Benefits And Issues Surrounding The Uks Decision For...

Benefits And Issues Surrounding The Uks Decision For...
Aim This report will look at the benefits and issues surrounding the UKs decision to remain as a member state of the European Union (E.U.). Along
with the newly elected conservative government, came the announcement that a nationwide referendum would be held, by the end of 2017, in order
to determine the British public's stance on the issue of EU membership. Abstract This report will look at the benefits and issues surrounding the UKs
decision to remain as a member state of the E.U. It will consider the pros and cons of membership, and the various viewpoints of those who remain in
the E.U. and those who wish to exit from it. The report will conclude with a comprehensive discussion of results and findings. Method The report will
be carried out using Web resources, the NRC Library and Ebary. Introduction In 2013 Cameron announced that if the conservatives won a parliamentary
majority they would hold an in–out referendum by the end of 2017, this announcement has given rise to discussions and criticisms from politicians,
academics and key theorists. Since election to power Prime Minister, David Cameron, has embarked on a renegotiation mission in an attempt to
improve public opinion of union membership. Mr Cameron has highlighted four key areas in which he is seeking reform. These areas are: "Welfare
changes for immigrants" wherein he would ban new arrivals to the U.K. from claiming benefits such as tax credits and social housing until they have
been in the U.K. for
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Uk Referendum Essay
The results of the 2016 UK referendum was a surprise to the rest of the world, but there are definitely factors that made this a predictable result. At
first glance, one might assume that economics were the main contributing factor to the people's discontent of membership in the EU. But as I
researched, I found that politics in the UK and the EU had a far greater impact on the feelings of Brits. However, some important economic factors still
exist. The European Union's economy, despite being one of the largest in the world; very comparable to the size of the economy of the United States,
does not provide a great benefit to the UK. Both the economies of the UK and of the EU are less than ideal for the respective nations, but ... Show more
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As Germany is, after the UK and possibly France, the most influential nation in the EU, its interests will be well represented and therefore the UK does
not need to worry about their ease–of–trade with mainland Europe being hindered. Economically, the United Kingdom has nothing to lose, and
everything to gain, by forfeiting their membership in the EU. As was mentioned earlier, as important as economics are to understanding this situation,
their importance is nowhere near as fundamental to the outcome of the referendum as are the effects of modern European politics. The modern world
has recently seen a sharp rise of populism. The citizens of today's first world nations do not trust their government and its politicians. Populism is "The
support for the concerns of ordinary people"[10]. People distrust mainstream politicians that have history in federal government. A wonderful example
of this new political tendency, other than the positive vote for brexit, is the election of Donald Trump as president of the United States of America.
Midway through the election season a popular US news source predicted that Trump had less than a 5% chance of winning the election[11]. However,
this source did not take into account the negative feelings of the American voting public toward mainstream politicians, such as Trump's opponent
Hillary Clinton. Analysts believe that the same phenomenon of populism that elected Trump can also explain the

United States And International Asylum System
The principles of protection stated under Article 33(1) of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees requires refugees to gain access to a
state's territory in order to exercise their rights to claim asylum. In order to deter asylum seekers, EU Member States have begun adopting restrictive
national asylum systems. National asylum systems undermine burden–sharing initiatives due to regional differences. National policy harmonization is
an approach to achieve a more equitable distribution of burdens among Member States, but the lack of cooperation between entry–point states, transit
states, and destination states has resulted in policies committed to deterring refugees and asylum seekers, rather than aimed at their protection.... Show
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In 2015, hot spot relocation centres were set up in high concentration regions in order to assist with registration, identification, fingerprinting and to
debrief asylum seekers (Hassell 2). Asylum systems in entry–point states have become overwhelmed to the point where it has affected receptions and
processing conditions. The number of arrivals coupled with a lack of existing mechanisms to mitigate resources has led to a deterioration of conditions
in these regions (Hassell 8). Entry–point states desire EU burden–sharing mechanisms in order to alleviate the strain that migrants place on state
systems. Member States that are not in the direct path for receiving and hosting migrants do not want to contribute to this burden, especially when they
have nothing to gain. Regrettably, there is an exception to the Dublin Regulation; Dublin transfers enable asylum seekers who move on to other
countries after being registered to be sent back to the responsible entry–point state to be processed. Dublin transfers increase pressures on entry–point
states in terms of hosting more asylum–seekers. Germany has recently dismissed the Dublin Regulation and has continued to process asylum
applications, regardless of the applicant's entry–state. Dublin transfers are similar to the concept of non–refoulement, in which states are not to expel or
send back (refouler) refugees to countries where their 'life or liberty' would

A Research On European Banking Regulations And Their...
The following paper attempts to address the need for future research as mentioned in part A. European Banks are not required to hold a capital buffer
against the sovereign debt holding of any European state, regardless of the risk involved. As a result European governments had issued excessive debt,
taking advantage of a sovereign subsidy of other EU member states in the form of the 0–risk–weight for their MFI. If such a risk finally materialises,
MFI will be left undercapitalised because they do not hold a capital buffer for their sovereign exposure. Therefore 0 risk represents a channel, through
which sovereign risk can extend to any EU member state. Thus, the focus of the paper is to develop a new measure that quantifies the banks' risk...
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To support Korte and Steffen's empirical analysis there are Bolton and Jeanne (2011), who argue how financial integration may lead to ex post
contagion and oversupply of "risky" sovereign debt. Further, Acharya et al. (2014) develop a model, which sees banks overleveraged because they
invest too much in low risk–weighted instead of diversifying the risk. Korte and Steffen build on this model to develop their hypothesis for the
research paper. Korte and Steffen incorporate two streams of literature, which are important to give evidence on how risk weight regulation impairs
financial stability in the Eurozone. The first stream focuses on both determinants and interdependence of sovereign risk. These are Duffie et al. (2003);
Bolton and Jeanne (2011); Barth et al. (2012); Acharya, Drechsler, and Schnabl (2014). Examples are: Ang and Longstaff (2013), evaluates the
co–movement of sovereign default risk. Chen (2013), finds that financial linkages likely provide a channel for sovereign risk spillovers. Kallestrup et
al (2013), evaluates how banking sector variables, such as cross–border exposure amplify the effect, that non–domestic sovereign has on domestic
sovereign risk. The second stream of literature, evaluates the

The Middle East
Bahauddin Foizee :The Middle East, especially the West Asian region, is the most volatile region in the world. The major reason of such regional
instability is the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran. One of these two rivals, Iran, has been suffering from a weak economy for decades because
of the economic sanctions that are imposed on it by the International community for quite a long now. However, on 14th July, 2015, a deal was signed
between Iran and the UNSC 5 plus 1 (Britain, China, France, Germany, Russia and the U.S.) on the Iran–nuclear–programme, creating a scope for the
long–drawn economic sanctions to be lifted. The deal requires Iran to limit its nuclear usage; and in return, years–long sanctions are promised to be
lifted from Iran.Why did the US agree to sign the deal?The US has signed an important deal with Iran; the same Iran on which the US has kept its
sanctions imposed for more than three decades. Why did such sudden change happen in the U.S. 's 'Iran policy '?The US is no other nation state. It 's
an ideological state, whose ideology is core capitalism. A core capitalist state like the US would not step away from its firm stand unless it benefits
from such move in multiple ways and in great quantities. It seems the following factors have pushed the US to come into the decision of signing the
deal with its adversary Iran:Г The US cannot be at odds at the same time with too many opponents, which includes Brazil, China, Russia, Iran, Cuba,
North

