Old Fire Station

Old Fire Station
Site analysis
1. The Old Fire Station #1 is located in South Beach, in the intersection between Jefferson Ave and
11th St. was built in 1967. It is still currently functioning but it is going to be relocated to the current
parking lot across the street. We are planning to give a different use to the empty building but due to
deterioration over time, a lot of work has to be done to reinforce the structure and redesigning the
plumbing, HVAC and electrical systems of the building. The site is currently owned by the city and
it is classified as GU (government use) but the location is designated as residential multifamily low
intensity therefore we are planning to use it as affordable housing or offices.
2. Land Location: 1051 Jefferson Avenue, Miami beach, FL, 33139
3. Property Value: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For more information refer to the code chapter 143, division 3, or in the "Land use, zoning and
building code information" section.
7. Site map:
8. Parcel Size:
Adjusted Area: 11,213 Sq Ft
Lot Size: 21,000 Sq Ft
9. The building has been used since its construction in 1967 as a fire station. It is the first fire station
that was built in south beach. 10. Market needs: To follow the client wishes, due to the highly
raising prices of real estate, we were considering building affordable housing. Also, another option
is to construct offices for the city to use.
11. Miami–Dade county stats shows that in the period of 2007–2015, weekly wages have declined
15.9% while real estate prices have been increasing. In average, to be able to mortage on a home at
the upper limit of the lowest tier homes, the person should have an income of 40,300 USD per year,
while the average income per year in Miami–dade county is of 38,000 USD.
The average price on the housing surrounding the fire station is around 300,000 USD
Graph of Average Weekly Wages (2015 USD)
Graph of single–family home

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The Poor In The Gilded Age
After the Gilded Age people soon realized that the poor were not only in the western farm land. The
poor were closer to home then they had previously thought. They had focused so much on the poor
farmers that they did not realize that the lower middle class in the inner cities were struggling as
well. Thousands of families were living in filthy condensed "homes" in the inner cities. Children
were not being educated, looked after or being fed properly. They were running about the cities and
sometimes they never came back to their "home." A man attempted to count number of families in a
small housing building and he originally counted one hundred and twenty six families in one
building. Yet there were still nineteen more families that were unaccounted for. That were
supposedly living in the building as well. The conditions were very poor, there was very little space,
and there were very many children. A group of workers found a young dead boy under a pile of
wood that they were unloading, the boy was never reported missing. His parents did ntt know he
was missing or did not care because it took several weeks for them to even claim the child's body.
Another young boy in the hospital was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many families were threatened by advancing cholera and smallpox which would spread very fast
because they lived in the small badly ventilated tenements that housed many families. There are
modern day tenements, but now they are called apartments. The definition of a tenement is
"occupied by three or more families, living independently and doing their cooking on the premises;
or by more than two families on floor, so living and cooking and having a common right in the halls,
stairways, yards, ect." The modern tenements are much cleaner with better lighting and

Urban Decay : A New Standard Of Beauty
Another Vice Urban Decay, not only a makeup line but a new standard of beauty. Well known for
their show stopping makeup and worldwide fame, Urban Decay is known for setting themselves to
be above and beyond competitors. The literal definition of beauty is; "the quality of being physically
attractive. The qualities in a person or a thing that give pleasure to the senses or the mind." Urban
Decay's products are the definition of beauty, their products are outstanding and one of a kind, and
brings pleasure to those who choose to wear it. Urban Decay is a daring brand and makes it known
that they do not want to be considered basic, as demonstrated in their most recent advertisement in
cosmopolitan staring Ruby Rose. The advertisement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Within the past few years, Ruby Rose has sprung out of nowhere and became famous rather quickly.
She is seen as a sex icon in today's world, she is gorgeous in every aspect. All though she is a
lesbian, men still want to be with her and women wish to be here. A common saying amongst
women today is "if I were gay, I would get with Ruby Rose." Individuals of different genders, races,
ages, and sexual preferences, everyone wants a piece of Ruby Rose. She is daring and beautiful
person, who is unique just like the brand that she represents in this advertisement. Every aspect of
this advertisement screams sexy and daring! But the main focus throughout this advertisement is
Ruby Rose's tattoos, she is covered in them. Urban decay does not even bother covering up her
tattoos, they embrace them. Her most prominent tattoo that is being shown says "The Thorn", all
though a rose is beautiful it will always have its thorns. Ruby Rose has her thorns, which is her
daring attitude, it is what is different and sticks out about her. Her beauty is simple but yet daring,
just like an actual rose they are beautiful but their thorns make them daring. You associate thorns
with roses just as you associate Ruby Rose with her not giving a shit attitude. The rest of Ruby
Rose's tattoos are somewhat blurred out to where it is hard to see exactly what they are. Urban
Decay wants the audience to focus on her "The Thorn" tattoo

Pyrmont-Ultimo Case Study
A) Pyrmont is an inner–city suburb of Sydney, in the state of New South Wales, Australia, 2
kilometers south–west of the Sydney central business district in the local government area of the
City of Sydney. It is located near darling harbor
Pyrmont has changed dramatically in the last few years with it growing in the past 30 years, with the
population climbing from a low of 1590 in 1981 to almost 14,000 in 2004 and changing all the time
with the casino coming in which is being constructed by James Packer will bring many people just
making the area grow more and more
Pyrmont was once a very important part of Sydney's industrial waterfront, with wharves,
shipbuilding yards, factories and wool stores. Over the last few years it has experienced (re–building
and improving/re–built and improved place) with an inflow of residents and office workers. ... Show
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The manufacturing business acted as an extremely important industrial area. From this area, wool
was exported, sugar was high quality and electricity powered the city. During World War 2, in 1939–
1945, the Pyrmont area was used mostly for exporting war supplies. This had a major impact on the
area as it changed the whole area completely. After WWII had officially finished, the Pyrmont–
Ultimo area was a major entry point for many traveling workers. It was from then, the Pyrmont–
Ultimo area lowered/got worse. In the beginning the Pyrmont–Ultimo area, was a success in many
things. But then WWII changed it all. , After 1945 manufacturing products in the area was no longer
important. Different manufacturing groups moved to suburban

