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Health IT, Digital Transformation, and
Security/Privacy for Hospital Executives
(Parts 1 & 2)
นพ.นวนรรน ธีระอัมพรพันธุ์
14 ก.พ. 2563
www.SlideShare.net/Nawanan
What words come to mind when you hear...
Digital Health
Transformation
https://medium.com/@marwantarek/it-is-the-perfect-storm-ai-cloud-bots-iot-etc-4b7cbb0481bc
http://www.ibtimes.com/google-deepminds-alphago-program-defeats-human-go-champion-first-time-ever-2283700
http://deepmind.com/ http://socialmediab2b.com
An Era of Smart Machines
englishmoviez.com
Rise of the Machines?
Digitizing Healthcare?
http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2005-03-27/cover-image-the-digital-hospital
“Big data is like teenage sex:
everyone talks about it,
nobody really knows how to do it,
everyone thinks everyone else is doing it,
so everyone claims they are doing it...”
-- Dan Ariely @danariely (2013)
Substitute “Big data” with “AI”, “Blockchain”, “IoT”
of your choice.
-- Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Hype vs. Hope
Jeremy Kemp via http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
http://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp
Gartner Hype Cycle 2017
https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-trends-in-the-gartner-hype-cycle-for-emerging-technologies-2017/
“Smart” Machines?
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-47514289
https://www.standardmedia
.co.ke/article/2001318679/e
thiopian-airlines-crash-
investigators-reach-
conclusion
A Real-Life Personal Story of
My Failure (as a Doctor and as
a Son) in Misdiagnosing
My Mom
Would AI Help?
• Nothing is certain in medicine &
health care
• Large variations exist in patient
presentations, clinical course,
underlying genetic codes, patient &
provider behaviors, biological
responses & social contexts
Why Clinical Judgment Is Still Necessary?
• Most diseases are not diagnosed by
diagnostic criteria, but by patterns of
clinical presentation and perceived
likelihood of different diseases given
available information (differential
diagnoses)
• Human is good at pattern
recognition, while machine is good at
logic & computations
Why Clinical Judgment Is Still Necessary?
• Machines are (at best) as good as
the input data
–Not everything can be digitized or
digitally acquired
–Not everything digitized is accurate
(“Garbage In, Garbage Out”)
• Experience, context & human touch
matters
Why Clinical Judgment Is Still Necessary?
“To computerize
the hospital”
“To go paperless”
“To become a
Digital Hospital”
“To Have
EHRs”
Why Adopting Health IT?
• “Don’t implement technology just for
technology’s sake.”
• “Don’t make use of excellent technology.
Make excellent use of technology.”
(Tangwongsan, Supachai. Personal communication, 2005.)
• “Health care IT is not a panacea for all that ails
medicine.” (Hersh, 2004)
Some “Smart” Quotes
Digitization 
Digital Transformation
Being Smart #1:
Stop Your
“Drooling Reflex”!!
Being Smart #2:
Focus on Information &
Process Improvement,
Not Technology
“Smart Hospital”
To treat & to care
for their patients
to their best
abilities, given
limited time &
resources
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newborn_Examination_1967.jpg (Nevit Dilmen)
What Clinicians Want?
Why Aren’t We Talk About These Words?
http://hcca-act.blogspot.com/2011/07/reflections-on-patient-centred-care.html
The Goal of Health Care
The answer is already obvious...
“Health”
“Care”
• Safe
• Timely
• Effective
• Patient-Centered
• Efficient
• Equitable
Institute of Medicine, Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the quality
chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy
Press; 2001. 337 p.
