1. The document discusses the life and work of M.G. Ramachandran (MGR), a former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu. It notes that he was a popular film actor who entered politics and served as CM from 1977 until his death in 1987. 2. It provides some background on MGR's career, mentioning that he started in Tamil films in the late 1930s and became a hugely popular actor, starring in films that focused on helping the poor and oppressed. 3. The document states that MGR founded the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) party in 1972 after splitting from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhag

1. «J/(J5P712)(lJ)7 m7(3(D:Jwm@lJ)7mJo «J/(J(lJ)Jf2):Jw? 6T2Jm(6)lJ:!3 rib:J(DJ6lJT3u8r1:J6)JJ •
f2)owJg]f} m7wf2)o (71)0 (3wo~7(J:j7r1:J6)JmJ(lJ)7mJO (315(3(f)(lJ)7
6).a..JCJljJmJ(lJ)7mJ0 (3(lJ6T7S7wJg]f} «J'@abrf.
gQrrmcem ol7d6TJd1<ool6lrrg 39-::Jo cruoruroruffiCUTIDlam nJ::Jrogj6l121nf <ID::J6l<9
nJOW6em lnJdh::Jffio mlwl2ll2l::J<ool lnJ6l.Jc::JnJl<OO6em6.-
~(U~em.6m3@60 dhOffi6TT) 6m3@6o~.- rucruffilOdhuO dhl56<IDam un::Jce<ID"ldh
ffil~66ldh::J6n'560 nJffilwl dhls6<IDam ruc::JnJl7dl~6 6ldh::J6n'560 mlgjrulgj6~
aml<91121<IDl ml~ffi::Jwm mlwl2l6m36l~ dhls6<IDam o..OgjlnJBl2l0<OO6dh omem<IDoEiT"O
gQ~ 6TlJl~l6lng gjd3:&lc0.
2. crurrmomo dhl2l2JlglW66lS unlnJoroundh~m6cruffil-9ad 1964-am aml<91121<IDl
ml~ffi::Jwm ~cfuS, 1947 (X(sB(J)<IDl ruffi6CUTID1. gQrrmcem nJ"lmam~dh::Jru.>l6lgj
amlCWc::JWo 9-6lgj rucruffilOdh~lam cruro<OO::Jro ~"lrum<OO::Jffi6121::Jwl gQS6lnJ
s6em<ID16lm<OO601~60 dh6gdhffil2l::JW cruJ@::JruBl~cCUTID1~gj~ «mru6lffi ru<91
6l<IDgl<OO6emru6lffi<OO601~60 lnJ<IDlnJ::JB1<OO6em6~' 1944-6lgj ldhl1211mam ~@B
(J)<IDl 63ororu.>lmemcrulam, aml<91121<ID1<w1gjl6lS ~ms6em amlmwldh~<IDcrujmrID,
6l6ldhQl::Jgo 6l.!lJ~6l7d3 ~~lam mlem6l2l6u06l7d6lS dh6n'566ldh36em<IDlm6~
rucruffilOdh~6 0 ~~. cruro<OO::Jro ~"lrum<OO::Jffi 66ls<Wlswlam aml<91Ql<ID16l<OO<IDl
ffi::J<wl dhls6<IDam o..OgjlnJBQl::J<wl gQ~ ruerucru.odh6l~ Ql::Jg&em<IDlm gQ<ID6~nJO
6lgj<w6~ rucrucru.odhuO ~@B (J)<IDl ruffi6CUTIDl6l<OO::J~ om~dh::JnJl7d1<006em
<IDlm0EiT"O 6TlfIflJ gjd3:&lcQlls6emem.
3. gQrrmcem unld3:&l::Jml<Wl2lo 161 1216<IDam 165 om rudh67d6dhuO ru6lffi
<W6~ruW<OO6 dh"l<91gj6~ dh6gdh~<IDc6m36l~ nm~dh::JnJl7dlt66)6dh gQ~ dh6g
dh~ <IDc 6m3uO ~ omro 6l 7d 56 CUTIDl w1 36 ~ nJl<9 ru rocwl7d1 t66)6dh, dh6g
rul.!lJ::Jffi6mw~ «mm6Ql<IDl mQJdhl<w@l6lm «mm6dhlgjl~6 6ldh06TlS6~ eLn.oJO
ffi6m~t66)::Js<ID1<W66ls ~CUTIDffioJ, aml<IDl6)m ®q)ffi6o gQ<ID1~m::Jsdho ~.!lJ::JBc0

2. '~~slf&LQ)ruuugIDLE§ee>~fij
LO~ee>~~IOLE§E.lfl9m..Ll919LettlCoEJQJ)LruE§<9ee>OTJ.)ru~ruE§e§~IO~U'U.9.9
·~C(Q)~~Slf&LQJ)§g)Q.lLWguclmru<9o<9EPI.WQ!>ee>~fij~ee>ru
<Q.wS<9CE§g)ee>OTJ.)ru~rugID<9EPCruLa>E9<IDC0~QJ)ru<Q.w'L<IDC0IOcruQ)(Ql)WQlf»
.~C(Q)<.IllQ)C~L0~QJ)ru<Q.wal9<.IllQ)g)Q.lLWIOLW.>,0>~gIDLCTUCtg1g)gIDWl.f~gu~(Ql)a§
gIDCWL(Q)~~slf&litlJ"UCee>g)£flu~Cee><9~f'VlitLCWQ.lruRice>LQJ)gIDL<.IllQ)0<IDLW
(Q)6'~<IDLWQ!>ee>OTJ.)ru~ru10<9lE§ee>~ft~ee>ruQ)<9ru(f}t;-99~gID(Q)~0~9~'17
.~~SL<IDL<.IllQ)~sft<9Q!>~0~E§ee>OTJ.)ru"ruf'VLCTUJru90<Ul~(Q)ill)~<9EPL(J)C<IDg)LwLru
oQ)cee>Lml2lfl)~~WR)UlfULOgID0g)guLE§ee>~ruQ)<.IllQ)~IOC~S~0~E§ee>OTJ.)ru"ru
wmcQ)g)LWsfij<9CTUJru9L<IDC0~(Q)ill)~ee>@().)Rtg)0~E§ee>OTJ.)ru"ru~~<9EP,(ID
(li9Q)CruLruWLEJoWEJ<9<9S<9~E§ee>~<Ulee>g)'~L(Q)ill),~<9EPC10L<.IllQ)(J)rug)w>E.W90ee>l
LSruSW·.~C(Q)~~SL(Q),(IDru<90Wee>CIOg)ruQlf»~<9(li9Q)ee>1.1O~ruLru~<9L<.IllQ)
WrufUQ.lLWgu<9L<.IllQ)U)C<IDg)ru1ill)Wu,guee>ru<Ulg)~(Q)Cru<9,.'L<IDC0ee>L~Q.l8JC<Ul,
gIDL~lJU9W<9E.lfl9Lill)Wu'el~<.IllQ)~Sft<9Q!>@OTJ.)ru"ruill)Wu.0~<9EPLQ)L<IDC00
L(Ql)Qlf»'crag)Lcelal9<9~SL(Q1QJ.9La>'elYF'Ul~OQ)<Q.w(li9Q)cruLruCIOg)Lcel~<9LSL(Q),(IDru<9

3. amlfIDJJ(D)o I
tnJJ((}oBo
1. A.I~CO~cS6)c:~co~o ru.ocJal)l(D)~o.- (1) @'D ~e&sl6lm (ffi()91Ql<IDl
mlc:coowm ~e&g, 1988 nfj)em6 o1l~1cS6)oOJ6em<IDoorn.
(2) gQ'D ~e&S ~QlZ16 cfbOuOQl1m 63916lcfb gQ<TID.6'>QlOroTIDo OJ.,onJlcB6)6
em<ID60 gQ<TID.cB6)6 nJ6OroTID6~ @CTID.,em nJ'DCOl2loro6'>cB6)~oo ~cd) 6TlJOwcfbru6
Qloorn.
2. mlmCl/A.lm6tJBu8.- gQ'D ~e&glC15B cru03mrso Qlg601lwroTID1C15B ~ru
uo.,6l~ 5 OroTIDnJdbS::lo,-
(nfj)) "(lJ)7(()6)6TlmJ)5J?1" nfj)em0C15B n(j3<ID6 o1lWroTIDleJ60 n(j3<ID6 m1CO>Ql
roTID1emcfb191eJ60, nJ0 meJ6lQlof (ffi()6l~l'fb1C15B m1CO>Qlm1mQl2l06fT) crurs<IDc:13uoIS
(06fT)0 (ffi()6l~l'fb1C15B 6lnJ0<ID6 (ffi()w1cfb0(0 cru.oomc:roTIDcB6)6~ (ffi()0(f)6m36l~ <ID1(O
6lEmml)5 6cB6)6cfb nfj)em @C:I3UO.,c:roTID06l5 m5 cB6)6em n(j36'><IDoro6 <ID1ro6'>6TIl'TID5 6~60
nfj)emmcm..oQl0 cfb6em6'
(6TlJ1) "6)n.JQ(lJ)J tfb rBamJ)(2JJ0" nfj)em0am 63co6 cfbmroTIDOJ.,0 (ffi()<ID16'>crg
mlm<}dnD6fT)roTID1am 6lnJO<ID6~m6m3u8C:cB6)O, cruQllnOroTID1am 6'>nJO<ID6ruoc:co>0
<IDoeJnJ(O.,Ql6~cd) nfj)emmcm..oQlOcfb6em6'
(2J7UDr31tfb (()6J7)o. - @'D 6l.J6ffi.OroTIDlam " c:~g" nfj)em<IDlam c:cfbl03 lnJOC:B
uo1cfb (ffi()6l~l'fblam cruocru.oom ~e&slm6 cfb191C:eJo (ffi()<ID1moC:eJo cru.oonJI
cB6)6l~3 C:cfbom~C:On9:lc:mo 1956 6leJ (1956-6lcrg 1) cfbffiJm"lmJ' ~e&sl6leJ
617-00 rucfb6~m6cru(Ol~ mlm<}d.a..I1~36~, (f)OJ6T'T86'>Qlcrg1moC15B m1CO>lCTIDlcB6)
6l~ 3c:<ID0, crun.O0wlcB6)6l~ 3c:<ID0 ~CD> 63(06 (ffi()wlcfb0(Ole:CD>0 cruoneJC:QlO
63(06 (f)ru6T'T86lQlcrgU cfbffiJmlc:CD>0 @u86l~s6em<IDO6T"l1.
(cru1) "6)n.JQ(lJ)Jc:rrv(2Jtfbrr8" nfj)emoC15B,-
(i) crumcB6)om <&~oeJ1CD>1<&8..I0, crumcB6)om uoffiJ~roTID1C:eJo n.01crul
mOC:eJO cfbQl2l"ln9:lmOC:eJ0 crumcB6)o(01arnm1<Tl1 n(j36l<IDl'fb1eJ60 6lnJO<ID6cfbmroTID
OJ.roTIDlm lnJ<IDln.aeJo 6l6lcfb~g6em n(j36l<IDoroo~6 0 nfj)emmcm..oQlOcfb6em6'

