“Land Consolidation” As A Solution for Rural Infrastructure Problems

“Land Consolidation” As A Solution for Rural Infrastructure Problems
“Land Consolidation” As A Solution for Rural
Infrastructure Problems
Yasemin KUSLU
Atatürk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Structures and Irrigation Department, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4008-1004, Email: ykuslu@atauni.edu.tr; Phone: +904422313466
Fax: +904422315878
This study was discussed land consolidation studies that play a key role in rural development in
Turkey. Land consolidation can be narrowly defined as bringing together fragmented
agricultural lands and rearranging ownership. However, it is not enough to strengthen the rural
infrastructure alone, far-reaching projects are needed. Comprehensive land consolidation is to
transform scattered, small, and irregularly shaped agricultural land belonging to a farm into
fewer parcels that better geometric shape and larger. Also, it is a reorganization of the rural
space, which includes all technical, economic, and social precautions to be taken to improve
the working and living conditions of the farmer families, protect the soil and nature, ensuring
sustainable agricultural development, and increasing agricultural productivity. Since land
consolidation is based on the change of ancient land ownership, it is a sophisticated social
work type. Therefore, in addition to information technologies and technical personnel who help
to evaluate a large number of data comparatively, professionals who are competent in law,
sociology, and psychology should be involved in such studies. The most important thing is to
implement projects in which the majority of them can be accepted with the participation of the
landowners whose lands will be consolidated.
Key words: In-field services, Irrigation-drainage systems, Land fragmentation, Rural development, Rural infrastructure
INTRODUCTION
Agriculture, industry and service sectors constitute the
three main groups of the economy. As a result of the
rapid transmission of technological developments to the
industry and service sectors, the difference in income
levels between these sectors and agriculture increases
(Sardar et al, 2020). Since this difference is more
pronounced in developing countries, it is important to find
economic recovery in the agricultural field.
In rural areas, planning emerges as a serious problem in
the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial
society. Rural development problems are increasing,
especially in developing countries, with the growth of the
urbanization rate. (Kuslu, 2019a) The agricultural
development in rural settlements bring along the progress
in economic situation and the level increase of education,
culture, and behavior as the limits of social life is better
(Kosoe et al, 2020).
Studies aiming at the improvement and development of
rural areas are gathered under the name of physical zone
planning (Cay and Uyan, 2013). The method of this
planning is a detailed study that incorporates social,
economic, cultural, and physical elements. These
elements cover the principles of agricultural progress at
the national level and are closely related to rural
development. In a sense, this can be called "dynamic
rural reform" (Kuslu, 2019b; Latruffe and Piet, 2014). It is
necessary to plan the desired social and physical
progress in parallel with the development in the economic
field in rural areas. Physical planning is a comprehensive
reorganization of settlements, taking into account the
social, economic, cultural possibilities, and future
developments (Awasthi, 2014; Asiama et al, 2018;
Büyüktaş et al, 2018).
As each country's view of land consolidation is different
within its own internal dynamics, the legal bases it uses in
Research Article
Vol. 7(1), pp. 210-218, March, 2021. © www.premierpublishers.org. ISSN: 2021-6009
International Journal of Geography and Regional Planning

Kuslu Y 211
practice also differ. In Turkey "optional" and "mandatory"
as land consolidation is implemented by two different
legal bases. Mandatory consolidation is carried out in the
basins to be opened to irrigation considering the public
welfare. In particular, it is aimed to increase the efficiency
of large-scale irrigation systems. In voluntary
consolidation, it is done if the farmers who have the
majority in number (or according to the amount of land
owned) demand. In this study, the conditions that make
land consolidation necessary are examined. In addition,
types of land consolidation and expected benefits from
consolidation were discussed.
Land Fragmentation Effects
The deterioration of the agricultural structure harms crop
yield, and in some cases, it makes it difficult to take
precautions to increase productivity and causes an
increase in costs (Kuslu, 2009; 2020). The majority of
the number of agricultural enterprises in Turkey are
generated by businesses with less than 5.0 hectares of
land. In Turkey, the rate of enterprises smaller than 5.0
hectares in the total enterprise is 63.51% (Figure 1), and
the share of the land cultivated by this group in the total
agricultural land is 21.34% (TURKSTAT, 2020)
Figure 1. General distribution of farm size in Turkey
While small agribusinesses less than 10.0 ha, which
constitute about 40% of the cultivated areas, benefit from
about 14% of the mechanization possibilities, this rate for
agricultural enterprises larger than 10.0 ha is 86%.
