This document contains a summary of topics to be covered in a Spanish grammar book, including: 1. Present stem changers, irregular "yo" forms, and the difference between saber and conocer. 2. Reflexive verbs which require a reflexive pronoun and are identified by the "-se" suffix. 3. Impersonal "se" constructions and diphthongs are also mentioned as grammar topics to be covered.

1. Nolan Rinderknecht Mrs. Linares Spanish 3 1st Period Grammar Book

2. Present Stem Changers Irregular “Yo” Saber vs. Conocer Reflexives “Se” Impersonal Dipthongs Verbs like –ger/-gir, -cer/-cir Table of Contents

3. Present

4. Some stem changers include (e-ie) (o-ue) (e-i). The stem changes only happen in the boot forms: yo, tú, él, and ellos. Stem Changers

5. Some irregular “yo”s are: –go verbs, (g-j) (c-zc) (ver-veo) (saber-sé). These transformations only happen in the yo form. Irregular "Yo"

6. Saber vs. Conocer Saber means to know a fact or to know how to do something. It is often followed by an infinitive or a subordinate clause. Conocer means to know someone or to be familiar with someone, something, or somewhere. It can only be followed by the a direct object, never by an infinitive or a subordinate clause. Remember that if the direct object is a person, the preposition a must be used.

7. Reflexives Reflexive Verbs are verbs that require a reflexive pronoun when used. They can be identified by the –se suffix appended to the infinitive.

8. "Se" Impersonal

9. Dipthongs