4. 1Ou0(U)W9Q)cg><JU(U)~Q)E9EWlmL(Q),(CDJU<9WRYlL~Q)sft<9WIDuCIOg)LEm9LCffiCIU9
'CIOg)L(Q.lQ)Q)CruCrmCIOg)L(Q.lQ)<IDC(U)mrmCIOg)L<IDl.,RiU~cg>(X!)
'0~E§cQ)c(Q)<9IDu<ID(Q.wC(Q)g)OO~sLsft<9
(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)Ccg>Lffi00C(Q)g)<IDCW(Q)G>~<IDLWYJL(Q)ill)~(99)LuuruWLw0rnJ<llliVWcg>
~(Q)cru<9O~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDuL<IDC0(f)C2J~<9L<llliV(J)CrEJg)@O!!A)
'0~E§cQ)c<.Q)<9IDusft<9(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)Ccg>LffiOOgDcm
UmJU<9C<IDg)cg>~(99)LffiCQf)g)LQ)ruw~ruC<IDg)cg>~(Q.lQ)WLWIOLWC<IDg)cg>~(99)LQ)cg>l.cru
L(U)rulC<IDg)cg>~(99)Cocffi)(Q)cg>Lsruwscmg)'C<IDg)cg>~cg>C0(J)C2J~<9L(Q)OOC<IDg)cg>
?(Q.lQ)SW~ft~S<Q.lQl9<9Q)L(Q)'L<IDC0(f)C2J~<9L(Q.lQ)(J)CrEJg)@(lIA)
~CremLCffiW9<9C<IDcg>~(99)lfU@IDuC<IDg)LQ)ccg>LffiOO~(Q)cru<9~~<ID(Q)0R)cg>Q)Ccg>
LffiOOC<IDg)L(Q)sC(99)g)<IDCrWL(Q)I.W'L2.U9mg)CWg)LSwcftg)LO'CWg)L(Q)ill)~(99)~s(f}u
OWC0~Q)I.(Q)~LE§Em9W9Q)Ccg>rQ)Ccg>o~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDuQ)<9m~'C<IDg)L(Q)G>rmO~IOLCffi
(Q)<98g)0(~1.g)0~g)Qf)<ID~0)CWg)mu>rcruC00~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu(!A)
'o~E§cQ)c(Q)<9IDuOO~<IDS<9ft<9gn@WW9RiUlotmJcg>'Wmlo(U)Lo'W8ffi.)g)lJcg>LIO
OO~sL<IDL(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)ccg>LffiOOL(Q)sccg>g)<IDCrWL(Q)low0~WL<llliVW9<JUfUWLWrm
(Q.lQ)W'el~(Q)IDufLffiDlU9~WSCWg)L(Q.lQ)W9Q)2J<IDCrWL(Q)I.W(A)
.~ill)~sft<9Qf>@
o~E§CQ)C(Q)<9IDu<IDC0~(Q)5ft<9(Q.lQ)~sft<9Q)C'elLffiOO~C(Q.lQ)0<IDLW0~(Q)ill)~(99)L<JU
ruWLwQf>cg>1O(Q)0~JU<IDW9WLW<IDCrWC<IDg)C0(f)0Q.U))IO<9L<llliVIOuO(u)0~IOLCffi
(Q)<9IDuC<IDg)C0wr(U)~L(Q)~'o~<IDL~,(TU~~Q)c(Q)<9IDu(AI)
'omcQ)c(Q)<9IDu<ID(Q.wC(Q)g)ill)Wru0E§fU)Qf)C(Q)g)OO
~IOL(Q.lQ)Wm(U)g)'c10g)L(Q.lQ)IOu0(U)ClOg)L(Q.lQ)Wrucmu>Q)C'elLffiQ.U))~Q)E9<ID(Q.w
c(Q)g)sft<9(99)L<IDC<JU(U)'c(Q)g)sft<9(99)LW1<IDLW~CWL~0<9Q.U9m(J)'oo~slf&
LJUruWLw~tft~'elmOC-LL9IO<9LS~(Q.w,(illloWfU)'el(~~<9996~)10<9-996~
CIOg)LWRiUOg)ftWC'elg)~Q)E9oo~sLsft<9(99)lfUCmu>CIOg)Ldilo'elgDL(Q)QlIDC<IDg)W
!9g)~0R~(Q.wyRYlg)~LCffi~<9QlIDcg>LQf)Emcrul'EUlcg>g)(!II)
'0~E§cQ)c(Q)<9IDu<ID(Q.wC(Q)g)00~IOL<llliVWm(U)g)'c(Q)g)
ill)~8ru0E§fU)Qf)~Lw~(QJJl)WClJTU)Q)Ccg>LffiQlIDcg>LQf)EJg)crul01)

5. ·0<@cQ)c(Q)<9li7uem(Qwcemg)LouCrDQ)C2)>:WbIJ"UCE9CWg)OW(J)
CrEJg)@ra<9L(QJ.IDwrucOWcu@em(QwC(Q)g)WJ~<9-EPLQ)U~.Ll9CCfP<9~f'&U~J1oC(Q)g)f'&u~)ra
oemcouMCfPL(QJ.IDfWCMCWJg)LW~(QJ.IDWCOWQ)CCfPLmQ.lf2)~(Q)cru<90~raLcal(Q)<9
8g)lZJCaDg)c0CfPLQf)EJg)crul'CWJg)LW2IDLQ)C<9-EPQJMWCOWoM'EDlCfPg)'o~ra
CaDC(Q)5r:t<9<9-EP[JUCow2IDL(QJ.IDQ)(Q)~(Q)li7u0wruCow0~raLcal(Q)<98g)lZJ2IDLcal
~<9Q.lf2)CfPLQ)CCfP>:W0CM-CfPLout0cM-(Q)l>:WCQf)-MCr2)CrEJLrD(!!X)
·0~5r:t<9Wi~raL(Q)@0~@CaDQ.lf2)2IDLcalW9<9CemCfP~<9-EP
L(J)CaDg)LWLrD0WrDMg)S<9~@CQ)~o~roLcal(Q)<9li7uCaDg)LQ)CCfPLffiQ.I.ID~(Q)cru<9
o~raLcal(Q)<9li7uCaDg)L8LMffirDg)LW9tem~r:t<9m..urwLemClZJ~ra(QJ.ID~5r:t<9QJli7u
o~ftL(QJ.ID5W5<9~@CfPRi'B'l.,Q)ru'0~racsft<9aDL0Q.I.ID2IDLQ)r:tg)(J)CrEJg)@l(Q)0u
o~@cQ)c(Q)<9li7uaD<Q.w'cog)f'&l.,s0~raLcal(Q)<98g)lZJCWg)OW(J)crEJg)@crumQ.lf2)
QJrv~ra'wffill.,°'QJMCJUCru1<9ra<9LemL8LM~rDg)LW9taD0~raLcal(Q)<9li7uC0g)(J)0Q.I.ID
ra<9LaDL(Q)LlZJMW9Q)2)o~raLcal(Q)<9li7uCOg)raMW-Jcrv>:WrD<9<9<IX)
!O~@cQ)c(Q)<9li7uaD(QwC(Q)g)WJ
~<9-EP~5(Q.lQ.l9<9Q)L(Q)L2.l.l9rug)CWg)LffilQJCrwg)CWg)~b0ZJCfP0Q)(QJ.IDQ.I.ID'clZJg)(J)0Q.I.ID
ra<9LaDL8L0ZJCfP~ft~5(Q.lQ.l9<9Q)L(Q)00~sLf'&L0aDLWLaDCWtftL(QJ.ID5WCRi'B'l.,Q)ru
~~raLcal(Q)<9li7u'cffilg)QJCrwg)CWg)~b0ZJCfP0Q)(QJ.IDQ.I.IDCrDD1Q.I.ID0'(raC5r:t<9em
L°Q.I.ID2IDLQ)rug)~w®UCWg)ow(J)CrEJg)@ClZJg)(J)0Q.I.ID'cWg)C0QJaDrv<9Cemg)ra<9
LffilQJcrwg)CaDg)ra<9LWR)Ul.,lmJCfP>:Wl.,ruWM0~raLcal(Q)<9IDu(X)
·0~5ft<9Wi~raL(Q)@o~@cQ)c(Q)<9IDuaD(QwC(Q)g)WJ
lEill9CruC(Q)g)WJ~<9-EPLQ)L2.l.l9C<9-EP<9LEill9CrDOaDCOUMCfPL(QJ.IDfWCM0~raLcalW<9®U
CWJg)LW2IDLW~og)r:tWCCfPg)0~roLcal(Q)<9IDusr:t<9<9-EP[JUCOW2IDLOil.,ee:>~WL5~<Q.w
WCOW0M2IDLcal~<9QJ.f2)CfPLQf)EJg)Cru1'ED1CfPg)CWJg)LW2IDL~lZJ<9~rD(J)
WCOW0MCWJg)LW2IDLaulZJ<9g.tJ.9rD(J)ED1CfPg),C0g)WruCOWQ)Cee:>
LffiQ.I.ID~Q)C<ID<9IDuOO@Crag)Lem(Q)OWlZJ5@§u<9LQ)C<9-EPQJMcrag)c(QJ.IDW9wlaDLW
crag)C(QJ.IDaDCOUMQJc<9-EPQJM'CaDg)LWfWCfPQJC<9-EPQJMoo~sLf'&lJ"ruQJLW2IDlft
~ee:>ruOC-Ll9ra<9L5~<Qw>:Wl.,WfWCfP(L§u<99S6L)ra<9-9S6L'ol@cQ)c(Q)<9IDu
s::00
em<QwCemg)LOUCrDQ)C2)>:Wl.,CJUC~CaDg)LO::>ee:>lM<9CW-Jg)ffilLMru1W-J<9L(QJ.ID

