Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome

Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome
Abstract: Tourette syndrome is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by both motor and phonic
tics over a period of at least one year with the onset in childhood or adolescence. Apart from the tics,
most of the patients with Tourette syndrome have associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities
consisting of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, rage attacks,
sleep issues, depression, and migraine. Patients may also have physical complications directly from
violent motor tics which can rarely include cervical myelopathy, arterial dissection and stroke. The
purpose of this article is to review the associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities of Tourette
syndrome with emphasis on recent research. Key Words: Tourette syndrome (TS); Neuropsychiatric
comorbidities; Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD); Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
(OCD); Neurologic complication; Migraine. Introduction: Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a
neuropsychiatric condition characterized by both motor and phonic tics with the onset in childhood
or adolescence. First described by French physician Georges Gilles de la Tourette in 1885, it is
considered to be as one of the most common childhood movement disorders. As per the Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition's (DSM–V), TS is diagnosed clinically by
the presence of multiple motor and one or more phonic tics, lasting at least one year with the onset
prior to age 18 (1). TS is
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Research Paper On Tourette's Syndrome
Tourette syndrome Overview– The Tourette syndrome (TS), also called Tourette's disorder (TD) is a
chronic neurobehavioral syndrome mainly caused by abnormal metabolism of dopamine. It is a
disorder that begins in childhood. The main symptom is to have tics repeated. Tics can be of various
types, for example, open and close ripetamente eyelids, throat clearing, repeated movements of the
head, etc., tics are very common in children. However, children with Tourette's syndrome have
many tics types of sudden movements and noises that persist for more than a year. Causes– The
exact cause of Tourette's syndrome is unknown. However, they have made several assumptions
about the origin of the disease: Genetics– It is assumed that abnormalities in genes are responsible
for most cases of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The diagnosis is made after a careful conversation with you and your adolescent, as well as a
physical examination to rule out other disorders. This is usually done by a specialist neurologist.
Some tests may be done to make sure there are no other conditions that could explain tics.
Treatment– Treatment of Tourette syndrome include– Psychological therapies – psychological
treatments can help alleviate the symptoms and problems of Tourette's syndrome. These include
cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT). This type of treatment is designed to help the child to
recognize and control their tics. Training and support – There is some evidence indicating that if
parents and children with Tourette syndrome receive information about their condition, you can get
better results from care. It is recommended to stay in touch with your support group listed below, as
you may get more information about your condition. Drugs– In the most severe forms of Tourette
syndrome, medications can sometimes help reduce the onset of tics. The drugs that are used are part
of the group known as antipsychotics: haloperidol, risperidone, pimozide, and sulpiride

Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is a guidebook used by health care
specialists in the United States to diagnose mental disorders. DSM incorporates numerous disorders
and their description, symptoms, and other criteria for diagnosing mental disorders. The DSM was
recently revised to better characterize symptoms and behaviors of groups of people who are
currently seeking clinical help but whose symptoms are not well defined by DSM–IV. For example,
the first category of disorders it mentions are Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Neurodevelopmental
Disorders are the deterioration of the growth and development of the brain and central nervous
system. It is a group of conditions with an outbreak in the developmental system. These disorders
usually begin early in development about when a child starts grade school and are recognized when
the child lacks personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. The spectrum of
developmental deficits differ from very distinguishing limitations of acquiring information or
restraining of manageable activities to overall impairments of social skill and intellect. All disorders
are distinctive in their own way. For some Neurodevelopmental Disorders, they have an excess of
symptoms while having deficits in others. For example, for those who are diagnosed with Autism
Spectrum disorder, usually have deficits in social interaction/communication and their restricted and
repetitive practice while having an excess of

Mini Case Study Examples
Mini Cases in Movement Disorders
Mona Dalzon
Case 1 Kenny
Kenny is a teenager who has experienced uncontrollable bodily and facial movements, various
uncontrolled vocalizations, and other compulsions such as excessive hand washing and wringing.
He has been treated with Clonidine, Haldol, pimozide and buspirone. This patient was diagnosed
with Tourette's Syndrome. Clonidine is a vasodilator that allows for blood to flow more easily to the
brain. This lowers blood pressure and helps treat the tics the patient experiences(1). Haldol and
Pimozide are antipsychotics that blocks dopamine receptors in the brain. This would help treat the
compulsive behaviors (2). Buspirone is used to treat anxiety disorders. It binds to serotonin
receptors in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Riluzole is believed to work to reduce the damage to motor neurons through a decrease in the
release of gultamate. As well, physical and speech therapy were recommended.
Case 3–––– Alice
Alice is an 18 year old female with a long history of drug use with a recent focus on inhaling paint
fumes containing toluene. When tested, she was unable to complete sobriety tests. She walks with a
broad ataxic gait, her eye movements show abnormalities, her hands tremble when she

Tic Disorders: Tourette Syndrome
The disorder known as Tourette Syndrome, dates back to the late 1800's when a French neurologist
named George Gilles de la Tourette, described a disorder which involved a twitching and jerking of
the body. Since this time, much information has been learned about this disorder. We now know that
approximately 1 percentage of children are affected by this disorder, and it is often long–lasting or a
lifelong condition. Information about the areas of symptoms, theories, and treatment have greatly
advanced. The most prominent symptom that the Tourette syndrome is characterized by are tics,
which is why it falls under the category of tic disorders. A tic is an involuntary movement that is
rapid and recurring. Movement tics as well as vocal tics ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are a few different options for treatment depending on the severity of the condition. For some
cognitive behavioral therapy is an option. With this type of approach, the goal is for patients to keep
track of their recurring tics and voluntarily respond to these tics with behaviors that are
incompatible. However for more severe cases, in which the patient is injuring themselves with their
tics, such as scratching, they may be put on SSRI's or other antipsychotic agents. The
pharmacological approach may be used also if the tics interfere with daily living. Some of these
medication have rather high rates of success. "Haloperidol and pimozide, the 2 most studied
neuroleptics, have been approved for the treatment of tics in TS by the US Food and Drug
Administration (FDA). Well–controlled clinical trials indicate that haloperidol has a response rate
approaching 80% for tic suppression.", as found on medscape.com. I personally choose the topic of
Tourette Syndrome for my research paper because i was recently introduced to a young boy with
this disorder. My mom works as a site supervisor at a preschool which is where I met him. I have
never met someone with this disorder and it made me curious and wanting to learn more. Because I
did not have hardly any knowledge on this subject I learned an immense amount of information on
this topic; everything from basic symptoms as well as watching lots of videos of real people with
this

Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome Analysis
Main Post Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome I chose this disease because I really don't know very
much about it and would like to learn more. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is defined as
echolalia (imitating others), multiple tics (motor and vocal), as well as coprolalia (spontaneous
swearing). Neuropsychological disorders associated with GTS are depression, obsessive compulsive
behaviors, obsessive compulsive disorder, and attention–deficit hyperactivity disorder. Onset of
GTS is usually aged 5 to 18. In GTS, CT's and MRI's show reduced volume in the basal ganglia
with smaller volumes in the caudate nucleus. There is also a correlation between adults and children
with smaller volumes in the lenticular nucleus who have obsessive compulsive ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The diagnosis of HD is relatively simple due to the distinct presentations. There are four ways that
each identifies this disease; family history (gene mutation specific is responsible). Second, it is
characterized neurologically because it is well studied with the disease being principally in the basal
ganglia where particular neuronal populations die, particularly in caudate nucleus but most
conspicuously in the putamen. Thirdly, dementia is selective, more so than Alzheimer's and since
HD normally shows symptoms in an individual's 30's and 40's it differs from normal aging brain
changes. HD is clinically categorized into movement disorder, dementia syndrome, and emotional
issues such as apathy, depression and irritability (Grant and Adams,

The Causes Of Tim Howard's Tourette Syndrome
Tim Howard Tourette Syndrome Tim Howard, an amazing soccer player, also has Tourette
syndrome. Tourette's is a disease where people have tics and cannot concentrate on objects or things
for a long time. Howard says, "Sports were my sanctuary. Being outside, playing soccer or
basketball, I wasn't focused on my tics, just on the opponent. I couldn't even tell you if I dealing
with tics. Sports were my escape" (Zuckerman 11). The main symptoms of Tourette syndrome are
tics, involuntary muscle movements (Bjorklund 12). Although unpredictable, tics are more likely to
happen when people are sick or anxious (20). The two types of tics, physical and vocal, can range
from mild to severe (12). Mild vocal tics include: spitting, sneezing, throat clearing, coughing,
sniffing, and grunting. There are mild physical tics also such as sticking out the tongue (21),
shoulder shrugging, eye blinking, and head twitching (20). Tourette syndrome is most often
inherited genetically. Tourette's is a result of a genetic mutation in the brain's basal ganglia or from a
gene mutation in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Scientists also believe this disease can be a result
of environmental factors (12). People can get Tourette syndrome from a brain injury or bacterial
infections (38).
Tourette syndrome is hard to diagnose because there is no test to positively diagnose the disease(14).
Tourette syndrome can be a comorbid condition which means that it can be combined with another
disease or condition. ADHD is one that can be associated with Tourette syndrome. Doctors diagnose
ADHD or other comorbid condition before Tourette syndrome for reasons like it easier to diagnose
and it more common to see ADHD than Tourette. OCD, ODD, and Asperger syndrome are comorbid
conditions that are often associated with Tourette syndrome (24).
Therefore, kids in school with the disease have trouble focusing and need help in school in various
ways. In school people with Tourette syndrome can get accommodations through a 504 plan or an
Individualized Education Plan (Bjorklund 23). Students may need personal education aid to monitor
behavior. Accommodations a student with Tourette syndrome may receive include exemptions from
certain assignments,

Tourette Syndrome Essays
Tourette Syndrome
Tourette syndrome is an inherited severe neurological disorder usually occurring before the age of
eighteen and is associated with a degree of facial and body tics sometimes accompanied by random
declarations of phrases or obscenities (2,3). The facial and body tics associated with the disorder can
be painful and even embarrassing. Involuntary body movements such as jaw snapping, gyrating,
hopping, and obscene gesturing are to name a few (1). Tourette Syndrome was named after a French
neuropsychiatrist named Gilles de la Tourette who successfully assessed the disorder in the late
1800's(3). Tourette Syndrome claims no specific race or ethnicity. The disorder generally can affect
any ethnic group yet it does ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Associated with the motor tics experienced by the patient are sometimes more self–destructive
behavior such as head banging, eye poking, and lip biting (1). There have also been cases of various
learning disabilities connected with Tourette Syndrome such as dyslexia (4).
Vocal tic behavior in patients diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome include outbursts of meaningless
words or phrases. The vocal tics disrupt the regular flow of speech and cause the patient to stammer
or stutter (1). Inappropriate outbursts called coprolalia are considered involuntary. Coprolalia may
also take place in this display of vocal tic disorder. However, coprolalia only takes place in a small
number of Tourette Syndrome sufferer's (1).
Each individual suffering from Tourette Syndrome should be evaluated as such. Certain
manifestations of Tourette Syndrome may disable one in certain parts of their life such as in their
school performance, while it may affect another's personality or psyche (3). It may affect a totally
different behavioral dimension in one's life than that of another diagnosed with Tourette Syndrome.
Although research on Tourette Syndrome is ongoing, it is believed that the disorder is

Tourette Syndrome Research Paper
Tourette Syndrome has a lot of history behind it. Jean Martin Charcot, a french neurologist who
worked at Salpetriere hospital in Paris, France, studied and taught about neurological illnesses and
attended to patients with these diseases. He trained and mentored Sigmund Freud, Georges Albert
Edouard Brutus, and Gilles de la Tourette.In Archives de Neurologie, a article published in January
1885, 9 individuals with a condition including child onset, heritability, waxing and waning,
stereotyped movement, premonitory sensation, echolalia and coprolalia. Dr. Charcot named the
disorder Tourette Syndrome in honor of his student Gilles de la Tourette.
Medication and therapy is available for individuals with Tourette Syndrome. Tourette Syndrome is
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simple tics such as eye blinking, head jerking, shoulder shrugging, eye darting, nose twitching,
mouth movements, grunting, coughing, throat clearing, and barking
Complex tics such as touching or smelling objects, repeating observed movements, stepping in a
certain pattern, obscene gestures, bending or twisting, hopping, repeating one's own words or
phrases or others, using vulgar, obscene, or swear words. These tics makes it hard for the individual
who has Tourette Syndrome to make friends. Parents may try to build the best possible life for their
child, or feeling guilty for giving their children that gene. Also, siblings may resent their siblings
because they get more attention
There is many different medications and therapy opportunities for people with tourette syndrome
There is no cure, it is very difficult to prevent but preventing Lyme disease or strep may reduce the
risk. Medications not only help with the tics but most are for everyday activities. 80% of people
with Tourette Syndrome will have other disorders. Medications available is Fluphenazine,
Haloperidol, and Pimozide, Botulinum (Botox) injections, ADHD medication,Central adrenergic
inhibitors, Antidepressant, Anti Seizure medication. Therapy could include, behavioral therapy to
monitor tics, urges, and learn to move involuntarily in a way that's incompatible with a tic
Psychotherapy to help with coping, ADHD, and obsessions,

