This document provides guidance on critical security areas for cloud computing. It introduces the guidance and explains that each domain focuses on a specific aspect of cloud security. The guidance is organized into three sections: foundation, cloud-specific issues, and operating in the cloud. Some key domains covered include governance and enterprise risk management, legal issues, compliance and audit management, and interoperability and portability. The guidance aims to help organizations address security risks and requirements to safely operate in the cloud.

1. Adaptation vs. Standardization in International Marketing...
Innovative Marketing, Volume 3, Issue 4, 2007
Demetris Vrontis (Cyprus), Alkis Thrassou (Cyprus)
Adaptation vs. standardization in international marketing – the country–of–origin effect
Abstract
The literature on international marketing presents a confrontation between two mainstream schools of thought regarding
international marketing. The one supports the standardization approach and argues that multinational companies' behavior
should be uniform to minimize total costs and promote a global corporate image. The other argues for the need for adaptation
to fit the unique dimensions of each local market. This research investigates companies' practical level of adaptation and
standardization in international markets. It identifies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This confusion, change, and complexity are even greater within the international world–wide marketing environment. The
debate over the amount or extent of standardisation or adaptation is of long duration. Vrontis and Vignali (1999) comment that
the debate on this came under discussion as early as 1961, with Elinder (1961) considering the idea with regard to world wide
advertising. The early sixties first coined the term 'global village' that was further discussed by Roostal (1963) and Fatt (1964).
Buzzell (1968) widened the debate by stating that it would encompass not just advertising, but the whole of the marketing mix.
Buzzel (1968) argues that in the past, dissimilarities among nations have led a multinational company to view and design its
marketing planning in each country strictly as a local problem. However, the situation has changed, and the experiences of a
growing number of multinational companies suggest that there are 7
Innovative Marketing, Volume 3, Issue 4, 2007
real potential gains to consider when contemplating to standardize the marketing mix elements. Supporters of standardization
believe that consumers' needs, wants and requirements do not vary across various markets and countries. They believe that the
world is becoming increasingly more similar in both environmental and customer requirements, and no matter where they are
consumers have the same demands. As they argue, standardization of the
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3. International Marketing Tactics Has Long Time
Introduction
1. Literature Review
The literature on international marketing tactics debates two significant points of view. Some researchers support the
international standardization approach argue same marketing strategy, and international markets should use a standardisation
marketing mix for reduce total costs and promote a global enterprise image. The companies should use a single entity selling
the same items everywhere in the same way (Levitt,1983). On the other hand, some researchers support the marketing
adaptation to fit the unique dimensions of each local market. Jeannet (2003) states that the trend towards of international needs
should not use standardized international in marketing activities. Because international marketing ... Show more content on
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These led local consumers have different demand for goods.
Until today, international marketers have been challenging whether to "standardise" or "adapt" their marketing strategies
(Rosenbloom, B., T, Larsen & S. Metha , 1997). Evidently, the debate on adaptation and standardisation is a huge one. Prahald
et al (1986) and Douglas et al (1987) argue that the international marketers should have to find the balance point between
standardisation and adaptation.They believe that the decision on standardisation or adaptation is not a dichotomous one
between complete standardisation and adaptation. Recently years,Quelch &Hoff (1986), Akaah (1991) Wang (1996) and
Vrontis ( 1999) have a certain consensus has emerged which acknowledge that Standardisation and Adaptation is co–existing.
2 Standardisation and adaptation marketing strategy of Shiseido in China and UK.
Shiseido based in Tokyo. The company specialise in cosmetics and toiletries while also producing pharmaceuticals, foodstuffs,
fine chemicals and fashion goods for the Japanese market. Shiseido has seven different product line and 15 main brand names.
Different brand serves different level of market (Marketline,2015). Shiseido is the ninth–ranked beauty and personal care
(BPC) seller on the world except Latin America (Passport,2015). In December 2014, the company announced the launch of
Vision 2020, a significant strategic overhaul achieve group sales to Â¥1 trillion (US$8.1 billion) by 2020 – reported
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5. Social Identity And Career Choice Essay
TO WHAT EXTENT DOES SOCIAL IDENTITY DETERMINE JOB CHOICE
The literature review focuses on the collection of secondary data on the research topic, which is the extent to which social
identity determines job choice. The literature review is conducted under three major themes, which act as the pivotal basis for
constructing theoretical meaning to the larger research problem.