EU Essay
Since the 2016 vote, the European Union and the United Kingdom has consistently quarrelled whether UK's exit from the union will be "hard" or
"soft." As many political scientists have predicted, this leave will not be easy for either party. Not only will the European Union will lose the
economic powerhouse the UK is, but the UK will lose the multitude of benefits, regarding trade, finance, free movement of people, etc., the EU
membership affords. This loss poses the need to represent the interest of the UK and the EU. Although the state's "soft" exit from the union could
motivate other members to follow Britain, a more challenging leave could jeopardize the future of the European Union. It is in the best interest of both
sides to make this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Expanding on employment, citizenship and residency will play a huge role as the UK exits the European Union. In order to observe the future of
citizenship and residency within the topic of free movement of people/immigration, we must understand what a British citizenship and what an EU
citizenship consists of. In Elspeth Guild's "Brexit and Its Consequences for UK and EU Citizenship", he defined British citizenship as a status that "is
not based on rights, there is no bill of rights, there is no written constitution and rights attaching to British citizenship seem to come primarily from
international law." Additionally, "EU citizenship is created by a treaty (currently the TFEU) and is based on specific and stated rights" (34). The
anxiety EU nationals are feeling is granted the future of employment is determined on these very negotiations. In order to ensure the protection of these
nationals, sanctions will need to be implemented to protect the short–term economic future of the EU and UK as Brexit begins to unfold.
As negotiations are being held, it has been frequently mentioned that EU nationals living in the UK and UK nationals living in EU states are being
used as bargaining chips. If the Brexit dealings would result in a more challenging leave and the employment of EU and UK nationals is at risk, the
outcome could be mass

International Organizations : A Case Study
Recent events – ranging from Britain's exit of the European Union to democratic backsliding in Central and Eastern European states (CEEs) – have
seriously put into question whether International Organizations (IOs) can restrain or even shape state behavior. This paper will examine IOs' ability to
shape preferences and thereby influence state behavior through a case study of parental leave legislation in the Baltic states. More specifically, this
paper will argue that rationalist explanations cannot fully account for the Baltic states' over–compliance – the voluntary exceeding of EU minimum
standards–in parental leave legislation. Instead, I point to the need to take constructivist explanations into account, pointing to a normative impact...
2). In so doing, I strive to address a larger issue in the IR literature, namely whether membership in IOs has a causal impact on state behavior, possibly
inducing over–compliance, and what, if any, ramifications this might have on policy within member states (Cowles, Caporaso, & Risse, 2001;
Featherstone & Radaelli, 2003). While the concept of over–compliance at face value may seem diametrically opposed to most conversations regarding
state behavior in IOs, this paper will argue that over–compliance is neither a rare nor a relatively unique occurrence. Therefore, its absence in the larger
compliance literature is noticeably conspicuous. One possible explanation for this lack of compliance studies examining why states might elect to
surpass minimum standards stems from the dominance of rationalist institutionalist explanations for the role, impact, and importance of IOs (see
Abbott & Snidal, 1998; Farrell & HГ©ritier, 2005) From the rationalist institutionalist viewpoint, compliance is based on cost–benefit calculations
weighing the potential benefits and costs of adhering to international requirements (Zurn & Joerges, 2011). Thus, a rationalist institutionalist might
argue that a state's compliance with

The Wave Of The Civil War Essay
1. Research background: The waves of refugee from Syria to Europe begun after the outbreak Civil War in Syria. On March of 2011, protests
appeared in the southern city of Deraa after police arrested and tortured some teenagers who illegally painted revolutionary slogans on a school
wall. But the peaceful protests rapidly grew into rebel fighting against the government after the government 's violent crackdown. In July, 2011, a
group of defected Syrian officers founded the Free Syrian Army to gather Syrian civilians as opposition. Tension between extremist groups, and
ethnic groups made the domestic conflict even more complicated. The rampage rose up and descended the country situation into civil war as rebel
groups were created to fight against the regime forces for taking over some areas.(Mercy Corps, 2015) Until February 2015, according to United
Nations report, the total death toll has exceed 210,000, and about half of them are innocent people. (Suleiman, 2015) Moreover, the Syrian civil war
had led to the displacement of more than 7.6 million Syrian people. In October, Russia started launching the airstrikes as an actions of erasing ISIS in
Syria. However, the airstrike also made the refuge even worse and the distribution of aid more difficult. (Mercy Corps, 2015)
2. Research Statement: This research will investigate about the aftermath of 2011 Syrian civil war: The implication of European Union government
attitudes (policies) toward Syrian refugee crisis in order to

Brexit Disadvantages
UK farmers have resented several articles of 1107/2009, desiring a more risk–based approach that is science–led, similar to the one carried out by the
US Environmental Protection Agency, where more actives and products would be available through a faster and more pragmatic process. Nick von
Westernholz, CEO of the Crop Protection Association (CPA), believes that Brexit is the golden opportunity to enforce pesticides regulations that
support UK farmers and allow them to trade on a global scale. Furthermore, Dr. Colin Ruscoe, President of the British Crop Protection Council
(BCPC) expresses his faith in Brexit as being the UK's time to "take back control" (Loughlin, 2016). Farmers and the pesticide industry believe that the
current hazard–based approach is too stringent, placing the EU in a position of being economically unattractive in respect of the development of new
active substances and new plant protection products (Chapman, 2014).
As a result, safer alternatives are emerging while many active substances are being revoked with the ban on neonicotinoids being the most significant.
This represents a severe obstacle to European farmers and will endanger their ability to produce the variety of plant produce to which consumers have
become adapted (Chapman, 2014). Simultaneously, the reduction in plant production products generates a major risk to UK trade and
competitiveness, with the NFU manifesting its concerns over UK crop production "flatlining" (House of Commons Library, 2016) and to food
security. On the other hand, it could also be contended that a closer affiliation to US legislation could suspend UK trade with the EU as they would no
longer conform to their strict regulations (Baker and Knight, 2017). Thus, abolishing would offend NGOs or international trading partners within the
EU as the EU represents 60% of UK agri–food exports (Pesticide Action Network UK, 2017).
Modify
The UK has, at no time, implemented a policy intended to reduce the utilization of pesticides in the agricultural sector. Instead, under 1107/2009, the
principles of "acceptable risk" have been ratified, focusing on mitigating the potential destruction of pesticides by setting restrictions on the methods of
application (PAN UK,