Essay on Ticcing Away: Tourette Syndrome
"Tourette Kids"
Sometimes we are happy
Sometimes we are sad
Sometimes we get teased
Sometimes we get mad
Although we seem different
When tics appear each day
Remember this disease chose us
And no the other way
So if we jerk, or yell, or swear
Please try not to forget
It isn't us doing it
But a disease called Tourette
––––Jason Valencia––––
Touretter
1986, 10 years old
Living with Tourette syndrome gives a deeper insight to the highly misunderstood and understated
disease, Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. The book delves into the origin of the disease, the
symptoms, the medications, and the treatments. Then the author gives thoughtful advice, a guide, so
to speak, for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
TSA is not a psychological illness or psychosis. The disease is biochemicall6y base4d and is
genetically transferred, that is, a person is born with it, and it is not contagious. (Shimberg, 1995,
p.81) TS is characterized by repetitive, sudden, and involuntary movements.
Although there is no known medical, biological, or psychological test to diagnose Tourette
Syndrome, specific guidelines were compiled in the 1980's by the American Psychiatric Association.
According to the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders, also known as DSM–IV, five symptoms must be present.
1. Both multiple motor and one or more vocal tics must have been present at some time during the
illness, although not necessarily concurrently. A tic is defined as a sudden, rapid, recurrent, non–
rhythmic, motor movement or vocalization.
2. The tics occur many times a day, usually in bouts, nearly every day or intermittently throughout a
period of more that one year. During this period, there must have never been a tic–free period of

more than three consecutive months.
3. The disturbance caused marked distress or significant impairments in social, occupational, or
other important areas of functioning.
4. The onset of the disease's symptoms occurs before the age of eighteen, and
5. The disturbance is not due to the direct

Tourette Syndrome Case Study
Ashley Batra Neurology 699
May 16, 2018
How does dysfunction in the cortico–striato–thalamic circuit contribute to the pathophysiology of
Tourette syndrome?
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder involving motor and vocal tics. Typical onset
occurs around 5–7 years and it is associated with comorbid conditions such as OCD or ADHD.
There is evidence that TS is an inherited disorder as shown in familial and twin studies, but the exact
genetic pathology or etiology is still unknown. The neurobiology of TS appears to be involved in
cortico–striatal–thalamo cortical (CSTC) circuits, which connect parts of the frontal cortex to
subcortical structures. Tics are caused by focal excitatory abnormalities in the striatum that lead to
inhibition ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There were no differences in glial cells in terms of number, density, or morphology, nor were there
differences in the volume of the GPe or GPi. For TS patients, the density of PV+ cells was greater
by 122% in the GPi while a lower density of PV+ cells were found in all other components of the
basal ganglia, most notably the caudate, with a 51% reduction (Kalanithi et al, 2005). The total
number of PV+ cells was 31% smaller in the GPe, and 129% greater in the GPi of TS patients. In
the caudate and putamen, the number of PV+ neurons were 54% and 40% fewer

Imagine not being able to control the movement of your body. That is what a person with Tourette
syndrome has to face every day. Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder that consists of
involuntary movements and sounds called tics. Tics can be anything from neck jerking to blinking.
Tourettes normally runs through families and more commonly affects children. A person with the
syndrome has a 50% chance of passing the gene to their children. Gender also plays a large role in
Tourettes, males are much more likely to have tics then females. Tourette syndrome is a condition of
incomplete penetrance, which means not everyone who inherits the genetic vulnerability will show
symptoms. Tourette's also shows variable expression which means that

Tourette's Syndrome Analysis
Hiccups are involuntary spasms that can often be stopped by either holding your breath or burping
after a few gulps of a fizzy drink. On the other hand, Tourette's Syndrome, often abbreviated as TS,
is a chronic motor or vocal tic disorder that is more common during childhood. In a sense, tics are
neurological hiccups, as they are sudden, involuntary movements or sounds that are done repeatedly
(CDC, 2016). Tics can be suppressed, but like hiccups, a person will eventually have to release it.
Constant blinking or repeated and uncontrolled grunting are examples of tics. (what it can bring in
the future, vocal vs motor) The history of neurology can be traced as far as a few thousand years in
the past. However, the 19th century can be viewed as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although it is not a cure to Tourette's syndrome, behavioural therapy can reduce the severity, the
impact, and the number of tics (CDC, 2016). Comprehensive Behavioural Intervention for Tics
(CBIT) is a new type of behavioural therapy including habit reversal, providing education, and
relaxation techniques. This non–drug treatment provides the aid and resources for patients and their
families to better cope with Tourette's syndrome. CBIT is an evidence–based type of treatment that
has three main components – make the patient more self–aware, training the patient to "compete"
with their urge to tic, and make changes to their everyday lives (Tourette Association of America,
n.d.). By focusing on the patient, CBIT aims to shift their self–consciousness to become more self–
aware. Because Tourette's is a neuropsychological disorder, a patient's confidence in oneself is a step
in the right direction, in hopes to reduce the symptoms. Unlike other treatment options, CBIT is
specifically targeted to those with a tic disorder. This treatment focuses on the tics, whereas other
methods focus on the other psychological disorders that can develop from Tourette's syndrome. The
patient is slowly taught to practice a certain behaviour that makes it more difficult to tic. By
physically training the body to counteract the tic when they feel the urge, it will become much easier
to manage without harming their

Tourette Syndrome Analysis
Tourette Syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder that involves uncontrollable, repetitive
movements and/or sounds. Tourette's is extremely common, having over 200,000 cases every year in
America alone. TS is usually found in children between ages six and eighteen and can last a life
time. Tourette's is a devastating disorder that can lead to other disorders if not treated properly.
Tourette's is usually associated with foul language, random aggression and harsh blinking. Since
Tourette's is usually found in children and teenagers, many people with TS experience bullying and
isolation. Because of this, some type of therapy is encouraged. There are several clinics and camps
for children to help them cope with the disorder.
Causes and Treatments ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Simple vocal tics are sounds that do not form words. Examples of this are throat clearing, or
grunting. Complex vocal tics include shouting, cursing, and repeating words. Over time, these tics
are known to get more and more complex. "Grunts turn into words, and words turn into phrases"
(Gallant, 2013).
Associated Disorders
Tourette Syndrome is usually paired with a number of other medical disorders. Many people
diagnosed with TS also suffer from Attention–Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Features of Tourette's include problems with attention,
behavior, sleeping and learning. Sometimes it is hard for a person with Tourette's to focus on what is
going on around them because they are more focused with their tic. Tourette's forces unwanted
attention that a person may not know how or want to deal with. Both of these features can cause
problems in school and a work environment (Gallant, 2013).
Camps and Clinics
Tourette Syndrome Association is a voluntary, nonprofit organization. It was founded for the
purpose of assisting individuals with TS. The association raises funds to encourage and support
scientific research about the disorder. The association promotes understanding of Tourette's and
publicizes the disorder in newspapers, magazines, radio and television (Dornbush,

Abstract Of Haoperidol
Abstract Haloperidol, a standard anti– psychotic drug, showcased underneath the exchange name
Haldol amongst others. It is utilized as a part of the treatment of schizophrenia diseases, also in
Tourette disorder, madness and bipolar confusion, illness and regurgitating, wooziness, unsettling,
intense psychosis. It may be utilized through mouth and as an infusion into a muscle, or
intravenously. Haloperidol many times works internal 30 minutes to an hour. The goals of this
investigation were to test the have an effect on of Haloperidol being developed of PD, in mice and
assessment of the motor work changes in mice prior and then later on cure has been finished.
Methods: The study was performed on the mice measuring 35–45g. Motor brokenness was
instigated by interperitoneal (i.p.) infusion of haloperidol (Halopid). Catalepsy was measured by
bar–test, block test, ink–test technique 5, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after solution association.
Result: The results of the bar and block tests conclusively identify that catalepsy has been induced in
the test mice. Any times recorded over 15 seconds are considered a positive result according to past
studies. As the tabulated results show after injections of Halopid results over 15 second are
consistently achieved, whereas during the control tests the average times are considerably lower. In
addition to this from the results of bar tests we have also found that at lower doses the extraction
gives