Urban Decay Research
The relationship between criminal activity and welfare spending can be split in two separate links.
On one hand, there is a connection between economic conditions and crime that has been
extensively studied, in particular the unemployment–crime link and the inequality and crime
association. An individual engages in an illicit activity only if the expected net value is higher than
the expected gain from a legal activity. Any deterioration in the labor market that changes the return
of legal vs. illegal activities, like job loss, wage cuts or reduction in extra hours, is expected to
augment the crime rate. Nonetheless, this effect may be offset by shrinking crime opportunities in a
declining economy. As explained by Phillups, there are two opposite ... Show more content on
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Urban decay is caused by a clear lack of order and social control in a specific area (Ross 1999).
Some of the consequences faced by urban decay include: high crime rates, deindustrialization,
infrastructure decay, depopulation, and increased unemployment. Through a lack of adequate
funding, communities are facing the consequences to their "state of peace, safety, and observance of
the law."(Ross 1999). In many cases, low income families are forced to live in areas that are
experiencing urban decay which transfers the problems related to the city directly to them. With a
lack of government funding, the infrastructure and resources available to primary and secondary
educational facilities are extremely scarce. This results in a catastrophic decrease in the quality of
education in these areas. Teachers are incentivized to accept jobs that provide them with higher
wages and better working conditions. In these areas, it is difficult to find quality teachers willing to
work in areas with lower wages, and a lack of resources. This is shown through the increased high
school dropout rates in areas experiencing urban decay (Ross 1999). Because urban decay leads to
high stress and depression for low income families, an increased chance of drug use and criminal
activity involvement increases (Latkin 2005). Psychological damage in these areas have impacted
behavioral problems with the members of the community. Depression and interpersonal problems
are causing delinquent activity and increased crime rates in impoverished areas. These areas are the
home for a cycle of poverty that is extremely hard to

Poverty In Atlanta
Concentrated disadvantage is described as an indicator that is depicting the poverty in a specific area
or region. I chose the city of Atlanta because I have lived near Atlanta all my life. I would
occasionally travel to the city to watch the Atlanta Hawks play. On the way home from the games I
would notice the numbers of people on the side of the streets that were sleeping or asking for
money. I never understood the whole concept of why such things were happening in this part of
town. I did not know why I never saw people like that when I was around my house, and I only saw
them when I was in Atlanta. When I first enrolled in this class, I was excited that I was going to be
able to learn how and why all of these patterns exist. Through the main source of my paper "Social
Explorer," I was able to attain the knowledge to understand the patterns of the inner city and why
there was so much poverty. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of the four maps was a map of the general population that is living in poverty and in what
part of the city they are living in. Within the map, I noticed that the majority of people that are living
in poverty are in the southern region of the city. In the northern part of the city, there is not as much
poverty; This is because the north part of the city is the richer part of the city. The south part of
Atlanta is kind of like the projects; It is where there are many gangs. When you are in a city or town
that has a numerous amount of gangs, the life style of the people living in the town will be different
than those that do not have gang influence around. There are many factor to why the poverty is like
it is, and I will analyze the factors in the next three

The American Dream By Dolores Hayden
The American Dream
The growth of cities, and their subsequent decay due to a capitalistic order followed by attempts to
renew city life along with an exodus of those with means and/or appropriate skin color assisted by
policy instruments. With the racial segregation obtained as a byproduct (or maybe product) of the
chain of events would summarize the assigned readings in a nutshell.
To elaborate from Dolores Hayden's "From the Ideal City to the Dream House" the Jeffersonian
ideal of democracy favored the model family farm over the model village and this ideal was more
widely accepted by the rural Americans over the communitarian socialist towns that were coming up
from Maine to California.
The American dream was marketed directly to the American woman, and in my understanding to the
aspiring, semi wealthy American woman as a path to spread the desire for a single family home in a
suburban setting. Such suburban prototypes were popularized by Catharine Beecher and Andrew
Jackson Downing "were designed to recall the values of the puritan covenant community but to suit
families whose lives were centered around profitable dealings of the new cities."
As stated these houses were only accessible to the few families that had the means to afford them.
While they were advertised as the "working man's reward", few would ever be able to leave their
tenements and occupy these houses.
"If wealth was the inevitable result of hard work and enterprise, every woman in Africa would be a

Low Income Housing Crime
What role do you feel the middle and upper class should play in resolving the criminal justice
problems in low–income neighborhoods? Explain and ground your answer using statistical data or
published research.
Low income housing areas, especially public ones, across the country are in very bad shape and are
a hotbed of crime because of their design. In Knoxville, Tennessee, where I am a Patrol Lieutenant,
half of the public housing was built after World War II for returning soldiers and is in very bad
shape. The designed was closed in and packed as many residents in as possible, which attracts crime
and prevents emergency personnel from entering in an efficient manner. Some have been torn down
because of poor conditions, but many still remain. The Knoxville Community Development
Corporation would like to replace all of the older design developments, but money is the issue as in
many other cities. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Violent crimes in their 334 developments have risen over 31% since 2009 and the city needs over
$15 billion to properly fix the buildings over the next 5 years (Smith, 2014). Castle Hill, Patterson,
Wagner, Brownsville, Van Dyke I, Butler, Ingersoll, Queensbridge South, Polo Grounds Towers, and
Red Hook West are the worst of the worst and will require almost $2 billion to fix (Smith, 2014).
The conditions were so bad that 65% felt that intruders could gain entry because bad locks and 45%
did not feel safe in their stairwells (Smith, 2014). The money and decisions for how to fix these
problems and reduce crime have to come from

Urban Poverty In Rural America
The growing rates of unemployment correlate with the higher rates of poverty seen in rural America
compared to urban areas. The graph below demonstrates the gap between rural and urban poverty
rates. In addition, many of the manufacturing jobs that still exist provide low wages. With residents
earning less money than their urban counterparts, housing is in some cases less obtainable than in
metropolitan areas.
Income and Poverty in the United States from 2015 (Procter et al).
With nearly "three of every four rural poor households paying at least 30 percent of their incomes
for housing and with substantial numbers paying 50 percent and even 70 percent –– little money is
left for other necessities" (Lazere, 22). To make matters worse, rural America is currently
experiencing the same gentrification issue that is widely seen in major urban areas today. Alan
Greenblatt summarizes the situation by saying, "as professionals move in, that raises prices and puts
a squeeze on all the people making a living pumping gas or selling ... Show more content on
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He argues that the tech boom directly caused a massive influx of workers with high incomes into the
Bay Area and there was no feasible way that the region could have built enough units to meet that
sudden supply. The Bay, as a result, has continued to become whiter and wealthier as tech jobs allow
workers to easily out–bid previous inhabitants of the Bay. Not mention the fact that low–density
zoning has been increasingly used by wealthy groups to block high–rise apartment complexes that
would provide housing to non–elite residents. In order to combat the growing inaccessibility to
housing, Walker believes we need to address the role "credit and capital, boom and bust cycles, and
the spatial preferences of the elite" played into the Bay Area housing crisis (Redmond,

Urbanization in Developing Countries: India
1. Executive Summary
Rapid urbanization in developing countries like India has resulted in a significant increase of the
urban population within the country. The historic label of 'the country of villages' defies the current
state of Modern India. Growing cities besides expanding the economic base have also contributed
towards the degenerative decay of the urban core. Increasing unemployment, pressure on
infrastructure, creation of slums in the urban core of cities and environmental degradation are a few
results of the unplanned haphazard urbanization.
The paper will focus on studying the urbanization in India with analysis of changes over time and
history and the conditions of the urban poor as it currently exists. It will explain the approach of
low–income housing policy adopted by the government in the five year plans viz. the Rajiv Gandhi
Awas Yojana. The paper will also include the impact of this housing scheme on the improvement of
slum areas. The idea of 'slum–free cities' has dominated the housing policies in India for long. This
concept has been adopted in a prototypical manner for all cities and geographies without much
compassion for the users, and consideration of the reality of the varying land and housing market
conditions. The paper with supporting case studies will analyze the changes required in the current
approach of low income housing policy that could be adopted in the prevailing Indian political and
economic environment for substantial results.
2.

