Questionnaire & Interviewe

1. By
SHAMS UD DIN
www.google.com

2. By
Shams ud din
Shamaila Haleem
Sameera Aslam

3. WHAT?
WHERE?WHY?
WHO?
WHEN?
HOW?

4. Questionnaire
Questionnaire is used where factual information
from the respondents is desired.
Questions are designed to elicit information
which is filled by all participants in the sample.
This can be gathered either by oral interview or
by written Questionnaires.
This is the most common type of research
instrument.

5. Characteristics of Good
Questionnaire
Specific
Short
Simple and clear
Objective
Presented in a good order
Attractive
Arranged properly

6. Validity and Reliability of
Questionnaire
Validity: Measure what it’s intended to measure/
Meet the objectives
Reliability: Must be consistent
(Best & Kahn, 1992)

7. Advantages of Questionnaire
1. Relatively simple method of obtaining information.
2. Less time is consumed.
3. Researcher is able to gather data from a widely scattered
sample.
4. It is easy to plan, construct, and administer.
Disadvantages
1. Some items may be misunderstood.
2. The sample is limited to those who are literate.
3. Printing may be costly especially if it’s lengthy.

8. Steps in Questionnaire Construction
1. Preparation
2. Constructing the first draft
3. Self-evaluation
4. External evaluation
5. Revision
6. Pre-test or Pilot study
7. Revision
8. Second Pre-test if necessary
9. Preparing final Copy

9. Unstructured and Structured Questions
Questions can also be classified, on the basis of
form and method of response, into two major
categories: Unstructured and structured.
Unstructured Question - allow respondents to
reply freely without having to select one of several
provided responses
Structured Question – It specifies the respondents’
answer in the several provided options in a
question.
(Classified by P.V.Young)
(Chauhan, 2012: 186)

10. Types of Question
1. Factual questions
2. Opinion and Attitude questions
3. Information questions
4. Self- perception questions
5. Standard of action questions
6. Projective questions
7. Open/direct questions
8. Closed/indirect questions
Questionnaire is also classified as closed and open form.

11. Forms of Questionnaire
Closed form
Open Form
Pictorial Form
(Farooq, 2001)

12. Classification of Questionnaire
P.V. Young has classified questionnaire into two main
types:
Structured Questionnaire
Non-Structured Questionnaire
(Chauhan, 2012: 186)

13. Ways of Administering a Questionnaire
1. Collective Administration - One of the best way of
administering a questionnaire is to obtain a captive
audience such as students in classroom, people
attending a function
2. Administration in a public place - Sometimes you
can administer a questionnaire in a public place
such as a shopping Center, health center, hospital,
school or pub, it is dependent upon the type of study
population
3. The mailed questionnaire - The most common
approach to collect information is to send the
questionnaire to prospective respondents by mail

14. Interview
Interview consists of oral question
asked by the interviewer and
oral/verbal responses by the research
participant. OR A meeting of people
face to face, especially for
consultation.

15. Characteristics of Interview
1. The participants - the interviewer and the
respondent - are strangers. Hence, the
investigator has to get himself introduced to
the respondent in an appropriate manner
2. The relationship between the participants
and the interviewer is a transitory one. It has
a fixed beginning and termination points.
3. Interview is not a mere casual conversational
exchange, but a conversation with a specific
purpose, viz., obtaining information relevant
to a study.

16. 4. Interview is a mode of obtaining verbal answers to
questions put verbally.
5. The interaction between the interviewer and the
respondent need not necessarily be on a face-to-
face basis, because interview can be conducted over
the telephone also.
6.Although interview is usually a conversation
between two persons, it need not be limited to a
single respondent. It can also be conducted with a
group of persons
7. Interviewing is a flexible psychological process.

17. Types of Interviews
Individual Interviews
Group Interviews
Structured Interviews
Unstructured Interviews
Non-directive Depth Interview
Focussed Interviews
(Farooq, 2001)

18. Advantages of Interview
1. The interviewer can gather other supplemental
information like economic level, living conditions
etc.
2. The accuracy and dependability of the answers
given by the respondent can be checked by
observation and probing.
3. Interview is flexible and adaptable to individual
situations. Even more control can be exercised over
the interview situation.
4. Data from interview is useable.
5. Depth of response can be assured.

19. Disadvantage of Interview
1. The interview results are often adversely affected
by interviewer's mode of asking questions and
interactions
2. Certain types of personal and financial information
may be refused in face-to-face interview
3. Interview poses the problem of recording
information obtained from the respondents
4. Lack of training for the person who conducts
interview.
5. Interview is costly both in terms of money and time.

20. Interview Process
1. Preparation.
2. Introduction .
3. Developing rapport.
4. Carry the interview forward.
5. Recording the interview .
6. Closing the interview .

21. Interview Problems
1. Inadequate response
2. Interviewer's bias
3. Non response
4. Non availability
5. Refusal
6. Incapacity or inability

22. References
Best, John W. &Kahn, James V. (1992). Research in
Education. 181-201. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India
Private Limited.
Chauhan, Sandeep. (2012). Research Methodology in
Education . New Delhi: Pearson.
Farooq, R.A. (2001). Understanding Research in
Education. Lahore: Z. A. Printers.
Good, V. & Scates, Douglas E. (1992). Methods of
Research in Education. New York: Appleton-Century
Crofts. Inc.

23. References: (Continued…)
www.google.com
http://cbdd.wsu.edu/edev/nettom_tot/Resources/Other/T
http://www.slideshare.net/olmsgal/collecting-
research-data-with-questionnaires-and-interviews