High Quality Care
(IOM, 2001)(IOM, 2000) (IOM, 2011)
Landmark Institute of Medicine Reports
• Humans are not perfect and are bound to
make errors
• Highlight problems in U.S. health care
system that systematically contributes to
medical errors and poor quality
• Recommends reform
• Health IT plays a role in improving patient
safety
Summary of These Reports
27
• Perception errors
Image Source: interaction-dynamics.com
To Err Is Human 1: Perception
28
Image Source: (Left) http://docwhisperer.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/sleepy-heads/
(Right) http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/12/05/health/chen_600.jpg
To Err Is Human 2: Attention
29
Image Source: Suthan Srisangkaew, Department of Pathology, Facutly of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University
To Err Is Human 3: Memory
30
• Cognitive Errors - Example: Decoy Pricing
The Economist Purchase Options
• Economist.com subscription $59
• Print subscription $125
• Print & web subscription $125
Ariely (2008)
16
0
84
The Economist Purchase Options
• Economist.com subscription $59
• Print & web subscription $125
68
32
# of
People
# of
People
To Err Is Human 4: Cognition
31Klein JG. Five pitfalls in decisions about diagnosis and prescribing. BMJ. 2005 Apr 2;330(7494):781-3.
“Everyone makes mistakes. But our
reliance on cognitive processes prone to
bias makes treatment errors more likely
than we think”
Cognitive Biases in Healthcare
32
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
Clinical Decision Making
33
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
Possible Human Errors
Possibility of
Human Errors
34
CLINICAL DECISION
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
(CDS)
35
• Clinical Decision Support (CDS) “is a
process for enhancing health-related
decisions and actions with pertinent,
organized clinical knowledge and patient
information to improve health and healthcare
delivery” (Including both computer-based &
non-computer-based CDS)
(Osheroff et al., 2012)
What Is A CDS?
36
• The real place where most of the values
of health IT can be achieved
• There are a variety of forms and nature
of CDS
Clinical Decision Support
Systems (CDS)
37
• Expert systems
–Based on artificial
intelligence, machine
learning, rules, or
statistics
–Examples: differential
diagnoses, treatment
options
CDS Examples
Shortliffe (1976)
38
• Alerts & reminders
–Based on specified logical conditions
• Drug-allergy checks
• Drug-drug interaction checks
• Drug-lab interaction checks
• Drug-formulary checks
• Reminders for preventive services or certain actions
(e.g. smoking cessation)
• Clinical practice guideline integration (e.g. best
practices for chronic disease patients)
CDS Examples
39
Example of “Reminders”
40
• Reference information or evidence-
based knowledge sources
–Drug reference databases
–Textbooks & journals
–Online literature (e.g. PubMed)
–Tools that help users easily access
references (e.g. Infobuttons)
CDS Examples
41
Infobuttons
Image Source: https://webcis.nyp.org/webcisdocs/what-are-infobuttons.html
42
• Pre-defined documents
–Order sets, personalized “favorites”
–Templates for clinical notes
–Checklists
–Forms
• Can be either computer-based or
paper-based
CDS Examples
43
Order Sets
Image Source: http://www.hospitalmedicine.org/ResourceRoomRedesign/CSSSIS/html/06Reliable/SSI/Order.cfm
44
• Simple UI designed to help clinical
decision making
–Abnormal lab highlights
–Graphs/visualizations for lab results
–Filters & sorting functions
CDS Examples
45
Abnormal Lab Highlights
Image Source: http://geekdoctor.blogspot.com/2008/04/designing-ideal-electronic-health.html
46
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Abnormal lab
highlights
47
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Order Sets
48
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Drug-Allergy
Checks
49
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Drug-Drug
Interaction
Checks
50
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Clinical Practice
Guideline
Alerts/Reminders
51
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Integration of
Evidence-Based
Resources (e.g.