Anderson's Discrimination In The Inner City
A third way Anderson describes how discrimination affects those in the inner city is the
discrimination against hiring those who live there some workplaces have. Part of the reason the
concept of family has deteriorated in the inner city, besides the increase of drugs and drug dealing, is
because it is hard for a young man to provide for his family. Those who are in the "decent" group
have to fight against the stereotypes set forth by those part of the "street" group and have to
essentially be a public relations manager for the rest of his street. Those who want a job must
deliberately contradict stereotypes as companies are hesitant to hire people from the inner city, even
discriminating against whole districts and refusing to hire anyone ... Show more content on
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Some studies even agree with the motives, merely labeling it street cred instead of respect.
However, there were no articles that completely agreed with the motivations that Anderson
postulated. Despite this, the fact that Anderson could neatly tie up the actions of the people, and the
other articles agreed with his accounts about the frequency of those actions, suggests that his theory
is valid, or at the very least,

How Slums Are Constructed And Complex Economic, Social And...
Across the world, whether it be in a first or a third world country, there are populations which tend
to be segregated into communities and form part of the low socioeconomic status. These groups,
usually termed 'slums', are heavily ostracised and are usually sought to be removed and stopped in
their growth. Drawing from different locations as examples, I will firstly discuss how slums are
established and the many complex economic, social and political issues which keep the slum alive in
this modern age. There is also the matter of highlighting the way in which we define a slum and the
people living within it and how this may affect slum growth. Lastly, I will make an allusion to
measures that try and stop the advance of slums and their effectiveness.
The origins and development of a slum are varied and complex. As there are a myriad of possible
scenarios and variations, to avoid over–complexity, there are a few key political, economic and
social factors that are a running theme within the majority of slums. Most of these aspects transpire
concurrently and are inextricably linked. One of the main causes of a slum's creation is due to rapid
urbanisation in a city that is unable to keep up with the growing demands. The rapid influx of people
to cities could be for several reasons: moving from rural areas to find work in bigger cities or
migrating from a war torn country. Upon moving to these larger towns, they are unable to afford
housing due to lower incomes in the

Housing For African-Americans
Housing for African American In Cleveland Since Great Migration The Fair Housing Act of 1968,
also known as Title VIII of the Civil Rights Act of 1968; prohibits the selling, renting, and financing
of properties based on race, color, sex, or nationality. In 1988, Congress passed the Fair Housing
Amendments Act, which expanded the law to prohibit discrimination based on disabilities and
family status. Since that act was established, what has the been the correlation between housing and
poverty for African–Americans in Cleveland, Ohio? While, the housing act was the last major act of
the civil rights movement many states still had segregated housing neighborhoods. As years
progressed, whites moved from the city to surrounding suburbs leaving ... Show more content on
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In Wilson (2011) research, he say there are two types of cultural forces which are national view and
beliefs on race and cultural traits that emerge from patterns of intragroup interaction in setting
created by discrimination and segregation. Since racism, it has been believed that whites are more
superior than blacks. This played a major role because black isolated themselves from other
communities and are comfortable with staying in one area. One effect of living in a racially
segregated neighborhood is the expose to group specific cultural traits, (Wilson 2011). These
cultural traits include habits, fashion styles, dancing, type of music listened to, behavior skills and
more. A person, typically African–American will have more street smarts than a person from a
suburb. Wilson (2011) says that although cultural traits such as street smarts can prevent individuals
from being harmed in their neighborhoods, it can prevent them from performing well on a job
interview. Culture can impact the outcome and behaviors of an

Urban Decay In The Middle East
Urban decay is an issue in the United States and will cause the act of gentrification. Urban decay is
current in most, if not all, inner cities of the United States. Middle and upper class avoid traveling
around downtown cities in their state because they do not feel safe. Government and private markets
are implementing gentrification to decaying urban areas. The positive effect of gentrification is that
there will be a renovation of buildings and local businesses. This is a controversy because these
renovations will be create a higher property and push out local businesses to implement new
businesses to appeal gentrified citizens; ultimately, targeting the lower class by displacing them.
"The Search for Marvin Gardens" by John McPhee and "Gentrification ... Show more content on
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Both cities are experiencing urban decay. As infrastructure continuously deteriorates, the cost of
living decreases. The solution to decaying urban areas is to renovate infrastructure and rehabilitate
the society as whole. The socio–economical culture mostly consists of lower class African
Americans. The culture is more inclined to commit crimes because of their economical standard.
Early studies claimed that there might be a single digit percentage of pre–gentrified citizens
displaced in the community, possibly causing them to be homeless. Displacement of the lower class
citizens is due to higher property tax housing and rental homes, which will make it unaffordable to
the current residents. McPhee, Schaffer and Smith look at both situations in different point of views,
which helps readers comprehend the overall issue of urban decay and gentrification. Urban decay
and gentrification will affect the lower and middle to upper class in different ways. The only issue is
that child–oriented families will not leave the suburbs because they have a comfortable and safe
living, as well as other benefits. The solution that the government and private markets must reach is
how to renovate the cities while maintaining the current residents

