Online Assignment

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ST. THOMAS TRAINING COLLEGE , MUKKOLAKKAL
THIRUVANANTHAPURAM.
ASSIGNMENT:
2013-2014
Name of Trainee: NISHA.B
Optional Subject: Mathematics
Reg.No: 13386004 Year: 2013-2014

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Topic:
Importance of Mathematics Textbooks,
Mathematics Work books, Mathematics
Handbooks, Learning Modules, Educational
Cds, Importance of Mathematics Websites.

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Introduction
Learning resources is a leading manufacturer of
innovative, hands on educational materials for classrooms. As the
Brand Teachers Trust our educational toys, games and learning aids
children to learn though play.
A number of learning resources such as textbook,
workbook, website, educational CD’s and learning modules have been
presented in details. The need and significance of each of this resource
has been dealt in this assignment.
Textbook in Mathematics
“Text book is the basic instrument of teaching” - Keating
In each school subject textbook is an essential
aid and has occupied a pivotal role in educating the children. A text
book helps in systematic teaching and learning. In a text book the
content organized in a systematic and specific manner. It gives direction
to the class work and helps in evaluating pupil’s progress. Thus a text
book is useful for both pupil & teacher. It influences the teaching
learning situations in a class room. So it can be said that, “As the text
book, so the teaching and learning undoubtedly reading is an impotent
means of communication and for the teacher’s oral presentation, the
text book is the most widely used teaching instrument.
Traditionally a text book of Mathematics has been
an unavoidable instrument in teaching learning process. There for, the
textbook are the keys of knowledge and considered almost
synonymous with schooling. According to the report of Kothari
commission,” The question of textbook is the most important and
urgent one for our country. Energetic on state and national basis is
required to progress the preparation of high quality school text-books.”

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Need and Importance of Mathematics
Textbooks
The mathematics text book is considered to be a
course of study organized according to a set plan and a learning guide
rather than a source book of information. In this support Hurl R.Duglas
has emphasized that,” In the analysis with great majority the textbook
is a potent determinant of what and how they will teach.” Barr and
Burton has also remarked that, the text book is probably the most
important tool in the country.
The place of text book of Mathematics can only
then be real if the mathematics teacher supplement in by his/her oral
exposition, by difference reading, and by all his/her illustration. Text
books should be followed carefully and intelligently and not slavishly. A
good text book saves the time of both the student and teacher. A good
text book probably is the cheapest and reliable source of information. It
also a reference book and teaching aid for the Mathematics teacher.
A mathematics text book is very useful for a teacher in the following
ways:
 A textbook is written according to the syllabus and gives the
outlines of the course. Therefore it helps the teacher to decide
about the limits and depth of the contents to be presented to the
students while teaching.
 A text book provides insight to the teacher in planning the lesson,
in selecting the problems to be worked out, the methods of
teaching to be adopted and the teaching aids to be used.
 A text book is written by experienced teachers of Mathematics by
using text book, a teacher of Mathematics, specially a beginner,
can avail the experience and expertise of the authors.

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 The logical and psychological sequence followed in a text book
helps the teacher in presenting the subject matter in an orderly
systematic sequence.
A text book is an important aid for learning Mathematics. It is useful
for the students in the following ways:
 The text book helps the pupils to relate, what they are
learning, to life.
 It helps to foster the right study attitude among the students
since the textbook presents definite and concrete details in a
scientific and intensive manner which could arouse the
student’s interest and curiosity
 The textbook provides important source of materials for
reviewing and recapitulating the lessons taught in the class.
 The textbook helps in prepreparation of the lesson and gets
the students acquainted with lessons to be taught.
 It encourages self-study and independent work among the
students.
 It supplements classroom learning and helps in the realization
of the objectives of Mathematics education.
Guidelines for Effective Use of Textbook
Though the Mathematics text book is an
indispensable tool for both the teacher and the pupil, a
teacher has to use certain discrimination and take precautions
while using it “Few tools have been so misused as textbooks in
teaching.” Many teachers follow them blindly. But a good
resourceful teacher of Mathematics will always seek ways and
means to adapt the material, the problems and exercises given in
the textbook to suit the previous knowledge level of