Advantages Of A Model Contract
Model Contract
A model contract can be described as an agreement between the parties which are data exporter and the data importer, which covers lot of important
aspects for not only to communicators but also to data transport. This means that the relevant company in the United States must have a contract or
some kind of an agreement for each and every country to which it sends and receives data. Usually model contracts tend to be better suited for small
and medium–sized enterprises that do not have very large employee base or partners in many countries. But if it is a larger company that may have
employees or partners in different countries, standard contracts are not going to be that much helpful in practical a situation. In large companies, model
contracts ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
g)
HP states "Protecting customer and employee personal and confidential data promotes trust and loyalty and energize the HP brand". Though HP is a
large corporation, its dedication to protecting employee data has prevented altering, mishaps, such as major leaks of employee data.
But a large and a well renowned company like HP may also be vulnerable to some potential threats such as,
Global protection and national data protection for employees. As we know the "safe harbor" is largely paying its attention only towards the EU
member states. But they work in more than I70 countries throughout the world. Which means they can't keep one single policy for all their
employees, which will eventually lead to a chaos. Thus, it can be difficult to cope if a security problem arise in a country which is not part of the EU.
So in order to mitigate this kind of an incidence they should keep separate rules and regulations, policies, agreements which can be applied to any
circumstances with that county regarding their employee data or information protection despite of their general EU

Towards An Eu Iran Strategy
Towards an EU Iran Strategy
Nima Rashedan
A critical examination of public statements made by EU officials and the content of CEPS EU–Iran workshop show an apparent lack of strategic
imperative in EU–Iran negotiations during the post–Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) period. Furthermore, it does not identify a
coordinated EU effort in its relations with Iran or a planned approach which would synchronize and subordinate nation–level policies within all 28 EU
Member States. This lack of a pan–European strategy, along with its centralized coordinating instruments at the EU Commission level, should be
analyzed in coordination with an appropriate transatlantic committee.
A number of statements concerning Iran made by EU officials and MEPs have been followed in Farsi media for the purpose of this article. The
Islamic Republic of Iran maintains full control over television and radio stations inside Iran and print media is subject to heavy censorship. The
discussion over important issues such as the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps' (IRGC) involvement in Syria and Yemen is successfully controlled
by the state. Therefore, despite a significant growth of internet users and the penetration of British and American–based satellite channels, it is very
difficult to unearth independent debates by Iranians who feel safe to provide useful commentary in those dialogues.
Currently within Iran, EU statements are systematically being used by the state as propaganda to portray a shift

Leaving The Eu Essay
On June 24, 2016, a referendum was passed that resulted in Great Britain's withdrawal from the European Union. The decision to exit the EU was a
controversial and has significantly affected current social, political, and economic constructs on a local and global scale. Given the importance of
this decision, one would expect in depth, professional media coverage; however, this would not be the case from the UK news company, Daily Mail.
Following a meeting between the First Minister of Scotland and the British Prime Minister, both of whom are females, the Daily Mail ran a cover
titled, "Never mind Brexit, who won Legs–it!". Next to the title was a picture of the two diplomats sitting next to each other during their meeting, both
dressed in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The media response that bombardment of Daily Mail, however appropriate and necessary it was, distracted citizens from the real political
conversation that should have taken place following the meeting. Daily Mail not only diverted the public's attention away from topics that concern
their own interest, but simultaneously insulted Nicola Sturgeon and Theresa May. The Daily Mail did not portray the two women as respected
dignitaries, or intellectual leaders. Instead, they defined the two women by the lower halves of their bodies, and told the public to ignore the women's
conversation. By doing so, the Daily Mail blatantly objectified Nicola Sturgeon and Theresa May, stripping away their right to speak on important
topics. Nicola Sturgeon responded to the publications by stating that the Daily Mail was "taking Britain back to the 1970's". Nicola Sturgeon's position
has First Minister of Scotland exemplifies how effective feminist movements in the past have been, yet the Daily Mails actions and her comment
illustrates how necessary feminist movements still are today. The dismissal of the women's political conversation is similar to the dismissal that the
women in Trifles, a play written by Susan Glaspell in the early 20th century, experienced. During the play, the men are attempting to solve a murder
case, and value their wives' help very little, and often demean the women's conversations without

M&S Economic Study Essay
Economics: Assignment Marks and Spencer's Marks and Spencer's is a multinational chain of department stores, which sell a wide range women's,
men's and children's clothing and footwear, gifts, home furnishings, beauty products, financial services and food, all exclusive to Marks and
Spencer's. It is a successful company that has 375 stores in 29 countries worldwide and over 10million shoppers a week. As well as owning the US
supermarket group "Kings Supermarkets" M&S website The company has expanded both vertically and conglomerately. Looking at home ware,
foods, flowers, (see appendix) cafГ©s, gifts and cards. They have invested in many different styles of clothing ranges such as Per Una, Per Una Due
and the Limited Collection.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
M&S also needs to look at its pricing strategy's because for a long time they relied on their strong brand image to allow them to charge the
premium prices. However with recent sales falling dramatically this would be a key area for them to review. Consumers are now looking for
cheaper alternatives especially in clothing because trends are always changing. Cheaper forms of production such as moving areas of production
abroad where labour is cheap has allowed companies to spend less and therefore sell items more cheaply. M&S products have become more elastic
as people are no longer buying into the brand and go for cheaper substitutes. The diagram below shows how the product is elastic, people will still
buy the products at a higher price as they buy into the brand image however a small amount of customers will be lost due to cheaper alternatives as
illustrated below; M&S were too busy concentrating on expanding abroad and as a result the UK sales started to drop. M&S did not spend a lot of
time or finance on advertising. It was a policy of there's to run a low key advertising campaign and relied heavily on their strong brand image and
prominent location of their stores to promote new ranges. Also M&S moved production abroad in order to keep production costs down but this
resulted in roughly 60,000 jobs being lost in the British textile industry, and

The Pros And Cons Of Brexit Referendum
Brexit Could Be Britain's Stepping Stone to A Better Future The Brexit referendum has been a very controversial topic for the past 6 months. The
referendum option surfaced due to the changes happening in the European Union as an organization. The European Union (EU), formerly known as the
European Coal and Steel Communities (ECSC), is originally created under the vision of creating a trading agreement which ease the transaction
between the members. However, the EU now not only creates a single–market system to ease the trading between members, but also holds power over
the member's government, parliament, and court. Before the crisis in 2008 which is caused by EU's single–market currency, the Euro, the political
impact caused by EU's membership... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is very costly to relocate to other members since they have higher labor and wage cost, so the possibility of them relocating away from UK is quite
low. Noting the poor economy condition of the EU, investors might also prefer investing in UK with a better and stable economy condition. By no
longer being part of the single–market system, UK's has higher chance to expand their economy to grow and prosper. There is also little to be worried
about trading arrangement. The UK is one of the leading power in Europe which goods are mostly imported from fellow members, this might put them
into a benefitting situation. It is clear that other countries do not want to lose partnership with a leading country and a good contract that secured their
export sector is very