6. m7{f{)B1ciJJ «J6TTJo 1.- /2)~ erBoJ0 6'mTO) ~oJ6lJ 6fTU.) 6GBuncBO)~ <£h"1~l am ruro~<Tn
ru.,ce<ml<£hun, m>mcBO)::)(5 ml<W/2)1~13~~cmo6)6TT)1Ih lQJ~ 0 @6)~1IhlQJ~0 6)oJocm~
~m>ru<£hm a3T06rO.
oJ}{f{)B1ciJJ(()6TTJo 2.- " 6)oJocm~~(Y)ru<£herB" n.ij)<Tn ruOcfM) n.ij)rul6)S6)<W06)cBO)
~oJ~<w0(J)1~13~ ~6TlS0 am6)cm06)cBO), a3T0 «rerumJLl<W~/2)o<wl 6l1Jm.D6)?;:j3 amru
<£hOUZl6GB~lerB~/2)am n{j)6)ml)06)cBO) ml<W/2)oJro/2)o<w m.,lmcm<£hun ~6TTSO<WOQJ~o,
6)oJocm~ ~m> ru <£herB n{j)<Tn amrumJLl <wlg..I&~ <WL.Oomano ~S /2)0 ru<£hOUZlo
amrum6)cBO)~Oo ~~cmo<wl /2)m'W1QJo~cBO)6TTScm06rO.
~mJ3u
<l3l()pl/2)a»l mlaroowm mlwlZllnJ<£hOroo
63g ~snJosl<'0"3 ~uB6)~3 cB>6gcB>~em~
6lffi6)§ 1Zl~em lnJaa»~cB> acB>cru6cB>§owl
alnJacrul db ~~ cil:lem rullS ~1 t66'J6cB>W60
acB>osemllnJaem~cB>l2lo<D>1 CRll~ nJlwlt66'J6
cB>w 60 6)AJwa»6' nq)(Tl)0<'0"3 lnJa»1 ~'D
CRll~cB>uB 63ro61Zl1~ am>m6lSnJl-2/0<'0"3 l2leml
w 0cB>6(Tl)emoGTT>.
[Mohanan Nair P. N. v. State of Kerala 2017
(2) KLD 401]
~O'O) ~em CRll~o ml Wl2l am»16)Q.J
rucB>6?d 489C, 489B, nq)(Tl)lru lnJcB>oroo
cB>§§amo~ 6)6)cB>ruCRlo ru-2/a»lm 63al6 ru~
<6<ID16)W CRl1~1 t66'J 6m 6) l2l 93:>1arn CID0
cB>oemcrul amo~ am>L.Oruo 6Tll0ffb' amo§
ru~O~IZl(6)6m(Tl) am>olaru(6)s am>m)
ru06lffi6cB>awa nJlarnt66'J6dbawo crulldball
t66'J6dbaw a 6)6)cB>ruCRl0 rucIDt66'J6cB>aw a
6)6)cB>l2lago 6).a.JCB/6cB>C3wowL.Oaroan.o6)l2l
(Tl) a»6C3 nJa6)8J ~ nJ aw a (f)1t66'J6cB>aw a
6).a.J<RJ6C3<llJOuB am>cm cB>nJsom6cB>al6mo ms
am»1 w em a6)6m (Tl) <l3l()01 C3 ru a cB>§§
ama3a6)6m(Tl) am>01arua am>w auBt66'J6
6llSowlal6(Tl)emaC3Wa am6lffi6)m rulCRlJcrul
t66'Jaem emt66'J cB>Oal6m6lffi~66llSawlal6(Tl)
emaC3w a C3lnJOcrulcB>~~ cil:lem 6)a»~lwl at66'J
6llSemOGTT>. al2larn?d06lml) am>nJalOW l2lm
8<ru..Clleml(66)s amlSoruam»larn ru~om
amo§ 6)6)cB>ruCRll2l66llSowlal6(Tl)66)ru(Tl) 63g
t66'Jaal6mam»oarn l2lala»0 63alauB6)t66'Ja»1
alowl alZlarn~o6lml) rucB>6~6cB>uB lnJcB>O
al1Zl6§§ cB>6goaalonJ6mo mlQ.Jmlarnt66'J6(Tl)
em~.
[8ukumaran @ Kunhu Kunhu v. 81 Police
Ambalavel & am. 2016(4) KHC 660]
emJallem amamJcil:l6mam»lmlswla8.10
lnJOL.Ol2l1db amamJn'l16mam»lmlswla8.lo
6l1Jm(6)~3 anJo8.l"lmJ' 63onn"lcruro,oo'
63al6 acB>(6)6)UDcru6J1.iluB cB>6go 6)ru~lruo
db6(Tl)nJ~o amallg lnJilllZlrulrual
ola~oro§ al~l~ro 6).a.JCB/oru6(Tl)a»0GTT>.
(lcB>1l2l1marn mSnJsl mlwlZlo rucB>6?d
156(3))
[Po Reghuthaman v. State of Kerala & Ors.
2016 (2) KLD 359]

7. LW9rug)~UlLmWQI)8g)ruloQ)(QlQ)@QJClZlL~,0'U~gID'RiUru<9,illgIDW~stcg>gIDLill)t9
OQ)cg>ru~<9€PgncQ)t9gIDL'€B~<9QWL~,0'U~cg>,wg)rul00~<IDLW9rug)~UlL(QlQ)QI)8g)rul
CQ.wJ~<IDL(Q).Q)SUl~@C(ll9g)creLootUlL(Q).Q)QI)8g)rultWIDu0t@8.a9"(Q)~cg>8tcg>
c~(J1uoo~SL<IDL<9€PClZl<IDe"rugIDLft~cg>ruru@oc-~ICl<9Lft~cg>ruoc-£(z)
·too~scruW;C(QlQ)SUl(ll9Q)crvLrulZlg)wlclZlQJclZlLm,0'U~cg>,(Q)lDrul
gn8f19,w~cg>8~cg>oo~SL<IDL<9€PClZl<IDe'"rugIDLft~cg>ruru@OC-lra<9Lft~cg>ruoc-£
o~racill)lQ)L<IDL8.a9SQWill)<9WQ.U(J1u°~raL(QlQ)lZl<IDLUl~Q)CW<98g)lZl00~raL(QlQ)"ICl
rtl9crulgncFtg)@0~IClL(QlQ)lZl<IDLUlLSruSUlgIDUlLlZlLcg>l(z~<917L6l)1Cl<9£L6~
(~)-'gncg>~(1)cg>g)(ll)~ruclfurv<9UJ9Q)crvLru~Lmrru~cg>"wg)rul'v
'~L<IDcg>~rucW9@(Q)'(f)C<IDg)oo~UlCS
Ft<9<9€PLlZl<IDLUlL<IDCQ.w(e6pnrlopeds)L~,0'U~cg>'(Q)g)rulO~<9€PL<IDe"ru~Q)E9
(QlQ)C~QWC(Q)g)<IDCQ.w'CWg)ill)~Q)L<IDCQ.wC<IDg)L~,0'U~,illW;RiUM<9n~RY>LMQW
C<IDg)L~,0'U~,illW;RiUM<9gID(ll9RiU~m.>QW'c<IDg)L~,0'U~,illW;RiUM<9~Q)t9
gIDLOi~cg>~UlL(QlQ)lZl<IDLUlLSrusUlgIDUlLlZlLcg>l(zQD<9-17L6~)1Cl<9-£L6~(z)
C<IDg)cg>~<9€PlftLQ)ru1g)
w;ctmru<9CUlg)Ctmrv<908lcg>C<IDg)cg>l(QlQ)SUlUlruCIClg)CGrut(f),DLWill)~tmru<9
08lcg>OlIClL'€B(Q)<9Ef}u00~Slf&L8CruL(Q)rulgIDL<ID(O)0CTW919(q)
W<9cstcg>~olru8lcg>
lWIDuill)~rucsFt<9<9€PLAi'EPLQI)gIDLOi~cg>lUlLS~CQ.w(l,@(0)
-:~<IDC(Q)QW'YJ9ClZllWill)ltmiv<9(ll9Q)
cruLrugn8f19'W~cg>8lcg>oolSL(QlQ)lSC<9€P<9Oi<9CWQJruQW0l(Q)ill)lruC<9€PLlZl<IDLUl
LW9rug)C<9€Pg)WJcg>l(JJcg>g)OStcg>lQ)t9CUlg)L(JJcg>g)0Q)(Q).Q)QWcrag)L@8.a9Q1)
8g)rulC(QlQ)g)QI)8g)rulOQ)(QlQ)QWICl<9Crug)f'UL8CruLwrulgIDL(QlQ)UlruC~Lru'Q)<9
clZlL~,0'U~ill)<9(Q)ol<IDW1QWCW9g)~lZl'QI)ru<'fuIDwl(J1uS<9traL(QlQ)Ulruc~Lru
ra<9L8(JJ(f)cg>L(f)C"8g)(l,t9'cQDg)lZl<9<&U9ru(f)UlCcmJ)O(JJCQDg)lZl<9<&U9ru(f)illlcg>g)
(l)-'oQ)CC9'LmQ.W€rnl(l)L(Q)c.wl~UZl(mL(l)Q)<9CIZlL~rru~C9'Ywg)rul'£
OW~(Q)LWS(9feJC~LewJTUewC9nWIDrul
II0emcrrrne.lf»

8. W~6)E;nsffblam, @<mlm~ ~OJ6TlSl ~c£blm (f)OJ6TI86)12l0f OJJ><B@/2}o<oolw13~~
lnJc£bOCOo arro<ml6)e.Jocoocro, arro<m<m~ (T)o(f)<ml ~nJ06)8.], ~c£bm) OJl.a.Joco6n) 6).a.J~<.9}
6TlS<m06ffi.
(3) 63CO~ ~c£bCWl6)e.J OJl.a.JOC06n) ms<m~6><£ho6TlSlcol6>cB6larrm6><m,
OJc£b~ij 3-am lnJ<mlnJOB1.~<j13~~ c£b!gc£b~<mJ>0 c£b~S06><m lnJ~<mJ><£h @ilM@ill
ce65, 1973-6>e.J (1974-6>oB 2) lc£bl1211mam mSnJslmlwl2larrmlrm c£b"lwle.J~~ l2l~g
6><mffble.J~0 <£h~g c£b~<m~0, <£h!gcB6l0COmOW <m'q)crocB6l~ ~l2lam .a.J~l2larrm6>'7;:j30am,
arro<m~0 OJl.a.JOC06n) 6>.a.J<.9}OOJ~<m<m06ffi.
(4) 1973-6>8.] (1974-6>e.J 2) lc£bl/2}lmam mSnJsl mlwl2lcmmlam n{j)CTID~
<m6><m arroS6ID31W1CO!<m08.]~ 0 63CO~ lnJ~<mJ>c£b @ilM@illce65, lnJO~WO(f)1c£b12l0c£b0
OJ~<mls~arrmo§o, 6>6>BmoBlmoslCTU.Oomarrmlam c£b~gc£b~<mJ>o OJl.a.JOC06l1) 6).a.J<.9}0
OJ~<m<mo6ffi.
5. lnJ<:a»~cfb @ilru)~lCD>.l6>S arrow1c£bO(l)6m~.l0 mSnJs1 lc£bQlClJ.l0.- (1)
lnJ<ml <m6>oB 12l.l<mlam OJl.a.JOC06TT)cn)ce65 am>w"lmmoOJ06><m <m6><m lnJ~<mJ>c£h
mMmlce65 c£h!gc£b~<mJ>cmmlrm~l2lam mSnJsl n{j)S~cB6l0OJ~<m<m~0lnJ<ml6>W OJl.a.JO
C06l1) 6>.a.J<.9}~ ~ffiJocro, OJ00oB
v
~c£h(T)~c£b§lam /2}mlm)~lsg!12l0<B OJl.a.JOC06l1)
6>.a.J<.9}~<m<mlm!~OJ6TlSl am>m!OJ<Bcmm1cB6l~<m 1973-6>e.J (1974-6>oB 2) lc£h112l1
mam mSnJsl mlw/2}cmmlam ml<B~t3(R)1.2J13~~ mSnJsl lt6>Ql6ID3uO nJoe.Jl~cB6l
6TlS<m~I2l°6ffi.
(2) 63CO~ c£h~g<£h~<m.,OJ!12l0Wl lnJ<m.,cfu9:::j/2}O~WO nJ~COOcfu9:::jl2l0~WO
6Tlf<TUl/2}~~~<mO, am><ml6>m'7;:jgl COnD(T).,12l0Wl am>olOJ~~~<mo <m'q)W 63COO
§lammlm)' 6><m@l6>OJs~cB6l6l1)6>I2l<m ~~t3(R)J>~cmm06>S, am>WO@!6>S am>ol
n..Ilam6>'7d3 c£h~g <£h~<m.,OJ!/2}owl 6Tlf<TUl6>'7d3 n{j)~° (T)°nD.a.JCO.,6ID3@~ 0, t6>~go
6).a.J<.9}0rm ~lnJC06l1) meJt6>1w <m'q)~~o, t6>~go 6>.a.J<.9}0rm lnJwom nJffb~OJnDl.2J
<m'q)~§o, 6TlfCTW6>'7d3 Q)~g6><mOCO! OJ.,<B@lc£h~§w!o (T)06TlfCTW1~ nJ~<B~OJ~o
(T)<mJ>OJ!/2}OW 6>OJ@l6>'7;:js!arrmam mscmm6l1)6>I2l<m OJJ>OJCTU.O~WOS ~t6>lsl <m'q)
OJ"<B@l00 Ql0'7d~ 6>c£bOS~cB6l0OJ~<m<m.l0 am>arrmcoo 12l0'7;:j.l 6>c£hOS!<ooam
lnJOJ~cmml 1973-6>8.] ((1974-6)e.J 2) lc£h112l1mam mSnJsl mlw/2}o 308-00 OJ<£h!
'7;:j16>e.J (1)-~0 (5)-~0 ~nJOJt6>.l'7;:jl6)e.J ~~t3(R).,cmmlmowl, mSnJsl mlw/2)
cmml6>e.J 307-00 OJc£h~'7dlm~ c£h"lwlam 12l0ij m8Jt6>lw<mowl c£hco~<m~<m<m!l2lo6ffi.