Essay about The Inner-City Problems and Solving Them
The Inner–City Problems and Solving Them
There are many problems that can be clearly seen in the inner city. Problems such as crime, poor
housing (perhaps slums), and
unemployment are all apparent. However unemployment levels are gradually dropping. Lack of
money gives rise to the
problems so are often seen in the lower class areas of cities.
On the whole the perception of the inner–city areas has the image of poverty and overcrowding
which faces many cities across
Britain today in whatever proportion. The first as such it the Economic which inner–city areas have
long suffered due to lack of
investment especially after the 1940's when a lot of money was put into New Towns. Many of ...
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Issues in British inner city estates
There is increasing evidence that poverty, unemployment and social stress are all now seen in
British Inner Cities. There are
many problems which the areas face, both physically and even in some cases mentally:
1.the physical fabric of the buildings, many originally built using cheap materials and methods, is
deteriorating rapidly.
However the councils are trying to upgrade these poor housing conditions gradually.
2.Many inner city areas include high rise buildings which have created feelings or isolation and
stress related illnesses.
3.The low level or car ownership and high bus fares have increased the feeling of isolation from
jobs, shops and

entertainment.
4.Levels of unemployment often exceed 30%. There are also low income families; many elderly
living on small pensions.
5.The environment quality of the areas are poor, often with the lack of open space.
6.The inner–city tend to have high levels of marital problems, drug–taking, petty crime and
vandalism and low levels of
academic attainment and aspiration.
We can see quite clearly from above the poor conditions that face Britain's poorer people, these
factors having to be dealt with.
However the young are partly to blame for the poor conditions (mainly sites) which surround the
people. They play the part in
theft,

What Are The Causes Of The Slums?
Causes of slums There are numerous reasons why people migrated from the rural areas to the cities
and the major one is looking for employment opportunities. As a result of media sensationalizing
urban living through advertisement and focusing on the wealthy part of the cities, many people are
misinformed about urban cities. With little or no training they migrate to the cities in masses in
search of wealth they assumed is in the cities. Unfortunately, once in the cities they are faced by a
myriad of challenges housing being the biggest. According to (Rashid, 2009), they are secluded
from the major city as they cannot afford living within the cities. Most of them come from farms or
homes that had been flooded or affected by a natural calamity. This creates a desperate situation that
does not allow them to settle elsewhere. Housing becomes a big challenge for migrants in Indonesia
since they cannot secure well–paying jobs; this is as a result of the fierce competition for jobs that
require highly skilled workers. The jobs they get can only afford them shanties that are located in
the slums while some are forced to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The governments and the stakeholders have been caught unprepared since the supply of housing is
not matching the demand. Public housing is constructed by the local government in order to serve
civil servants; however, they are open to members of the public who can afford them since they are
affordable. The unpreparedness of the governments in providing decent housing is a contributing
factor to the rise of slums in the cities (Ross, 2014). However, the issue of slums has been receiving
attention from all stakeholders in the world as the issue has become problematic to the society in
general. Issues such as criminal activities being concentrated in slums and high levels of
communicable diseases are some of the reasons that have attracted the

Jane Jacobs Chapter 11 Analysis
Jane Jacobs begins chapter eleven, about the last condition necessary for the existence of diversity:
that there should be a dense concentration of people including residents. The main success factor in
this condition is based on population density. The chapter starts off by Jacobs beginning statement
supported by Samuel Jackson. The relationship of concentration can also be known as high density
to conveniences and to other kinds of diversity is generally well understood as it applies to
downtowns. Jacobs notes that high dwelling densities have a bad name in orthodox planning and
housing theory; they are supposed to lead to every kind of difficulty and failure. If there is high
population densities in residential areas that does not necessarily mean that it will lead to the slums.
There is a supposed correlation that is incorrect between high densities and trouble, or high densities
and slums.

City Of God : Movie Analysis
City of God
The movie of City of God took place in an urban environment in Brazil. The movie showed clear
and honest images of varies issues that is happening in urban environment. As well as the social
networking and the importance of education.
The movie start with a poor area in the urban society. While the movie showing bunch of kid
playing on the community playground, the camera showed the surroundings of the community.
People are living compactly with a small area. The houses are constructed next to each other's, and
the ground in the community is just plain dust. The condition of the people in the community are
poor and sometimes deficient to support their basic needs. This kind of living condition would be
categorize as the urban slums.
As the movie goes on, some of these youngsters living in the slums took out guns and try to rub the
truck full of gas tanks. Which would be one of the urban issues that was shown numerous times in
the movie, the urban crime and youth gang. The youth gang activity was also mentioned in the class
reading as follow "Many of these young people live in and around the cities' sprawling public
markets, where it is easy to scavenge food. A few work at shining shoes, cleaning windshields, or
selling anything from candy to their bodies, but most beg or steal to survive." The youth living in the
slum was influenced by the crime activities happening in the slum. Making they think that practicing
crime is the shorter or only way to live a better

The Real Slumdog 's Documentary
a. Globalization/pg. 29: The growing interconnections among nations due to the expansion of
capitalism
The Real Slumdog's documentary was very interesting and eye opening. The amount of businesses
that are run in the one square mile area of Dharavi affect the entire capitalism of the world. Look at
it this way, the Slumdog's as they're called make crappy money to make some very intricate
products. These products will be shipped from Mumbai to the rest of the world eventually. As the
products are marked up by middle men, the money does not filter its way back to the Dharavi slum.
Thus, the products might be ten dollars in a store, but initially the slum workers get paid barely
anything and do not get to see the profit that they could. These people work to survive. Mumbai is a
very intricate and bustling city, and has a large amount of money and products moved through it
each day. In the inner city though, it is not as cheap to make the products. There also are not the
massive amounts of laborers that are found in Dharavi. Moving away from product production we
can look at the dumps of Dharavi. A large amount of the trash from the inner city is sent to the slum
to be processed. The workers that sort through the trash are called rag pickers. The rag pickers make
very little money for what they do, but the work that they do is very important. They separate the
waste into different categories to be processed and recycled accordingly. They separate the metals
from plastics, and

America's Reluctance to Deal With Gangs and Gang Crime...
The United States of America faces a highly complex problem that is threatening to destroy the
fabric of its unique urban society. This problem has been developing for many years and has become
entwined into the core of American society to such a point where it has virtually become accepted as
the norm to the millions of people whose quality of life has been greatly reduced by it. The problem
in its most simple form is crime, however, this is evident as a problem that demands improvement in
nearly every country throughout the world, so this essay will look closely at the crime problem that
has become synonymous with modern day urban America – gang crime.
To fully understand the detrimental ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The modern settlement system of the United States of America has developed over the last 400 years
from the early European pioneers initially based on the east coast. The pioneers were the catalyst of
the unparalleled emergence of small towns, some of which were eventually to grow into today's
metropolitan areas. As the frontier reached further into the western areas of America more
settlements began to appear on the landscape, and so began the process of urbanisation.
The first signs of gang activity were becoming apparent during the late 19th century as urban
America began to develop into two widely contrasting and disconnected societies. The two societies
consisted of the poor and the affluent. Goldfield and Brownell (1979) indicate