Gender Based Differences in the Workforce
1. Introduction
With regard to the International Labour Organization (ILO), labour market participation is influenced by different factors. Relatively high
unemployment rates on a worldwide scale leads to countries introducing specific methods in order to increase participation rates, which in turn
stimulates economic growth. One of the main focuses is to attract more females into the working world. Nonetheless, since institutional and
sociological forces, as well as labour market forces still persist, high variations on female decision–making processes of whether to enter the labour
market or not can be observed.
The following essay will undertake a deep analysis of gender–based differences. It will be examined how participation rates of women are influenced
and to what extent they have improved. Furthermore, current development trends in terms of migration and labour mobility of youth and adults will be
critically analysed. In order to achieve an extensive understanding of this discussion, the situation of the European Union (EU) as well as other countries
will be taken into account with regard to the time period 1990 until the present.
2. Labour market participation
2.1 Gender–based differences in labour market participation
Analysing the international labour market, it can be examined that it faces a lot of challenges. With regard to The European Union (2006), the number
of working age people tends to decline in the upcoming years. On top of that, the aging society

Ap Euro's Fight Against Terrorism
inflict a heavy cost. The authors continue by positing a dilemma that sounds nearly identical to Adler'. They assert that terrorists use a strategy of
provocation that is designed to induce a violent response, which will in turn radicalize population and lead to them supporting the terrorists.
Additionally, John Mueller lambasts what he labels as the socially constructed 'terrorist industry,' which he attacks for artificially inflating concerns
over terrorist attacks. Instead, Mueller confirms that the damage caused by terrorism is not materially significant but stems primarily from the fear that
it creates. Violent retaliation is viewed as a form of 'self–flagellation' that provides the terrorists with exactly what they want. As mentioned, realist
definitions of power, self–interest and rationality lack explanatory prowess when non–state actors are able to subvert states thanks largely in part to the
use of suicide–terrorism. The proliferation of terrorist groups and their use of suicide–tactics in many ways defies realist expectations and conclusions.
At the same time, I do not wish to suggest that realism is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By choosing two countries that share a common framework, provided within the context of the EU's fight against terrorism, I believe that some of the
natural variances that occur across states will be greatly reduced. For example, a comparison of the differences between the American response to 9/11
and Spain's response to the Madrid bombings would be substantially more problematic as the two states do not share a common anti–terror framework.
Any variations in response to the 'damned–dilemma' could simply be the product of contrasting approaches to terrorism. However, in order to justify
the aforementioned claim I have to demonstrate that EU countries such as France and Spain have moved increasingly towards a collective anti–terror

The Impact Of Brexit And Some Solutions Resolve These Issues
Negative impact of Brexit and some solutions resolve these issues
Brexit is the name of the process of Britain leaving the European Union, which is the primary concern of the modern global political situation. During
the referendum on the UK membership in the European Union, the main argument for leaving the union was that it would provide the country with
better system and tools of protection from the immigrants. UK citizen was concerned that immigrants would bring to the country 's unemployment
rate, lower quality of life and other economic problems. The statistics say that almost seventy percent of the immigrants from the EU came to Britain
because of work related reasons or to study ( ONS , 2016 ).The purpose of the this essay will analysis negative impact of Brexit on economic Britain
and find some solutions resolve these issues.
Trade:
The first and the most unfavorable outcome of Brexit is that the UK would lose the trading agreements with its largest trading partner – European Union
. The membership in this organization meant the decline of the transaction costs and fees on trading operations between the members of the union. In
fact, European Union members have the free trade agreement, which means the free flow of goods and services between the countries. According to
BBC (2016) Britain has the negative trading balance with the rest of the EU, which means that it exports more

The Role Of Voting In The UK
Some European friend asked me how I am going to vote in the UK–EU referendum. That is a question not only the majority of people in the UK and
Europe is asking and contemplating, whether to be in, or to be out of the EU. I told my European friends I really don't know how I am going to
vote. I haven't yet made up my mind. The politicians don't know what will happen, and if the people in the UK vote leave the EU neither are they
able to predict the outcome. This referendum has split political parties, and has brought political enemies to join forces. One side says vote to stay in,
and the other side says, vote to get out. Both sides are spreading fear and scaring people. They keep repeating and spinning the same panic about what
might or might not happen.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The leave EU campaigner's side is telling people how much money UK could save when we leave, how UK could have the right to trade with other
countries freely, and how the UK could have a more secure border. If the UK vote to get out of the EU, the truth is, no one really knows what will
happen or what will not

Is European Union Undermining the Sovereignty of Its...
8. Is European Union undermining the sovereignty of its individual member states?
In order to give an answer to the question above, it is worth mentioning that the two key points that this essay will analyse [the EU and the notion of
sovereignty] are both really hard to define from just one point of view, therefore different theories will be taken into account to give a complete and
fulfilling outlook of the effect that the creation of the European Union had given to the concept of modern sovereignty among its member states. The
essay will start with an introduction of the creation, shaping and then integration of the European Union, it will then move on trying to define what the
EU and sovereignty really are, underlining the changes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands were the six founding member states, the very first ones that progressively
pooled their sovereignty to the European Coal and Steel Community in 1951, signing the Treaty of Paris under Robert Schuman's orders
(Mccormick 2008:10). The basic idea was that whoever did not have control over coal and steel production would not be able to fight a war
(EUROPA 2012a). So the spirit of the community embodied the principle that 'any war between France and Germany would become not merely
unthinkable, but materially impossible' (Pinder 2001:1) because the control over coal and steel would be taken by a supranational organization. The
other reasons were merely economic and the creation of a single market was the first step to start a complementary process of political unification,
which, since it involved the very intrinsic factor that defines a state – sovereignty –, was not that immediate and simple in the case of the EU. In 1957
the Treaty of Rome produced the EEC [establishing the 'common market', breaking down the barriers between the EU's national economies and
establishing the 4 freedoms: free movement of goods, free movement of persons, freedom to provide services and free movement of capital] and
EURATOM [concerning nuclear development] (Bainbridge 1998:287;518). In 1965 the Merger Treaty unified the three institutions forming the