drug databases,
literature)
52
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
How CDS Supports
Decision Making
Diagnostic/Treatment
Expert Systems
Being Smart #3:
“To Err is Human”
Being Smart #4:
Link IT Values to
Quality (Including Safety)
Health IT
Health
Information
Technology
Goal
Value-Add
Means
ภาพรวมของงานด้าน Health IT
Intra-Hospital IT
• Electronic Health Records &
Health IT for Quality & Safety
• Digital Transformation
• AI, Data Analytics
• Hospital IT Quality
Improvement (HA-IT)
Inter-Hospital IT
• Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
Extra-Hospital IT
• Patients: Personal
Health Records (PHRs)
• Public Health: Disease
Surveillance & Analytics
Patient
at Home
Strategic
Operational
ClinicalAdministrative
LIS
Health Information ExchangeBusiness
Intelligence
Word
Processor
Social
Media
PACS
Personal Health Records
Clinical Decision Support Systems
Computerized Physician Order Entry
Electronic Health Records
Admission-Discharge-Transfer
Master Patient Index
Enterprise Resource Planning
Vendor-Managed Inventory
Customer Relationship Management
4 Quadrants of Hospital IT
ภาพรวมของงานด้าน Health IT
Intra-Hospital IT
• Electronic Health Records &
Health IT for Quality & Safety
• Digital Transformation
• AI, Data Analytics
• Hospital IT Quality
Improvement (HA-IT)
Inter-Hospital IT
• Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
Extra-Hospital IT
• Patients: Personal
Health Records (PHRs)
• Public Health: Disease
Surveillance & Analytics
Patient
at Home
Hospital A Hospital B
Clinic D
Policymakers
Patient at
Home
Hospital C
HIE Platform
Health Information Exchange (HIE)
WHO & ITU
Achieving Health Information Exchange (HIE)
https://www.hfocus.org/content/2016/02/11783
https://www.hfocus.org/content/2016/03/11968
https://www.hfocus.org/content/2016/09/12671
Areas of Health Informatics
Patients &
Consumers
Providers &
Patients
Healthcare
Managers, Policy-
Makers, Payers,
Epidemiologists,
Researchers
Copyright  Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
Incarnations of Health IT
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
HIS/CIS
EHRs
Computerized Physician
Order Entry (CPOE)
Clinical Decision
Support Systems
(CDS) (including AI)
Closed Loop
Medication
PACS/RIS
LIS
Nursing
Apps
Disease Surveillance
(Active/Passive)
Business
Intelligence &
Dashboards
Telemedicine
Real-time Syndromic
Surveillance
mHealth for Public
Health Workers &
Volunteers
PHRs
Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
eReferral
mHealth for
Consumers
Wearable
Devices
Social
Media
Copyright  Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Where We Are Today...
Copyright  Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
Technology that
focuses on the sick,
not the healthy
Silos of data
within hospitalPoor/unstructured
data quality
Lack of health data
outside hospital
Poor data
integration across
hospitals/clinics
Poor data integration
for monitoring &
evaluation
Poor data quality (GIGO)
Finance leads
clinical outcomes
Poor IT change
management
Cybersecurity
& privacy risks
Few real examples
of precision
medicine
Little access
to own
health data
Poor patient
engagement
Poor accuracy
of wearables Lack of evidence
for health values
Health literacy
Information 
Behavioral
change
Few standards
Lack of health IT
governance
• CDS as a replacement or supplement of
clinicians?
– The demise of the “Greek Oracle” model (Miller & Masarie, 1990)
The “Greek Oracle” Model
The “Fundamental Theorem” Model
Friedman (2009)
Wrong Assumption
Correct Assumption
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDS)
Being Smart #5:
Don’t Replace
Human Users.
Use ICT to Help Them
Perform Smarter & Better.
Some Risks of Clinical Decision Support Systems
• Alert Fatigue
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
Workarounds
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
Being Smart #6:
Health IT Also Have
Risks &
Unintended Consequences
Technology
ProcessPeople
Balanced Focus of Informatics
Being Smart #7:
Balance Your Focus
(People, Process, Technology)
72
Information Ethics &
Clinical Decision Making
73
• “Unanticipated and unwanted effect of health IT
implementation” (ucguide.org)
• Key Resources
▪ Ash JS, Berg M, Coiera E. Some unintended consequences of
information technology in health care: the nature of patient
care information system-related errors. J Am Med Inform Assoc.
2004 Mar-Apr;11(2):104-12.
▪ Campbell, EM, Sittig DF, Ash JS, et al. Types of Unintended
Consequences Related to Computerized Provider Order
Entry. J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2006 Sep-Oct; 13(5): 547-556.
▪ Koppel R, Metlay JP, Cohen A, Abaluck B, Localio AR, Kimmel SE,
Strom BL. Role of computerized physician order entry systems
in facilitating medication errors. JAMA. 2005 Mar
9;293(10):1197-203.