The Social Identity Theory
Studies on social identity have been dated back to centuries. According to Heckman (2006) the reason social identity studies
remain very important to academicians and professionals is for the fact that all people are social being and that at every point
in time, it is important to find the impact of the social system on an individual. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In most of these literatures, factor analysis has been used with emphasis on non–pecuniary identity payoffs (Wolfe and
Haveman, 2003). The bowl of contention has however often been factors that most align with social identity, where two major
factors namely career orientation and social orientation has been debated. Stets and Burke (2000) noted that career orientation
factors are those social identity variables that makes a person becomes concerned about career outcomes that match well with
their social beliefs, principles and expectations. For such people whose emphasis is on career orientation, they would want the
career choices they are making to give them the fullest assurance of protecting their social identities and satisfying their social
ambitions (Hoff and Priyanka, 2006). There is another school of thought who have emphasised on social orientation in the
search for a model for career choice and identity. From the perspective of these reviewers, social identity is stronger than
career expectations and so at any point while entering a career, a person would look at his personal ability for his social status
to fit into the career that is being pursued, rather than want the career to fit social ability (Wolfe and Haveman, 2003). But
quite interestingly, both sides of the argument approached from career orientation and social orientation end up with
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7. Managing the International Value Chain in the Automotive...
Managing the International Value Chain in the Automotive Industry
Strategy, Structure, and Culture
Stefan Schmid, Philipp Grosche
Table of contents
Foreword Authors Acknowledgments International value chains: Current trends and future needs, as exemplified by the
automotive industry 1. Internationalizationofthevaluechainintheautomotiveindustry 2.
Configurationandcoordinationascrucialdimensionsinshapinginternational valuechains 3.
Bestpracticesandoptionsformanagingtheinternationalvaluechain Glocal value creation in the Volkswagen
Group: Moving toward greater decentralization of production and development 1.
TheVolkswagenGroup'snewglobalstrategy 2. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
areshowing alarmingweakness,havingrestedfortoolong
onthelaurelsoftheirearliersuccessesandfailingtorecognizechangesthatweretakingplace
inthemarket.
solelybysuchfactorsascost–
savingproduction,leanprocessdesignorinnovativecapacity.Inordertoprofitfromtheglobalmarket,a
companymustbeabletocreateandmanagean internationalvaluenetworkanddelegatevalue
functionstothepropersites.Thisappliesto salesandprocurementaswellastolaborand
capitalmarkets. Despitepredictionsthatglobalizationwouldlead
toahomogeneousworldmarketwithbarelydifferentiatedproducts,ithasbecomeclearthat
culturaldifferencesstillplayamajorrolein
customers'purchasingdecisionsandinthecommitmentofacompany'semployees.Moreover,
therearesubstantialdifferencesintheproductionandquality–relatedprocessesneededinthe
emergingmarketsrelativetotheindustrialized
countries,andthisaffectseverythingfromproductuse,pricinganddevelopmentpotentialto
distributionandcommunicationschannels.
StefanieSohm
Project manager
6
Today,thechallengeforacompanycompeting ontheinternationalstageistoadjustquicklyto
localcircumstanceswhilesimultaneouslyintegratingitsdivisionsandsitesworldwide,based
onidenticalprinciplesandasharedunderstandingofthecompany'spurposeandobjectives.
