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Smart Hospital
หลักสูตรบริหารการแพทย์และสาธารณสุข รุ่นที่ 10 (บพส.10)
ของสานักการแพทย์ กรุงเทพมหานคร
Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt, M.D., Ph.D.
November 18, 2019
www.SlideShare.net/Nawanan
2
2003 M.D. (First-Class Honors)
2011 Ph.D. (Health Informatics), Univ. of Minnesota
Assistant Dean for Informatics
Lecturer, Section for Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics
Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital
Mahidol University
Interests: Health IT for Quality of Care, Social Media
IT Management, Security & Privacy
nawanan.the@mahidol.ac.th
SlideShare.net/Nawanan
นวนรรน ธีระอัมพรพันธุ์ (Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt)
Line ID: NawananT
Introduction
3
What words come to mind when you hear...
Digital Health
Transformation
4https://medium.com/@marwantarek/it-is-the-perfect-storm-ai-cloud-bots-iot-etc-4b7cbb0481bc
5
http://www.ibtimes.com/google-deepminds-alphago-program-defeats-human-go-champion-first-time-ever-2283700
http://deepmind.com/ http://socialmediab2b.com
An Era of Smart Machines
6englishmoviez.com
Rise of the Machines?
7
Digitizing Healthcare?
http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2005-03-27/cover-image-the-digital-hospital
8
“Big data is like teenage sex:
everyone talks about it,
nobody really knows how to do it,
everyone thinks everyone else is doing it,
so everyone claims they are doing it...”
-- Dan Ariely @danariely (2013)
Substitute “Big data” with “AI”, “Blockchain”, “IoT”
of your choice.
-- Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
9
Hype vs. Hope
Jeremy Kemp via http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
http://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp
10
Gartner Hype Cycle 2017
https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-trends-in-the-gartner-hype-cycle-for-emerging-technologies-2017/
11
“Smart” Machines?
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-47514289
https://www.standardmedia
.co.ke/article/2001318679/e
thiopian-airlines-crash-
investigators-reach-
conclusion
12
A Real-Life Personal Story of
My Failure (as a Doctor and as
a Son) in Misdiagnosing
My Mom
Would AI Help?
13
• Nothing is certain in medicine &
health care
• Large variations exist in patient
presentations, clinical course,
underlying genetic codes, patient &
provider behaviors, biological
responses & social contexts
Why Clinical Judgment Is Still Necessary?
14
• Most diseases are not diagnosed by
diagnostic criteria, but by patterns of
clinical presentation and perceived
likelihood of different diseases given
available information (differential
diagnoses)
• Human is good at pattern
recognition, while machine is good at
logic & computations
Why Clinical Judgment Is Still Necessary?
15
• Machines are (at best) as good as
the input data
–Not everything can be digitized or
digitally acquired
–Not everything digitized is accurate
(“Garbage In, Garbage Out”)
• Experience, context & human touch
matters
Why Clinical Judgment Is Still Necessary?
16
Digitization 
Digital Transformation
17
Let’s take a look at
these pictures...
18Image Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_robot (KUKA Roboter GmbH)
“Smart” Manufacturing
19
Image Sources: http://isarapost.net/home/?p=17760
http://www.telecomjournalthailand.com/ตอบโจทย์โมเดลทางธุรกิจ/
“Smart” Banking
20ER - Image Source: nj.com
Healthcare (On TV)
21
(At an undisclosed hospital)
Healthcare (Reality)
22
• Life-or-Death
• Difficult to automate human decisions
– Nature of business
– Many & varied stakeholders
– Evolving standards of care
• Fragmented, poorly-coordinated systems
• Large, ever-growing & changing body of
knowledge
• High volume, low resources, little time
Why Healthcare Isn’t (Yet) “Smart”?
23
“To computerize
the hospital”
“To go paperless”
“To become a
Digital Hospital”
“To Have
EHRs”
Why Adopting Health IT?
24
• “Don’t implement technology just for
technology’s sake.”
• “Don’t make use of excellent technology.
Make excellent use of technology.”
(Tangwongsan, Supachai. Personal communication, 2005.)
• “Health care IT is not a panacea for all that ails
medicine.” (Hersh, 2004)
Some “Smart” Quotes
25
Being Smart #1:
Stop Your
“Drooling Reflex”!!
26
Being Smart #2:
Focus on Information &
Process Improvement,
Not Technology
27
If not “Digital Hospital”
or “Paperless Hospital”
Then What Should We
Aspire to Be?
28
“Smart Hospital”
29
So How is
a “Smart Hospital”
Different from a Digital or
Paperless Hospital?
30
Smart Healthcare For Policymakers?