(TURKSTAT, 2020). With respect to the form of the
farmland ownership, it is observed that land ownership
percentage in the agricultural enterprises in Turkey are
quite high. While the rate of enterprises that only cultivate
their own land is 81.34%, the rate of land processed by
these enterprises is 73.96% (TURKSTAT, 2020). On the
other hand, the fact that the amount of land owned by
enterprises is much precautions or less alone is not
enough to show that the business is big or small. Factors
such as land location, ecological conditions, the use of
agricultural techniques, the grown crops, and the yield
power of the soil should be considered together with the
land's existence (Sardar et al, 2020). For example, a farm
with 4.0 hectares of land in the Mediterranean coastal
zone and where products with high market value are
grown may be larger than those with 30.0 ha dry land in
the Eastern Anatolia Region. Therefore, it is beneficial to
examine farmlands in terms of natural conditions and
production systems (Uçar and Kara, 2006; Kuslu and
Yaganoglu, 2007; Kosoe et al, 2020).
All of the long-term precautions that ensure the utilization
of soil and water resources in the most economical way
in agricultural enterprises, the protection and
development of these resources, and the structural and
physical development of agricultural enterprises, include
the technical aspect of agriculture. These precautions,
which affect production and productivity in agriculture,
can be summarized as development of soil and water
resources, utility water, physical planning of rural

Int. J. Geogr. Reg. Plan. 212
settlements, planning of farmyards (Kuslu et al, 2017).
It is very important to develop land and water resources
in developing countries where the place of the population
livelihood in agriculture is important in the country's
economy (Dijk, 2002; Kuslu, 2009). According to the
researches, the construction of irrigation networks and
land development works have the biggest share
(approximately 54%) in the total cost of a project covering
rural planning (Uçar and Kara, 2006). It is a common
observation that in irrigation projects carried out with
large investments, the expected goals cannot be
achieved and the desired income cannot be obtained
(Kuslu and Ertem, 2019). In a study conducted by Kuslu
(2004), it was determined that the rate of benefiting from
the irrigation system remained at 14% in a rural
settlement where the irrigation system was completed
and irrigated agriculture was started. Similar situations
have been reported by different researchers (Uçar and
Kara, 2006; Kirmikil and Arici, 2013; Arici and Akkaya
Aslan, 2014). In general, different infrastructural reasons
play a role in this low irrigation rate such as every parcel
does not benefit from the irrigation canal, the channel
water level elevation was below the agricultural land
elevation, inadequate operation maintenance and
services, and high water charges.
Basic rural infrastructure problems in Turkey and most of
the developing countries can be summarized as follows:
 A significant portion of the people living in rural areas
have no land.
 The land of most of the agricultural enterprises is too
small to sustain a family.
 Land ownership distribution in agricultural enterprises
is unregular.
 Tenancy, splitting, and sharecropping system, which
is still valid, hinders economic and efficient
agriculture.
 In most of the agricultural enterprises, the lands are
scattered in small parcels and their shapes are
irregular.
 There is a title-use conflict in the records.
 The misuse of agricultural land has increased in
recent years.
 Some of the agricultural lands have been left out of
agriculture because they cannot be improved.
One of the most important problems of the agricultural
infrastructure is land fragmentation. From the land
fragmentation, it is understood that the land of agricultural
enterprises is divided due to the intervention of other
businesses or parcels used for non-agricultural purposes.
This situation causes both the distortion that creates
cultivation difficulties and the obligation to use
neighboring parcels to reach the confused farmlands
(Akkaya Aslan et al, 2007; Choumert and Phélinas, 2015;
Asiama et al, 2017).
The reasons for land fragmentation can be listed as
follows:
 Fragmentation by inheritance and transition:
Agriculture and agricultural activities have no direct effect
on this type of fragmentation. It is a form of fragmentation
that occurs in agricultural lands due to social needs and
legal obligations (Akkaya Aslan et al, 2007). It is a known
fact becoming increasingly smaller due to the inheritance
law of large enterprises in Turkey (TURKSTAT 2020).
Depending on the increase in the number of businesses,
business size has decreased over time.
 Fragmentation due to sale of shared lands:
It is a form of fragmentation due to the event of the death
of the landowner, the division of the agricultural lands by
his wife and children, and the legal and freely of purchase
and sale of the shared properties. (Gun, 2003; Yucer,
2016). In this type of fragmentation, the agricultural land
is divided into strips to benefit from the road, irrigation
channel, or drainage channel with equal rights (Figure 2).