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achievement, power of comprehension and assimilation, and the
interest and attitude of his students.
The teacher, the taught and the examiner
become the slaves of the text book if the textbook decides for
the teacher his teaching, for the students his learning and for the
examiner his examining task. Instead the text book should be a
guide for the teacher, the student and the examiner in
successfully carrying out each one’s task.
The greater capacity, knowledge and
professional training and experience of the teacher, the less he
needs to depend on the text book. A textbook can be a good
reference book both for the teacher and the students and if used
in a proper way, textbooks would definitely prove quite useful
and helpful to the teachers and students.
Qualities of a Good Mathematics Textbook
A teacher of Mathematics, while selecting a text
book in mathematics, should look for certain qualities to be
found in a good text book.
The following are the qualities of a good text book in mathematics:
 The text book should be of least edition with necessary
modifications.
 The book should be moderately priced and readily
available in the market.
 It should be written by qualified experienced and
competent teachers of mathematics or a committee of
experts constituted by the state government.

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 The textbook should be written according to prescribed
syllabus and every aspect of the syllabus should be in
adequately covered
 It should be in accordance with the aims and objectives of
teaching mathematics in that particular class
 These should be sufficient provision for revision , practice
and review
 The text book should relate the classroom learning to the
real life needs and the physical and social environments of
the learners
 The contents of the textbook should have a direct ,
practical and social utility value
 The text book should stimulate the initiative and originality
of the students
 Oral mathematics should find its due place in the textbook
 The answers given at the end of each section should be
correct
 It should offer suggestions to improve study habits
 It should satisfy the demands of examination
The text book of Mathematics is an essential aid
has occupied a pivotal role in educating the children. It is
useful for both pupil and teacher. The text books are the keys
of knowledge and most influential instrument in determining
the subject matter
Workbooks in Mathematics
A workbook is a modification of the text
book and it is slowly coming into the mathematics
classrooms. A workbook should be written by an experienced
teacher with care and foresight

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Functions of a Workbook
A good workbook serves the following functions:
 It suggests appropriate activities and exercise in addition to what
the textbook does.
 It saves time for the students as they need not recopy the
problems and exercises from the textbook. It eliminates the
mistakes due to the wrong copying of numbers and digits.
 It facilitates uniformity in students work and facilitates easy
correction of their work.
 It serves as a supplementary teaching device.
 It provides opportunities for pupils to develop computation and
problem-solving skills.
 It provides activities and exercise in addition to the textbook
problems and exercise.
 Slow learners can learn at their own pace.
Characteristics of Workbook
A work book has the following characteristics:
 It should be written by experienced teachers of Mathematics.
 The author should clearly specify the educational outcomes
that he tries to bring about.
 A variety of well graded exercises should be provided for each
topic.
 Enough space should be provided in the book for working out
the problems.
 The exercises should cater to the individual differences and
individual needs.
 It can be made attractive and appealing by suitable illustrations
and diagrams.

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 Physical features of the book such as cover page , print, paper
and binding should be good.
 It should be reasonably priced.
 It should be easily available.
A textbook-cum-workbook, which is of
American origin, is gradually replacing the next book and work
book. It is cheaper and more comprehensive than a separate
textbook and work book. Since the textbook-cum-workbook is
authored by the same person, a better coordination and
integration of ideas is possible. However, it forfeits one advantage
of the text book namely the scope for resale and reuse because a
work book once used cannot be reused again.
Handbook in Mathematics
The teacher’s hand book is another
important tool which helps the teacher in the effective
dissemination of the curriculum. This helps the teachers in
planning and implementing the lessons and also in assessing
achievement corresponding to each lesson in the text book the
hand book contains a description of the concepts, skills and
attitudes the children are to acquire, the possible modes of
expression by the students, the process to be adopted any by the
social problems to the handled .It also includes details of the
activities. The hand book is to be seen as one of the many kinds of
support provided for teacher empowerment; it is not a collection
of information for the teacher.
Along with the handbook, the following are some of the other
devices for teacher empowerment
 Teacher training