Urban Poverty And The Urban Underclass Essay
According to Curley (2005), urban poverty has been a huge issue for hundreds of years. The people
living in inner–city neighborhoods were the primary target for poverty. It had a tremendous effect on
the black population; it increased by 164 percent in ten years alone. Finding a job became hardly
impossible. Therefore, neighborhoods began to segregate, leaving the disadvantaged poor behind.
The neighborhoods relied on welfare to make ends meets. This resulted in an increase in crime rates
(p.97). This paper was a view of how early ecologist viewed urban poverty. William Wilson's thesis,
The Truly Disadvantage, explained how social conditions led to the urban underclass. He
enlightened the readers on how social isolation and concentration effects affected the inner–city
neighborhoods. He reasoned that there were more jobs available in the suburbs than in inner–city
neighborhoods. The jobs that were available required formal education and credentials, something
the inner–city residents lacked. The lack of education made it harder for them to get jobs. Therefore,
the joblessness forced inner–city neighborhoods to start merging with lower, working, and middle–
class black families. By the 1980's the middle–class and the working–class had moved out the
inner– city neighborhoods. Those who were left behind, Wilson referred to them as the urban
underclass. The isolation between the groups left the underclass vulnerable (p. 98).
On the other hand, Massey and Denton,

Urban Decay
I have been using makeup since I first could get my hands on it, when my mom would leave it out
and in my reach! Makeup has always been so exciting to me because it allows you to change your
appearance in so many different ways. The makeup industry continuously advertises new and
improved products evolving with societies trends, along with competing with other popular
industries, for example Covergirl, Lancome, Tarte, and Maybelline. Maybeline is known for their
affordable prices and their variety, they have came out with their newest collection Maybelline Lash
Sensational mascara sold at Ulta Beauty Cosmetics, Sephora, and online stores. This mascara offers
" a sensational, voluminous, push up, look" and boy do the models eyelashes look just like that!
Now, Urban Decay is a more expensive makeup brand that provides ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although I'm a huge fan of Urban Decay and they without a doubt meet beyond my expectations
Maybelline has made it more convenient for me to purchase while getting the same results that
Urban decay gives. Another point is that Urban Decay rarely ever has sales while Maybelline always
has great deals and offers that are greatly appealing to me and vast majority of makeup users.
Makeup industries like others have the goal to meet maximum profitization, and the companies that
give the most benefits to the customers, putting out new products, and continuously striving to meet
customer satisfaction receive more returning customers like me. I believe that this concept is the
most important and emphasized in Economics is everywhere because it's the long term goal and key
to a successful business as well as happy

Urban Blight Research Paper
Clary Peralta
Local Government
Dr. McGlynn
What major events in American history contribute to urban blight in local government and
communities, and how does this affect them?
Abstract
Blight is a nationwide problem, from Chicago to New York, one can find blighted properties
everywhere. Blight can be described as an abandoned property. A building or structure which is not
being inhabited, occupied or used and which is unsecured (codepublishing). For purposes of this
paper, a building or structure is unsecured when the public can gain entry without the consent of the
owner, an open–door policy without regulation (codepublishing). Blight can also be an attractive
nuisance which is a property that is in an unsecured state so as to potentially ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
This can sometimes cause a domino effect to the neighborhood and cause a halt in real estate within
the neighborhood. Blighted properties attract crime and become difficult to maneuver and rehab due
to ownership and property issues. Urban blight has taken cities like Detroit by storm, making it one
of the most blighted cities in the United States. Some places in Detroit have entire neighborhoods
that are abandoned and deemed inhabitable. In spite of the fact, the term blight is more relevant
today, scholars note that it has been an ongoing and complex issue throughout history especially
within the academic literature (Schilling). Scholars from a different line of work have documented
blight's evolution from the early 1900's, where slums and disease took place all around the United
States, most of the time targeting minority communities throughout American cities (Schilling).
Blight can be noted in different parts of history, and all over the world, usually different monumental
events happen that leads to a snowball effect and result into blighted properties. Throughout this
paper, urban blight will be discussed in a sequence of events, this paper will attempt to correlate
major events in American history to blight and discuss the impact and effect it had on local
government at that

Living In Shanty Town
Have you ever in your life been dirt poor? Have you ever had to scavenge for things to trade or to
build your house with? The people of Shanty Town have been scavenging for a little while now.
Everyone who lives in Shanty Town has to scavenge for scrap so that they can trade that scrap for
food and maybe even clothes if the right person comes through town. It is 2030 and a devastating
thirteen year world war has left many countries to collapse and left in trash and ruins. It has only
been two years since they remaining countries (China, Russia, Germany, and Japan) have signed a
truce, but secretly, each country is just rebuilding their troops to have another war for total control of
the world. They have forgotten about the used to be once ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
He dismissed this thought because he could not abandon his siblings and there was nobody that
would take care of them for him. The group that was fight against The New Republic did not have a
known name. The next morning, he got up and made breakfast for him and his brother and sister
which consisted of canned spinach and a couple of biscuits. He went out scavenging again to look
for more scrap and out there he saw a strange looking girl. Most of the town had turned to crime to
feed themselves. Seeing that this girl had a large amount of money on her, he went to sneak up on
her and steal the money, but she started to walk away so he quickened his pace. Before he got to her,
she opened a trap door and hopped inside. Confused that he had never discovered this door out here
he went up closer to it. It was camouflaged to look like a bunch of junk and actually remembered
walking past it the other day. Quietly, he opened it up and jumped through the hole to land on a
stone floor seven feet down. He crept through a somewhat open hallway to a door. It was a wooden
door with a door knob. He turned it and was thankful that it did not

Essay on Glasgow's Urban Problems and Solutions
Glasgow's Urban Problems and Solutions
* Geog factors led to Glasgow's importance
* Decline in ship building etch, moved due to cheap labour elsewhere
* Slum conditions
* Comprehensive redevelopment? Uphill 1970s – what problems with it
* Renovate
* Regeneration
There are several geological factors, which led to Glasgow's importance. Firstly, there were many
nearby coal and iron fields. These are the two essential ingredients required to produce steel, making
Glasgow an ideal place for industry. On top of this, there is a very deep, large river (R. Clyde)
running right into the heart of Glasgow and out the other side. This provoked heavy ship industry in
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This included Air, land and water polluting, derelict warehouses and churches, high levels of graffiti,
and also a large amount of traffic congestion. Some houses were in such a poor state, that they fell
down with people living in them, resulting in a number of tragic deaths.
The city had rapidly fallen into a state of 'inner city decay.'
The first step taken by the Councils was to carry out Comprehensive Redevelopment. This means
demolishing and rebuilding slums. Many slums were removed from areas such as Gorbals, and
roads new roads were also built to improve transport links. To re–house all of the people made
homeless from the demolishing of the slums, many cheap tower blocks were erected for people to
live in. However these came with their own set of new problems.
They were put up very rapidly, and so they were very badly built. They soon became damp, and
walls started to crumble, and furniture became ruined, and people ill. In extreme cases, the walls had
completely disintegrated. Families were also split up, or fragmented as a result of the relocations.
The tower blocks were also ugly, and it caused people, especially children to become housebound,

as it was very impractical for youngsters to go down to the bottom of a tower block on their own to
play. The tower blocks also brought with them crime, as they are extremely hard to police.
This city was