9. W9Q)cruLruL~£lU~ceo(Q)g)rul~Q)E90(Q)~ceo8~ce>O~IOLee3(Q)<9IDu%~SL<IDL(99lClZJ
tQ}9lru2Q)lft~ceoruru@oc-~lO<9lft~ce>ruOC-£(ill~sFt<9(99llfUCQ)g)<Q.wQJJ(Q)<9
(Q)~ru<9gDceoru(u)g)~(Q)cru<9~Q)E92Q)C<QJ.IDW9Q)Cce>(illlZJ<9mJ~Q)Lru0~wLruQ)<QJ.ID@
O~IOLee3(Q)<9IDu%~slf&LQf)WlZJCQ)rugm-((Bv)0ffiU9f9gu<9lft~ceoruru@oC-llO<9lft
~ceoru<Q.w0~WLruQ)<QJ.ID@ce>(Q)g)rul0~IOLee3(Q)<9IDu00~slf&LQf)WlZJCQ)ru2Q)lft
~ce>ruru@oc-~~<9lft~ce>ru(Bvl~IO<9LS~CfuE»wmc(U)Qf)ruQ.lf})(m1O<9-996~)
ro<9-996~(~)-·OQ)Ctg)LffiQ.lfl)~f<9EP.tID<ll9Q)crulJU(Q)J:U~ocu>'9
'~c(Q)(ill~ruC(99lL(J)C<IDg)rul
o~E§E.lfl.9ru<QJ.IDWce>0~E§E.lfl.9Q)cceoLmQ.lf})d~CBu(ill~OOlL(J)C<IDg)rulL~£lU~C~L~
~Q)E9gmLml"ceo(,(WgDillL<TUWCE9OC-BEro<9-VV6~)~WL(U)gDWL<TUWCE9L(Q)(J)E!2)g)lZJ
<IDLillgmillLlZJLceolro<9-vv6~'gncrwg)~ffi)ru<9W9Q)cruLru08~ceo~Q)E9(ill~rucsFt<9
OOlLRitEPLQf)gmL6il"ce>~illLS~CfuE»wCi§'~L~£lU~ceo(Q)g)rul?Q)E9(9)
'~C(Q)(ill~ru
COOlLmlfU2Q)lZJg)~OOlgnC<IDQ.lf})0~<IDRitEPLQf)~(Q)IDu(ill~OO>L(U)CQf)~WQ.lf})OlZJ<IDLill
~L(Q)Q.lf})sp>sFt<900lLmLruill<9E.lfl.9Q.lf})CW9g)CWL<QJ.ID8~ceo~(Q)IDu0~(99lgncQ)C(Q)<9IDu
f'&LmlfUL<IDCillQ)C00l8~ceognC<IDQ.lf})'~L~£lU~ce>(Q)g)rul~Q)E9(9)
'~ClZJ~(Q)WJ~sFt<9(Q)~Q)ceoL<IDC8s1g)£WL~lZJ~Q)E9
L~~~ce>(Q)g)rulL<IDCillL<QJ.IDQf)F)g)@S<9~E§ce>cmJ.)ruru0Q)<QJ.IDCi§0~(Q)(ill~ce>ClZJce>
mCru9~gnE.lfl.9lZJceolLSruSill%~<IDceo<9crugD~lZJL~£lU~ceo(Q)g)rul~Q)E9'IO<9Crug)
L(Q)(J)o(U)~(Q)(Q)Q.lf})'gnceocmJ.)ruruIO<9LE§ceo~Ft~ceoru0@-9LvO@-9lEIO<9L<QJ.ID
lZJ<IDLillLSruSill2Q)WLlZJLce>l(l1O<9-vL6~)ro<9-£L6~(Q)<9CS(Q)oscceog)~~(Q)
lillClZJC(U)S<9~E§ceoonDruru%~SLSFt<9gn@gm-(E)Et~ce>ruru@(v)
'~ClZJ
?(Q)(ill~sFt<9(Q)~Q)ce>O~<IDCoStce>L(U)crulg)~Lffi9rugnCfuE»(ill~<QJ.IDSill~(U)ceog)
ceo<9crug..u~lZJL~£lU~ceo(Q)g)rulO~<IDC<IDL(Q)SCceog),(Wg..uw>(u)<9L(Q)SCceog)S<9~<ID
L~£lU~ceo(Q)g)rulL<IDCillL<QJ.IDQf)8g)@S<9~E§ce>OU)ruru<Q.lQ.l9oFtgmlZJg)0~(Q)(ill
~ruCOOlL(J)C<IDg)rul~gnceoLsrusw%~<IDce><9crug..u~lZJ~(99lL~£lU~ceo(Q)g)rul
oE§C<QJ.IDg)SL<QJ.IDC~Ci§gnceo~S00lg)<QJ.ID~Q)Cru<9~L(Q)Q.lf})L<IDClZJ~S~<Q.wwCi§
'gnceocmJ.)ruruIO<9L<QJ.ID(l1O<9-vL6~)lZJ<IDLWLSrusw2Q)WLlZJLceol1O<9-£L6~
'ceo<9L6iC(Q)<9~~SL(QlQ)~SCceo<9CIOg)-(l)CIOg)-(~)Et~ceoruru@(E)

10. 6).!1Jqy~emlsamn. @'!l ~c£b'sl6)e.J 5-00 ruc£b~?i:j16)e.J 1-00 @n.Jruc£b~e;dl~e.JO,
1973-6)e.J (1974-6)e.J 2) lc£blmlmam mSn.Jsl mlwmo 260-00 ruc£b~e;dl~e.JO n(j)rrm~
<ID6)em . «ml.S6lJf31w!<o~emoe.J~0, c£b~grul.!1Jo<OGTD 63<O~ OUoc£b9dloJ<ID <o"lemlwlam
In.J~<ID~c£b SilruJSill mS~roTID6rn<ID~o, ~ mlwmroTIDl6)eJ .262 l2l~emam 265 ru6)<O
W~~ (<06rn~O ~u86)?d6)s) ruc£b~?d~c£b~l6)QJ ru~ru<TUDc£bUO ~c£boru~emls
~roTIDO~o, «mlroTID<Oo n..fl.!1Jo<OGTDwlam In.J~wo(J)l c66)oru~ emem~l2l0GrO.
omem~ ru<olc£ble.J~0, @'!l ruc£b~?;f1m~ c£b"l!91eJ~~ OUoc£b9dloJ<ID rul.!1Jo<OGTD
wlam n{j3<ID~ c£b~go .!1J~mroTID6)<;il3 ~c£boule.J~o 63<O~ In.J~<ID~c£b ~ruJ~l, 63<O~
rumn!l::lroTIDle.Jwlc£bl2l1~ProTID c£b0QJw~rulam <IDsru~ UOlc£b9::l rulWlc66)~ema5l mlw
mn.J<Omoc£b~em<ID0GrO.
n(j)em~l2l0l<IDl2l~, @'!l ruc£b~?;f1m ~c£b"I!91am, ouoc£b9::l1oJem n..fl.!1JO<OGTDmJc66)1
Scri5~c66)O ~<oo@roTID1~e.Jo, 63<O~ rumn!l::lroTID1«R1 c£blS~<IDe.J~~ UOlc£b9::l rulwl
c66)oru~m> ~c£bOU06)GTDem~o «ml6)~lfblam @a5l m~g6)<IDlfbleJ~o c£bO<OGTDroTIDOam
OUoc£b9dloJ<IDl2l0Wl nIl!lJOmGTD 6)!lJqy~ em@' «mlm@leJn!l::lGTD"lwl2l(6)GTDem~0
In.J~<ID~c£b SilruJ~1t6()) ~emoemlw oam, 6T1J<TW6)<;il3 c£bc£b9::l1c£b6)~ ~c£b 3~UOn!l::lo
«mleml~("Q)e.l&~ @roTIDmru~ ~m6lJ6)<;ils~arrm~c£bw~o «ml<IDlm~~uon!l::lo rulmJ<ID
ml~ n{j36)<IDlfbleJ~o OUOc£b9dlc£bUO nDO~moc£boaB ~ruuo~6)<;ilS~c£bW~o, l2l~1
mJ~lSmmom ruoocrf ~c£bou~c£b~l6)eJ rul.!1Jo<OGTDmJc66)owl «mlm~rumroTIDl
c66)~em @~<IDmlwmroTIDlam mlm~l3uol<;illc66)6)<;il313~~ mSn.Jslc£buo In.Jc£bomo,
~c£bmJ ~c£bUOc66)~c£b~WO ru"l6rn60 ~c£bu8c66)~c£b~WO 6).!1J~qy6rnem~l2loGrO.
(2) 1973-6)e.J lc£blmlmam mSn.Jsl mlwl2larrID1~e.Jo (1974-6)crg 2) @'!l
~c£b'sl~e.JO nIlm~Cillmowl n(j)rrm~em6)em «mls6lJf31wlm~cmoeJ~0, 63<O~ moou
cmmlam c£bn.11WOcmm <IDsru~ UOlc£b9::l~WO m6rnowlmo mln.Jwlam c£blS(6)emW~~
~!9~WO In.J~em~c£b ~ruJ~1 UOlc£b9::l rulwl~oam @'D UOlc£b9::lcri5c66)~ n.J~ 0~m
~'!l mlwl2lcmml6)e.J 452-00 ruc£b~<;illm~ c£b"l!91am n{j36)<IDlfble.J~ 0 @cmmmru~6)6rn
lfble.J~o @6)~lfble.J~o @'D ruc£b~?;f1m~ c£b"l!91eJ~~ ouoc£b9::l1oJem rul.!1JomGTD
wl«R1 UOlc£b9::l1c66)6)<;il3 63m6 ru~<OOl)lt6()) «ml<IDlaB~m«RI «ml<;il"l«RI m«RIc£boaB
OUOCill~m~ocmm<IDoGrO. omemoam 12l~mn.J06rolID n.JmlwlwleJ~ 0 c£blS~(0) gjOWl
om 6) rrm lfb1gj~ 0 UO1c£b9::l ln.J ~ <ID., c£b ~ curml rul wl c66)~ c£b W0 6) GTD lfb1am
«ml<IDlaB~m«RI «ml<;il"le.Jlm OUOCill.,<IDw ~6rnowlmlc66)~em(0)0 GrO.