Integratingthevarioussitesintocorporate
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9. The Truth About Pancreatic Cancer Essay
1.1 Pancreatic cancer
Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease that is ranked fourth among cancer–related deaths in Norway. 31 Yearly 600–650
new cases are detected, corresponding to 7 per 100 000 inhabitant. The survival rate five years after diagnosis is very low, at
only 5 %. 19 Approximately 90 % of patients diagnosed with advanced pancreatic cancer survive less than one year, with a
median survival of 5–6 months. The high mortality rate is connected to late diagnosis, early metastasis and poor response to
chemo– and radiotherapy. 34 Pancreatic cancer can be inherited, but 90 % of cases are considered sporadic. 19 The major
histological type of pancreatic cancer is ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma which account for 80 % of the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
3, 19
Evidence shows that some families have increased risk of pancreatic cancer, implying a genetic contribution. 28 The genetic
base for this increased risk has not been identified yet, but mutations in BRCA2 and PALB2, among others, are associated with
greater risk of disease 37. Only 5–10 % of patients have a family history of the disease. 19 It has been shown that in families
with four or more cases of pancreatic cancer the risk of disease is 57 times higher than in families with no history of disease.
19
1.1.2 Stage and diagnostics
Pancreatic cancer tumors are staged according to tumor–node–metastasis (TNM) classifications of the American Joint
Committee on Cancer (AJCC). The staging of tumors is based on tumor size and localization, and connected to resectability.
19 Further staging reflect whether lymph node metastasis (N stage) or distant metastasis (M stage) are present. Tumor stage,
nodal stage and distant metastasis are combined into stages which tell about the overall disease. See Table 1 for complete
overview of this staging strategy. 19
Table 1 Explanation of TNM classification of the AJCC for pancreatic cancer
Stage Tumor stage Node metastasis Distant metastasis Characteristics
IA T1 N0 M0 The tumor is limited to the pancreas, with a size smaller than 2 cm.
IB T2 N0 M0 The tumor is limited to the pancreas, with a size larger than 2 cm.
IIA T3 N0 M0 The
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11. Biography Of Jacobus Henricus Van 't Hoff
Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff, a Dutch physical and organic chemist, was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands on August 30, 1852.
Out of a family of seven children Jacobus was the third child. As a student of a private school, he was interested in nature,
science, and mathematics.
In 1869 he attended Delft Polytechnic Institute, and thus received his technology degree two years later. Desiring not to be a
technology professor, van't Hoff decided to focus his study on chemistry and pursue a scientific career. Against his father's
wishes, van't Hoff he enrolled at University of Leiden to study chemistry. From the Netherlands he journeyed to Bonn,
Germany to work with A.F. Kekule, and then to Paris for further study. After studying in Leiden, Netherlands and working
with A.F. Kekule in Bonn, Germany, van't Hoff returned to Holland, Netherland in 1874 to obtain his Doctors Degree under
Eduard Mulder at the University of Utrecht.
In 1876 van't Hoff was the Veterinary Professor at the Veterinary College at Utrecht University. After one year of being a
Veterinary professor at the University of Amsterdam, he was appointed lecturer in theoretical and physical chemistry. He was
the University of Amsterdam their Professor of Chemistry, Mineralogy, and Geology. While at the University of Amsterdam he
conducted the studies of reaction rates, chemical equilibrium, chemical affinity, and osmotic pressures that helped found the
discipline of physical chemistry. He held this position
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13. Influencing Factors for the Selection of Mobile Phone...