Essay about Migration Policy and Domestic Party Politics
There is no one categorical answer to this main question if "Europeanization in the field of Migration Policy is limited because this field is
dominated by domestic party politics" or not. First of all we must define how do we understand Europeanization in the field of Migration Policy. It
could be understood slight differently: (i) as an Europeanization in assimilation of rules for regular and irregular immigrants; (ii) as an Europeanization
in "external dimension" of European Union migration policy; (iii) as an Europeanization in terms of free movement of working force within European
Union, etc. These cases might have very different national interests within member states. Member states can easily agree on one point and have ...
6). "The EU member states have certainly been wary of ceding too much of powers up to the EU, creating a de facto European space of 27 different
approaches to migration policy, allowing only for minimum harmonization" (Weinar, 2011, psl. 6
–7). That clearly shows that migration is very
sensitive policy and is strongly influenced by political decisions within member states.
The main shortcoming of the European migration policy framework is its ambiguity and dispersed focus. It addresses the common interest of the EU
member states in some fields, while leaving out those common interests in others (Weinar, 2011, psl. 7). So what makes some fields more attractive to
common interests?
Elspeth Guild states that at the heart of the EU there is and has always been an ambition and duty to reconfigure the territory of the Member States in
order to achieve economic aims (Guild, 2006, psl. 631). Human rights were not part of the original schema of the EU (Guild, 2006, psl. 632). So if we
assume, that economic aims and not human rights are most important factors, we might argue, that success in various Migration Policy agreements
also depends on economic benefits. Putting this in a simple terms, we might argue, that member states comply with Migration Policy goals if they can
get economical benefits from it. National states are always

The British Government And The European Union
The British government is the process of negotiating reforms before it holds a referendum about whether Britain should remain a member of the
European Union or withdraw. While reforms are demanded publicly in four areas, there are issues behind those demands that are seldom pronounced
openly.
The demand for change in economic governance, competitiveness, immigration and sovereignty have been already put in the public domain. In
economic governmance, London does not want to concede more powers to Brussels, to join the euro and to be part of the ever closer union in Europe.
Britain believes that excessive regulation by Brussels has reduced European, particularly British competitiveness. Therefore it would like to see the
European Union 's power to regulate diminished. It also wants to exercise greater control over its border and impose certain restrictions on the welfare
payment to new migrants in Britain from Europen Union members. And it wants to return some of the powers to the British parliament that were
conceded to the union.
The British cabinet, businesses, and people are divided on the issue. The division in the cabinet is so deep that Prime Minister Cameron, who supports
remaining in a reformed EU, has allowed his ministers to choose their side without the fear of losing their jobs. For instance, the foreign secretary
support Cameron 's position while the defence secretary doe not.
Although most businesses seem to support staying in the European Union, a minority

Leaving The Eu Case Study
Introduction
On Thursday 23rd June, 2016, the UK held a vote on whether to leave or remain within the European Union. The decision made as a result of the vote
was to leave and subsequently the SMEs located within the UK were left to consider what challenges and opportunities could emerge from this
monumental event that was dubbed by the media 'Brexit'. They realised that by voting to leave the European Union, the UK will face serious
consequences which could present challenges in facilitating localised and globalised entrepreneurship opportunities (Chalmers and Menon, 2016).
When Theresa May triggered Article 50 in March, 2017; she ruled out any hope of the government the deadline for Brexit. She expressed that she is
determined to make ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Whilst not being outside the EU does not mean that the UK will be excluded from the single market, it would be within the UK's best interest to
negotiate a favorable trade agreement. Exclusion will not be a barrier to trade but rather an inconvenience, that if approached strategically could
enable the UK to broker a unilateral free trade policy that allow for speedier negotiations with other countries outside the EU. Possible tariffs on
exports to the EU could be a challenge however the upside is that there is an opportunity to trade with other countries.
According to an government commissioned review conducted by industry chief JГјrgen Maier, Brexit could put the UK at "the forefront of
technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence, 3D printing, augmented and virtual reality" (Monaghan, 2017). The 246 page review contains a
detailed plan of of measures that will boost UK growth and productivity through the manufacturing sector which will increase exports and earning
potential, ushering in the 4th industrial revolution worth over ВЈ455bn over the next decade (Monaghan, 2017).
Human Resources Brexit could alter the dynamics of the relationship with the rest of the world as the EU is one of the world's largest markets
comprising of ВЈ11 billion worth of trade stemming from its advanced technologies and highly skilled & educated workforce (Baldwin and
Lopez–Gonzalez, 2015).
Immigration spurs entrepreneurship (Fairlie and Lofstrom, 2015) and with the knowledge

International Business Of The United Kingdom Essay
This is a research paper on international business in the United Kingdom. This paper will show investors everything about the UK and if they wish to
invest in the country. Before any person should invest in any place that is unknown to them, they should conduct research like here before you. The
following paper includes research like culture, background, trading, business ethics, recent events. An understanding of this information will help you
decide on investing.
Keywords: international business, culture, background, trading, business ethics
Business in the United Kingdom International business today has exceeded more than any person has ever thought it would, countries are doing more
trading and importing now than ever. International business can affect everyone, from small business owners to big companies all over the world. A
country that comes to mind that does a lot of international business is the United Kingdom (UK). This paper will include the following: the
background of the country, economic environment, government policies, international economic integration and business environment, and current
events. By the end of this paper you will be able to know everything about the UK and if you want to construct business or take business out of this
country. To start a business anywhere you must first conduct research and find the background information of the country that you are planning on
starting up. In this case it 's the UK, and what exactly

The European Union ( Eu ) Essay
The European Union (EU) has been proactive in establishing environmental, health and safety regulations and fostering industrial exploitation of R&D
on nanotechnology by bringing together stakeholders to discuss best practices for commercialization, the societal, political and psychological barriers
to entrepreneurship in Europe and license arrangements between industry and R&D organizations. Several European–wide initiative have been
discussed a collaborative effort to promote the R&D nanotechnology for security purposes. In 2008, eleven EU member states invested в‚¬15.5 million
for emerging defensive technologies, including nanotechnologies. However, the EU's nanotechnology R&D focuses on the growth of a diversified
nanotechnology market in Europe and promotes innovations critical for both economic growth and regional defense and stability. However, German
government officials emphasize the importance of international regulatory regime over domestic governance strategies to address the potential issues
of nano–security. Germany does not fund the nanotechnology R&D for military applications, even for defensive purposes. In contrast to Germany, the
United Kingdom has a strong sense of international security responsibility. It has been funding in military nanotechnology R&D for security, allocating
approximately ВЈ1.5 million annually. In Sweden, government authorities in charge with science policy are investing в‚¬11M over five years in
nanotechnology activities. Funds