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 Cluster meetings
 School subject groups/School resource group meetings
 Independent inquiries
 Class room experience
 On the spot support
 Reference books
 Collection of innovation
 Puzzles & games
 Lab activities
Learning Modules
Module – each of a set of standardized parts or independent
units that can be used to construct a more complex structure,
such as an item of furniture or a building .Modules carry a wide
variety of labels ,including ‘unipack ’ , ‘individualized learning
package’ and ‘learning activity package.
An instructional module is a self contained,
self sufficient unit of instructional for the learner to work on,
for achieving a set of pre-determined objectives .A module
contains three co-ordinate basic elements of instruction. There
are objectives learning activities and evaluation. A module can
be defined as “a set of learning activities intended to facilitate
the students” achievements on an objectives or a set of
objectives. Thus a module stands for a part or sub system of
the curriculum or instructional programme. An instructional
programme in which modules are being used may be said to
adopt the modular approach to instruction. Modular approach
is considered as an effective and economical way of developing
specific items of knowledge and skill with minimum

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authoritative direction and supervision by the teacher.
Modules can be prepared in different forms. A module can be
in written form or in the form of slides, tapes, pictures, etc.
Characteristics of the Modular approach
1. Each module is developed for a specific target population
of learners.
2. Modules are based on learning objectives started in
behavioral terms.
3. Each module is prepared based on a particular
methodology that will be quite appropriate to the
requirements of the learner.
4. Modules possess a sequence of key activities developed
on the basis of the selected objectives, content, learner
characteristics, and the nature of the discipline.
Advantages of the Modular approach
1. Learners can learn the subject matter according to one’s
own pace of learning.
2. Simple and interesting activities can be incorporated in
the module and it will enable the students to actively
participate in the learning process.
3. Monotony of routine instruction can be avoided.
4. Remedial programme can be effectively implemented for
the benefit of individual learners
Disadvantages of the Modular approach
1. Lack of proper guidance in using the module may spoil
the true spirit of the approach.

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2. The modular approach is likely to minimize the services
given by teachers, which may lead to different
emotional problems among the children.
3. Preparation of effective modules for all topics is a
difficult task.
Sample Module
Subject: Mathematics standard: 8
Topic: Algebra
After going through this module, we will be able to:
1. Understand the facts & concepts of algebra
2. Analyses the algebraic expression
3. Develop the skill of computation
We have learned about algebraic expressions. Can you write down the
algebraic expressions?
Activity 1
1.
2.
3.
4.
That is a number when added to itself is equal to double the
number and so in algebra, the addition can be written as 푥 + 푥 and
the sum as 2푥.
We can expand the algebraic expression,
(푥 + 푦) = 푥푧 + 푦푧 푓표푟 푎푙푙 푥, 푦
For all numbers 푥, 푦, 푢, 푣

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(푥 + 푦)(푢 + 푣) = 푥푢 + 푥푣 + 푦푢 + 푦푣.
Find the product,
(8 + 6)(10 + 5) = (8 ∗ 10) + (8 ∗ 5) + (6 ∗ 10) + (6 ∗ 5)
= 210
Activity 2
Find the product of the following expressions:
1. (푝 + 푞)(2푚 + 3푛) =
2. (4푥 + 3푦)(2푎 + 3푏) =
3. (4푎 + 2푏)(5푐 + 3푑) =
Now we are going to discuss about the product of the negative
numbers.
(푥 − 푦)(푢 − 푣) = 푥푢 + 푥(−푣) + (−푦)푢 + (−푦)(−푣)
= 푥푢 − 푥푣 − 푦푢 + 푦푣.
Activity 3
1. (푥 + 3푦)(2푎 − 푏) =
2. (3푥 + 5)(3푚 − 2푛) =
3. (2푟 − 3푠)(푡 − 푢) =
Next we are going to discuss about the square of the algebraic
expression.
(푥 + 푦)2 = 푥 2 + 푥푦 + 푥푦 + 푦2
= 푥 2 + 2푥푦 + 푦2
Activity 4
1. 2푥 + 3푦 =
2. 푥 + 2 =
3. 2푥 + 1 =

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Check progress of the students:
Questions
1. Find the product (3푎 + 2푏)(푥 + 2푦) =
2. (2푝 + 5푞)(3푟 − 4푠) =
3. 퐹푖푛푑 푡ℎ푒 푠푞푢푎푟푒 푥 + 3.
Key to the questions.
1. 3푎푥 + 6푎푦 + 2푏푥 + 4푏푦.
2. 6푝푟 − 8푝 + 15푞푟 − 20푞푠.
3. (푥 + 푦)2 = 푥 2 + 6푥 + 9.
Importance of Educational CD’S
A study of the effectiveness of educational CD in self
learning of Modern Physics by using an Educational CD which is created
by the teacher. The importance of education for the proper functioning
of democracy and socio economic. The objectives of the educational CD
are to offer to other. CD-Rom technology allows the compilation of
immense amounts of text, illustrations, audio and with equally
important implications, audio and with equally important implications
for education and research, computers now provide access to digital
audio Educational CD- Audio Engineering society .This new educational
CD, produced by the AES technical committee on signal processing and
other new corners who must try to understand the relevance and
relative importance of various signal.