11. 'ffi(Q)(JJJ~Eill9~(Q)E9~L(Q)(JJJ@Uoraou
L(Q)rul(JJJ~aDLOiC6'~C<9B'LaDffl92JLW~CC6'<9°W9ru~Lcalffi<9QWoraouL(Q)rul
C6'L(Q1Q)rillcew~cru(JJJ@U"oraouL(Q)rul"-"oraouL(Q)rul"(1JU9)
·ffi(Q)(JJJ~C6'CaDLffiCQ)ruQW~L(Q1Q)8~C6'00~slf'£'L<JUro2JLW~lft'>~C6'ruGJa§
°~raLcal0<9~C6'CW<JU2JCwe>LQI)~L(Q1Q)8~C6'CWrnl.l9rugncaDQW~LeffiW9<9CaDC6'
~Eill9CruoraOUL(Q)rulgncaD(Q1Q)C~IOL(Q1Q)(J)C"E)g)@W<.9Eill9QW~CC6'<.9~FU-LF~Q)<W
L8(Q)<9~2JJ.9<.9~0(J)C"E)g)@O~(JJJ@Uo~oo~SCoo<.9L(Q1Q)SWgnEill9"Q)CC6'2JJ.9ru"g)
~002JruQW°~(JJJ2JJ.9<9~aDlJOC~g)~LUJ(Q)'~cC6'<9~FU-L!w.l9ruQ)<9ru00W0
,"~C(Q)(JJJ~ruC(Q)~Q)C6'~(JJJ@U~C6'ruewg)~(Q)cru<9"(@U)-:oW9OJCfJ't,EJQ/)Lrv
'QJ9C0,,(Q)~C6'8~C6'(JJJ~ru
C<9B'L2J1Owe>LQI)O~aDOilJUo~ruS(Q)aDC0~(Q)(JJJ~ruCC6'<Q.wQ)<9ru(ORiU2JruL)
O~aD(Q)<9CaDO~cg>gID(ORiU2Jru£)~(JJJ~ooLQ)cg>l.rewOC6'l.f1iUC(Q)g)LQ)cruOO~aD
cg><9LOiE9oW(Q)rug)aDC0Q)rv(ZJ«DLUJL2JJ.9rug)~WL(Q)(JJJ~tmfU<.9CaDg)C6'~00LQ)L(Q)
C<9B'lft'>LSC6'rulCaDg)cg>~ootfiSC6'rvloruC2J~WQW~CaDg)L(Q)G))ruO~raLcal(Q)<9IDu
gIDL(Q1Q)W9<JUFU2JLW)(Q)~C6'S<.9~aDLfQC~g)cg>L(J)C)E)g)GJE9'CWg)L(Q)(JJJ~00LQ)L(Q)
COO~SCee'<9~(Q)$,IDfU<9oWruCWID~L(Q)G))ruO~IOLcal(Q)<9IDu'CaDg)ee'~<9B'L0Q1)l
~COO~SCee'<.9~(Q)$,IDfU<.9CaDg)cg>~00~SOcg><.9~(Q)$,IDfU<90UJru(u)g)°~IOLcal(Q)<9IDu
CaD[)C6'~ooLQ)L(Q)CooL<JUfG2JLWCaD[)ee'~ooL<JUro2JLUJ0)(Q)~cg>ee'L(J)C)E)[)GJE9
~Q)E9CaD[)L2JJ.9ru[)~WL(Q1Q)cg>l,R)UC(Q)[)LQ)CruCra[)CaDW9Q)ru1[),CaD[)L2JJ.9ru[)
~ooL(Q)G))ru0~raLcal(Q)<98[){lJ'CaD[)L2JJ.9ru[)~<9€PLW(Q)'ofIOLcalffi<9a§ofIOCS~<9
aDLoQWgIDLQ)ru[)~(Q)IDu'~'tPruew[)~(Q)cru<9ofIOLcal(Q)<.9IDYcrumQWofQ)(Qw
CaD[)lO<.9L(Q1Q)UJruConJJQ)C'tPLffiQW'tPLQI)E)[)crulcrumQW~RiUOg)ft2JC'tP[)
'CaD[)IO<9LaDLWrill'tP2JC<9€P2JewO~IOLC6J(Q)<9IDuoofslf'£'LQI)2J{lJCQ)ru~LaD(Lew)
°ffi.il9rt910<.9tit~'tPru°C-(;CrumQWC2Jew0aDLUJWCOU)°ewCaD[)2D<9
L2D(lJ<9102JCrvCaD[)2D<9L2D0<9Q.U9ru(J)UJConJJ°ewCaD[)2D<9LW->0<9Q.U9ru(J)
EJ.)1cg>g)aD(QwC(Q)[)(JJJfruC(Q)~Q)C6'f(JJJW9<.9<Q.wUJ<9Eill9QW'cUJ[)'tPruew[)
~(Q)cru<9~Q)E9-'~(ll)~(991Lo>91lCW0rtHJ'Ut(Q)rul~~CO>(Q)(9CPbQ.lf»0UJ(Q)ru[)
«DClZlo>rulZl«DLW£OL(Q1Q)(ll9<J'UfUg>LW9LU>C)E)[)(l,E9gl>9ruCW[)~(Q)cru(9'L
ofE9ee~LeJ)OfE9f.Hl9ufee
IIIOcmcrcme.w

12. (aul) "mlCD>l2lom~au~(O)(gOJ(O)mo" mlCD>l2lom6au~(O) (gOJ(O)mo n{j)em<ID'
63al6 6ln.JO(O)6 (gauOJ<£hcD mlCD>l2ln.Jall2loCD>l ~OJUO.,6lc;d50OJ6em In.J(O)ln..Oe.Jo
n{j)em am<8an.oarrmlam 63(0)66m36em(0)~. n{j)em0am amCD>0cro (gauOJl<006em
au<8<OOO(galO auone.J5m(gCD>0 amCD>ocro~ amm6OJB1~36~ n{j)~o In.J(O)ln..O
e.JOJ6o @(O)lam ~cro6lc;d560.
(ruJ1) "<£hOal.,o 6l.a.J~~ em(O)lm~ (gOJ6nS1<I2J~~ n.JOall(g(O)0dl11<£h(g12l0
(gln.Jal6m(g<I2JO" 63alOcro (O)ml~ 6l.a.J~orm n.J051~parrm(g(O)o, ~(gC3uol<ooo
arrm(g(0)0 6l.a.JcnJ(O)131~ oarrm(g(0)0 ~<I2J <£hOal.,° 6l.a.J~~em(O)lm~(gOJ6nS1 (gln.Jal
6m<I2J0(ge.J0 n.J0all(g(0)0dI11<£hI2l0(g<I2J0 ln.J(0)1n..Oe.J° 6l6l<£hc;dmem<ID' @'D ln.J(g<I2J0
(f) arrmlam ~cro6lc;d5 ~em(0)06ffi.
(@) aum<oooallam (O)ml<OO6~ auJo(Jj~ml2lo6ffi ~ OJ.,c8@l~ 63al~
<ru..oomo (gm516l<oo056arrm6l(O)m) 63al6 6ln.JO(O)6(gauOJ<£hrm 63al6 OJ.,c8@16l<I2J
6l(o)~P<I2J al'(O)l<I2Jlam OJluoJaulc;dl<OO6em15arrID, ~ (gauOJmarrmlm n.J6ml2lO(g<I2JO
l2l(gg6l(o)ffi:,le.J6o In.J(O)ln..Oe.Jo n.JOall(g(O)0dl11<£hl2l0(g<I2J0 mam<£horm am6m36lm ~
OJ.,c8@l6l<I2J In.J(ge.J0cslc;dl<006em<ID' @'D OJ<£h6c;dlm6 <£h'plam 6ln.JO(O)6(gffi..)OJ
<£hrm 6l.a.JcnJ(O)136~ <£h6g1210<£h~ em6·
LnJ@lcoJ6)<66)((j)lcoowl WL.Oomcm.n
Clllm1am 6)6)c£b<66)l ell 6)6)c£b?dg1W @owl
c£b6gocgcoonJ6Tno ~6YlSowlcol<66)6 c£bW6o
®Q((j)lm ®Q(06)~ nJl!lJOC06Tn 6)!lJcoJcmlml
<66)6c£bW6o 6)!lJcW((j)136~ m>o(J)((j)lc£b~lam
6)6)c£bd36)l~J1 ruo6GB6CTn@lm LU1l12l1-2l66)ru
CTn@lm ®Qwou06)<66)cmlcoowl c£bJgcru..oO
nJmo mSClllmQmQc£bl~.
[State of Madhyapradesh v. Renjith Singh
1961 MPC 778)
®Qwll2l((j)l 63C06 nJcoln91c£b~((j) m>l2ll
nD 6) Clllm m> °6nJ mJJl -2l1 5 (g Clllm Q~ 0 .
c£b1l0mm>m cgnJ(6)eJ 12l0COc£bI2lQW oJlnJ
ClllmQ6TTi'. @@ CO0n91LS6)ClllmW60 m>l2llnD
6) ClllmW 6° nJ06flll(j) 01wl<66)0m0c£b0c£bClllm
B 6co om 6GB ~1 (g eJ mYcOO' m wl <66)6CTn6'
@((j)16)~ 6)6)ruOm>6 c£buO ng)~. 6)ng).
rulcWeOO' ((j)6eJ1ll2lo6TTi'. @@ ~mowlnJcm1l
Clllmlm rulco 6lWo ng)CTn 612l0 L@ 12l~
®Q((j)16)~ I2lleJ1l6GBu06)<66)OC06 6)ru~6 nJl
~lwo6TTi'. @@ m>OffiJClllmlc£b cru..ol((j)l6)W
(J)6co6cmcol2lQwl 6nJowlc96)6c£bw6o m>QomJ
<66)ocolc£b I2lnDll2l @~O((j)O<66)6c£bW6o
6)!lJ~6CTn6' ®Qwll2l@l tIDq)coO!5Clllmlam
((j)6)ffi) @~OcWl2l 6)!lJcW((j)l6)~ll'h lam ®Q@
m>ol2llnDlc£b m>offiJClllmlc£b COOn91LS'W
m>onJlwom6)Clllm <frrl1wcgCOQ(J)o (gnJ06)eJ
c£bomCTn6 cmlCTn6ffi)cmo6TTi'.
[Ramnath Prasad Singh v. State of Bihar
2011 (1) JCR477)