Image Source: http://healthdata.moph.go.th/kpi/2557/ProvinceKpiTopicListAll.php?provincecode=99
31
Smart Healthcare For Health Promoters?
Image Source: http://www.hiso.or.th/hiso/picture/reportHealth/ThaiHealth2014/thai2014_3.pdf
32
Smart Healthcare For Clinicians?
Image Source: http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780298
33
Smart Healthcare For Patients & Consumers?
Image Source: Agence France-Presse/Getty Images
34
So What Exactly Is Smart Healthcare?
Image Source: http://cdn2.hubspot.net/hub/134568/file-1208368053-jpg/6-blind-men-hans.jpg
35https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxz9ZVvduGc
Connecting People to a Healthy Future
With Personalized Care – Kaiser Permanente
36
Back to
something simple...
37
To treat & to care
for their patients
to their best
abilities, given
limited time &
resources
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newborn_Examination_1967.jpg (Nevit Dilmen)
What Clinicians Want?
38
Why Aren’t We Talk About These Words?
http://hcca-act.blogspot.com/2011/07/reflections-on-patient-centred-care.html
39
The Goal of Health Care
The answer is already obvious...
“Health”
“Care”
40
• Safe
• Timely
• Effective
• Patient-Centered
• Efficient
• Equitable
Institute of Medicine, Committee on Quality of Health Care in America. Crossing the quality
chasm: a new health system for the 21st century. Washington, DC: National Academy
Press; 2001. 337 p.
High Quality Care
41
Information Is Everywhere in Healthcare
42
42
42
WHO (2009)
Components of Health Systems
43
43
43
WHO (2009)
WHO Health System Framework
44
(IOM, 2001)(IOM, 2000) (IOM, 2011)
Landmark Institute of Medicine Reports
45
• Humans are not perfect and are bound to
make errors
• Highlight problems in U.S. health care
system that systematically contributes to
medical errors and poor quality
• Recommends reform
• Health IT plays a role in improving patient
safety
Summary of These Reports
46
Image Source: (Left) http://docwhisperer.wordpress.com/2007/05/31/sleepy-heads/
(Right) http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/12/05/health/chen_600.jpg
To Err is Human 1: Attention
47Image Source: Suthan Srisangkaew, Department of Pathology, Facutly of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital
To Err is Human 2: Memory
48
• Medication Errors
–Drug Allergies
–Drug Interactions
• Ineffective or inappropriate treatment
• Redundant orders
• Failure to follow clinical practice guidelines
Common Errors
49
Being Smart #3:
“To Err is Human”
50
External Memory
Knowledge Data
Long Term Memory
Knowledge Data
Inference
DECISION
PATIENT
Perception
Attention
Working
Memory
CLINICIAN
Elson, Faughnan & Connelly (1997)
Clinical Decision Making
51
Example of “Alerts & Reminders”
Reducing Errors through Alerts & Reminders
52
Being Smart #4:
Link IT Values to
Quality (Including Safety)
53
Health IT
Health
Information
Technology
Goal
Value-Add
Means
54
ภาพรวมของงานด้าน Health IT
Intra-Hospital IT
• Electronic Health Records &
Health IT for Quality & Safety
• Digital Transformation
• AI, Data Analytics
• Hospital IT Quality
Improvement (HA-IT)
Inter-Hospital IT
• Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
Extra-Hospital IT
• Patients: Personal
Health Records (PHRs)
• Public Health: Disease
Surveillance & Analytics
Patient
at Home
55
Strategic
Operational
ClinicalAdministrative
LIS
Health Information ExchangeBusiness
Intelligence
Word
Processor
Social
Media
PACS
Personal Health Records
Clinical Decision Support Systems
Computerized Physician Order Entry
Electronic Health Records
Admission-Discharge-Transfer
Master Patient Index
Enterprise Resource Planning
Vendor-Managed Inventory
Customer Relationship Management
4 Quadrants of Hospital IT
56
ภาพรวมของงานด้าน Health IT
Intra-Hospital IT
• Electronic Health Records &
Health IT for Quality & Safety
• Digital Transformation
• AI, Data Analytics
• Hospital IT Quality
Improvement (HA-IT)
Inter-Hospital IT
• Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
Extra-Hospital IT
• Patients: Personal
Health Records (PHRs)
• Public Health: Disease
Surveillance & Analytics
Patient
at Home
57
YouTube: TEDxMahidolU Nawanan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuoDaJAqQ6c
58
Hospital A Hospital B
Clinic D
Policymakers
Patient at
Home
Hospital C
HIE Platform
Health Information Exchange (HIE)
59
Areas of Health Informatics
Patients &
Consumers
Providers &
Patients
Healthcare
Managers, Policy-
Makers, Payers,
Epidemiologists,
Researchers
Copyright  Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
60
Incarnations of Health IT
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
HIS/CIS
EHRs
Computerized Physician
Order Entry (CPOE)
Clinical Decision
Support Systems
(CDS) (including AI)
Closed Loop
Medication
PACS/RIS
LIS
Nursing
Apps
Disease Surveillance
(Active/Passive)
Business
Intelligence &
Dashboards
Telemedicine
Real-time Syndromic
Surveillance
mHealth for Public
Health Workers &
Volunteers
PHRs
Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
eReferral
mHealth for
Consumers
Wearable
Devices
Social
Media
Copyright  Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
61
Where We Are Today...