 Fragmentation through tenancy and sharecropping
due to lack of capital and labor:
It is the fragmentation caused by the enterprises that
give part or all of their land to the tenant or sharecropper
because they cannot cultivate their land (Demetriou et al,
2013).
 Fragmentation due to infrastructure works for various
purposes:
It is the fragmentation that occurs due to the construction
of highway, railway and irrigation systems, playgrounds,
recreation and entertainment areas in a region. For
example, due to the construction of irrigation systems, 45
parcels were divided into 93 parcels in Demirgeçit village
(Figure 2).
 Fragmentation caused by changes in high population
density in the agricultural sector:
It is a form of fragmentation resulting from the sale of the
empty and uncultivated agricultural land left behind by the
population shifting to the industrial sector to different
people (Arici and Akkaya Aslan, 2014).
 Fragmentation due to geographical and topographic
location:
It is the fragmentation that occurs due to the
diversification of agricultural activities and crop rotation
as a result of the soil and topographic characteristics and
climatological conditions.
Is Land Consolidation Mandatory?
Land consolidation works are a kind of soil and water
conservation method. Soil is one of the main resources
required for agricultural production. Water is, the main,
irreplaceable resource, and the most important factor in
increasing agricultural production. The most important
factors that will ensure product increase are good soil
preparation, use of appropriate tools and machines,
selection of seeds, irrigation suitable with the technique,
development of soil and water resources together with
agricultural struggle, and improvement of the agricultural
structure.

Figure 2. Land fragmentation caused by irrigation network in Demirgeçit village, from Erzurum, Turkey (Kuslu,
2004)
The drawbacks of land fragmentation can be examined in
two parts, in terms of management and on-farm
development projects (Coelho et al 2001). The fact that
agricultural lands are fragmented, scattered, and small
makes it difficult to reorganize enterprises, improve heavy
working conditions for farmers by increasing work
efficiency, construct cheap irrigation and drainage
systems, and soil and water conservation precautions
(Cay et al, 2010). The fragmentation of the parcels
affects the use of the land, production, mechanization,
and the efficiency of the machine, on labor costs, on
technical precautions negatively (Kuzu and Degirmenci,
2020). The fragmentation of the parcels makes it difficult
for in-field development services such as irrigation,
passing drainage canals, land improvement works, and
in-field roads. The fragmentation of the parcels also
makes it difficult to apply irrigation and drainage
channels, which are in-field development services, soil
leveling, land improvement works, and the construction of
inter-field roads. Similarly, the fragmented parcels
increase the cost of in-field development services such
as the implementation of irrigation and drainage
channels, soil leveling, land improvement works, and the
construction of inter-field roads (Muchová et al, 2018).
Another negative effect of the fragmentation of lands on
usage is that it makes it difficult to protect meadows and
pastures (Latruffe and Piet, 2014).
Fragmented parcels have an indirect and direct effect on
production: Its direct effect is originated from the non-
plantable strips on the parcel edges. The more
fragmented an enterprise's land is the more its
perimeter/area ratio increases. In this way, due to the
area reserved for the parcel boundaries, roads, and water
arcs increase, the unusable area also increases (Kuslu
and Ertem, 2019). Its indirect effect arises from the
working difficulties caused by small parcels during
cultivation, maintenance, and harvest (Muchová et al,
2018). The boundary lengths are longer in irrigated
parcels than in non-irrigated parcels, and the edge strip
widths are greater in non-irrigated parcels (Kuslu, 2019b).
As a result of land fragmentation, the number of parcels
per enterprise increases. Parallel to this, it is observed
that the number of parcels that do not have roads or
direct access to them increased and lost their regular

geometric shapes (Akkaya Aslan et al, 2018). Farmland
that fragmented and has irregular geometry is often
divided into thin slices parallel to the slope. It is very
difficult to take soil protection precautions in these
parcels (Buday et al, 2018).