The Business Model Conceived By Ceo Michael O ' Leary
Introduction
Ryanair has long been the pioneer for low–cost commercial air travel. The business model conceived by CEO Michael O'Leary affords the company
much in the ways of agility and long–term adaptability. With the economic recovery of the European Union, new threats arise to challenge Ryanair
such as an emerging budget air carrier market, fluctuating fuel prices, and controversial customer relations. Examined in this paper will be the internal
cost accounting factors that affect the firm as well as an analysis of Ryanair's Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Environmental Threats
(SWOT). Through all of this many opportunities arise in the way of route expansion and capitalizing on existing revenue. To understand the... Show
Many air carriers were denied use of the air space in another country simply due to nations holding a strong opposition to commercial air competition.
In 1986, Ryanair obtained permission to service the airline's second route running from Dublin, Ireland to London–Luton and compete directly with
British Airways. This permission was given by each host nation that had begun a progressive movement towards the liberalization of air travel between
European Union (EU) nation states.
From 1987 to 1990 Ryanair opened an additional 17 Routes and begins to emulate jet travel into the route structure. However, during this period
Ryan air continued to emulate the standard business model due to continued fare regulation as well as a lack of innovation. Deregulation of air
travel with European Union members had not yet taken full effect, and thus led to continued high operating costs and losses for Ryanair. Ryanair
eliminated the frequent flyers program as well as no longer offering business class which caused a continued increase in passenger traffic but still
had the airline operating at a loss. In 1987, Michael O'Leary was hired by Tony Ryan as a tax and personal finance director. O'Leary was soon tasked
with aiding in the restructuring of Ryanair in an effort to return the airline's profitability. O'Leary is a believer of a low fare

The High Level Of Openness And Labor Mobility
Executive Summary
The high level of openness and labor mobility are two of the essential criteria for a successful optimal currency area (OCA). EU and GCC countries
are OCA in terms of openness because they have high economic openness level. Although the GCC has a low level of intra–regional trade, the fixed
exchange rate regime still is the optimal due to the fact that the main export commodity is oil for GCC countries, they do not need to adjust the
exchange rate between GCC countries due to their exchange rate fixed to the dollar which is the official currency of oil transaction. The EU is not
OCA in terms of labor mobility because the labor movement is not free. However, currently GCC is an OCA in labor mobility aspect because... Show
When the demand transfer from country A to country B, because of the fixed exchange rate regime, country A will have a higher unemployment rate,
and country B will suffer a higher inflation rate. If labor freely flows from A to B, it can eliminate the unemployment effect in country A and inflation
effect in country B. These two countries will achieve internal balance and external balance in the meantime (McKinnon, 1863).
The level of economic openness in European countries is high. The average openness is approximately 40% in EU member states (Mongelli, 2002),
and there is an increasing trend in openness level over time (Table 1). This result shows that, in general, the import and export growth rate exceed the
growth rate of GDP in EU12 countries during these years. It should be mentioned that, in Table 2, the intra–regional trade in the EU plays a significant
role, it accounts for about 60% of the international trade (Laabas & Limam, 2002).
The economy in the GCC countries is highly open, but with a low level of intra–regional trade. Countries with lowest openness levels in the GCC were
Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, and their openness levels were 35% and 47% (Sturm & Siegfried, 2005) (Table 3). According to openness standards, the
GCC countries should undoubtedly be a

What Are The Competing Perspectives On Britain's...
Introduction
This report will outline the competing perspectives on Britain's continuing trade outside of the European Union membership, will also be considering at
least one other EU members national perspective on the management context of European/International business trade.
It will summarise the impact of the EU integration on business, discussing possible proposal of recommendations for problems, and finally discussing
the important economics models with examples.
The British individuals have settled on the most critical decision for a generation by voting for Brexit on the 23rd June 2016. According to BBC
news, "leave won by 52% to 48%". In order for the UK to leave the EU it needs to conjure an agreement called Article 50 of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This means British goods and services subject to WTO tariffs. A soft Brexit would leave the UK relationship with the EU still close and staying in
single market (SEM) and customs union.
As part of the EU, the UK is in the single market, this enabling tariff– free trade between members. As you can see, from the table on the right some
other countries have their own agreements and this can give an idea of what is to come for the UK.
For example; Norway
Norwegian Model
The choice to leave the EU has pushed the UK into uncharted trading territory. The main alternative frequently supported by supporters of Brexit, is
joining the European Economic Area (EEA) which was founded in 1994 to provide European nations that are not part of the EU an approach to become
members of single market.
Britain have got themselves in a messy situation but the way forward is not. There are few alternatives they can choose from. One of the options is the
Norway option, the Norway option gives the country full access to the single European market without being a fully paid – up member. The Norway
model will also mean that Britain becoming members of two key European organisations, the European Economic Area (EEA) and the European Free
Trade Association (EEFA).
Britain would mean joining non–EU– countries like Liechtenstein, Iceland and Switzerland, with the facilities of free trade between all four. They

Reasons For Britain To Leave The EU
Reason for Britain to leave the EU – POLITICAL and FINANACIAL
The UK have been a part of the EU since 1973. Since the accession of the country in 1973, Europe has completely changed its nature. For years, Euro
sceptics have been campaigning for a referendum on the membership on the UK in the EU.
The British has officially voted to move away from the EU. The market is in crisis after the revelation that the united kingdom is a broken nation.
On June 23, 2016, in a referendum organized by former Prime Minister David Cameron, 51.9% of the British chose to leave the EU (Wheeler, 5
September 2017) .Following the triggering of Article 50 of the Treaty onEuropean Union on 29 March 2017, the United Kingdom and the other 27
Member States of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, the Brexit will not materialize immediately since Article 50 of the Treaty of the Union provides for a two–year period (renewable) between
the withdrawal request and its effectiveness. Thus, for at least 2 years, the United Kingdom will continue to be a member of the EU (and contribute в‚¬
4,930 million to its annual budget!). In this period, the modalities of the exit of the British Kingdom will have to be negotiated between European
leaders. Then the trade agreements will be renegotiated, which could take up to 10 years warned the British government. Thus, the economic
consequences of a Brexit on the British economy will depend on the outcome of these negotiations. Some studies, however, have sought to measure the
long–term consequences for the British economy. Overall, they conclude that there are rather negative impacts on trade, GDP growth or per capita
income (Г©conomiques, CrГ©Г© le 30 juin 2016).
The end of the financial passport
For the financial players, the Brexit is a real challenge. Indeed, the City, the world's largest stock exchange, interacts mainly with the European Union,
which accounts for 41% of exports of financial services, compared with 26% for the United States, 2% for China and Hong Kong. This represented ВЈ
19.4 billion in 2013; an amount which, according to Capital Economics, could be divided by two sequel to the United

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union
The European Union's role in the international sphere, as well as the aim to improve its external actions, have been considered to be the two most
important features of the Lisbon Treaty. Within the Lisbon Treaty, the combination of the provisions on mutual assistance and solidarity created new
pressures on member states to assist one another in cases of armed attacks, disasters being it natural or man–made and crisis on EU territory.
The Lisbon Treaty brought about many changes within the structure of the European Union. One particular change was that the European Security and
Defence Policy (ESDP) was to be replaced by the Common and Security Defence Policy (CSDP). The Lisbon Treaty emphasized the importance of
such a change because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Member States have an obligation to provide aid and assistance to any state that becomes a victim of an armed attack. The Treaty on the European
Union specifically states that the alliance obliges the Member States to implement mutual assistance.
Article 222 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union also speaks of the Mutual Assistance Clause. It argues that if there had to be an
armed attack on one of the EU Member States, it is ideal to use the Mutual Assistance Clause in situations other than the ones mentioned under Article
42(7). Article 222 TFEU tends to widen the scope of the clause.
THE MUTUAL SOLIDARITY CLAUSE
The Solidarity Clause has not been given much attention since the establishment of the Lisbon Treaty and is often confused with the Mutual Assistance
Clause found under article 42(7) TEU. The lack of attention can be quite understandable due to the fact that the Lisbon Treaty was full of headline
goals and aspirations, which took the focus off single–paged provisions. The Mutual Solidarity Clause is found in the Treaty on the Functioning of the
European Union under Article 222. Article 222 TFEU, compliments the Assistance Clause by not only widening its scope but also in its tasks.
Moreover, Article 222 TFEU is a one page provision which creates one of the most important demands on the EU Member States to act in a jointly
manner and assist one another in case any of the Member

