2. At the end of the seminar, the students should be able to
o Understand the concept of sexually transmitted (STD) diseases in
male
o List the infections occurring to male reproductive system
o Discuss about the infections and its significant symptoms
o Discuss about the treatment of the infections
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
3. o Mostly male reproductive infection is a STD / STI
o Anyone who has had sexual contact can get an STI.
o Men and women of all ages, regions, ethnic backgrounds, and economic
levels can get STI.
o STIs are most common among teens and young adults.
INTRODUCTION
4. o Many STIs may not cause any symptoms.
o Symptoms vary for each STI, but it include sores or blisters on or
around the genital area or in the mouth,
o Dysuria
o Unusual discharge, itching, swelling, or pain in or around the
genitalia
Many STIs are spread through contact with infected body fluids
such as blood, vaginal fluids, or semen.
Cont.
5.
6. o HIV/AIDS
o Herpes
o Gonorrhea
o Syphilis
o Lymphogranuloma venereum
o Granuloma inguinale
o Chancroid
o Prostatitis
o Epididymitis-Orchitis
STIs include:
9. o Most common sexually transmitted infections in the
U.S.
o Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Herpes Simplex
Virus Type 2
Genital herpes (HSV-2) is more common among
women than men.
HERPES (genital herpes)
10. o Symptoms often include painful
bumps or sores.
o The first outbreak is usually the
worst and most painful and occurs
within 2-20 days after contact with
the virus.
o The sores usually will go away
within 2-3 weeks.
Cont.
11. Suppressive treatment
Take aciclovir twice a day
for six to 12 months.
usually be stopped after
12 months
Episodic
treatment
5- day course of
aciclovir each time
before symptoms
begin.
Primary
treatment
Take a course of
aciclovir for at
least five days, or
longer.
12.
13. o A sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can infect both sex
o It can cause infections in the genitals, rectum, and throat.
o It is a very common infection, especially among young people
(sexually active)
o Some men with gonorrhea may have no symptoms at all.
o Some symptoms, such as :
o A burning sensation when urinating;
o A white, yellow, or green discharge from the penis;
o Painful or swollen testicles (although this is less common).
GONORRHOEA
15. o CDC recommends dual therapy, or using two drugs
o It is important to take all of the medication prescribed to cure gonorrhea.
o Medication for gonorrhea should not be shared with anyone
Although medication will stop the infection, it will not repair any permanent
damage done by the disease.
TREATMENT
A single dose of
250mg of
intramuscular
ceftriaxone
1g of oral
azithromycin.
16. o A sexually transmitted disease (STD) that can have very serious complications
when left untreated, but it is simple to cure with the right treatment.
o Syphilis is divided into stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary)
SYPHILIS
17. o Syphilis is easy to cure in its early stages.
o Selection of the appropriate penicillin preparation is important to properly treat
and cure syphilis.
TREATMENT
A single intramuscular
injection of
Benzathine penicillin
G (i.m)
A person who has
primary, secondary or
early latent syphilis
Three doses of
Benzathine penicillin G
(intramuscularly) at weekly
intervals
Individuals with late latent
syphilis or latent syphilis of
unknown duration
18. o Options for non-pregnant patients who are allergic to penicillin may include
doxycycline, tetracycline, and for neurosyphilis, ceftriaxone.
Cont.
19. LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
o An uncommon sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused
by Chlamydia trachomatis.
o Characterized by self-limited genital papules or ulcers
followed by painful inguinal and/or femoral
lymphadenopathy. (bubo)
20. GRANULOMA INGUINALE
o Chronic, relapsing granulomatous
anogenital infection
o Due to: Klebsiella granulomatis
o Lesion occur on the skin or
mucous membranes of the
genitalia or perineal area
o Painless infiltrated nodules that
soon slough.
21.
22. CHANCROID
o Caused by bacterium :
Haemophilus ducreyi.
o Commonly in uncircumcised man.
o Symptoms : sore or raised bumps
on genital filled with pus
-> ruptures
-> painful ulcers.
23. PROSTATITIS
o Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland.
o It may be acute or chronic.
o Causative micro-organism
o The common ones are those which cause UTIs.
o Most frequently E. coli.
24. o An inflammation of the epididymis and/or testicle (testis).
o It is usually due to infection, most commonly from a urine infection or a STI.
A course of antibiotic medicine
will usually clear the infection.
EPIDIDYMO-ORCHITIS
25. o As the epididymis and testis lie next to each other, it is often difficult to tell if the
epididymis, the testis, or both are inflamed.
Therefore, the term epididymo-orchitis is often used.
Cont.
A complication from a urine
infection
Sexually transmitted infection
The mumps virus
An operation to the prostate or
urethra
Medication
Uncommon causes
26. o Develop quickly - over a day or
so.
o The affected epididymis and
testicle swell rapidly and the
scrotum becomes enlarged,
tender and red.
o It can be very painful.
Cont.
27. o A course of antibiotic medicines is usually advised
o Pain usually eases within a few days but swelling may take a week or so to go
down, sometimes longer.
The choice of the antibiotic depends on the underlying cause of the infection.
o Sexual partners of men with the infections caused by a sexually transmitted
infection may also need antibiotic treatment.
o Antibiotics do not kill viruses and they are not needed if a viral infection is the
cause - for example, mumps.
TREATMENT
29. CO-TRIMOXAZOLE
o Trimethoprim and Sulfamethoxazole
(1:5)
o Mechanism: Sequential block
o 800mg sulphamethoxazole + 160 mg
trimethoprim. BD ( 3 days )
o Used in bacterial prostatitis :
concentrated in prostatic tissues.
30. FLUOROQUINOLONES
o Ciprofloxacin - prototype
o Effective against gram negative organisms
o MOA : Inhibit DNA gyrase and topoisomerase
o Ciprofloxacin 750mg BD for 3 weeks.
o Attains high concentration in the prostatic tissues.
o Also used in sexually transmitted diseases.
o Gonococcal infections
o Chlamydial infections
31. CEPHALOSPORINS
o MOA : inhibit synthesis of bacterial cell wall. ( bactericidal )
o Third generation cephalosporins in gonorrhoea.
o Ceftriaxone i.m 125mg single dose
o Cefixime 400mg oral single dose
o In chancroid ceftriaxone 250 mg i.m. single dose
32. TETRACYCLINES
o MOA : Bind to 30s ribosomal unit -> inhibit protein synthesis.
o Used in
1. Chlamydial infection (lymphogranuloma venereum )
o Doxycline 100 mg BD / OD oral/i.v
2. Granuloma inguinale.