13. 63<0~ Cl.l61~jlttb cru«><}daf 6)6)cfucOOleJl
a3Y0 ru UO .,) 6) 'td s ~ cfu (g W 0 6) 6) cfu cOOl eJl
c:WcOO0wl ar0 @.,)«>cm.al cOO 6)'td 5 ~ cfu(g W 0
6).aJW(o)OeJ~O ~m».,)rrB UOlcfu9:10 mlw(2)
<mml6)eJ 161-00 rucfu~'td~lnJcfuO<OO <If(O@
cfu~ gcfu~ (0).,)00wl (O)4<o~ffi)(o)06TD.
[MubarakAli v. State AIR i 958 MP i 57]
63<O~ "Cl.l6YJdlttb cru«><}daf' mlw0loJ
dbO<Oo <GI0 .aJ~0(o)eJdbu8 ml«><}dn.DlcOOorrB
db!91mJoru~ffi)1s(g(lffij)O§o <If(Owou8 nJ~lttb
cru«><}d~owl(O)6)ffi) (0)~5<0~ffi)(O)o6TD.
[Ajudhiya Prasad AIR 1928A11752]
loJ(O)l 6)6)dbcOOleJl cruJ (g(2) WWO
cruJ'db<ol-?zl~6)ruffi)~~(O)6 cruo6illm.Dl(g-?zlo
<If(O6)~ ffi:>1a53 6)6)dbcOOle.II m a53db&ffi) (0)6
cruo6illm.Dl(g~o ~~ 6)(O)§lru~db§~6)S
<If(O@O(lJ(lffij)lmi1 <If(Owo§lmi1 mlffi)~o Cl.l6mo
db6)6TlSS~<mm~ n{j)ffi) 63g cOO0<06m<mm0a53
00l(O)o .aJ0«>~~ 6)(O)§lwlcOOomodb1~.
[Surajmal. v. State 1980 Mad. LJ (Cr.)]
6)6)cfucOOleJl (o)~db (0)46)<0 ml'[;1do<o
0(6)6mffi:>1a53 (gloJocruldb")lo9:1rrB <If(Om~0(O)l
m«mcfuorrB ~arro)<oruoI31(o)J6)'td3 <If(Owldbo
<O(gdbUB<mmlm ldb101ma53 (gloJocruldb")l
n9::Im ojdb<00 (lJdb~'td~<meJ <If(O(8mJn9::16m
rul.aJo<06m m5<mmlwoa53 0(O)l(8wO n{j)ffi)
<£ho<o.,)o (O)'<O~(2)omlcOOo(lJ~ ffi)(O)06TD.
[Hanmantappa Murtyappa Vijapur v. State of
Maharashtra (1) RCR(Cr.)]
dblO~(2)oolCQJ cruocfu9:11 (O)6)~ 6)(O)§l
rula53 (8loJocrulcfu")ln9::16)ag 63<06@O(J)6)<mm
00l(O)o <If(Om~cfuleJl.gJ 6)(O)§lo.':i ma53db~ffi)~
6)(lJffi:>la53 <If(OWO§66)S 6)(O)§lo.':i (8dbos(0)1
tfuu8 ru§6)<O lUOCW(gW06)5 12l0l(O)(812l oJ<ol
(J)6mmwl6)eJs~cOOO(lJl·
[Gaddam Mutyala Rao v. State of AP 2006
(2) ALD (Cr.) 972]
a. m1(D)Qlom!<yu~<mQl~06)(mClCD>O, <r.ml!9112l<m1CD>OCl8.JO 6>oJO<m!ClCTUC1Jcfb6>m
<YUJow"lm1 c96'>! <m<m1 mOCD>1 loJ<m1nD8.Jo 6) 6> cfb?iHn<ma».- nij36)@ffi:>18..l!o
6)nJO(O)! G:cruru t& 6)m, @Ocwoun Clcfhlm (J)ru611B6)0crB' G:8..IO, ffi.)om.lO 0 en
(f) ru6ffi>6)0<1'G: QJ0 nJ0«>GJ 6)12)(1'6)QJG:cwo, cruocru.oom mlcwQ)cru@ @OL.Oruo
2-00 rucfh! '7d'6)QJ 6lJ6fYU.)0 (crul) cwlam nJrooQ)<B(fl)1~3&~ nill6)(O)ffi:,18J&0
cruro<flt))oro c£bffilmlcwl6)QJ(gcwo (gcfhOro'7d(g0n9:Km <r.mll£lOJO lnJ0 (gBem1<& @oWl
(£hO(O mlDonJmmTIDl6)QJ(gcwo 6)nJO(o)~ G:cruruc£bm(6)6TDffi:>lam, nm(O)~ G:nJrolam
<moolcw6)'7d308..l~0, mlCQ)Q)om~cru~(o)I2J~06)(O) °CQ)O <r.mlIPll2J(O)lcwlQJl6)S(]COJO nJoall
G:(O)on9:::11t&(]l2Jo, (]lnJal6YD(]CWO 6bJQJ~ mTID'lnJ(]QJorsl?d'!~ nill6)m5)ffi:>lQJJ0 63rnG:B~o
(f)lc£bc£b~(o).,)o 6)~~~OJo(]mo <moanlammlC'i"D ru13~ mlG1<flt))~ruo(gmo <momTIDalo
6)nJ0(0)~ G:cruOJc£b6)~ 63rn (]B~0 (J')lc£b .aJ~ Q)(0) 8.J mlro<)drill1cB6l~ (] m.JOun nill61(0)
ffi:>lQJ~o (lJ~c£XID1G:cwos <mom~@ruo cfho6YD1<flt))~ cm®lG:mo c£bo6YDlcOOo(O)l(OlcOO~
c'ffi(O)l(]mo n{j)6)m5)ffi:>lQJ~0 (]crurumo 6)~cril(O)~ 6lc£bOS~cOO~cm®l(gmo 6)c£bOS~

14. c66)0emlro1c66)~ <Tneml<&m 0, n(j36)emffh18J~° OJJ>c6®1co>lammlrm 63ro0em emmlc66)~
<&OJ6llS1<&CO>0 QJ <&$?6)ema:n18.1~° OJJ>c6®1c66)~<&OJ6llS1<&CO>0 n(j3em~ em<0<mID18J~ ~
om6)ffij) ffh18J~° loJem1n..OeJ° mJllcfu<01c66)~cfu<&CO>0, <&m S~ cfu <&CO>0, mJl~cfu rolc66)~
OJocm mJl2:tZlemlc66)~c£b<&CO>O <&ms~ OJoem l(J?)12l1c66)~ cfu<&CO>O 6).n.J~~ <Tn®' (3
OJffidl1o)<mIDlam cfu~ oCO>06)emco>~ 01 (7 OJffidl1o) OJ6)<O arrQ)cfuOOJ~ <Tn emsOJ~ o.
oJlS9en)<Btl)~° 6nJ O(lli~mlO m 0c66)~<Tnem06T"l1.
~mJ§u
63ffi! nJ61"~Pc£b rrumQdogl6Jm rruJOW~ efr.,!gefr.,~aJJ~o ®OCQJOuO 6J!lJcWaJJ1§!@§aJJomfl
mlcB6l!0.naJJlmoCQJl 63ffi! rruJefr.,Offi~ OJ~.&Ml)l efr.,ffi!aJJ6J';';jS!(ffiaJJ0610.
6J6)efr.,cf16)le.Jl OJ06ID3!efr.,CQJ06J6mffulaffi @'D [Santy George v. State of Kerala & anr.
mlCQJl2l«ffij)l6Je.J OJefr.,!?d 8 lnJefr.,Offil2l2,@§ 2016 (2) KLD 29]
9. 6)nJ:><ID& <&m>OJcfbffi&QloCDJl OJ.cB<l»lnJ<OQl:>CDJ CTUJOW"lffio 6).!lJ8J&<tffi»&<m
<IDlm lnJ<IDln!le.Jo 6)6)dhe&J~H<ma».- n(j36)<IDffh18JJo 6)oJoem&<&mJOJcfu6)m,
<moCO>:>em <&cfuLeE enOJ6T'r"B6)QJem1<&CO>:>, ffiJ 0ffi.l.O 0m enOJ6T'r"B6)121em1<&CDJ0 oJ0ffi8.1
o 0
6)QJrrgl6)8.1<&CO>a ffiJ 0mlOa m mlCO>I2lffiJ@ <mo1.OOJa 2- 80 OJcfu~e&J16)8.1 6l.J6ffil.)0
( ffiJl) co>lam oJ<t>0 121ffi (J?)1~13J,~ n{j36)<mffh18.1J,0 ffiJ ffic66)0ffi cfuffiJmlCDJl6)8.1<&CO>0
<&cfu 0 ffi?d <&0 dl1em <mo1.OOJ0 loJ0 <&B(J?)1cfu <mo w1 cfu0 <0 mlO 0 nJ m <mID16)8.1<& CO>8
6)nJoem~ <&ffiJOJcfu m 06)6ma:nlam n(j3em~<&oJ<olam <moo1CDJ6)?d388JJ,° OJJ>c6®loJ<t>
QJOCO> ffiJJow"lmo mS?d18Joc66)&<Tnemlmoco>l oJo<ol<&emodl11efr.,<&QJO <&loJ<06m<&CQ)O
6).oJ8J&<mIDl lnJ<&8Jo@1?dl~ n{j36)emffh18J~° 63'D<&BJ>0enlcfucfu~emJ>0 6).n.J~~OJo<&mo
<moemlammlrm OJ13J, mlamc66)~OJo<&mo <mo<mID<oo 6)nJoem~ <&ffiJOJcfu6)og 63'D<&B~O
enlcfu .n.J~ QJem8J mlffi<:1ln.Olc66)~<&ffiJa em n(j36)emffh18J~° OJJ>c6®l<&CQ)os <mom~@OOJo
cfuo6mlc66)J,<Tneml<&mo cfuo6mlc66)oeml<olc66)~ <Tneml<&ma n{j)6)ffij)ffh18J~o <&ffiJOJmo
6).n.Jen)emJ, 6)cfuOS~ c66)~ <Tn<ml<&mo 6)cfuOSJc66)oeml<olc66)~ <Tneml<&mo n(j36)emffh18J~ 0
OJ~c6®lCQ)lammlrm 63<0oem emmlc66)J,<&OJ6llS1<&co>o QJ<&$?6)ema:n18J~ 0 OJ~c6®l<66)J,
<&OJ6llS1<&CQ)a n(j3em~ em<O<mID18J~~ n{j)6)ffij)ffh18JJ0 loJemln..08Jo ffiJll cfu<olc66)Jcfu
<&CO>o, <&ms~cfu<&CQ)o, ffiJl~cfu<olc66)~ OJoem ffiJl2:tZleml<66)~cfu<&CO>o, <&ms~ OJoem l(J?)QJ1
c66)~cfu<&CQ)8 6).n.J~~ <Tn@2 (3 OJffidl1o)<mIDlam cfu&OCQ)86)emCQ)J0
2 (7 OJffidl1o)
OJ6)ro m"l6llSJ mle)'c66)8OJJ <Tn cfu08J CQ) ~ OJ18JJ~ emsOJ~ (J?)lcfuS1wc66)~ 0
oJl 9en)c66)~° 6nJ8(lli~mlOm 8<66)~<Tnem8m).
'. 2014 6)e.J ((J~<£hS 1 rudh6?d 58 l(udhOCOo "6 l2locruo" "5 ruron<l1o" nmm'J l2logo ruco6=1m>1§6Gn3·
2014 6le.J ~<£hS 1 rudh6?d 58 lnJdhOCOo "6 l2locruo" "5 ruron!l:lo" nmm'J l2logo ruco6=1m>1§6Gn3·