Modern agriculture is agriculture that provides a
qualitative and quantitative increase in production by
applying advanced technologies. One of the most
important inputs of advanced agriculture is
mechanization. There is a close relationship between the
agricultural business structure of the countries and the
level of mechanization (Kuzu and Degirmenci, 2020). Full
efficiency cannot be expected from modern agricultural
machinery in an agricultural enterprise consisting of small
parcels, but it may be appropriate to benefit from animal
power. As the parcels get smaller, the tendency to
mechanization in agriculture decreases, and the use of
tools and machinery becomes impossible (Arici and
Akkaya Aslan, 2014). If the agricultural lands are far from
each other and on a small scale that requires less than
time half a day, it also causes a loss of time and labor in
terms of mechanization. In addition to the fragmentation
of agricultural enterprises, their small size does not allow
rational use of machinery. Given that part of the land
suitable for processing by a tractor must be at least 2.0
hectares, a large portion of the agricultural enterprises in
Turkey is seen as necessary not to use tractors with
existing land presence (TURKSTAT 2020).
Land consolidation is to connect the farmlands to the
road and irrigation network taking into consideration
ecological requirements and combine the lands of the
same enterprise that located in different places and
directions compared to the village center and in
unsuitable forms in terms of agricultural processing
(Sklenicka et al, 2013). Land consolidation is obligatory in
irrigation areas to achieve the expected benefits from
irrigation, to increase irrigation efficiency, and to prevent
problems that may occur due to irrigation and the other
cultivation process among landowners (UKKS, 2020).
Land consolidation, which is necessary for the efficient
use of agricultural lands and for the agricultural
production inputs to be at the appropriate level, should be
a part of irrigation projects realized by making large
investments.
Land Consolidation and Rural Planning
Land consolidation can be defined in two ways as simple
and extend land consolidation.
Simple land consolidation is the combination of scattered
small pieces of land and shares belonging to the same
person or household in regular shapes. Consolidation
made in this way is cheaper and requires less time, but it
is not very effective in increasing agricultural production
and rural development alone (Demetriou et al, 2013).
There is not take place any infrastructural work in simple
land consolidation.
"Extend land consolidation" is to improve the working and
living conditions of the farmer families, protect the soil
and nature, ensuring sustainable agricultural
development, and increasing agricultural productivity in
addition to gathering the scattered, fragmented, and
amorphous agricultural lands belonging to an agricultural
enterprise. It includes all the technical, economic, and
social precautionss to be taken for the purposes listed
above and the reorganization of agricultural space (FAO,
2020). The most critical work to be carried out together
with land consolidation in agricultural planning is to
ensure that agricultural infrastructure conditions are
suitable for agriculture by providing in-field development
services such as irrigation, drainage, soil conservation,
land leveling, soil reclamation. It is also important to
arrange the agricultural enterprises rationally according to
the principles of profitable management, improve the
living conditions of families, and train the farmers.
Land consolidation is a versatile work that increases the
living standards of people engaged in agriculture in rural
areas by supporting the increase of production on the
one hand, and on the other hand, improves working and
living conditions, decreases the production cost of
agricultural activities, and is effective in the development
of rural areas. The scope of this study, which is perceived
as bringing together and reorganizing the scattered lands
owned by enterprises, has been expanded over time, and
it has gained a modern and dynamic structure in many
countries due to its role in the multi-directional
development of the rural area (Akkaya Aslan et al, 2007).
One of the purposes of consolidation is to provide a road
for all parcels. To provide transportation without
damaging other parcels, one side of each parcel must be
based on the road. In a road and parcel plan, it is
desirable to provide access to all parcels with the
shortest road length. This is possible by planning the
short sides of the parcels based on the road. In a parcel
that is far from the farm center, there are negative effects
such as low yield and inadequate cultivation of the soil,
insufficient plant production plan, excessive labor force
requirement (Demetriou et al, 2013).
Today, a far-reaching land consolidation study should
cover the following services and investments:
 Improvement of farmlands as form,
- Gathering parcels that are not regularly shaped and in
multiple pieces,
- In regular shapes, a suitable size that allows the
application of today's advanced technology, and are
suitable for agricultural activities, and
- It covers the connection of the parcels to the road
network and irrigation-drainage channels from at least
one side.
 Improving the working and production conditions of
the farmer,

- Improving the physical and chemical properties of soils,
- Construction of irrigation and drainage facilities,
- Land leveling,
- Developing fertilizer usage standards that take into
account soil, environment, and water features, and
- It includes the use of machinery and the improvement of
the economic use conditions of them.
Improving the living conditions of farmers and other
people living in the agricultural area,
- Elimination of unhealthy environmental conditions, if any
(treatment of wastewater, control of factory wastes, etc.),
- Ensuring healthy living conditions for residences,
- Arrangement of the farmhouses in a way that reflects
the culture of the village and encourages tourism,
- Construction of school, reading room, health facilities,
social, religious and cultural facilities,
- It includes the works of establishing a suitable
transportation network in the campus, between the
villages, in the field, and between the fields (Akkaya
Aslan et al, 2007; FAO, 2020; Kosoe et al, 2020).