Analysis Of Tourette's Syndrome
What is Tourette's syndrome to be exact it is viewed as a neurological disease in which a person
experiences uncontrollable tics, or movements these can be both motor and verbal tics. It was first
recognized as an illness around the year of 1885 by Dr. George Gilles, the first patient was said to be
over 80 years old. Tourette's is most likely to be diagnosed in men than women the odds are 3 times
more likely in a man's favor. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of
TS. (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2014). Tourette's syndrome to be
diagnosed by a doctor most of them will not even consider the diagnosis in a patient until they have
been dealing with the tics or uncontrollable movements or

Tourette Syndrome Essay
Syndromes do not define who a person is. Tourette's is a syndrome that affects a person's
compulsion control. Dr. Sacks, the neurologist who wrote "A Surgeon's Life" has an interest in the
disorder, and befriended a surgeon with Tourette's. Tourette Syndrome is a part of a person, but Dr.
Bennet shows that it is not who the person is. Those affected by Tourette Syndrome are most
commonly categorized as having compulsions, or a lack of control over certain words and phrases.
They act as "one...driven to do this, to do that, against one's will" (1). Specifically, they are afflicted
with tics, involuntary repetition of words and actions, and involuntary cursing. The syndrome is a
biopsychosocial disorder: a mixture of a biological, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A thing that helped Dr. Bennet cope was through rhythmic movement, for instance driving a car
with no traffic or riding a stationary bike while reading and smoking a pipe. Along with his nervous
tics, Dr. Bennet suffers from a strange name compulsion where he locks onto a strange name or
word and repeats it for months. He also has violent tendencies, though it should be noted not at other
people, rather he would throw inanimate objects at fridges or kick holes in the wall. Tourette's
Syndrome did not stop Dr. Bennet from being a brilliant surgeon, however, and he is heavily praised
by those he's helped. Dr. Bennet's gifts are remarkable and have even amazed other doctors, for
instance, Dr. Sacks. Dr. Sacks, a neurologist, has had a long–standing interest in Tourette and had
met Dr. Bennet at a conference. Sacks was shocked that Bennet was a surgeon, and accepted his
invitation to visit his hometown to see how Bennet coped during his every–day life. Dr. Sacks was
alarmed by Dr. Bennet's driving habits who assured him he had never been in a car accident. Sacks
continued to observe Bennet in his work and home life and was astounded by how well Dr. Bennet
functioned. He remarked that there were many odd quirks and he continued to ask the surgeon about
his conditions, but by the end of it he was convinced Tourette did not hinder a person. At least, it did
not hinder Dr. Bennet. Dr. Bennet subdued and hid much of his Tourette originally, but as soon

"Tourette syndrome is three to four times more common in males than females" (Tourette syndrome,
1). Tourette syndrome can be found in many people of all ages. Young age is typically when
Tourette's is most detectable. The main focus of Tourette's is defining Tourette's, neurological
causes, behaviorism, and moral development theory.
Tourette syndrome is a disorder that is found in the nervous system and is most commonly found in
children. Forms of Tourette's can range from being severe to being mild, causing people to have
motor or vocal tics. "Other symptoms such as the expression of socially inappropriate comments or
behaviors, obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit disorder, self–injuring behavior,
depression, and anxiety also appear to be associated with Tourette syndrome" (Tourette syndrome,
1). Tourette's mainly affects children and teens. It occurs less as you get older. During the late teen
years, the severity of Tourette's decreases. "Some of the suggested risk factors include severe
psychological trauma, recurrent daily stresses, extreme emotional excitement, PANDAS (pediatric
autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder with streptococcal infection), and drug abuse" (Tourette
syndrome, 1). Tourette's can effect someone negatively, due to some of the actions that can occur.
People misunderstand people with Tourette's, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It has to appear in someone before the age of 18, and the tics have to occur frequently. There are no
specific tests that can be used to diagnose Tourette Syndrome. Doctors will look at a person's
symptoms and look at other tic disorders. "TS can be diagnosed if a person has both motor and vocal
tics, and has had tic symptoms for at least a year ("Facts About Tourette Syndrome", 1)." Some
common tics that can occur are things such as blinking, jerking your arm, humming, or yelling out
words ("Facts About Tourette Syndrome",

Tourette Syndrome Research Papers
Tourette syndrome is a disorder that affects people worldwide, no matter what age, ethnic group, or
race. It is a disorder characterized by uncontrollable, repetitive motor or vocal actions called tics.
Though not much is known about how TS is passed on, how it can be prevented, or the causes, there
is still research being conducted on how TS can be treated and about TS itself.
Not much is known about how TS is passed on over generations or the causes. Yet that does not stop
scientists from forming guesses. Scientists once believed that it was an autosomal dominant
disorder. Though this has been dismissed as false, there are other ideas of where this disorder comes
from. One hypothesis says that TS comes from a mutation on the SLITRK1 gene because this has
been found in few people with TS. But this is not proven to be the sole cause of TS. That of which is
not known.
Tourette syndrome is known for the tics that come with it. If a person has tics, that does ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Medicine such as Neuroleptics, Risperidone, and Fluphenazine have all shown progress in lessening
the occurrence of tics. Therapy has also shown promising results in those diagnosed with TS.
Therapies such as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and Comprehensive behavioral Intervention for
Tics (CBIT) have both shown great progress in decreasing the occurrence and complexity of the
tics.
The outlook for Tourette's syndrome is hopeful. High–quality research is being conducted by
medical professionals and support groups such as Tourette's Association of America. This is a group
that teaches people about Tourette's and provides support for those diagnosed and their family
members. It provides information on Tourette's syndrome and shows the complications that those
with the disorder and their family members have to go through. Tourette's syndrome is a complex
disorder that affects those with the disorder and those around

Tourette Syndrome Case Study
Tics are defined as repeated, sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic muscle movements including sounds or
vocalizations. Tourette syndrome diagnosed when people have had both motor and vocal tics for
more than one year. Diagnosis is clinical. Tics may be treated if it interferes with a child's activities
or self–image; treatment may include cognitive–behavioral therapy and clonidine or an
antipsychotic
The current dubious issue facing the diagnosing of Tic issue is in understanding what contributes or
is the essential variable that prompts tic issue. Although the cause of Tourette Syndrome (TS) is not
known, current research focuses on variations from the norm. In certain brain domain, not to
mention the basal ganglia, frontal lobes, and cortex, frontal projections, and cortex, the circuits that
interconnect these locales, and the neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine in
charge of correspondence among nerve cells ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
NIH–financed agents are directing an assortment of vast scale hereditary studies. Quick advances in
the innovation of quality finding will consider all inclusive screening approaches in Tourette
disorder, and finding a quality or qualities for Tourette disorder would be a noteworthy stride toward
comprehension hereditary danger variables. Likewise, understanding the genetic conditions of
Tourette disorder classes will fortify clinical conclusion, enhance inherited guiding, lead to the
elucidation of pathophysiology, and give pieces of information to more powerful treatments (Pauls
et al., 1995). Tic issue does not seem to differ in clinical attributes, course, or etiology by race,
ethnicity, and society. Be that as it may, race, ethnicity, and culture may affect how tic issue is seen
and oversaw in the family and group, in addition, impacting examples of help looking for, and
decisions on treatment (APA,