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Geometry related software such as Dr. Geo
[Drawing Geometry] and kig are included in the IT@SCHOOL GNU/Linux
CD-ROM. All teacher would be given subject based IT training. Together
with this a CD-ROM containing some games, applications & website
URL which helps Mathematics education at the UP level, will be sent to
the schools along with the hand book. Try to Use this CD to make
mathematics learning more interesting opportunities for all children to
use it in the computer lab would help them acquire IT skills along with
Mathematics skills.
Examples of educational cds are
1. INR 99 PRE School 1
2 .INR 99 PRE School 2
3. INR 99 PRE Rhymes
4. INR 299 CBSE Mathematics class 8
5. IDaa CBSE Mathematics class 2 Educational CD
6. IDaa CBSE Mathematics class 3 Maths Activity Educational CD
7. IDaa CBSE class 4 Maths Activity Educational CD
8. S.Chand’s Educational CD-ROM Mathematics class 1
9. S. Chand,s educational CD-ROM Mathematics class 6
10. Chand’s Educational CD-ROM Mathematics class 8

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Importance of websites
A website is collection of pages representing a
company, business or simply in idea on the World Wide Web.
Increasing visibility is one major factor that makes having a website
important. A website will broaden your base of customers member’s
distributors etc.
A brief description of the websites which will be useful
to teachers and students in education are detailed below:
Ask ERIC Virtual Library: Site address is http://www.askeric.org. . The
Educational Resources Information Center [ERIC] has long been a
provider of education related to resources.
Academic This week: Academic this week is an online portion of the
chronicle of Higher education. We can find job postings a table of
contents, events in academe, portions of the statistical almanac,
bestselling books on college campuses and more form this standard
resource.
Learning Research and development center
The LRDC at the University of Pittsburgh is a national center
for education research. Descriptions of project , programs scientists
,departments and service are available on their web page along with
connections to other related internet organizations and resources
http://www.Irdc.pitt.edu.
Scholastic Internet Center: It has been a leading publisher in the field of
education. The scholastic internet center provides a catalog and
ordering mechanism for those books plus hundreds of other
educational books and materials listed in their Ultimate Education store
Directory. The site address is www.http://scholastic.co.

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A number of sites are available where teachers can
locate vast amounts of information of special interest to them. It
provides curriculum based lesson plans, activity guides, and research,
the full text is presented on-line; for other sources catalog entries are
presented. The centre also offers electronics newsletters and the
scholastic Network, an interactive online service for students and
teachers.
World Wide Web Virtual Library Education
Page: The site address is
www.http://life.anu.edu.au/education/library.html.journals; lectures
and tutorials, books, software, major education sites and networks and
specialized sources in education are hyper textually linked on this page.
Mathematics Web sites:
www.c3.lant.gov:80/mega-math/nasa-online-megaMath
www.chaos.umd.edu/gallery.html
-works of modern art created by the chaotic dynamics of
mathematics. Physics and other sciences.
www.eurekalert.org
-Gateway to Science Medicine and Technology news.

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References
1. Dr.James Anice (2005).”Teaching of Mathematics.” Hyderabad:
Neelkamal Publication pvt.LTD.
2. Kulshrestha Arun Kumar (2003).”Teaching of Mathematics”. Delhi:
3. C.Naseema (2004)”From Black Board to the web”. Newdelhi-110002:
Kanishka Publishers Distributors.
4. En. Wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital text book.
5. www.learning resources.com
6. www.discovery education.com/administrative.
7. www.lgbthea/theeducation.org/training.
8. www.academia.edu/1171395.
9. www.superwebanalyst.net/importace of website.
10. Government of Kerala Department of Education. 2011.
Teacher’s Handbook of Mathematics State council of Education
Research and Training.

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