Disorderly Youth in Communities
Disorderly youth are big problems in most communities whether they are associated with gangs or
not. Problems consist of loitering, graffiti, property damage, vandalism, noise, cursing, fighting,
assaults, panhandling, shoplifting, underage drinking, drug dealing, etc. Some problems are only
highly annoying while other misconduct is full of hatred and violence. No matter the significance of
the problem is should be handled because if not small problems can turn into much bigger issues in
which will be harder to handle later on. Many problems with disorderly youth occur in shopping
malls, businesses, public parks, school grounds, convenience stores, and other common areas.
Gangs are very appealing to youth where gangs thrive because they fulfill the need for attention and
the need to belong. Identity can be gained in the gang culture along with friendships and the
closeness that lacks in a child's home. Gangs fulfill survival functions for youths by becoming
family and earning living through illicit activity. (Hess, 2011) There are many theories and methods
that can be used in the situation of disorderly youth.
The Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) believes if joining gangs is prevented early on, then
there will be no problems to deal with later on and therefore created three implications for efforts to
prevent youths in joining gangs. Prevention efforts should begin early, target youths exposed to
multiple risk factors, and address all facets of youths

Essay about Recycling Wealth in the Inner City
Recycling Wealth in the Inner City
INTRODUCTION
The modern story of developed areas is a move from the inner city to the suburbs. This
decentralization of metropolitan areas has left urban areas neglected. Such a transformation has had
negative consequences, because it has inherently meant the abandonment of those left behind in
urban centers. Furthermore, the issue is complicated by the fact that the distinction between those
moving to the suburbs and those left behind has been defined largely by race. As Kain notes,
"the means by which racial segregation in housing has been maintained are amply documented.
They are both legal and extra–legal; for example: racial covenants; racial zoning; violence or threats
of violence; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There must be efforts to counteract the movement towards the suburbs, and programs aimed at
rebuilding the inner city. Ideally, the end result might be transforming the inner city black ghettos
into thriving black business districts through investing and directing resources back towards urban
centers.
HISTORY
In terms of considering the potential for rebuilding the inner city and creating a thriving district of
concentrated black Americans, it is important to note that such an ideal is not as unprecedented as
one might be led to believe. .
A history of concentrations of Black economic activity would be incomplete without mention of
Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the once thriving African American business district that existed there. In the
early part of the 20th century, northern Tulsa was home to a 36–block district dubbed "Black Wall
Street" and while it was not actually a center for financial trading it was a prospering business
center. Tulsa was home to Black physicians, attorneys, and scholars. One doctor, for example, Dr.
Berry, owned the bus system and was known to make incomes of $500 a day. Unfortunately, the
success of Tulsa came to a dramatic halt when the aftermath of a race riot concluded with the area
even being bombed from the air by the National Guard (www.blackwallstreet.org).
A second "Black Wall Street" district arose in Durham, North Carolina by the

Why Do Civilizations Fall
Have you ever wondered why some of the biggest civilizations and societies fall, have you
wondered that this could be your society falling? To be a great civilization your citizens must fully
buy in to the government and trust them the [the people] also must not rebel at the government. You
must have an above average military to protect the land and the people.The government has to let
people be themselves also the people need to be free and not be treated as slaves. Every society has
to fall at some point it matters because it is impossible to be that perfect. This matters because if
another society relied on them for trade and the country fell they would not have that resource any
more. Great civilizations fall because of unreasonable ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Political corruption was a huge problem in ancient rome.Rome had almost zero consistency when it
comes to their leaders this was probably the main reason the rome empire fell.The people lost the
trust in their government because it was always moving parts and changing. The government has no
control over the people. "100 years, Rome had 37 different emperors – 25 of whom were removed
from office by assassination." If this stat was revealed about your country that is when you know
your country is in trouble because there is no consistency . This is a huge problem because your
government is what runs your country and if it is in corruption that means that the civilization will
most likely fall. We have political corruption happening in our government in the usa. The problem
with the usa is the people running to be the president is not the average people the candidates try to
make seem like the cana are. The candidates make you think that but they are really just rich people
who want to rule. In our country it costs over a stunning amount of money, 1 million dollars. If the
candidate are some normal person trying to run for president how would the candidate have a
million dollars. America is NOT a democracy even though the government wants you to think that
america is actually an oligarchy. "Now [the United States is] just an oligarchy, with unlimited
political bribery being the essence of getting the

Problems Faced By Toyota Massine
Q1..Possibly influencing discriminating parts such as reputation, image, mark equity, credibility,
publicity, monetary viability, legitimacy, Group standing, and so on. (Smudde, 2001). Done auto
business vehicle recalls happen constantly and all over. However, the Toyota massine recalls
indicate a different circumstance and includes All the more genuine results. We need seen that very
nearly 9 million for Toyota vehicles around the globe required should a chance to be recalled inside
a couple months, and the possibly faulty caliber included were principally concentrated ahead
unintended acceleration problems, which were nearly identified with the practically critical thing to
drivers – wellbeing crashing. It's Therefore hard should think that there might have been nothing off
for Toyota's "quality" autos. The huge recalls were Surely An catastrophe to Toyota: not main
implies that they needed to pay for the extensively budgetary misfortunes because of repairing costs,
business Furthermore stock impart dropping down, handling suspending, common penalty,
Furthermore different applicable liabilities for managing the troublesomeness issues; as well as it
need vigorously hit to Toyota's immaterial holding advantages – its brand picture Also notoriety for
quality, which bring been morally formed About whether (Fill, 2006; Dolphin, 2004) Also thus
impact the brand quality (Wang, 2005). In spite of the fact that swedish customers don 't fault Toyota
itself that significantly to

City Of God Reflection
Planning of any city is one of the most fundamental things to be considered before the development
of any city or regions. Through planning, economic and social development in any city can prosper
(Crane & Weber, 2015). Through films, a reflection of the structure and planning of the various
regions in the setting of the movie can easily be displayed. One of the outstanding planning and
structure of a city is displayed by the film city of God. The movie assists in exposing the social
networking within a planned community and the various ways in which restricting can be done after
the occurrence of a natural disaster. The movie reveals the consequences which might arise from the
poor organization as well as poor planning of any city. Some ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The cities in the world face similar challenges in terms of development, culture and social structures
found within them. The characters used in the film are true representatives of the people living in
cities because of the characters they display such as burglary and theft. Incorporating the film in
order to gain more insight on planning of cities and various regions is important in explaining the
development which can arise from such areas. This shows that the movie is essential in planning as
well as coming up with solutions on issues related to the development