15. 10. 8, 9 <lI<£b!~!<£b~lam oJalO€2l<8CR>l~13!~ 6>oJOCID! (gcrJ<lI<£b6>nB <XloJal
6m.e6)6garrmlm6~ CR>1dh!I::l: - 63(Q&6)oJo<m6amJrudMm CGlQ)wl(Qld3f,)&em n{j36)<mQ
alO~no, «3)(}wound3f,)& aru6Tl51 8, 9 <lI<£b&?d6c£b§lam nJ(Q0€2lro<JOl~cJ136~ c£b6go
6)!:l..lcQ)<m1366)6Tl5ffblam c£b&gamnlm& alnJC06m 6)!:l..le.J&amnlw13&6)6Tl5ffblam c£b&go
6)!:l..lcQ)(0) cd) alnJ(Q6mW 66)S nOe.IlL}0W 0eJ&° gQ6)~ ffb1~&° ("l.J~9cQ)ce6) 6TIJo(ill~
cru.omOc£b6em<m&0, 5 rurorillamnlam «3)(}w1c£bfLloc£boru6em<m&0 6 fLlomJamnlam
c£b&O(06)<mW6fLl6~ <msrulm <JOlc6rl::lld3f,)6)?ds6em<m6fLlO6T"D.
11. 63CO& 6)nJo<m&amJruc£bmow136§..§ CGlQ)un, CGrQ)COOWO~60, <mmlce6)
amC(6)amn «3)(}olWOfLlowlco6ema<mo, «3)(}olworu&em(]<mo mS(Qlll)lw13&§..§a(O)o
«3)(}Woun msamnocm anJoc£blema<mo CGlQ)W n{j36)<mffbleJ6o gQsnJos6c£b§6fLloawo
mSnJslc£b§&fLloawo 6TIJm.DfLl&§..§a<mO, 6TIJm.D6)~socm anJOc£b&ema<mo 6TIJmD"
fLl&6Tl50wlco&ema<mo CGlQ)W n{j36)<mocoo§&° «3)(}6)~ffblam <m6)~ 63'DaB~o(J)lc£b
!:l..l&fLl<m~c£b§6fLlowl n.(j36)<mffb1~60 <mcoamnl~6§..§ 6TIJm.D0&~a@G cmom c£b~96
aB~o(J)cru.o mow n.(j36)<mffble.J6o 6)nJo<m6(]mJruc£bm6fLlOCilJi 6TIJm.DfLl6~(]cmo
<mmleOO' <moeJnJal~fLl!§..§6)<maemo 6TIJm.DfLl6~6)<maemo «3)(}olwo<ll6ema<mo
CGlQ)W CGlQ)§lam mlem lnJ<mlnO~o c£blS06)<m(]WO lnJ<mlnO~o «3)(}nJco~oo.'1<m
6)fLlem fLl mC'pdl ~ Cl d3f,)16)d3f,)0(]6Tl5Cl ruleJ nJl sl?d6§..§ n.(j36)(0) ffb1eJ6° rumJ<m6
<mmld3f,)6 aru6Tl51awCl fLlag6)<mffble.J&o ru~d1®ld3f,)! (]ru6Tl51awCl cru.olcofLlow1
mJJ~ce:, cold3f,)!ce:,awo, ams6ce:,awo mJJ~c£bcold3f,)6 ruom mJ0ll <mld3f,)6 c£bawo
(]mSom l<JOfLlld3f,)6ce:,awo 6)!:l..lcQ)<moam 6 fLlomJamn1am c£b6owoamn<m60 5
rurorill° ru6)cow 0c£b°ru!em<m6fLlClW <mSru&° nJl9w6° <JO1cM:1 eJiS1d3f,)Clm6TIJCl(ill~
cru.omClc£b6em<mCl6T"D.
12. 7 «3)(}6>~lB>lam 11 <lI<£b!?d6<£b§lam mlro<.1l!:l..ll~36~· alnJal6TT).e6)!g
am»lm!~ CR>ldh!1::l.- 7-00 ruc£b!iI cmo6)~ffb1am 11-Clo ruc£b!~lm6 c£b~91am
<JOlc6rl::lld3f,)6)?dSClru!em c£b!g° 6)!lJ~Clm CGlQ)al (]lnJ(Q1?dl~CleJ6~>CGlQ) c6:>6g°
6>.!lJcQ)<mcd) alnJal6mW66>S nDe.Jt2l0aWCl cmo~Cl6)<mawo ~WO~6 ° (7 rurorillo)
ru6)(Q m~3Clru& em (3 rurorillo)amn1am c£b&OW061(o)W6~ <msrulm6° nJl9m)d3f,)60
rulwld3f,)oru6em<mo6T"D.
13. 63al! 6>oJO<l»!aCTU<lI<£b6>ng <£b!g,e,alt2l0<ID 6>nJal6€2log Blo9:j~o.- (1)
63C06 6lnJO<m6amJruc£bfm c£b6gc£b(()t2l0W 6lnJ(Q!t2lClg Blrill~o msamn6c£b6)Wemoam.

16. crumQID)
~~UJJ~SOJg)C(li)g)L2.IJSfUg)~<.9G'L:.IDB'fruO~IOL(83(Q)(98g)7JC(o)g)L2.U9rug)~<.9G'LW(Q)
C<IDg)S(9lraUU::JL(Q)0LmQID)c<IDg)(Q)(9cffil(J(Q)~(U)~WC0<IDLWcrug)~(Q)S:Wru~~ftLslfU
raLru°~raLcal(QjJ(9(f}uC0g)flOl'EP~w<Qw<IDCWml.m.l90CUXU9fUC!)
-'gnC<IDQll2)£l2lC(ll)(f}u(Lcru)
CrumQll2)£l2lC(Q)~rv<9c<IDg)'Of?~~L8ru~WQID)WJCItt>fu<9~(Q)QJJ2)W<9LE9CQ)
C8<90C<IDg)'EP~ffi)fU<90CDC<IDg)LWLru<P~8C<IDg)C0<2lruCWl1ID.9ruC<IDg)(Q)<9Cr¥30m.D(U)
f(Q)(U)°~<ID'EP~(Ql.Q)~Q)ru°8c0£l2lL(Q1Q)ffiLruW0L<IDCWL(Ql.Q)CDC<IDg)r(J@W;<9(Q)
~(Q)s:wru0~raLcal(Q)<9HJu<IDCQ.wC(Q)g)5ft<9<.9G'lfUr:arag)L<IDra(Q)0~fU'crag)L(Ql.Q)W9
(QjJI<IDLWW;<9W£l2lL<ID10LW(ll)(f}uWJ'EPru(U)g)~(Q)Cru<9~Q)E.9(L(U))
CrumQll2)~£l2lC(Q)£OJfU<9C<IDg)'EP~<.9G'L0QJ)IWJC5Wg)'c<IDg)'EP~<.9G'
L(Q)cmJ(U)WJcrul<.9G'LQ)'EPl.f(u)'C<IDg)'EP~SWg)'C<IDg)'EPl<.9G'LQ)'EPl.f(u)LemC0Q)Lmu>
C<IDg)L2.U9rug)~<.9G'L<.Q)fpfru0~10Lcal(Q)<98g)0C<IDg)L2.U9ru[)~<.9G'LW(Q)~(Q)s:wru°~raLcal
(Q)<9HJu~~R)lSlfUralJDC2.U9g)C<.9G'<9L<.9G'CraLM.JW0y.u(()<9(Q),CDCfQ)ruQll2)ora(JU
L(Q)ru1Cemg)(Q)<9CSl'EPora(JUL(Q)ru1C(ll)g)LW£l2lLE9CQ.w<IDCQ.wC(Q)[)(ll)lruCemL°QID)
C(ll)g)(Q)<9~l0m.D11l9C(ll)g)(Q)<9~l0fQ)rur:ac(Q)~Lw(Q)'c(Q)g)~~0()LorU9L<IDC0
lW'EPru(u)g)~(Q)cru<9O~raLcal(Q)<9HJuemcwmu>CDcf8g)~ml.'EPWJc(Q)c(Q)g)~~w
mDl1l9~~raL(Ql.Q)Q)(Q)0~raLcal(Q)<9HJuLemC0~E9'e'10(Q)0~fU'EPLCDCf8g)GJE.9W;<9(Q)
C(ll)g)LW£l2lLE9CQ)C(Q)<9HJuemCQ.wC(Q)g)(ll)~Q)LemC2.U9l0m.DfU9'c(Q)g)(ll)l'EPCru[)
WJcsft<9mDl1l9'C(Q)g)~~0mDl1l9C<IDg)C0l§'EPLSruSWC<IDVC0l§'EPlSCruS®
°~raLcal(Q)<9Ef'uemCQ.wC(Q)V(ll)l'e'(jrug)WJC(Ql.Q)SW'C(Q)g)~~5LemL(Ql.Q)SWC(Q)g)(ll)
lrucemL0QID)C(Q)g)(ll)lQ)LemC0C<IDL0QID)(Ql.Q)<9Q)Wg)~Lw(Q)(LI1l9)
crumQID)
£l2lC(Q)~fU<9Cemg)'EPl<9-€PL0QI)1WJCrulSOJg)Cemg)'EP~<.9G'L(Q){JW(U)WJCrul<.9G'
LQ)'EPl.f(U)'CemV'EPlswg)'C<IDg)'EP~<.9G'LQ)'EPl.f(u)Lemc0Q)Lmu>olOouL(Q)rulolraLcal
mD<9(f}u~lem'EP<9LmE.9°W(Q)rug)<IDC0(Q)~(U)~OJC0emLwO<IDg)(Q)<9CffiQll2)C<IDg)C0
'EPLRiUC(Q)g)LQ)cru10<9crug)l(Q)fi;"LQI)W0CQ)ru£l2ltf6l'EPru·OC-Lcemg)L2.U9rug)l<99'
L<.Q)fpfru°llOLcal(Q)<98g)0C<IDg)L2.U9rug)l<.9G'LW(Q)gnC<IDQll2)((f}u)