Copyright  Nawanan Theera-Ampornpunt (2018)
Clinical
Informatics
Public
Health
Informatics
Consumer
Health
Informatics
Technology that
focuses on the sick,
not the healthy
Silos of data
within hospitalPoor/unstructured
data quality
Lack of health data
outside hospital
Poor data
integration across
hospitals/clinics
Poor data integration
for monitoring &
evaluation
Poor data quality (GIGO)
Finance leads
clinical outcomes
Poor IT change
management
Cybersecurity
& privacy risks
Few real examples
of precision
medicine
Little access
to own
health data
Poor patient
engagement
Poor accuracy
of wearables Lack of evidence
for health values
Health literacy
Information 
Behavioral
change
Few standards
Lack of health IT
governance
62
Healthtech Startup Ecosystem
www.facebook.com/HealthTechThailand/ No endorsements implied
63WHO & ITU
Achieving Health Information Exchange (HIE)
64
https://www.hfocus.org/content/2016/02/11783
https://www.hfocus.org/content/2016/03/11968
https://www.hfocus.org/content/2016/09/12671
65
Myths
• We don’t need standards
• Standards are IT people’s jobs
• We should exclude vendors from this
• We need the same software to share data
• We need to always adopt international
standards
• We need to always use local standards
Theera-Ampornpunt (2011)
Myths & Truths about Standards
66
Being Smart #5:
Go for Systems that Use
Standards, Not a Unified,
Conquer-the-World System
Image Source: https://www.businessinsider.in/google-let-users-play-with-thanos-destructive-
power/articleshow/69054170.cms
67
• CDS as a replacement or supplement of
clinicians?
– The demise of the “Greek Oracle” model (Miller & Masarie, 1990)
The “Greek Oracle” Model
The “Fundamental Theorem” Model
Friedman (2009)
Wrong Assumption
Correct Assumption
Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDS)
68
Being Smart #6:
Don’t Replace
Human Users.
Use ICT to Help Them
Perform Smarter & Better.
69
ภาพรวมของงานด้าน Health IT
Intra-Hospital IT
• Electronic Health Records &
Health IT for Quality & Safety
• Digital Transformation
• AI, Data Analytics
• Hospital IT Quality
Improvement (HA-IT)
Inter-Hospital IT
• Health Information
Exchange (HIE)
Extra-Hospital IT
• Patients: Personal
Health Records (PHRs)
• Public Health: Disease
Surveillance & Analytics
Patient
at Home
70
• โรงพยาบาลจะพัฒนาระบบสารสนเทศของตัวเองให้เข้มแข็งได้อย่างไร
• เมื่อไรข้อมูลผู้ป่วยจะเชื่อมถึงกันได้ระหว่างโรงพยาบาลต่างๆ โดยเฉพาะข้ามสังกัด
และนอก สธ. // ควรมีซอฟต์แวร์เดียวใช้ทั้งประเทศหรือไม่
• มาตรฐานข้อมูล 43 แฟ้มไม่ครอบคลุมการใช้งาน จะปรับปรุงได้อย่างไร
• จะเลือกมาตรฐานข้อมูลยาที่เหมาะสมมาใช้งานใน รพ. ได้อย่างไร
• โครงสร้างการออกแบบ Data Center ระดับจังหวัด, เขต และประเทศ ควรเป็น
อย่างไร (Centralized, Decentralized, Distributed, Hybrid, etc.)