Unintended Consequences of Health IT
74
Standard view
▪ With uncertainties around new technology, “scientific
evidence counsels caution and prudence.”
▪ Evidence & reason determine appropriate level of
caution
▪ If such systems improve care at acceptable cost in
time & money, there’s an obligation to use it
▪ Follows evolving evidence and standards of care
Goodman & Miller. Chapter 10: Ethics and Health Informatics: Users, Standards, and Outcomes.
In Shortliffe (3rd Edition).
Appropriate Use of Health IT
75
Standard view
▪ For computer-assisted clinical diagnosis CDS, human
cognitive processes are more suited to complex task
of diagnosis than machine, and should not be
overridden or trumped by computers.
▪ When adequate CDS tools are developed, they should
be viewed and used as supplementary and subservient
to human clinical judgment
Appropriate Use of Health IT
Goodman & Miller. Chapter 10: Ethics and Health Informatics: Users, Standards, and Outcomes.
In Shortliffe (3rd Edition).
76
Fundamental Theorem of Informatics
(Friedman, 2009)
77
Standard view
▪ Practitioners have obligation to use tools responsibly,
through adequate training & understanding the
system’s abilities & limitations
▪ Practitioners must not ignore their clinical judgment
reflexively when using CDS.
Appropriate Use of Health IT
Goodman & Miller. Chapter 10: Ethics and Health Informatics: Users, Standards, and Outcomes.
In Shortliffe (3rd Edition).
78
▪ Health IT “should be used in clinical practice only
after appropriate evaluation of its efficacy and the
documentation that it performs its intended task at an
acceptable cost in time & money”
▪ Qualified (licensed, trained & experienced) health
professionals as users
▪ Systems should be used to augment/supplement,
rather than replace or supplant individuals’ decision
making
▪ Adequate training
Appropriate Use of Health IT
Goodman & Miller. Chapter 10: Ethics and Health Informatics: Users, Standards, and Outcomes.
In Shortliffe (3rd Edition).
79
Health IT, Digital Transformation, and
Security/Privacy fo Hospital Executives
(Part 2)
นพ.นวนรรน ธีระอัมพรพันธุ์
14 กุมภาพันธ์ 2563
http://www.slideshare.net/nawanan
80
Outline
• ทาไมเราต้องแคร์เรื่อง Security & Privacy?
• Security/Privacy กับข้อมูลผู้ป่วย
• แนวปฏิบัติด้าน Security ของระบบ
• แนวปฏิบัติด้าน Privacy ของข้อมูล
• แนวปฏิบัติด้านการใช้ Social Media ที่เหมาะสม
81
ทาไมเราต้องแคร์
เรื่อง Security & Privacy?
82
เรื่องเล่าจากรามาธิบดี #1: Privacy & Hoax
http://news.sanook.com/1262964/
83
ภัย Privacy กับโรงพยาบาล
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/life/people/2007-10-10-clooney_N.htm
84
Malware
ตัวอย่างภัยคุกคามด้าน Security
85
เรื่องเล่าจากรามาธิบดี #2: Malware
86
ภัย Security กับเมืองไทย
(Top) http://deadline.com/2014/12/sony-hack-timeline-any-pascal-the-interview-north-korea-1201325501/
(Bottom) http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-07/sony-s-darkseoul-breach-stretched-from-thai-hotel-
to-hollywood
87
ภัย Security กับเมืองไทย
88
ภัย Security กับเมืองไทย
89
“Green” Organization & Privacy
90
National Healthcare’s Worst Nightmare
https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/personal-info-of-15m-singhealth-patients-including-pm-lee-
stolen-in-singapores-most
91
▪ Confidentiality (ข้อมูลความลับ)
▪ Integrity (การแก้ไข/ลบ/เพิ่มข้อมูลโดยมิชอบ)
▪ Availability (ระบบล่ม ใช้การไม่ได้)
สิ่งที่เป็นเป้าหมายการโจมตี: CIA Triad
92
ผลกระทบ/ความเสียหาย
• ความลับถูกเปิดเผย
• ความเสี่ยงต่อชีวิต สุขภาพ จิตใจ การเงิน และ
การงานของบุคคล
• ระบบล่ม การให้บริการมีปัญหา
• ภาพลักษณ์ขององค์กรเสียหาย
93
แหล่งที่มาของการโจมตี
• Hackers
• Viruses & Malware
• ระบบที่มีปัญหาข้อผิดพลาด/ช่องโหว่
• Insiders (บุคลากรที่มีเจตนาร้าย)
• การขาดความตระหนักของบุคลากร
• ภัยพิบัติ
94
เรื่องเล่าจากรามาธิบดี #3: Privacy
95
Security/Privacy
กับข้อมูลผู้ป่วย
96
Security & Privacy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._S._Bradford_House
97
แนวปฏิบัติด้าน Privacy
ของข้อมูล
98
หลักจริยธรรมที่เกี่ยวกับ Privacy
• Autonomy (หลักเอกสิทธิ์/ความเป็นอิสระของผู้ป่วย)
• Beneficence (หลักการรักษาประโยชน์สูงสุดของผู้ป่วย)
• Non-maleficence (หลักการไม่ทาอันตรายต่อผู้ป่วย)
“First, Do No Harm.”