Essay on Tourette Syndrome
"Imagine having poison ivy all over you body, for twenty years and constantly being told not to
scratch. You can resist for a while, but eventually you give in" (Marlene Targ Brill 18). Tourette
syndrome can be compared to poison ivy in some aspects. Individuals with Tourette syndrome have
been suffering with tics and tantrums for hundreds of years, but today there are treatments that can
help control the symptoms of Tourettes, allowing sufferers to live a normal life. The history of
Tourette syndrome is very interesting. Hundreds of years ago those with Tourettes were thought of
very differently all around the world. In some countries they were worshiped and in some countries
they were considered possessed. Also, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those with Tourette syndrome paid the price for having Tourette's. Hundreds of years ago, people
with Tourette syndrome were thought to be mysterious though, the outlook has not changed. To this
day, there is not a complete understanding to why or how those with Tourette syndrome act the way
they do. Nor is there an exact reason why they have Tourette's. Doctors and scientists are still
researching to put the puzzle together about this disease. There may always be something a little
mysterious about Tourettes. Scientists have yet to get to the bottom of Tourette syndrome. Tourette
is still a mystery in the eyes of many people. Researchers have discovered that Tourette syndrome is
hereditary. They believe that it is caused by mismatched chromosomes. "Researchers believe that
tics are caused by and excess, or oversensitivity to, the brain chemical dopamine. (Dopamine is a
chemical which ordinarily helps transmit signals involving control of motor movements from one
nerve cell to the next" (Tracy Haerle 6) Scientists were clueless as to why individuals with tics and
uncontrollable tantrums acted the way they did. Tics are twitches or quirks of speech or behavior. So
psychologists assumed that it was because of bad parenting techniques. Tourette syndrome is passed
on within the family. The first clue that Tourette syndrome is caused by biological factors came in
the early 1960s (Tracy Haerle 13). It is

Descriptive Epidemiology Report
Hannah Lerner
Errisuriz
HED 343
15 November 2016
Descriptive Epidemiology Report
Background
Tourette's Syndrome is a disease of the nervous system in which people have uncontrollable tics.1
Tics are sudden movements that occur repeatedly and are the major symptom of Tourette's. There
are two types of tics, motor and vocal. Motor tics are body movements and vocal tics are sounds.2
Common examples of tics are excessive eye blinking, movements of the neck, shoulder or limbs,
throat clearing and grunting.3 These tics are extremely difficult to control and worsen during times
of high stress or excitement. Tics are less severe during periods of calmness and focus. 3Activities
requiring fine motor control, such as playing an instrument or reading ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Data source: 2011–2012 National Survey of Children's Health. Tourette's defined: Parents provided
information on whether a health professional has ever diagnosed their child with Tourette's or other
specific conditions, answering yes or no.
Bibliography
1. Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Visser SN, et al. A National Profile of Tourette Syndrome, 2011–2012.
Journal of developmental and behavioral pediatrics : JDBP. 2014;35(5):317–322.
doi:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000065.
2. Tourette Syndrome: An Overview – Tourette Association of America. Tourette Association of
America. https://www.tourette.org/about–tourette/overview/. Accessed November 15, 2016.
3. Swain JE, Scahill L, Lombroso PJ, King RA, Leckman JF. Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders:
A Decade of Progress. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry.
2007;46(8):947–968. doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e318068fbcc.
4. National Survey of Children's Health – Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health.
National Survey of Children's Health – Data Resource Center for Child and Adolescent Health.
http://childhealthdata.org/learn/nsch. Accessed November 11,

Tourette Syndrome
Tourette Syndrome Abstract I am writing to inform you on what Tourette Syndrome is. I will cover
the history and the first documented cases on TS as well as how theories have developed overtime,
describing the new approaches and theories in todays time. I will explain the biology behind TS and
some of the problems people have in trying to find out how it originated and how it has been
inherited/acquired. I will cover what an individual goes through with TS and the possible
medications that are on offer to those with the disorder. I will explain what tics are in depth and
what they look like. I will also display a case study of an individual who has TS and explain how it
has affected his life. My main purpose is to bring about awareness to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Michael feels as though, spiritually, he had to mature very quickly as his relationship with Christ
was the only thing keeping him from giving up completely. He also found joy and satisfaction
through humour, and joined the school drama team for 8 semesters of school .He excelled at drama
and relied on his personality and joy he brought other people to be a focus of his life as well as
Christ. He found that during a drama production or class he would never tic and this brought a relief
and a sense of accomplishment to his well–being. This made him want to be on a stage or at a point
of attention more, and bringing joy and laughter to someone's life is now a huge part of Michael's
personality. He is an outgoing, loving individual with an incredible amount of energy and jokes.
"Tourette's use to be my biggest enemy, but then I realised Tourette's is my biggest friend. It has
developed my character and made me the man I am today"–Michael

Tourette's Syndrome Case Study
DESCRIPTION
Tourette's Syndrome, often shortened to TS, is an inherited neurological disorder. Although the
cause is unknown, studies suggest that it occurs when the nerves in the brain have trouble
communicating and when there is a disturbance in the balance of neurotransmitters.
It is "characterized by repetitive, sudden, and involuntary movements or noises called tics." The tics
can be both motorized and vocalized. Motor tics are body movements that can be simple, such as
"rapid eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, or nose twitching" or complex, such as "jumping, kicking,
hopping, and spinning." Simple vocal tics include "grunting, sniffing, and throat–clearing," while
complex vocal tics include "repeating the words of others or repeating one's own words"
(ghr.nlm.nih.gov). About 10% of those diagnosed with TS have coprolalia, usage of obscene
language, and copropraxia, making obscene movements. The syndrome does not directly affect a
person's intelligence, as they function normally besides the tics, unless there is another co–existing
disorder. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To be diagnosed with TS, a patient must "have two or more motor tics and at least one vocal tic."
The tics must have begun before the patient has reached 18 years of age and have occurred for at
least a year. Opposingly, Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder may be diagnosed if the patient has
"one or more motor tics or vocal tics, but not both" that have been persistent for over a year and has
not been diagnosed with TS. In the case of Provisional Tic Disorder, the patient has symptoms
identical to Chronic Motor or Vocal Tic Disorder, aside from the fact that the tics have not "been
present for longer than 12 months in a row"