African Journal of Business Management Vol.4 (13), pp. 2885–2898, 4 October, 2010 Available online at
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJBM ISSN 1993–8233 ©2010 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Exploring
influencing factors for the selection of mobile phone service providers: A structural equational modeling (SEM) approach on
Malaysian consumers Sabbir Rahman1, Ahasanul Haque1* and Mohd Ismail Sayyed Ahmad2 1 Faculty of Economics and
Management Sciences, International Islamic University, Malaysia, Box No. 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2 Graduate
School of Management, International Islamic University, Malaysia, Box No. 10, 50728 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Accepted 26
August, 2010 The aim of this paper is to assess ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Now Government of Malaysia plans to have a telephony penetration rate of 50% for the whole country and 25% for the rural
areas by year 2020 (State of Hawaii Government, 2002). Scrutinizing the background of Malaysian telecommunication sector,
competition can be seen as main factor by the telecommunication service provider companies. Companies like Sapura Digital
Sdn. Bhd., Celcom and Mobikom Berhad have gone through a market evaluation stating the fact that their companies either
should be merged with giant and more competitive companies or to be gone through potential bankruptcies. This reflects a fact
as how the market is being penetrated and flooded by the competitors. Only Telekom Malaysia (TM) Sdn. Bhd., with its TM
Touch services has managed to maintain its credible presence in the industry. TM has been ranked as one of the leading
telecommunication service providers in the entire Asia with significant investments in overseas. Beside TM, three other major
companies have been operating in Malaysia namely Celcom, Digi and Maxis. These three service providers usually cover the
following segments of the Malaysian telecommunication market traditional telecommunications, IP services, wireless and
mobile markets and technologies, broadband markets and technologies. They also provide most sophisticated mobile services
with an expanding number of value added services such as Short Message Service (SMS), Wireless Application Protocol
(WAP), Subscription Services (SS),
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15. Cloud Computing Security
SECURITY GUIDANCE FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN CLOUD COMPUTING V3.0 SECURITY GUIDANCE
FOR CRITICAL AREAS OF FOCUS IN CLOUD COMPUTING V3.0 INTRODUCTION The guidance provided herein is
the third version of the Cloud Security Alliance document, Security Guidance for Critical Areas of Focus in Cloud
Computing, which was originally released in April 2009. The permanent archive locations for these documents are:
http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v3.0.pdf (this document)
http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v2.1.pdf (version 2 guidance)
http://www.cloudsecurityalliance.org/guidance/csaguide.v1.0.pdf (version 1 guidance) In a departure from the second version
of our guidance, each domain was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
45 Domain 5: Information Management and Data Security ..................................................................................................... 50
Domain 6: Interoperability and Portability .......................................................................................................................... 64
Section III. Operating in the Cloud ...................................................................................................................................... 73
Domain 7: Traditional Security, Business Continuity, and Disaster Recovery ..................................................................... 74
Domain 8: Data Center Operations ...................................................................................................................................... 89
Domain 9: Incident Response .............................................................................................................................................. 93
Domain 10: Application Security ........................................................................................................................................ 103
Domain 11: Encryption and Key Management .................................................................................................................. 129
Domain 12: Identity, Entitlement, and Access Management
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17. Experiment 4 Coligative Properties Experiment
CH 204 – Introduction to Chemical Practice
Experiment 4 – Colligative Properties
Mia Chu*
Rylee Trotter
TA: Grace He
October 9, 2017
INTRODUCTION Solutions are formed by mixing a solute in a solvent. A unique characteristic of solutions is that they have
colligative properties, which can be defined as properties that solely depend on the solute's concentration of molecules, not the
identity of the solute. Colligative properties include reducing the vapor pressure, elevating the boiling point, depressing the
freezing point, and osmotic pressure.1 In this particular experiment, the colligative property freezing point depression will be
focused on. Freezing point depression was discovered by a French chemist named Francois–Marie Raoult. Raoult found that
adding a solute to a solvent resulted in an overall decrease in the freezing point temperature of the solvent.2 Calculations
involved in this experiment include two basic equations. One equation will calculate molality, and the other will calculate the
change in freezing point temperature using the freezing point depression constant, the solution's molality, and the van't Hoff
factor. The van't Hoff factor is determined by finding the number of ions that a compound will dissociate into. In this
experiment, freezing point depression will be utilized to determine the molecular weights and identities of two unknown
compounds. EXPERIMENTAL In Part A of the experiment, the freezing point depression of deionized water, the solvent, was
monitored and analyzed. First, a cold bath was prepared by filling a beaker full of ice, and adding around 20 g of rock salt and
20 mL of water until the temperature was between –10C and –15C. The LabQuest and corresponding temperature probe was
then prepared. 20 mL of deionized water was added to a glass vial, and the temperature probe was then added to the vial. The
vial was lowered and submerged into the ice bath while the LabQuest collected temperature readings. The vial was removed
from the ice bath once the readings stabilized after around twenty minutes. Part B involved monitoring and analyzing the
freezing point depression of an unknown ionic solid, the identity of the solid being either NaCl or KI. Unknown #1 was
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