99
Hippocratic Oath
...
What I may see or hear in the course of
treatment or even outside of the treatment
in regard to the life of men, which on no
account one must spread abroad, I will keep
myself holding such things shameful to be
spoken about.
...
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocratic_Oath
100
กฎหมายที่เกี่ยวข้องกับ Privacy
• พรบ.สุขภาพแห่งชาติ พ.ศ. 2550
• มาตรา 7 ข้อมูลด้านสุขภาพของบุคคล เป็นความลับส่วน
บุคคล ผู้ใดจะนาไปเปิดเผยในประการที่น่าจะทาให้บุคคลนั้น
เสียหายไม่ได้ เว้นแต่การเปิดเผยนั้นเป็นไปตามความประสงค์
ของบุคคลนั้นโดยตรง หรือมีกฎหมายเฉพาะบัญญัติให้ต้อง
เปิดเผย แต่ไม่ว่าในกรณีใด ๆ ผู้ใดจะอาศัยอานาจหรือสิทธิ
ตามกฎหมายว่าด้วยข้อมูลข่าวสารของราชการหรือกฎหมาย
อื่นเพื่อขอเอกสารเกี่ยวกับข้อมูลด้านสุขภาพของบุคคลที่ไม่ใช่
ของตนไม่ได้
101
ประมวลกฎหมายอาญา
• มาตรา 323 ผู้ใดล่วงรู้หรือได้มาซึ่งความลับของผู้อื่นโดยเหตุที่เป็น
เจ้าพนักงานผู้มีหน้าที่ โดยเหตุที่ประกอบอาชีพเป็นแพทย์ เภสัชกร
คนจาหน่ายยา นางผดุงครรภ์ ผู้พยาบาล...หรือโดยเหตุที่เป็นผู้ช่วย
ในการประกอบอาชีพนั้น แล้วเปิดเผยความลับนั้นในประการที่
น่าจะเกิดความเสียหายแก่ผู้หนึ่งผู้ใด ต้องระวางโทษจาคุกไม่เกิน
หกเดือน หรือปรับไม่เกินหนึ่งพันบาท หรือทั้งจาทั้งปรับ
• ผู้รับการศึกษาอบรมในอาชีพดังกล่าวในวรรคแรก เปิดเผย
ความลับของผู้อื่น อันตนได้ล่วงรู้หรือได้มาในการศึกษาอบรมนั้น
ในประการที่น่าจะเกิดความเสียหายแก่ผู้หนึ่งผู้ใดต้องระวางโทษ
เช่นเดียวกัน
102
คำประกำศสิทธิและข้อพึงปฏิบัติของผู้ป่วย
7. ผู้ป่วยมีสิทธิได้รับกำรปกปิดข้อมูลของตนเอง เว้นแต่
ผู้ป่วยจะให้ควำมยินยอมหรือเป็นกำรปฏิบัติตำมหน้ำที่
ของผู้ประกอบวิชำชีพด้ำนสุขภำพเพื่อประโยชน์โดยตรง
ของผู้ป่วยหรือตำมกฎหมำย
103
แนวทางการคุ้มครอง Privacy
• Informed consent
• Privacy culture
• User awareness building & education
• Organizational policy & regulations
▪ Enforcement
▪ Ongoing privacy & security assessments,
monitoring, and protection
104
เรื่องเล่าจากรามาธิบดี #4: Enforcement
Uniform Enforcement:
เรื่องเล่าเกี่ยวกับ
ความน่าศรัทธาของผู้บริหาร
105
Line เสี่ยงต่อกำรละเมิด Privacy ผู้ป่วยได้อย่ำงไร?