Imagine an eight year old child, just starting the third grade, and they are constantly being made fun
of for making different noises in the back of the class, or doing strange head motions that the other
students find amusing. The child wonders why this is always happening. This is what school can be
like for a child with Tourette Syndrome, making it hard for him or her to be in any kind of social
situation. Tourette Syndrome produces involuntary tics which can be hard for any school aged child
or adolescent. Little is known about the cause of Tourette Syndrome and there is no cure, making the
diagnoses look somber, but there are various treatments and ways of coping, but most patients with
Tourette Syndrome don't have to worry about it for ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among many physicians and scientists was Georges Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette,
who was training under Dr. Martin Charcot (McNaught, 2010). When Dr. Charcot asked Gilles de la
Tourette to change his study to ataxia, a disorder described as lack of muscle control to paroxysmal
a movement disorders, which is characterized by sudden outbursts of emotion and/or action, Gilles
de la Tourette accepted (McNaught, 2010). Before, Gilles de la Tourette and Dr. Charcot discovered
that the involuntary movement and sudden outbursts where neurological, many people believed that
people with Tourette Syndrome where possessed by the devil, under witched craft, or that it was
caused by wrong deeds (McNaught, 2010). Gilles de la Tourette published "Maladie des tics"
(disease tics) in 1885. In his publishing he wrote about nine patients that where suffering with
vocalizations and involuntary movement (Jeffries, 2007). So, Gilles de la Tourette is known and
considered the founding father of a neurological disorder that carries his name, Tourette Syndrome
(Jeffries,

Melvin Udall: Obsessive Compulsive Di
As Good As it Gets Essay By: Macy Kline I found two possible disorders in which Melvin Udall
may suffer from. His constant need of organization and perfection lead me to believe that he has
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder or OCD. In definition OCD is an anxiety disorder in which people
have repeated thoughts, feelings, ideas or sensations that make them feel driven to do certain things.
Due to Melvin's lack of a filter on his thoughts and opinions towards others also shows some
evidence of Tourette syndrome. Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder involving
unintentional commentary and/or movements of an individual. Most people diagnosed with
Tourettes also suffer from OCD as Melvin does. are I chose Melvin to diagnose and write about
because I found it interesting to see his unusual lifestyle and how reacts if something disrupts his
scheduled and organized ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example both the fact that he has multiple bars of soap above his sink and that he uses the
hottest possible water to clean his hands shows his obsession towards cleanliness. Melvin also
obsesses over order and routine. He feel the need to keep his day the same by eating at the same
restaurant, with the same waitress and same booth. Both of the movie examples explain an
obsession that Melvin experiences daily, supporting my theory towards his OCD. I also believe that
Melvin shows symptoms of Tourette's syndrome as he can't exactly control his comments. The
movie provides many examples of his unconstrained commentary. In one scene Melvin had a new
waitress and he addressed her as "elephant girl." Instead of greeting his date with a complement he
finds himself insulting her outfit, by mention he doesn't know how the let her in with a simple house
dress as hers. In the same scene Carol asks him for one compliment and Melvin struggled to find
one. While all of his comments were rude and hurtful they all seem to be

The Advantages Of Deep Brain Stimulation
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a neurosurgical procedure introduced in 1987. This procedure uses
the implantation of a medical device called neurostimulator. A neurostimulator sends electrical
impulses, through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain for the treatment of
movement and neuropsychiatric (branch of medicine that deals with mental disorders) disorders.
DBS in select brain regions has provided therapeutic benefits for disorders such as Parkinson's
disease, essential tremor, chronic pain, major depression and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD).
DBS and its underlying principles and mechanisms are still not clear. DBS directly changes brain
activity in a controlled manner, its effects are reversible unlike other techniques, and it is one of only
a few neurosurgical methods that allow blinded studies. Deep Brain Stimulation is approved by
FDA in USA. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Torpedo torpedo and Torpedo nobiliana were used for the electrical components, they were later
suggested to help with headaches. This later evolved to Neurophysiologic Brain Stimulation, which
later became Therapeutic Brain Stimulation, which finally resulted in Deep Brain Stimulation. Deep
Brain Stimulation is now the mixture of all the past procedures which is now more reliable and

Mental Disorders Paper
Throughout the history of mankind a leader or leaders and their decision making and has always
been a foundational aspect of every society. This event spans from the the hunter gatherers to today's
society in regards to ethics, values, norms and what is perceived to be abnormal or taboo.
Unfortunately, there's a myriad of individuals that are either born with or develops a socially
unacceptable mental disorder. Although there are many mental disorders for this paper the focus is
on these 3 insufficiencies: Tourette, narcolepsy, autism, and how those affected by these disorders fit
into society. I. During early periods, behavioral disorders created havoc among the family and the
medical arena in regards to how to treat the disease ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The NIH describes autism regarding its complexities stating that, "Autistic children have difficulties
wit social interaction, display problems with verbal and nonverbal communication, and exhibit
repetitive behaviors or narrow, obsessive interests" (NIH, 2012). As noted by the NG in its
documentary "Autistic Artist," in which details how art has and continues to afford autistic
individuals self expression through paintings. This documentary reveals how Jerry and his family
discovered that he could communicate his feels regarding autism by way of enhanced computer
technology. Although advancement toward mental disorders are on a continuum more is needed to
assure that security for these individuals and their families. One critical aspect of caring for or
meeting the needs of those with behavioral disorders is providing safety nets. This is inclusive of
funding, housing, and continued education regarding social, All of these components and others are
needed to produce structured living for at risk individuals. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. National Center for Emerging and

Tourette's Syndrome Essay
Tourette's syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition that is identified by frequent and long
lasting patterns of involuntary motor and vocal tics. (Capriotti, Conelea, Houghton, Woods, 2014)
These motor and vocal tics can range from simple tics like, blinking and grunting, to severe tics
such as word repeating and repetitive touching of objects. The onset age of Tourette's syndrome is
during childhood, typically when it carries on into adolescence the severity increases. (Capriotti et
al., 2014)The underline cause of Tourette's syndrome has yet to be determined though speculations
have been made that structural and functional abnormalities in the brain contribute to the onset of
this disorder as well as hereditable factors. (Capriotti et al.,2014)
Environmental Factors An environmental factor that has a significant ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
People may perceive the uncontrollable abrupt movement and vocalizations as controllable,
believing that the individual with Tourette's syndrome is accountable for his or her actions and have
the ability to suppress their tics. Unfortunately this is not the case. Those with TS may have the
ability to suppress their tics for a small period of time, though they will later experience a "tic
storm" which is a prolonged period of time that the person has their tic. Part of this negative stigma
that people associate with Tourette's syndrome is how the media portrays it. It is a syndrome that is
highly misunderstood by people and at times mocked by the media. In a comedy film "Not Another
Teen Movie", as a girl was trying out for the cheerleading squad in the midst of her routine utters
obscenities and later apologized saying it was her Tourette's , it was meant to be used as a sense of
comedy. It is instances like such, that causes their to be an misunderstanding and negative stigma
attached with Tourette's

