An interesting ppt on antianginal drugs and drug therapy of myocardial infarction with illustrations for better understanding of concepts and grasping facts...
An interesting ppt on antianginal drugs and drug therapy of myocardial infarction with illustrations for better understanding of concepts and grasping facts...
principle action of drugs,types of angina classification of drugs ,nitrates,calcium channel blockers pharmacological actions ,combination therapy and its sid effects
Inotropic agents, or inotropes, are medicines that change the force of your h...jagan _jaggi
An inotrope is an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
principle action of drugs,types of angina classification of drugs ,nitrates,calcium channel blockers pharmacological actions ,combination therapy and its sid effects
Inotropic agents, or inotropes, are medicines that change the force of your h...jagan _jaggi
An inotrope is an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions. Negatively inotropic agents weaken the force of muscular contractions. Positively inotropic agents increase the strength of muscular contraction.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Meaning, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Mor...The Lifesciences Magazine
Deep Leg Vein Thrombosis occurs when a blood clot forms in one or more of the deep veins in the legs. These clots can impede blood flow, leading to severe complications.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
Health Education on prevention of hypertensionRadhika kulvi
Hypertension is a chronic condition of concern due to its role in the causation of coronary heart diseases. Hypertension is a worldwide epidemic and important risk factor for coronary artery disease, stroke and renal diseases. Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the blood vessels and is sufficient to maintain tissue perfusion during activity and rest. Hypertension is sustained elevation of BP. In adults, HTN exists when systolic blood pressure is equal to or greater than 140mmHg or diastolic BP is equal to or greater than 90mmHg. The
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
The Importance of Community Nursing Care.pdfAD Healthcare
NDIS and Community 24/7 Nursing Care is a specific type of support that may be provided under the NDIS for individuals with complex medical needs who require ongoing nursing care in a community setting, such as their home or a supported accommodation facility.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
2. Cardiovascular System
• The cardiovascular system
consists of the heart, blood
vessels, and the
approximately 5 liters of
blood that the blood vessels
transport. Responsible for
transporting oxygen,
nutrients, hormones, and
cellular waste products
throughout the body, the
cardiovascular system is
powered by the body’s
hardest-working organ — the
heart, which is only about the
size of a closed fist.
4. CARDIOTONICS
• Cardiotonic agents are drug used to increase the
contractility and output in a hypo dynamic heart
without proportionate increase in 02 consumption
• Commonly used in the treatment of heart failure
(HF)
• Cardiotonic (inotropic) drugs affect the intracellular
calcium levels in the heart muscle, leading to
increased contractility.
• This increase in contraction strength leads to
increased cardiac output , which causes increased
renal blood flow and increased urine production.
6. used to treat heart and related conditions
Digoxin (Lanoxin) commonly used drug
The cardiac glycosides were originally derived
from digitalis purpurea (Common Foxglove)
7.
8. Digoxin increase intracellular calcium and allows more
calcium to enter myocardial cells during depolarization.
This results to:
1. Increased force of myocardial contraction ( a positive
intropic effect )
2. Increased cardiac output and renal perfusion.
3. Slowed heart rate, owing to slowing of the rate of
cellular repolarization ( a negative chronotropic
effect)
4. Decreased conduction velocity through the
atrioventricular (AV) node
10. Digoxin is available for oral and parenteral
administration.
Oral- 0.75- mg PO
IV-0.125-0.25 mg IV
Onset of action -30-120 minutes when take
orally, 5-30 minutes when given intravenously
11. A serious syndrome that can occur when
digoxin levels are too high
Normal level-0.5-2.0 ng/ml signs and symptoms
- anoreaxia, malaise, depression, irregular heart
rhythms including heart block, atrial
arrhythmias, and ventricular tachycardia.
Antidote- digoxin immune Fab (DigilFab)
12. This drug block the enzyme phosphodiesterase.
This blocking effect leads to an increase in
myocardial cell cyclic adenosine
monophosphate (cAMP), which increases
calcium levels in the cell.
13. Short-term treatment of HF that has not
responded to digoxin or diuretics alone or that
has had a poor responses to digoxin, diuretics,
and vasodilators .
14. Intravenous
(PRIMA OR IV 10Mg/ml inj) dose-50
microgram/kg iv bolus followed by 0.4-1.0
mirogram/kg min infusion
15. Hypersensivity to phosphosphodiesterase
inhibitors
Severe aortic or pulmonic vascular disease
Acute MI
16. Ventricular arrhythamias (which can progress
to fatal ventricular fibrillation), hypotension,
and chest pain
GI effects include nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
and abdominal pain
Thrombocytopenia occurs frequent with
milrinone
Precipitate from when these drugs are given in
solution with furosemide
17. • Anti-anginal drugs are used primarily to
restore the balance between the oxygen
supply and demand of the heart. These
drugs dilate the coronary vessels to increase
the flow of oxygen to the ischemic regions.
