans never thought of.
Africa today has changed a lot from European countries and the imperialist policies. The Europeans
tore into the African continent and succeeded in destroying the Africanway of life. Thousands of
people were

Africa Research Paper
Africa is a place thriving with adventure. Across the land no matter where you go there will be a
new sight to see and a new thing to experience. These wonderful opportunities are available due to
the variety of intricate aspects that make up Africa. Africa's diversity can be seen by its help in
mankind's early life, physical regions, wildlife, and the inhabitants.
To begin with, Africa is the cradle of humanity. Unlike the other seven continents, it is theorized
that Africa was the core of Pangea. During this time, it is theorized that life originated in Africa.
This theory has been backed up with evidence coming from Dart's Taung Child. This fossil
discovered in South Africa, was found to be a human ancestor. It appeared to be a young child...show
more content...
Africa's 11.7 million square miles give home to eight major physical regions. These regions range
from the world's largest desert, to the grassland Savannas, and to the densely populated rainforest
(National Geographic). In addition to the numerous climates in each region, Africa is also home to
volcanoes, great lakes, and the world's tallest mountain, Mt. Kilimanjaro.
Each major region supports a unique set of ecosystems. The deserts alone are filled with more
than 300 species of wildlife, including the African wild dog, ostrich and cheetahs (African
Wildlife Foundation). One of Africa's hubs for life lie in the rivers. Hippos, crocodiles, and a
plethora of fish species all reside in the rivers of Africa. Lions, elephants and gazelles roam the
grasslands of the Savannas. On the other hand, giraffes, leopards, and buffalos wander the
low–density forest, woodlands (African Wildlife Foundation).
Alongside these animals, humans have diversified themselves throughout Africa. Africa is home to
over 1 billion people. Among this large amount of people over 2000 different languages are spoken
(Aderibigde). Africa is home to hundreds of indigionus groups, each with distinct langauges and
cultures. Groups like the Maasai, Tuareg and Bambuti blend traditional customs and beliefs with
modern practices (National

The World Of The Continent Of Africa
There are millions of people who are known worldwide for several of reasons. Each and every day
I hear about different people from the different countries who have played a part in American
history and also who have made a difference in the world. This semester I took on a different
course. Not only because I had too but because I wanted to learn more about my African culture. The
continent of Africa is viewed by many was a poor and out of control country. I have learned so
much in this class about Africa as a whole that I love being able to talk to others about what I have
learned and talk about Africa I different way as other may think of it. I chose to do research on one
of known and historic person, Kwame Nkrumah. Also known as...show more content...
Dr Nkrumah continued his schooling in England, where he helped to organize the Fifth Pan–African
Congress in 1945. In 1947 Nkrumah founded the West African National Secretary to the United
States Gold Coast Convention. In 1947 the United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) was established
(Stanislaw, 1998). Nkrumah returned to the Gold Coast from London to become its secretary
(Biography of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, 2009). After a few years, Nkrumah broke from the
organization, and formed the Convention People's Party (Biography of Dr Kwame Nkrumah, 2009).
The CPP had a slogan that made a statement, "Self–Government Now." Many people from the Gold
Coast society supported the movement and slogan. They wanted to see the end of British rule, which
included all small traders, army veterans, and other nationalists (Stanislaw, 1998).
The protest by Nkrumah's after a time of struggle became successful. In 1950 Britain government
jailed him for political agitation. After being jailed Britain government allowed a new national
constitution to be drafted, with elections to be held in early February of 1951 (Biography of Dr
Kwame Nkrumah, 2009). While still under arrest and in prison, Nkrumah became the continent's
first African–born prime minister. After winning the 1951 election, Nkrumah's CPP went on to win
subsequent

Essay on African Civilization
Chapter 1
Physical Context of African History:
Geography and Environment
1.Although some may think of Africa as being of a single climate and terrain description, in reality
a wide variety of land types can be found throughout Africa. How does this wide variety of climates
and physical terrains affect human life and settlement patterns on the African continent? Different
terrains and climates allowed for different lifestyles for Africans in different regions. Those close to
the sea were susceptible to invasion, but had the advantage of maritime trade. Those living more in
land were isolated but protected by the diseases visitors would contract that did not affect the locals.
Due to the fact that Africa is so massive, it has many...show more content...
Page Ref: 12
8.Despite very similar climates, the histories of Africa and Australia and its surrounding islands
have been very different. Consider the theory presented in the text to explain this reality, and assess
how it can be applied to North America. This can be applied to North America, due to the fact that
as climates and terrains change and diseases take a toll on population, one must adapt with the
environment in which we live in.
Page Ref: 12–13
Topic: The African Environment in Global Perspective
9.Consider how Africa's geography has changed over time. What positive and negative effects would
these changes have had on human populations on the continent? As their new homes changed they
were able to adapt due to their innovative mindset. This can be attributed to the new found
organization thanks to language. Allowing Africans to grow and expand throughout the entire
continent. Other factors that can be attributed are the change in geography for some parts such as
the Sahara drying out and swamps and lakes disappeared.
Page Ref: 4–8
Topic: Physical Features of the Continent
10.Compare African geography to North American geography. Despite any similarities, significant
differences exist in agricultural patterns and population density. What are the reasons for these
differences, and how do they reflect the uniqueness of Africa? Africa is an extremely big continent
and because of

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