Land Consolidation Types
Land consolidation is a process that requires intense
time, labor, and money. It provides various benefits such
as the creation of economical sized enterprises and
optimum size parcels by collecting fragmented
agribusiness and lands, shortening the farmyard-parcel
distance, and minimizing area, time, and labor losses
(Demetriou et al, 2013).
Land consolidation technically can be done in several
ways, such as:
 classical land consolidation,
 consolidation in private agricultural areas,
 special-purpose consolidation,
 simple and accelerated consolidation,
 consolidation by expropriation or purchase of land,
 consolidation by mutual agreement and land change
and
 basin-based consolidation.
Classical consolidation: Land consolidation studies
carried out with this method are applied in agricultural
areas, and it requires not only the consolidation of
fragmented, scattered, and irregularly shaped parcels but
also the necessary cultivation and technical services to
increase agricultural production in the project area (Arici
and Akkaya Aslan, 2014).
Consolidation in private cultural areas is the consolidation
of vineyards, fruit, vegetables, tobacco, and olive groves
within themselves. This is a fairly new and expensive
type of consolidation (Dijk, 2002).
Special purpose consolidation is the method applied in
case of construction of more canals, dams, energy
facilities, new highways, and other comprehensive
projects. This way, indiscriminate division of lands and
large-scale loss and damage of some businesses are
prevented (Demirel 1999).
Simple and accelerated consolidation aims to ensure that
only the rationalization of property and agricultural
business in lands where there is no need for agricultural
infrastructure and improvement works, to improve
production and working conditions very quickly, to take
the necessary precautionss for the protection of nature
and the maintenance of the rural area. Such practices are
more common in areas where land consolidation has
already been carried out (Kosoe et al, 2020).
Consolidation by expropriation or acquisition of land, in
some countries, is the consolidation done by rearranging
the lands within the framework of the laws. This type of
consolidation is applied when the lands are very
fragmented and create social problems (Arici and Akkaya
Aslan, 2014).
Consolidation by mutual agreement and land change is a
form of consolidation resulting from the exchange of land
by farmers who have adjacent lands in more than one
place (Buday et al, 2018). In some regions, such
agreements are seen between inheritors.
Basin-based consolidation is the type of consolidation
applied when the dimensions of the road and irrigation
network exceed the limits of the consolidation area. If
there is an arrangement by changing parcels between
villages, more than one land consolidation project is
combined (Kuslu and Ertem, 2019). This type of
consolidation is seen in places where large-scale
irrigation projects are implemented.
In Turkey, land consolidation activities, regulated by law,
are done in two ways as optional and mandatory. The
scope of these studies includes classical and special-
purpose consolidation. Optional land consolidation is
usually done on a village basis. Landowners who want
their land to be consolidated apply to the institution (State
Hydraulic Works-SHW) responsible for consolidation by
providing the absolute majority according to the size and
number of their land. The relevant institution prepares the
land consolidation project and implements it.
The Benefits of Land Consolidation
It is important to implement land consolidation in dry
farming areas. However, it should also be carried out in
areas that are or will be opened to irrigation (TURKSTAT
2020). This understanding is also adopted by major
investor-state institutions such as SHW and professional
associations.
In the state irrigation networks, in case of land
consolidation of irrigation projects, in-field development
services are provided to be more economical and less
investment cost (Arici and Akkaya Aslan, 2014). The
main reason for this is that there is no need for
expropriation for irrigation and drainage systems and the

areas where the road network will be passed. In areas
where land consolidation is applied, "contribution share to
public facilities" is collected from landowners. In this way,
expropriation charges are eliminated. The implementation
of land consolidation in state irrigation networks reduces
the expropriation costs, which constitute a large part of
the project cost, by up to 35-40% (Akkaya Aslan et al,
2007).
In areas opened to irrigation via land consolidation, the
rate of direct utilization of the canals is close to 100%,
thus the utility rate of irrigation water benefit increases. In
case irrigation and drainage facilities are designed
without depending on the parcel boundaries, both
expropriation problems will occur and the old parcels will
be fragmented inappropriately (Kuslu and Ertem, 2019).