Urbanisation : The Causes And Effects Of Urbanization In...
5)
Urbanisation is the phenomenon where the population of cities and town increases. It is because the
people move from rural areas to towns and cities expecting good job, and better life. There will be a
drastic change in socio economic, and climate change due to urbanisation. When the resource is not
efficiently used the population tend to settle in centralised, and compact informal areas of city and
town leading to creation of slums. It is often said that formation of slums is not expected with rapid
urbanisation; however presence of the slums in most of the developing countries that are rapidly
urbanising contradicts this statement.
Fast urbanization and thick slum population intensify the difficulties of giving access to safe water
and sanitation administrations. South Asia has seen a fast rise in urbanization, and around 35% of
India's population now lives in urban areas.( F. Giovannetti, Guidance note on urban resettlement:
Mumbai urban transport project) The greater part of the number of inhabitants in India's biggest city,
Mumbai, which is situated in the western state of Maharashtra, dwells in urban slums, despite the
fact that slums involve just around 8.75% of the city's land.( Justice H. Suresh, M. Kothari, K.
Fernandes et al., Bulldozing Rights: Report on the forced evictions and housing policies for the poor
in Mumbai) Of the roughly 12 million individuals in Mumbai, more than 6 million live in slums,
roughly 1 million live on the roads, and another 2

Effects Of School Segregation
With the advancement of thinking in the United States since the Jim Crow era, shouldn't school
segregation be a thing of the past? Well, this is an ongoing epidemic in the United States, and it has
a dangerous effect on the youth. School segregation rates are at an all time high, and the main reason
for this increase is residential segregation, or segregation of neighborhoods. Although school
segregation can be a result of economic policy, housing policies have a greater influence on
segregation. Many neighborhoods that are classified as low income, have a negative connotation
attached with them. This causes a difference in funding of schools located in those districts, and
those students end up paying the price. Many people see segregation as a largely economic issue,
because of the economic policies that are used to enforce residential segregation. some will say that
schools are a product of the neighborhoods they're in, and that is true, however many people use this
to base the reason for segregation solely on economics. For example, according to an NPR article
titled Why America's Schools Have A Money Problem by Cory Turner, he stated that areas with high
property taxes usually have a better school district, and on the other hand areas with low property
tax rates won't be able to fund expensive programs that wealthier white students have and many of
these schools rely on property taxes heavily for funding Also, some may say the lack of social
mobility is a result of

Advertisement Of The Urban Decay Advertisement Essay
Introduction: Due to its colorful, attention–grabbing images of lipstick and the text that appeals to
ethos and the desire for attention, the Urban Decay advertisement is successfully persuading women
to purchase the company's Vice Lipstick. What makes this advertisement so persuasive is that they
offer and show you the different shades the lipsticks comes in and they have Ruby Rose modeling it.
Visual Aesthetics: What caught my attention first was shady dark green eyeshadow,which made the
model green eye pop out more. The ad is of Ruby Rose and she is advertising Urban Decay Vice
lipstick. She is wearing the Pondemonium shade, which is similar to a dark purple or plum shade.
What caught my attention next was that there are 20 shades of lipstick that catches your eyes
starting from nude or natural colors, to vibrant colors as in bright orange or hot pink, which ends
with dark shades like grape purple and burgundy shade. I also noticed how her hair was pushed back
from her face, which makes the reader focus on her face more. In the foreground I noticed the Vice
Lipstick with the slogan "Too Much VICE Is Never Enough." The background is a light gray with a
hint of light shinning on her face to draw more attention to her lips. The information that is listed on
this advertisement is at the bottom left hand corner is the Urban Decay Vice Lipstick app, which lets
the reader experiment shades of lipstick on themselves. At the bottom right hand corner is a list of
the stores

Theme Of City Of God
Released in 2002, the movie "City of God" presents a number of key urban planning issues that a
developing country might experience. The film seeks to illuminate several ideas related to the
development of slums and the type of life associated with such areas, as well as urban crime and
gangs. This film clearly illuminates the issues associated with government or public housing and the
social networks that come up when people do not have a private space. The effects of limited living
space are increased crime and the development of local governments that run parallel to the legal
units set up in the country. A discussion of the urban planning issues arising from this film will
follow, in light of the issues raised by Suketu Mehta in the article ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Violence is one of the core themes associated with this film. In the City of God, many youths join
gangs from a very tender age. In fact, it is easy to identify which gang one is supposed to join,
depending on the side of the slum that one lives in. Further, this film shows that in the slums, armed
violence is extremely common. It is easy to acquire guns and other sophisticated weapons in this
city and almost everyone is armed; even children are armed. This has led to the increase in the
number of crimes in slum dwellings. As depicted in the film, boys chase after a chicken with guns,
which is a normal occurrence in the area. Mehta broaches this subject in her article when she
explicates a robbery scene, "I thought he was a beggar asking for money. Then I saw the gun, going
from my head to the cell phone" ( Mehta 2013). Gangs are also commonplace as illustrated in the
film through The Runts, one led by Li'l Ze, and another led by Carrot. These gangs operate freely in
the slum and are actually supported by the community. In fact, these gangs have taken over many
parts of Rio de Janeiro and the government has started pacification programs to get rid of them
(Mehta 2013). These efforts have been successful to some extent, but there still are many gang–led
slums in the

Fire Escape Code Summary
Fire Escape Codes Summary The paper I am doing an overview on is Fire Escape Codes In Historic
Buildings by Jeff T. Johnson. Johnson focuses on a town in Rhode Island called Pawtucket. In 1793,
America's first textile mill was built, but decades later there were 100 other mills constructed. By
the 1940's, most of these mills were abandoned and out of shape until Rhode Island passed it's
Historic Preservation Tac Credit. The reason for this shift in the 1940's was because after World War
II, textile mills moved south for cheaper labor. This then turned these old mills into residential
homes relying on adequate fire escapes. Then Johnson brings up Richard Moe who is the President
of the National Trust for Historic Preservation. He brings up ... Show more content on
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After events such as Chicago Fire 1871, San Francisco Earthquake and fire of 1906, and the
Triangle Shirtwaist fire of 1911 which had many deaths at each one, there was a change in codes
that became more rigorous in preventing deaths and injuries in fire emergencies. Then Johnson
states that John H. Lienhard the University of Houston's College of Engineering says that mid
nineteenth century buildings were not originally built for fire safety. It wasn't until after tragic events
happened that led to fire escape, fire escapes and fire safety in general. Then in 1968, New York
banned all exterior fire escapes for new building projects because interior stairwells were considered
safer. Then Johnson brings up Vincent J. Dunn who is a retired deputy chief with New York's fire
department. Dunn notes that there are only 200,000 fire escapes that remain in the city. Because of
age and poor maintence, fire escapes susceptible to rust, corrosion and collapse. Even with fire
escapes being banned or no longer mandated in new construction, they still exist as secondary
emergency exits in historic