• การนาข้อมูลระดับ รพ. มาใช้ประโยชน์ในระดับจังหวัด เขต และประเทศ ควรเป็น
อย่างไร และออกแบบ Infrastructure Data Model อย่างไร
• Disruptive technology (AI, Blockchain, etc.) ควรมีบทบาทใน Healthcare
ไทยอย่างไร มากกว่าการเป็น buzzwords
• ความก้าวหน้าและยั่งยืนของกาลังคนด้าน Health IT เมื่อไรจะได้รับการแก้ไข
คาถามที่เจอบ่อยๆ ในวงการ Health IT ไทย
71
• ระบบข้อมูลการส่งต่อผู้ป่วยควรใช้โปรแกรมใด
• ระบบ IT การแพทย์ฉุกเฉินมีข้อจากัดการเชื่อมต่อ
• ระบบ IT PCC ควรเป็นอย่างไร
• ทาอย่างไรจึงจะมีระบบ PHRs ที่ครอบคลุมผู้ป่วยส่วนใหญ่ มีการใช้
ประโยชน์อย่างเต็มที่
• ข้อมูล Precision Medicine & Genomics จะ integrate ในการดูแล
ผู้ป่วยอย่างไร
• ข้อเสนอ: ควรเป็น Platform เดียวกัน
คาถามที่เจอบ่อยๆ ในวงการ Health IT ไทย
72
ข้อเสนอของสมาคมเวชสารสนเทศไทย ต่อ
รมว.สธ. (ศ. นพ.รัชตะ รัชตะนาวิน) เมื่อ พ.ศ. 2557
73
ข้อเสนอของสมาคมเวชสารสนเทศไทย ต่อ
รมว.สธ. (ศ. นพ.รัชตะ รัชตะนาวิน) เมื่อ พ.ศ. 2557
74
75
Necessary Standards in Health IT
Functional
Semantic
Syntactic
Technical Standards
(TCP/IP, encryption,
security)
Exchange Standards (HL7 V2,
HL7 V3 Messaging, HL7 CDA,
HL7 FHIR, DICOM)
Vocabularies, Terminologies,
Coding Systems (ICD-10, ICD-9,
CPT, SNOMED CT, LOINC)
Information Models (HL7 V3 RIM,
ASTM CCR, HL7 CCD)
Standard Data Sets
Functional Standards (HL7 EHR
Functional Specifications)
Some may be hybrid: e.g. HL7 V3, HL7 CCD
Unique ID
76
• Health IT ต้อง Follow และ Support Health System Vision
(Health Goals นา Technology)
• ต้องครอบคลุมทั้ง Health System (ไม่จากัดเฉพาะกระทรวง
สาธารณสุข)
• ควร Align National Health IT Master Plan กับยุทธศาสตร์
ชาติและแผ่นแม่บท แผนการปฏิรูปประเทศด้านสาธารณสุข
(ประเด็นปฏิรูปด้านระบบเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศสุขภาพ และด้าน
อื่นๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง) แผนด้านดิจิทัลของรัฐบาล แผนยุทธศาสตร์
กระทรวงสาธารณสุข และแผนอื่นๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง
หลักการสาหรับ National Health IT Master Plan
77
• ควรพยายามทาทุกอย่างให้เป็นเรื่องเดียวกัน เช่น Health
Information Exchange (HIE), Personal Health Records
(PHRs), ระบบสารสนเทศใน PCC, ระบบสารสนเทศในการแพทย์
ฉุกเฉินและระบบส่งต่อ ฯลฯ
• Balance Quick Wins กับ Long-Term Changes โดยพยายาม
ทาคู่ขนานกัน
• มุ่งเน้น Digital Transformation แต่ไม่ใช่เพียง Digitization
หลักการสาหรับ National Health IT Master Plan
78
• ไม่ยึดติดเทคโนโลยีใดเทคโนโลยีหนึ่ง เพราะทุกเทคโนโลยีมีข้อดี
ข้อเสีย จึงต้องเอาโจทย์ (Health Goals) นา วิเคราะห์
Information Needs & Information Gaps และข้อดีข้อเสียของ
แต่ละ Technology Alternatives แล้วตัดสินใจ
• Policymakers กับ Academics ต้องทางานด้วยกัน
• คานึงถึงประโยชน์ต่อทุก Stakeholders
• ขอบเขตของสุขภาวะ (Health) ใหญ่กว่าการแพทย์ (Medicine)
หลักการสาหรับ National Health IT Master Plan
79
• มอง Information เป็นองค์ประกอบหนึ่งของระบบสุขภาพ
(WHO Six Building Blocks) ที่สัมพันธ์กับองค์ประกอบอื่น
หลักการสาหรับ National Health IT Master Plan
80
• ควรผลักดันการสร้าง National Health Information Platform
โดยพิจารณาออก พ.ร.บ. เพื่อ
• ปลดล็อกข้อจากัดเรื่องการแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูลของผู้ป่วย
• มีอานาจสั่งการทั้งสถานพยาบาลของรัฐ (ในและนอก สธ.)
และเอกชน
• Ensure resource allocation
• Establish permanent governance body
• เทียบเคียงกับ พ.ร.บ.ระบบการชาระเงิน พ.ศ. 2560
ข้อเสนอเชิงนโยบาย
81
Envisioning a Smart Health Thailand
8282
#LessHype
#MoreHope
My Plea...

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