Essay about Tourette Syndrome
Tourette Syndrome
Works Cited Not Included
Tourette Syndrome was named for George Gilles de la Tourette, who first discovered the syndrome
in 1885. Today there is still a mystery surrounding the disorder, it?s causes and it?s cures. But one of
the biggest mysteries is an associated behavior called coprolalia. This symptom is the uncontrolled
swearing or socially unacceptable utterances that some with Tourettes experience. Although despite
the media?s fascination, Tourette syndrome is not the cursing disease many believe it to be.
This baffling neurological disorder is characterized by repetitive motor and/or vocal tics. The
identifying symptom of TS seems to be tic disorders. ?A tic is a brief, repetitive, purposeless, ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are also utterances of insults and racial comments (Bruun 41). This seems the most commonly
recognized tic disorder of Tourettes. When most think of Tourette they automatically assume the
random cussing. Actually this seems to be a rare symptom. ?Coprolalia, the symptom that the
general public associates most often with TS, and it is not common?(Bruun 41).
It only occurs it a small minority of TS individuals. The numbers are an estimated 5–30% as
reported by the Tourette Syndrome Association in 1993. Some relate the coming on of an
inappropriate word as hard to control as a sneeze. They can feel it coming on but are unable to
control it even with medication (Michigan 1). One of the characteristics of coprolalia that sets it
apart from just simply swearing is that words come out compulsively. Most often when a person is
angry but even if they are just under stress (Kozlowski 1).
Causes of TS are still being debated and most leads are pointing to genetic factors. The
understanding of it seems to be incomplete and unfinished. But in 1999 researchers announced that
they had found evidence suggesting a link between chromosomes 4 and 8 and TS. Though there still
is no clearly identified gene to date. So all they can conclude is if one parent has TS there is a 50/50
chance for the child to carry it unless it is liked by gender (Packer 5). A study done by Dr. Ruth
Bruun indicated a tendency toward a decrease in severity as patients grow in

Tics And Tourette Syndrome
TIC Dsorders: Tics or spasm–like movements of particular muscles, often affect face and the
eyelids. These are unvoluntary movements, but the person with tic is maybe able to suppress the
actions shortly. Although, the suppression results in discomfort that grows until it is relieved by
performing again that tic.
Tics are often made of multiple continuous occurrences of the same action. For instance, a tic of
blinking eyes multiple times or twitching nose repeatedly; the vocal tics are like throat clearing,
coughing, and sniffing.
Motor tics can be classified as either simple or complex. Simple motor tics may include movements
such as shoulder–shrugging, eye–blinking, nose–twitching, and head–jerking. Complex motor tics
are series of movements performed in the same order. For instance a person might kick out with one
leg and then the other. No one knows exactly what causes tics to occur. Stress might be one of the
triggers. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Individuals with chronic Tic disorder have either motor tics or vocal tics that have been present for
more than a year, and individuals with Provisional Tic Disorder have tics that have been present for
less than a year.
Medications could used to reduce motor tics or vocal tics caused by Tourette syndrome. For
example pimozide is a medication that works by decreasing the activity of dopamine in the brain.
In many instances, no treatment is needed, tics could resolve automatically; in other cases
behavioral therapy with the suggestion of "life style change", medication, or a combination of the
two is

Tourette Syndrome
There are many different ways and techniques to help and treat this condition. Certain medications
are given by the doctor, but can vary for each patient. Small doses are given, then if the doctor
thinks they should be increased they can be within time. Side effects like weight gain, fatigue or
muscular rigidity can occur while taking the certain medication subscribed by the doctor ("Brain").
Different Treatment techniques can vary depending on the condition's level of interference with the
patient's every day life. For instance, if the patient is excited or worried the tics can become worse,
causing a need for treatment. Being calm and focused will help the patient, causing no need for
treatment at the time or even at all ("Tourette"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"If you have Tourette Syndrome, you make unusual movements or sounds called tics" ("Tourette").
"Tics are involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations. The three Tic Disorders are
distinguished by the types of tics present (motor, vocal or both) and by the length of time that the
tics are present" ("What"). Motor tics are movements that occur like eye blinking, facial grimacing,
jaw movements, neck stretching, etc. Another tic is vocal tics. Vocal tics produce a sound. These tics
can produce a sound from sniffling, clearing of the throat, grunting, to hooting or shouting ("What").
Both of these tics can be exaggerations. Some times the patient can hide or control their tics, but the
buildup of tension can can become an involuntary action defending the tic ("Syndrome"). There is a
certain "phase" that the patient may go through called "The Terrible Twos." "This phase is typically
observed among toddlers age eighteen to thirty–six months who exhibit intense outbursts of anger,
displeasure, physical agitation and opposition in response to frustration" ("Walkup"). The tics can be
both Harmful or Harmless. "Tics, although rarely disabling, can be quite troublesome for Tourette
Syndrome patients because they cause embarrassment, interfere with social interactions and at times
can be quite painful or uncomfortable" ("Walkup"). Becoming familiar with tics occurring with the
condition can help the support and coping mechanisms from the

What Is Tourette's Syndrome?
Tourette's Syndrome or TS is a neurological disorder that is inherited through genetics. This disorder
causes uncontrollable tics usually characterized as unwanted noises or movements. "These tics are
frequent, repetitive and rapid" ("what is TS?",N.D, para 1). TS is usually diagnosed at a young age
normally childhood years. "In 1885 Gilles de la Tourette, a French neurologist, provided the first
formal description of this syndrome, which he described as an inherited neurological condition
characterized by motor and vocal tics." ("Tourettes.",N.D,para 1) There is no known cause for
tourettes but studies show that the tics are being caused by a raised amount of the neurotransmitter
dopamine. Other studies suggest it is due to a different neurotransmitter ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is not just about a person who shouts out random profane things or does frequent movements of
their body. TS affects all aspects of a person's life. It is emotionally, mentally, and physically
damaging. Everyday that person has to be afraid of how people might treat them or what they might
say because they do not understand that they have no control over their tics and that can be a huge
factor on a person's self esteem. Mentally many are not stable because not being able to control their
own body becomes too much to handle and those many often develop anxiety problems. Physically
depending on how severe the disorder about 50% of the time they have no control over the
movements being performed by their bodies. Some of the time the physical movement tic can harm
they person. This is where the Bio–psycho–social model that infers Tourette's as a psychological
disorder. A lot of the time people struggling with TS do not fulfil all that they want to in life because
they are held back by their disorder.For example many don't get to further their education and in
more extreme cases they are unable to live

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurological condition where a person has both motor and
vocal tics. Researchers and doctors still do not know the exact cause of it even after much research
and studies, but it is thought to be a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Tourette
syndrome is a disorder in the balance of neurotransmitters. Neurotransmitters are chemicals in our
brain that transmit nerve signals from cell to cell. The neurotransmitters affected include Dopamine
and Serotonin. They believe these neurotransmitters play important a role in TS. Symptoms are
usually first noticed in childhood, but the ages vary from individual to individual. Other studies have
also found that guys tend to usually have it more often than