• ข้อความใน Line group มีคนเห็นหลายคน
• ถูก capture หรือ forward ไป share ต่อได้
• ข้อมูล cache ที่เก็บใน mobile device อาจถูกอ่านได้
(เช่น ทาอุปกรณ์หาย หรือเผลอวางเอาไว้)
• ข้อมูลที่ส่งผ่าน network อาจไม่ได้เข้ารหัส
• บริษัท Line เข้าถึงได้ และอาจถูก hack ได้
• มีคนเดา Password ได้
• ส่งผิดกลุ่ม
106
ทำงออกสำหรับกำร Consult Case ผู้ป่วย
• ใช้ช่องทางอื่นที่ไม่มีการเก็บ record ข้อมูล ถ้าเหมาะสม
• หลีกเลี่ยงการระบุหรือ include ชื่อ, HN, เลขที่เตียง หรือ
ข้อมูลที่ระบุตัวตนผู้ป่วยได้ (รวมทั้งในภาพ image)
• ใช้ app ที่ปลอดภัยกว่า
• Limit คนที่เข้าถึง
(เช่น ไม่คุยผ่าน Line group)
• ใช้อย่างปลอดภัย (Password, ดูแลอุปกรณ์ไว้กับตัว,
เช็ค malware ฯลฯ)
107
แนวปฏิบัติด้าน Security
ของระบบ
▪ Attack
▪ An attempt to breach system security
▪ Threat
▪ A scenario that can harm a system
▪ Vulnerability
▪ The “hole” that is used in the attack
Common Security Terms
Alice
Simplified Attack Scenarios
Server Bob
Eve/Mallory
Alice
Simplified Attack Scenarios
Server Bob
- Physical access to client computer
- Electronic access (password)
- Tricking user into doing something
(malware, phishing & social
engineering)
Eve/Mallory
Alice
Simplified Attack Scenarios
Server Bob
- Intercepting (eavesdropping or
“sniffing”) data in transit
- Modifying data (“Man-in-the-middle”
attacks)
- “Replay” attacks
Eve/Mallory
Alice
Simplified Attack Scenarios
Server Bob
- Unauthorized access to servers through
- Physical means
- User accounts & privileges
- Attacks through software vulnerabilities
- Attacks using protocol weaknesses
- DoS / DDoS attacks Eve/Mallory
Alice
Simplified Attack Scenarios
Server Bob
Other & newer forms of
attacks possible
Eve/Mallory
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
Administrative Security
- Security & privacy policy
- Governance of security risk management & response
- Uniform enforcement of policy & monitoring
- Disaster recovery planning (DRP) & Business continuity
planning/management (BCP/BCM)
- Legal obligations, requirements & disclaimers
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
Physical Security
- Protecting physical access of clients & servers
- Locks & chains, locked rooms, security cameras
- Mobile device security
- Secure storage & secure disposition of storage devices
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
User Security
- User account management
- Strong p/w policy (length, complexity, expiry, no meaning)
- Principle of Least Privilege
- “Clear desk, clear screen policy”
- Audit trails
- Education, awareness building & policy enforcement
- Alerts & education about phishing & social engineering
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
System Security
- Antivirus, antispyware, personal firewall, intrusion
detection/prevention system (IDS/IPS), log files, monitoring
- Updates, patches, fixes of operating system vulnerabilities &
application vulnerabilities
- Redundancy (avoid “Single Point of Failure”)
- Honeypots
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
Software Security
- Software (clients & servers) that is secure by design
- Software testing against failures, bugs, invalid inputs,
performance issues & attacks
- Updates to patch vulnerabilities
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
Network Security
- Access control (physical & electronic) to network devices
- Use of secure network protocols if possible
- Data encryption during transit if possible
- Bandwidth monitoring & control
Alice
Safeguarding Against Attacks
Server Bob
Database Security
- Access control to databases & storage devices
- Encryption of data stored in databases if necessary
- Secure destruction of data after use
- Access control to queries/reports
- Security features of database management systems (DBMS)
121
User Account Security
So, two informaticians
walk into a bar...