The Impact Of The European Union On The Common Security...
Many of the institutions within the European Union play a substantial role in formulating EU foreign policy. The Common Security and Defense
Policy, often referred to as the CSDP, was created as a way for the EU member states to develop defense, military and crisis management policies. The
CSDP, which began as a Franco–British initiative in 1998, was created as a major component of the Common Security Foreign Policy of the European
Union. In the years since its inception, the CSDP has enabled the EU to gain power and become a world leader in the realm of international
security. Much of the common security and defense policy's success is due to the capabilities and resources that are provided by the EU member
states and world partners such as NATO. As many of the European Union member states are members of both the CSDP and NATO, the two
organizations work side by side in order to accomplish Western security goals. Britain had played a leading role in the EU common security and
defense policy since it was created. Since the vote in June 2016 to decide whether the British exit from the EU would take place, many have
wondered what 'Brexit' would mean for the EU and its institutions. This paper will examine and analyze the impact of Brexit on the EU Common
Security and Defense Policy. In order to truly understand how the UK's exit from the Union will impact the CSDP and EU foreign relations, as a
result of a change in the political landscape of the EU, one must first examine

British Exit Essay
The British Exit
It is in work for on Friday, March 2019, for the UK has voted to leave the European Union. Discussion has been on going on how the "Brexit" or
British exit on three major aspects; what the United Kingdom owes the European Union, what will happen to the Northern Ireland border and the select
United Kingdom citizens living elsewhere in the EU, but not the United Kingdom. Though the UK has decided to the leave the UK, they're in talks of
a smooth transition over the next few years. But all other remaining companies refuse to not discuss this with them until the future when they have felt
enough progress has been made to plan. England voted for their exit by a vote of 53.4% to 46.6%. Wales also helped England with their exit... Show
But predictions of immediate chaos were predicted wrong. With the UK economy growing by a margin of about 1.8% in 2016, second only to
Germany's 1.9% among the world's G7 leading industrialized nations. The UK economy has consistently almost had the same rate for all of 2017.
Inflation has risen since June 2016 to stand at 3.9%, but unemployment has continually fell to a stand at a 42 year low of 4.3%. Yearly house prices
increasing have taken a toll and have fallen from 9.4% in June 2016 but, were still at an inflation–beating 5% in the year to August 2017, according to
official ONS figures. Now what will happen to citizens of the EU living in the United Kingdom? A 15–page proposal has been revealed by Theresa
May but, has yet to be agreed upon. The 15 proposals are; those granted settled status will be able to live, work, study, and claim benefits just as they
can now, the cut–off date for eligibility is undecided but will be between the 29th of March 2017 and 29th of March 2019, family members of EU
citizens living abroad will be able to return and apply for settled status, EU nationals in the UK for less than five years at the specified date will be
able to continue living and working in the UK, once resident for five years, they can apply for settled status, those arriving after the cut–off point will
be able to stay temporarily, But there should be "no expectation" they will be granted permanent residence, a period of "blanket residence

The Financial Crisis Of Greece
Over the 15 years the German has been widely viewed as the economic catalyst and stabilizer for its fellow European Union states. Even following the
Financial Crisis in 2008, the German economy was able to bounce back quicker than neighboring Eurozone states the source of German success points
to a high export led growth economy with a competitive manufacturing sector, lower unemployment, balanced budget, and low costs to borrow. With
most economic indicators pointing to strong future growth, it remains to be seen whether a spillover effect occurs to the rest of the EU. Despite a
number of reforms, EU countries continue to suffer due to lack of global competitiveness. In dire straits, Greece continues to leverage the support of the
European Central Bank and Eurozone states to avoid another financial collapse. In support of Greece, Germany itself lent the country в‚¬56 billion,
however Germany has begun to lose patience over Greece's attempts to renegotiate terms of its bailout. As the German economy has persevered through
economic turmoil, while Eurozone has struggled, Germany continues to be a shining light of prosperity in the European Union.
Profile of German Economy As the largest economy in Europe, Germany has rebounded from the global crisis unlike any other country. Germany's
success stems from a strong export sector, low unemployment, strong housing and manufacturing sectors and a balanced budget. Prior to the crisis,
Germany implemented a set of structural reforms

Social Issues
Business Brief The problem of state presence in socio–economic life has always been and will be the subject of heated discussions among economists,
sociologists and political scientists. This issue is not only an ideological one, but also of significant importance for the state functioning. It is
undisputable that the implementation of particular tasks by the state turns out indispensable for the functioning of society, however, in terms of market
existence the underlying advantages, to be discussed below, are much less favorable. The classification of social regulations In the course of the recent
50 years the decrease of economic regulations is quite noticeable while the social ones present an increasing tendency and have been... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
licenses, patents. State intervention at private markets generates costs, unpredictable consequences and is often more damaging than purposeful. The
state frequently builds obstacles preventing economic growth. In many cases state regulations raise company functioning costs, slow down
decision–making processes and limit access to resources necessary for the production of goods and the provision of services. Finally, it is the
consumer who suffers unfavorable effects of such regulations. One of the negative side–effects, in terms of the state interference in the social sphere,
are administration costs covered by the state budget and spent on running and supporting federal agencies. Another negative factor takes the form of
bureaucratic inclinations presented by clerks in creating regulations the objective of which is often lost among inadequate requirements, the maze of
rules difficult to overcome for consumers and entrepreneurs in order to meet due requirements. Additionally, entrepreneurs themselves are trying to
extend the scope of regulations by seeking ways to use them to their own advantage. The costs to be covered by entrepreneurs refer to the necessary
documentation, accounting and legal advice, employing consultants and experts, the purchase of necessary equipment, but also the cost of waiting time
for indispensable