Although the irrigation system projects were applied
centuries ago, the land arrangement or consolidation
studies started to intensify in the 2000s in Turkey. While
the irrigation systems were being designed, the canals
were built depending on the existing parcel boundaries.
Thus, it was aimed that the fields would not be
fragmented anymore and their shape would not be
distorted. However, such practices not only cause the
irrigation rate to remain low in the scattered parcels but
also caused an increase in the cost of irrigation structures
up to 30% due to the increase of the canal length. As a
result, it has been realized that the irrigation systems
should be built in coordination with land consolidation
works. (Kosoe et al, 2020).
Land consolidation studies also include land leveling
applications. As these studies make the slope of the field
surface suitable for irrigation, it increases the efficiency of
water application (Arici and Akkaya Aslan, 2014).
Parcel sizes increase and become a regular shape with
land consolidation. Since the operation of agricultural
machines in these parcels is easier and more
economical, the mechanization rate also increases.
(Buday et al, 2018). Because the size of the parcels has
increased, the parcels are connected to irrigation,
drainage, and road network from at least one side, and
the in-field development activities have been completed,
labor costs have been decreased significantly with the
land consolidation. According to the results of researches
conducted in European countries on this subject, labor
savings have been achieved by 50% in Germany, 20-
30% in Switzerland, 33% in France, and 14% in Austria.
(FAO, 2020). In Turkey, in different studies carried out
about labor savings rates are estimated differently.
Researches thematized the effect of land consolidation
on labor-saving were found different results in Turkey. In
terms of agricultural labor-saving, the rate was
determined as 3.5-4.5% for Erzincan-Güllüce Village in
1965 and 8.5% for Eskişehir-Alpu Village in 1994. (Kuslu
and Ertem, 2019; Kuslu, 2009).
Agriculture has important socio-economic problems in all
the developing country. The population living in rural
areas cannot benefit from infrastructure, education, and
health services sufficiently. (Akkaya 1997). One benefit of
land consolidation that cannot be determined clearly is its
social contribution to rural society. (Buday et al, 2018).
Uncontrolled migration to urban will decrease in a rural
society that is economically comfortable and socially
peaceful (Kuslu and Ertem, 2019; Latruffe and Piet,
2014).
CONCLUSION
Today, rural arrangement studies consist of activity types
follows: nature, landscape, ecology, environmental
protection; regulation of agricultural and forestry
businesses; development of general agriculture and
forest culture; traffic planning; irrigation, drainage, and
provision of them; village renovation; major public works
projects, infrastructure; tourism and recreation, protection
of antiquities and monuments; the agricultural settlement,
refreshment of the village area; land arrangement; small
gardening and settlement; supporting fishing, hunting,
and mining; protection of mineral raw materials.
Land consolidation studies are need staffs that have
some skills. These are ordered as follows: lawyers and
sociologists experienced in land-human relations for the
quality of collective life; topographical engineers for the
nature of knowing nature, obtaining and evaluating
information about nature; technical and auxiliary staff; for
the nature of the land reorganization, topographical
engineers, agricultural engineers/biosystem engineers,
and operators who will ensure the administrative order
between these people with auxiliary staff; computer
programmers who can develop programs related to the
subject; employees (driver, operator, etc.) and office staff
who can use all kinds of tools.
Land consolidation is exhausting work involving many
routine tasks at the same time considering many factors
and information. It is imperative to carry out studies
quickly, minimize the work done with human labor, and
obtain efficient and reliable results in studies. During the
project phase, the application is carried out by
considering a large number of parameters. Consolidation
studies since there is an interference activity with
ownership, it should be ensured that the new ownership
situation that the participants will accept is created in a
way that does not contradict the purpose of consolidation.
These studies included political decisions and complexity
and are made by taking into account many characteristics
of the land. To prepare a parceling plan with high
implementation success, operations research techniques
should be used. The information system used in land
consolidation works should be transferable and reusable.
The information included in the planning should be
classified according to their subjects and analyzed
structurally. Most of this information is local and consists
of basic information and planning information. The

Kuslu Y 217
information system should be able to easily access the
desired data and to exclude unwanted data. Land
consolidation is a component of rural landscaping and
attracts more and more attention around the world.
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Accepted 16 February 2021
Citation: Kuslu Y (2021). “Land Consolidation” As A
Solution for Rural Infrastructure Problems. International
Journal of Geography and Regional Planning 7(1): 210-
218.
Copyright: © 2021: Kuslu Y. This is an open-access
article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,
provided the original author and source are cited.

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