The bouncer says,
"What's the password."
One says, "Password?"
The bouncer lets them
in.
Credits: @RossMartin & AMIA (2012)
122
Written Password
123
User Account Security
https://www.thaicert.or.th/downloads/files/BROCHURE_security_awareness.png
124
▪ ความยาว 8 ตัวอักษรขึ้นไป
▪ ความซับซ้อน: 3 ใน 4 กลุ่มตัวอักษร
▪ Uppercase letters
▪ Lowercase letters
▪ Numbers
▪ Symbols
▪ ไม่มีความหมาย (ป้องกัน “Dictionary Attacks”)
▪ ไม่ใช่ simple patterns (12345678, 11111111)
▪ ไม่เกี่ยวกับข้อมูลส่วนตัวที่คนสนิทอาจรู้ (เช่น วันเกิด
ชื่อคนในครอบครัว ชื่อสัตว์เลี้ยง)
Passwords
125
เรื่องเล่าจากรามาธิบดี #8: Password ท่องง่าย (แต่ก็ Hack ง่าย)
Dictionary Attack:
เรื่องเล่าจากการเรียน
การ Hack ระบบ ที่ USA
126
Clear Desk, Clear Screen Policy
http://pixabay.com/en/post-it-sticky-note-note-corner-148282/
127
Phishing E-mail
128
Secure Log-in สาหรับเว็บที่สาคัญ
Microsoft Internet Explorer
129
Secure Log-in สาหรับเว็บที่สาคัญ
Mozilla Firefox
Google Chrome
130
เรื่องเล่าจากรามาธิบดี #9: เรียกค่าไถ่
Ransomware
131
Ransomware ระบาดใน Healthcare
http://www.healthcareitnews.com/news/more-half-hospitals-hit-ransomware-last-12-months
132
The Day We All WannaCry’ed
http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/ransomware-nhs-cyber-attack-live-10409420
The Cybersecurity Framework
Version 1.1
October 2019
• Common and accessible language
• Adaptable to many technologies, lifecycle
phases, sectors and uses
• Risk-based
• Based on international standards
• Living document
• Guided by many perspectives – private
sector, academia, public sector
Key Framework Attributes
Principles of Current and Future Versions of the Framework
The Framework Core
Establishes a Common Language
• Describes desired outcomes
• Understandable by everyone
• Applies to any type of risk
management
• Defines the entire breadth of
cybersecurity
• Spans both prevention and reaction
Function
Identify
Protect
Detect
Respond
Recover
An Excerpt from the Framework Core
The Connected Path of Framework Outcomes
5 Functions 23 Categories 108 Subcategories 6 Informative References
Implementation Tiers
The Cybersecurity Framework Version 1.1
1 2 3 4
Partial Risk Informed Repeatable Adaptive
Risk
Management
Process
The functionality and repeatability of cybersecurity
risk management
Integrated Risk
Management
Program
The extent to which cybersecurity is considered in
broader risk management decisions
External
Participation
The degree to which the organization:
• monitors and manages supply chain risk1.1
• benefits my sharing or receiving information from
outside parties
138
Cybersecurity Act & Personal Data Protection Act (PDPA)
139
เก็บรวบรวม
(Collection)
ใช้ (Use)
เปิดเผย
(Disclosure)
กระบวนการเกี่ยวกับข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล
พ.ร.บ.คุ้มครองข้อมูลส่วนบุคคล พ.ศ. 2562
140
How Not to Prepare
141
How Not to Prepare

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