Geog Essay
Critically examine the response of Hong Kong government to the housing problems of the urban
poor.
Introduction:
Hong Kong is a densely populated metropolitan so there are a lot of housing problems especially for
the urban poor. As the housing problems in Hong Kong such as the shortage of housing units are
getting more acute, it is worth making an in–depth analysis for the sake of gaining a deeper insight
of the responses of the government in housing problems.
I will focus on different measures and actions taken by Hong Kong government in 21th Century. All
data collected is based on library research and online research. There are three main responses after
the comprehensive research. The following are what Hong Kong government gives ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Table 1 indicates that the proportion of jobs to population in the New Territories is expected to
decrease from 17 per cent in 1991 to 26 per cent in 2006. As a result, building public rental housing,
in some extent can provide the urban poor with a safe housing unit in spite of the criticisms.
Table 1
Distribution of Population and Jobs from 1991–2006 (in million)
Broad region | 1991 | 1996 | 2001 | 2006 | | Pop | Jobs | Pop | Jobs | Pop | Jobs | Pop | Jobs | Metro |
3.95 (71%) | 2.30 (83%) | 4.04 (65%) | 2.43 (82%) | 3.99 (60%) | 2.45 (75%) | 4.24 (58%) | 2.70
(74%) | New Territories | 1.65 (29%) | 0.46 (17%) | 2.17 (35%) | 0.55 (18%) | 2.64 (40%) | 0.81
(25%) | 3.09 (42%) | 0.97 (26%) | Total | 5.60 (100%) | 2.76 (100%) | 6.21 (100%) | 2.98 (100%) |
6.63 (100%) | 3.26 (100%) | 7.33 (100%) | 3.67 (100%) |
Source: Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau, 1998
Apart from building the public housing units in order to meet the needs of the urban poor, the
government carries out urban renewal plans and new town development plans for the sake of coping
with the problem of the old and dilapidated buildings. Many inner cities such as Sham Shui Po and
Tsuen Wan are facing the problem of urban decay as the buildings are old and not safe for the poor

to live in so urban renewal is one of the means to deal with this problem. Li Rui (2003) states, 'urban
renewal is the complex of activities such as

Homelessness Is A Major Topic Affecting The United States...
Abstract Homelessness is a major topic affecting the United States and other parts of the world; it is
a very complex issue that affects the community from an economic and a social perspective
(Clapham). This paper will focus on how urbanization has played a role in the homeless population
and homelessness in general; we will also look at the recent reports that homelessness is on a slight
decline. We will propose ideas on what we can do to affect homelessness as well. Defining what
exactly it is to be homeless and the difference between homelessness and homeless was very
difficult to do as numerous sources gave very difference responses with categories and
subcategories. National statistical series contain title to no information on the homeless; the census
essentially only takes into consideration those with homes. Based on prior research primarily
conducted by Peter H. Rossi and James D. Wright along with several other sources, we are able to
propose several ideas to help reduce the amount of homelessness in the United States and other
countries along with more empirical data.
A lack of affordable housing has resulted in an inability to obtain adequate, appropriate, and
affordable housing; urban renewal applied federal funds to remove blighted areas. Many people live
from paycheck to paycheck just to put a roof over their head and are one paycheck away from
having no place to live. Huge expanses of houses were removed. Simply put, the housing need has
thus been an

Impacts of two UD in World City Essays
Task #1 : Analyse the impacts of at least two urban dynamics operating in a large city of the
developed world.
Sydney is a world city that currently has urban dynamics operating in it. Sydney is located on the
coast in the South–East quadrant of Australia. Urban Decay and Renewal is clearly evident in
Pyrmont – Ultimo, a suburb located with in a kilometre from the CBD. Rhodes , further to the north
west of Pyrmont, is also under going Urban Decay and Renewal. The silicon corridor is an area of
places where companies have decided to suburbanise some of their office blocks due to the cheaper
land. The corridor originates in North Sydney and goes in a north westerly direction from there,
passing through Chatswood and North Ryde The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The proximity to the CBD meant they could easily travel to and from their work in the CBD to
home and the second reason was that the type of work that attracted them was now in the Pyrmont
area. Crown Casino, Channel 7 and Google are a few companies that chose to relocate to the
Pyrmont area. The impacts of this renewal is it has lead to the area becoming a lot mote productive
which was done by the population growth and growth in jobs.
Another area currently going through urban decay and renewal is the Rhodes peninsula. The area
had been associated with Sydney's industrial history since the 1900's when in 1928 Timbrol, a
chemical making company, decided to relocate there. After then many more companies in a similar
industry decided to move there as well. The chemical era in Rhodes had stopped by the 1980's but
the land was unable to house residential apartments because of the contamination left by the
chemical plants, it therefore went into decay. This left a large spot of 23ha unable to be used for any
type of commercial, residential or industrial buildings. In the late 90's the area was recognised for its
potential and was fully redeveloped, getting rid of any chemicals that may have been there from the
factories. The result of the redevelopment has seen many more companies of a commercial type
want to have offices there. This increased the interest to live in the area, which therefore made
developers build many more high to mid density buildings in the

Increasing Poverty Among African Americans
In his discussion on poverty among African Americans, William Wilson has identified several
historical factors that have contributed to the increase in poverty levels in the recent years. Such
factors included, first, shift in the American economy from industrial to informational economy, thus
limited the labor poll to only highly specialized individuals; second, the historical flow of migrants,
and what it bring with it from competition over limited amount of resources; third, change in the
urban minority age structure, where individuals who are underage are the majority in both Hispanic
and African American poor communities, Fourth, population change in the inner city; and finally,
the class transformation of inner city, where middle class African Americans, have left the inner city
and moved towards other middle class neighborhoods, thus, leaving behind a concentration of poor
and underclass African Americans in inner cities all across the United States. Wilson argued that the
most important reason that helped in maintaining and increasing poverty among inner city African
Americans is middle class flees from the poor neighborhoods. Thus, first, limiting social capital, in
the form of strong and weak ties, for the poor and underclass youth population. Second, the middle
class flee triggered with it the flee of business, investments, economic development, functional
health and school systems; thus adding to the structural inequality which was already present in the
African

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