Other than that, they also decrease the
workload of the heart so the organ would
have less demand for oxygen.
18. It is a pain syndrome due to induction of an
adverse oxygen supply/demand situation in a
portion of myocardium.
Anti-anginal drugs are used to help restore the
appropriate supply-and-demand ratio in oxygen
delivery to the myocardium.
19. These drugs can work to improve blood delivery
to the heart muscle.
(1) by dilating blood vessels
(i.e.,increasing the supply of oxygen)
(2) by decreasing the work of the heart
(i.e.decrasing the demand for oxygen.)
20. NITRATES
a. Short acting nitrates
Eg: Glyceryl triniterate
(Nitroglycerine)
b. Long acting nitrates
Eg: Isosorbide dinitrate
(sorbitrate)
BETA-BLOCKERS
Eg: Atenelol, Propanalol
POTASSIUM CHANNEL
OPENERS
Eg: Nicorandil
CALCIUM CHANNEL
BLOCKERS
a. Phenly alkamine
Eg: verapamil
b. Benzothiapine
Eg: Diltiazem
c. Dihydropyridines
Eg: Nifidipine.
Amiodipine
21. Nitrates are drugs that act directly on smooth
muscle relaxation and to depress muscle tone.
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
Isosorbide mononitrate
nitriglycerin
22. The nitrates relax and dilate veins, arteries, and
capillaries, allowing increased blood flow
through the vessels and lowering systemic blood
pressure because of a drop in resistance.
Nitrates decreases the preload and afterload
23. LONG ACTNG NITRATES
Taken before chest pain begins in situation in
which exertion or stress can be anticipated for
prevention of angina in adults; taken daily for
management of chronic angina
SHORT ACTING NITRATES
Treatment of acute angina attack, prevention of
anginal attacks.
24. Isosoribide nitrate- 2.5-5mg SL
5-mg chewable tablet;
5-20 mg PO;
Nitroglycerin- 5 mcg/min via IV infusion
pump every 3-5 min;
0.4-mg metered dose sublingual, up to three
dose in 15 min for acute attack
25. Beta-adrenergic blocker are used to block the
stimulatory effects of the sympathetic nervous
system.
Eg- Atenelol
Propanalol
Metoprolol
26. The beta blockers competitively block beta-
adrenergic receptors in the heart and decreasing
the influence of the SNS on these tissue. The
results is a decrease in the excitability of the
heart, a decrease in cardiac oxygen
consumption, and a lowering of blood pressure.
27. Long-term management of angina pectoris.
To prevent reinfraction in stable patients 1 to 4
weeks after an MI
30. Calcium channel blockers inhibit the movement
of calcium ions across the membranes of
myocardial and arterial muscle cell, altering the
action potential and blocking muscle cell
contraction.
This will results lose of smooth muscle tone.
Vasodilation, and decreased peripheral resistance
occur
Decrease the preload and afterload which results
in decreases cardiac workload and oxygen
consumption
31. Treatment of:
Prinzmetal angina
Chronic angina
Effort associated angina
Hypertension.
Verapamil is also used to treat cardiac tachy
arrhythmias because it slows conduction more
than the other calcium channel blockers do.
32. Hypersensitivity
Pregnancy and location
Caution should be used with:
Hear block or sick sinus syndrome
Renal or hepatic dysfunction
Heart failure.
33. Potassium channel openers activates the ATP
sensitive potassium channels thereby
hyperpolarising the vascular smooth muscles.
This results in reduction in vascular tone
That will lead to a decrease in preload and
afterload
EG- Nicorandil
34. Prevention and long term treatment of chronic
stable angina pectoris.
Reduction in the risk of acute coronary
syndrome in patients in patients with chronic
with stable angina.
39. DIURETICS
• Drugs that increase the production of
urine.
• Loop Diuretics- they inhibit the sodium
and chloride reabsorption in the thick
segment of the ascending limb of the loop of
Henle as well as in the proximal convoluted
tubule and the distal diluting site.
40. • Thiazide Diuretics- these drugs are the firs-line
drugs used to manage essential hypertension
when drug therapy is needed.
• Potassium Sparing Diuretics- not as powerful
as the loop diuretics, but they retain potassium
instead of wasting it.