Exploring the Disorder, Tourette Syndrome Essay
Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder first described by a French physician named Georges
Gilles de la Tourette, in 1885. Tourette syndrome (TS) consists of varies abrupt, rapid, involuntary,
and repeated movements or vocal sounds, known as tics. "Until 1970, TS was frequently
misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, epilepsy, or nervous habits,"
concluding that this mental disorder is extremely rare and has similar characteristics as other mental
disorders (Kahn and Fawcett 375). Since there is no specific test that can diagnose TS, doctors have
to rely on a person's behaviors and personal history to identify the disorder. About one person in two
thousand people is likely to have TS; additionally males are four ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Many people often misunderstand TS as rudeness, offensive behavior, and even craziness. Thus,
children with TS are often ridiculed or teased by their fellow peers. Due to this, many children avoid
social gathering and suffer from depression or substance abuse. This is one of the many reasons why
children with tics should be informed of their disorder and should receive tremendous amounts of
support and love from their friends and families. People with TS are also likely to have other mental
problems like depression, anxiety, OCD, ADHD, and self–injurious behaviors. As mentioned above,
TS can occur in anyone, even famous people. Some of the famous people that had TS were Jim
Eisenreich, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Marc Summers. TS does not disable a person from
working efficiently or living a perfectly normal life. People with TS can attend and succeed school
just as a normal person can. The disorder does not affect their intelligence or their ability to learn,
thus enabling them to live a perfectly normal life. They have the same earning potential,
intelligence, and working ability similar to any other person. One of the best ways to cope with TS
is to remember that the tics usually lessen in severity as an individual gets older. Tics usually reach
its highest potential during early teens to the middle years of adolescence. If a person with TS

Tourette's Syndrome Analysis
Barking, convulsive tics, grimacing, swearing–– Imagine having frequent involuntary urges of
mimicry and repetition of abrupt behaviors. These traits are often associated with Tourette
Syndrome, a neurological disorder that researchers believe is caused by and abnormal metabolism of
the neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin. It is genetically transmitted from parent to child.
There is a fifty percent chance of passing the gene on from parent to child. It's one of the more
common genetic diseases detected in one to ten children out of 1,000. The exact cause of Tourette's
syndrome is still unknown, some research suggests that it occurs when the neurotransmitters fail to
balance within the brain. Readers question, how someone can go from tossing pots and pans, to
being very precise as a highly recommended surgeon. Tourette's Syndrome does not totally affect a
persons life productivity, nor does it it result in an altered life expectancy. Populations not affected
by this disorder, fail to understand how someone could suddenly exhibit such normality. Developing
a further ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bennet is conscious of his disorder, and his community appears to very acquainted with to his
condition. Dr. Bennet persistently touches his mustache and glasses. Bennet suggested that "His
mustache had constantly to be smoothed and checked for symmetry, and his glasses had to be
balanced."(Sacks 233). What is most striking, Dr.Bennet is a phenomenal surgeon. "Some things,
one might think, would be completely out of the question––above all, perhaps, the intricate, precise,
and steady work of a surgeon." (Surgeon's Life). Sacks explains in most of Dr. Bennet's outpatient
surgeries he was rather relaxed, yet some of his behaviors appeared to be tic like actions Removing
a large mass of skin, he adamantly wanted her to to view the access skin– "I wondered if this urge
was part of his Tourettic scrupulosity and exactitude, his need to have everything looked at and
understood." (Sacks

Tourette's Syndrome Research Paper
Tourette's syndrome is a disorder which affects the motor and verbal ability of a person suffering
from the disorder. We chose this disorder because it was an interesting disorder to research and
discuss. One of the reasons that it was interesting to us, is that it comes in many different forms and
intensities. Another is that, it is a moderately uncommon disorder which sparked our interest to look
into it more. Our final reason for choosing the syndrome was, that we found out that the disease
changes with people constantly over time. Tourette's was most likely discovered in 1884 by Georges
Albert Édouard Brutus Gilles de la Tourette. He discovered the illness after his mentor, Jean–Martin
Charcot, assigned him to study illnesses characterized by sudden outbursts. In an article published
by Gilles, Tourette's was described as having the following: childhood onset, hereditability,
stereotyped movements, repetition of spoken words and foul language, etc. At the time, Gilles was
only able to accurately document the illness ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another possibility is having an abnormality in the brain that affects the way the nerve impulses
transmit out to the brain, this includes Dopamine and Serotonin abnormalities. A couple parts of the
brain may also cause or be affected by Tourette's, those being, the Basal Ganglia, the Amygdala, and
The Hippocampus. Tourette's come in both a complex and a simple form, if you have Complex
Tourette's you may make very obscene noises or very rapid gestures. When you have Complex
Tourette's, you may repeat words or phrases, repeat someone else's words or phrases, or you may
use vulgar words. When you have Simple Tourette's, you may constantly blink, jerk your head,
rapidly shrug your shoulders and a few more types of minor tics or noises. These may show as a
social problem with interaction and

Tic Disorder
Tic Disorder Nia D. Malcom Intro to Abnormal Psychology Atlanta Metropolitan State College As
stated by Chestin M. Berlin, having a tic disorder involves a wide variety of many disorders
including the most common, which is Tourette's syndrome. Tourette's syndrome is a neurological
disorder that involves having many vocal and motor tics. An individual is most likely to have it if
the tics last consistently for more than a year. (Berlin, 3, 1995). Several people have either motor
tics or only vocal tics. The first symptoms usually are unintentional movements of the face, arms,
limbs or trunk. These tics are frequent, repetitive and rapid. The most common first symptom is a
facial tic which can be an eye blink, a nose twitch, or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(W. Robertson, 1,

Tourette Syndrome Essay
Tourette Syndrome
Tourette Syndrome, or TS, affects approximately one hundred thousand Americans of whom you
will find in a variety of professions and social settings (7). It is a neurological disease which is
characterized by repeated and involuntary body movements and vocal sounds. Before TS was
known to be a health problem uncontrollable by the patient, it was seen as nervousness, possession
by a spirit, epilepsy or simply as bad habits (5). Today it is known that imbalances in certain brain
chemicals are what causes the symptoms of this disease. It is interesting to examine TS and use it as
a tool for better understanding (in part) how, in what quantity, and at what level the brain (and the
nervous system as a whole) contribute to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was found that drugs which stimulate the production of the brain chemical dopamine can induce
"tics" (7). Some ideas about how this is happening in TS victims suggest that there may be
"supersensitive" receptors to dopamine in specific areas of the brain, and that this area under normal
conditions would act like a "brake" on the movements made on purpose (3). Or, there just may be
higher than normal levels of dopamine production and use in the patient. Still other scientists say
that dopamine may not be the only chemical involved. They have also found differing levels of a
chemical called serotonin in TS patients (where it was high) and unaffected people (where it was
lower). Other theories include increase in red–cell choline, imbalance in central nervous system
dopamine and acetylcholine, and motor movements originating in the anterior cingulate cortex (1).
Locating the genetic basis of the disease can help doctors and scientists better aid in treating those
with TS.
While there is no medication which relieves every symptom of TS, there is the possibility of
improvement if the patient does not have serious side effects to the medications, of which there are a
variety (i.e. pimozide, risperidone, clonidine) (8). Researches have found that the drug haloperidol
acts on dopamine and in turn calms the patient. Haloperidol works by blocking the receiving areas
on receptor cells where dopamine passes on messages

Gilles De La Tourette Syndrome

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