The Union Of The European Union Essay
All throughout history, it can be noted that women have been at a sever disadvantage when compared to their male counterparts. From simple tasks as
who is considered the head of the household to even more challenging tasks like ensuring women are equally represented in government, women have
always had to work harder to ensure they are being treated as equal. The same can be seen anywhere in the world, especially in Europe. While the
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union states in Article 20, 21 and 23 that every person is equal and cannot be discriminated against,
it would be extremely interesting to research how members of the European Union have taken into account said articles and used it in order to ensure
that their legislation and way of government provides the ultimate gender equality within their boarders. I plan on examining how different members
differ in their levels of equality for men and women and how their legislation is set up in order to make that happen. How has the European Union
taken measures in ensuring women's rights across the board for members of the Union and how effective has their legislature been in ensuring this
equality? In order to accurately assess the statistics and overall analysis of gender equality in the European Union, it is vital to look at the legislation
regarding this matter to then see how it applies in reality. The European Union enacted the Charter of Fundamental Rights after the Lisbon Treaty in
2009. While

The Pros And Cons Of BREXIT
A vote to leave the EU would start a long and complicated process that would result in a fundamental change in the UK's relationship with other
members of the EU. There are pros and cons should BREXIT were to follow through. At present, there's a lot of uncertainty surrounding BREXIT,
what is certain is that there will be an increase in restrictions and introduction of political borders should BREXIT were to happen which will result in
an increase in cost of trade and services. EU remains the largest market for Britain's exports, constituting 40–45% of its exports. As such, UK's primary
goal would likely to retain access to the EU's internal market, but in all likelihood it would be difficult to gain liberal trade terms from the EU if
BREXIT

The Refugee Crisis With A Durable And Sustainable Burden...
The failure of the EU to respond to the refugee crisis with a durable and sustainable burden–sharing mechanism has led states to adopt increasingly
restrictive asylum policies ultimately aimed at the deterrence of asylum applicants, rather than their protection. The results have been a race to the
bottom in protection standards for asylum seekers and refugees. National asylum policies assume that Member States have an interest to contribute to
refugee protection and burden–sharing mechanisms. EU cooperation at the supranational level is therefore required to ensure a balance of efforts
between Member States in their asylum policies. Furthermore, the national implementation of the Dublin system is dependent on domestic political
will. The Dublin Regulation discourages Southern Member States from improving their standards on reception and procedures for asylum seekers due
to their geographical location and lack of mandatory burden–sharing mechanisms, and thus threatens the aim of CEAS. The Dublin system privileges
EU countries in the North, which is the desired destination of many refugees, at the expense of the South, where refugees first arrive and are forced to
remain until their application is processed, which is a timely process in itself. Geographic location and length of borders place a disproportionate
burden of refugees on the EU's border states. The issues that the Dublin Regulation poses has prompted the reintroduction of internal border control and
checks, as seen

The Eu Reputation Of Being A Formidable Economic Block
financial crisis that is still affecting the European continues have destroyed the EU reputation of being a formidable economic block. Over the
past seven years, Greek, Portugal, Spain and Ireland have all been on the edge of finical collapse threatening to bring down the economies of
Europe. Before the creation of the European currency countries like Greek, Spain and Portugal had to pay high interests on the amount of money
they borrowed form banks. At the same time, international Banks were not comfortable enough to lend them too much money. For this reason,
economically weak countries like Greek, Spain and Portugal had to balance their budget and spending. After Greek and other European counters
joined the EU, they were given vast access to capital in a form of loans, and the amount of money they borrowed increased rapidly. Smaller
counters suddenly had lager access for credit like never before so they borrowed money and built houses, roads, and health sectors. Even If the EU
member states were unable to repay their loans economically strong countries like Briton, and germen would stepped in and cover some of the loses
because they were now bound by a common currency. With a few years, the governments of Greek, Portugal, and Spain accumulated huger debt.
However, they were able to repay this debt with more borrowed money. Credit flowed debt accumulated and the economies of Europe became tightly
intertwined. Finally, the 2008 financial crisis brought borrowing to a

Defining The Area Of Intellectual Property Law That...
The term of 'copyright' used to describe the area of intellectual property law that regulates copyrighted work such as book, songs, films and
computer programs. This is governed by Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1998 (CDPA). Sec 1 of CDPA give the creator right to protect over
literary, artistic, musical and dramatic work as well as film, sound recordings and typographical arrangements. This concept expressed in Art 2 of
TRIPS that it protects the expression of an idea. However, when an idea could only be expressed in one particular way, it won't t be protected because
it would monopolise the idea.
As to general rule, infringement requires "substantial part" of work to be copied that refers to quality, not quantity. It should be... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The recent exemptions as of 1 October 2014, intended for personal copies for private use and also quotation and parody. These changes arose by
Gowers Review 2006 and the Hargreaves Review 2011. The reasoning was to make it fit for purpose in digital age, deliver economic growth, and
confer greater freedom for certain bodies. However, this changes is likely to affect businesses, publisher, individual and institutions who deal in
copyright works.
A landmark case on private use exemption can refer in Basca and others v Secretary of State for Business Innovation & Skills. This case significance
to Section 28B of CDPA, any person who legitimately acquired content (music, film and books) could copy the work for private use and could storage
onto other format without infringing. Here, a number of music industry bodies sought a judicial review on the basis that Section 28B failed to provide
a fair compensation to right holders. Article 5(2)(b) of InfoSoc Directive permits member states to came up with private copy exception if the copy for
private use caused no more than minimal harm to copyright holders, otherwise compensation would be payable. In UK, government create an
exception which caused zero or minimal harm to right holders and implemented a narrow concept which is only for purchaser, thus copying by family,
friends or within a social circle is not permitted. The value of copying in the exception built into the initial price of content by

Essay On International Business Trade
This report will outline the competing perspectives on Britain's continuing trade outside of the European Union membership, will also be considering at
least one other EU members national perspective on the management context of European/International business trade.
It will summarise the impact of the EU integration on business, discussing possible proposal of recommendations for problems, and finally discussing
the important economics models with examples.
The British individuals have settled on the most critical decision for a generation by voting for Brexit on the 23rd June 2016. According to BBC
news, "leave won by 52% to 48%". In order for the UK to leave the EU it needs to conjure an agreement called Article 50 of the Libson Treaty... Show
Therefore, as you can see, from the table above these countries each have their own agreements with the EU, a few options that the UK could consider
are explained in detail below (Fig:1)
For example; Norway is in the single market, and have freedom of movement and makes EU budget contribution. Switzerland is partially in the single
market, accept free movement of people, they do contribute to the EU however they pay a smaller amount than Norway. Canada have tariff trade
deals, as well as WTO and Turkey, however Turkey does not on industrial goods.
1). Norwegian Model
The choice to leave the EU has pushed the UK into uncharted trading territory. The main alternative frequently supported by supporters of Brexit, is
joining the European Economic Area (EEA) which was founded in 1994 to provide European nations that are not part of the EU an approach to become
members of single market.
The UK have got themselves in a messy situation but the way forward may not be. There are few alternatives they can choose from. One of the
options is the Norway option, the Norway option gives the country full access to the single European market without being a fully paid – up member.
The Norway model will also mean that Britain becoming members of two key European organisations, the European Economic Area (EEA) and the
European Free Trade Association (EEFA).
Joining the EEA would mean the UK would still contribute to the EU's budget. Additionally, the UK would

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