17. o~emL(Q)6'<)ruemLswg)o<)ratcw~wCQ.ws(9tra
[L6c8H>l(v)L~OC(eSB8U!!BiBl8NS)LscruSG:§o~~fDgJ(UJ~~ruo~em(JJj(9
"SJO'l?SVIUBJpUBLPBUBULjOVl"}j"iejBlS](Q)~LCffiem(9C~U:V<)Qf)ru<QwL(Q)LOTW8W0
"9J9C(Q)al9(9{Pg)LemL§(Q)(9L((D60Q)mCQ)ruQill)5PL(Q.lQ)<)(Q)~ceo8~ceo~Q)E9emC0
ruC(Q)~(Q)S,WruLemC(Q)(JJj~Q)LemCal9~0m.ofU9UUgJCRl"EPLQf)oQ)ccwrul(!!!)(P)(~)£~ft~cwru
E§8l~raL(Q.lQ)Q)(Q)0~raLCffi(Q)(9~~LlVZJ(Q)ra(9L(Q.lQ)0emLWWmCQ)g)LWL(Q)0LOiQillJ
ftSCWID
°YJ9C(Q)
(JJJ~rucSft<9<.9€PL~LQf)O~WL(Q)(JJJ~<.9€P~S~cfilfUo~WLruS(Q)aDClZ'J~(Q)~~aD(Q)<9
CaDO~CEP~L<.Q.lQ)(OR;UQ>ruV)O~(Q)(JJJ~ruCSl.WQ)<9ru(ORiUQ>rum)O~WCEPru(U)~
~(Q)cru<9~Q)c(Q)<9IDu(JJJ~<.Q.lQ)SWO"R;Ul88ClZ'J~Q)ru<9aDClZ'JQ)CEP8~CEP(C;)
°YJ9C(Q)W9<.9€P~LaDL0Qill)f7LQ)(U)~WQill)
CE§~CEP~ruQ)<.Q.lQ)(§CE§~E.lU9srv'cE§~CEPOTWru"ru10<9L<.Q.lQ)lZ'JaDLW°~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu
~~IOLruIOLWaDClZ'JCEPmCrtl9~CEPru(U)[)~(Q)cru<9~Q)~'sp>F~lQ)CEPl.r(U)oWClZ'J~Q)ru
oQ)<.Q.lQ)Qill)0~(JJJ~CEPClZ'JOWQ>(JJJ(J}u0WClZ'J~Q)ruf'&LQ)CEPl.r(U)Y-DLW~LPit(Q)C(U)I:D
aDClZ'J(Q)~(u)~WClZ'JaDLWO~IOLCffi(Q)<9IDu~C(JJJ(J}u,ffu(Q)C(U)I[)(JJJ~SFt(9aDLOQill)
WJ<9L<.Q.lQ)WClZ'JtQ)ru"LaDCWL<.Q.lQ)"Qf)EJ[)(§WJ<9LfttCEPruc:u~-'OW!JOJCfPfs,E)QJ)trv
'~LCffiru<9t(JJJtQ)
l!5"ru<9°Qf)ruCEP<9<9CPit[)(Q)C(U)I[)aDClZ'Jm.Drtl9°(U)W9ruCru[)~(Q),WruomlID
aDClZ'J~(Q)<.Q.lQ)CCEPCWC<.9€PLftLmCrtl9[)~<99'W9CEPLaDClZ'JQ)CEPL(Q),CD~(Q)°~(Q)<.Q.lQ)C~lZ'J
CEPL(Q)cru~WCQw~LPfu(Q)C(u)I[)WClZ'JtQ)ru(JJJtsFt<9aDLOQill)S<9tE§CaDQill)~aD
lZ'J(U)°~IOL'EB(Q)<9IDu~Lru~aDracCEPCEPLCDC'l8~C:UE9WJ<9(Q)C(Q)[)(JJJ~<99'LQ)l!5"ru<9
OQf)ruCEP<9<9CaD[)L(Q)6'''rutQ)c8<9lZ'JLW9ru[)~<99'LW(Q)CW:DC(Q)(~)
crumQill)'sp>(JJJ~SW[)ClZ'J[)wmc(U)o~raL'EB(QJJ<9(J}uoo~FtLslfUlOLru
ClZ'J[)'llOlCEPtwCQwaDClZ'Jm.Drtl90MW9ru(Q)(9C~aDS<9C<.Q.lQ)~'1Q)ru@c(Q)t(Q)cru<9
lp)crill[)~<99'LQ)L<.Q.lQ)weOTW(JJJ(J}uQ.UCEPru(U)[)~(Q)cru<9~Q)~(!II)
crumQill)'c(Q)[)(JJJtSW[)cru~~(Q),Wru~~ft
LSlfUlOLruO~IOL'EB(Q)<9IDuClZ'J[)'llOlCEP~WCQwaDClZ'Jm.Drtl90(U)W9ruCaD~LW9ru:D
~<99'L(Q)6'''ru°~IOL'EB(Q)<98~lZ'JCaD~LW9ru~~<99'LW(Q)~C<99'<9L<.Q.lQ)~SFt<9CDCaD~
ru~Q)~80WCOTW~<9(Q)(JJJ(J}uQ.UCEPru(U)~~(Q)cru<9~Q)~(I!)

18. [Vasantrao Guhe v. State of MP 2017(2)
KLD 547]
<morro <m~cfu 6)6)cfucfuOal~o 6).oJcW<ml
316) ~ em;>, 0 <m;>, cfu w1 (] C2l am <m ml rB6l
mJl?;:j<06)6)OJmJ()l amWlcfuOalo l2l0l<ID(]12l
@6T'TSO wl al;>, on;>, ~l6)OJ em ;>'l2l 6~
cfuOal6Tn6UBun nJ()6llml);>,6)cfuosr-@" lnJ<IDlce6)
@'D mlWl2lLnJcfuOalI2l6~ 6TlJo(ill~<mw1am
mlon;>,o alc£h9::l6)?;:jsomocful~. [OJcfu;>,e;;J
13(1)(C)(d)]
[Vijayakumar v. State 2016 (2) KLT SN 23]
@amllal<66lS~OmJ6cfuun I2ll~~m1<o~wo
mSamlllw 63.n{j)o.~<O n9:1"ig6cfuun cfu06mO
CO'>ow<m;>'l2lowl 6TlJmJJ6)~~ 6)nJo<ID;>,~m
(]mJOJcfuro 63al;>, LnJ(]<m~cfu oJIrso(J)o @(]B
~O(J)oro<mDlcfuunce6) (]~o~l ~rsl<66l6em<IDl
(]~ eW<66lowl lU012l1-2/6 6) OJ emo6'l1J
cfu;>,gO(]alOnJ6Tno. @amllalo mJo(J)<mlcfu
~lam 6)nJo<ID;>,~m (]mJOJcfual;>'6)S am-2/s<66l
~one.Jmamll1~l6)S (]~o~l cfualcru..ol2l0
<66l1w OJ~ce<ID1cfu6)~W~o lnJ<ml (].oJ<oarrm
OJl.oJ0al6Tn m5 (]amll6T'TS<m06l"O. (OJcfu~e;;J
13(2)
[Manoj Abraham IPS v. P.P. Chandra
Sekharan Nair & am. 2017(2) KLD 318]
(]cfuos<m1cfuun amw1121<m1 m1(]alowm
m1wl2llnJcfuOall2l~~ 63al~ (]lnJomJ1cfu~l
n9:1m mSnJsl6)w ~One.JOJ(]amllOS~cfulSl
mJl2l"ln1l<66lomnJosl~. 6)<ID~lOJ~cfu~~o
mJOnD.oJalJ,6UB~~o@un6)~s~on OJmJ'<ID~
<IDdhun l2l~(]6l.Jm nJalo<IDlw1am nJ()6llml)l
3~~ ~(]alOnJ6Tno 6)CO'>~lw1<66l6)~s~em
<m1m~~ amS1m.lOom6UB~~6)6T'TScm (]cfuOS
<ID1eWrB6l (] 6TlJ 0(ill ~ 6)?;:j (] 5 6T'TS <ID 0 6'l1J.
@amllalo (]cfumJ~cfu~lam lnJ(]<m~cfu (]cfuOS
<m1cfu~~6)S mSnJs1cfuun WOlmn1cful2l0cfuOm
nJos1~. [OJcfu~e;;J 13(1)(e), 13(2), 19(3)]
[Hashim. K. v. State of Kerala 2016 (4) KHC
624]
14. 8, 9, 12 n(j)em"l rudb~~~dbu8cB6)~ db"lwlm8 CTUlllCOQlOCDll db},gdb~(ll).o
6b.!<9l&emaD.- 63coou8 ffil.01COl2lOCW1 6).!1J~}, ffi) CIDOCW,-
63 al ~ nJ 6YJd1 ce," mJ <0 <:1l or <ID 6) erR
63'D(]B~O(J)lcfu cfuo~oOJwlwlam mJJ(]l2l
WWO(]~O l2l(]g6)<IDlB:>l~;>,o OJ~ce<IDll2l~(]6l.J
m(]WO CO'(6)erR OJal;>'l2lomamlllam cfuOJl6llml)
nJ6Tn(]12l0 rumJ'CO'>;>'OJcfucfu(]~O 6)6)cfuruuoo
OJ.2l1al;>,em<mowl 6)CO'>@lwl<66l;>,em<mlam
(]lnJ0mJ1 cfu~l n9:1rro nJalO ~ W 6)?;:jS~ em
mJo(J)<ID1cfu~lam am<m6 mJo6TlJmJJ1.gJ OJ1uo
B"I cfu al6m° m amcfu6on <ID1en nJ6YJdlce,"
mJ<O<:1lerR1m 6TlJo(ill~<IDw1~. (OJcfu6e;;J 13
(1) (e), 13(2)
(n{j) 8 (ffi()6)~lB:>la58 9 rudb},<;ldlm}, db"lwla58 uolc£hS1lc66)6)~soru;>'ffi) cfr.>},go
(6TlJl) 12-00 rudb},<;ldlm}, cfr.>"lwla58 uolc£hS1lcB6)@7;jsoru},ffi) cfr.>;>,go.
n{j)ffi)lrucriJeOO' n.Jlw@cwos},c66)om 6TlJo<w~ffil.OmOdb},ffi)CID;>'0 (5 rumo9:1o) cmmla58
cfr.>;>'OCWO@(IDCW;>'o (10 ruroo9:1o) ill@CO m"l§oru;>'ffi)CID;>,12l0CW CIDSru;>, uolc£hS1 e.J(sl
c66)°ill;>,ffi)(ID;>'12106'rO.

19. 15. cfb~gcfb~cm~ lUDQlCiffil)lm~~ UDlcfb9::l.- 13-00 rudD~7dl6>8..I ~nJrudD~?d
(1) 6>crg 6l.J6lTU)0 (m>1)COJ1<28..10 6l.J6lTU)0 (Ml)COJ1<28..10 nJa>OQlroU01.~2j13~~ dD~gO
~<O 6>!lJ<B/0nB lUOQll~08..l~0 (2 ruron9:1rormlarn dD~OCOJ06>emCOJ~O 5 ruron9:1o
ru6>a> m"l30ru~ cmem~QloCOJ) emsru~ uol~ 8..I@1c66l~ cmemo6T'l1.
16. nJl!9 mlumJa»lcS6>A<mcmlm dD6mcS6>16>8..IS1CcS6>6TB cfboa>~6mu6.- 13-00
rudDAQdl6>crg ~nJrudD~?d 2-<2mO 14-00 rudD~~<2mO dD"llJ>larn nJllJ> UOldD9:l
!lJ~Qlrorm!cmlS(OTO), <2dDoseml nJllJ> em~dD mlUIDJcaJ1c66l!<2mJouB dD!go 6>!lJ<DJem
COJouB dD!go 6>!lJ<DJem~6>dD06l"'@ <2mslCOJ rumJem!nJ)6>crg Qll8..l.!J0 dD6mc66l16>8..I
S!<2cB6Hirrsem06ID. 13-00 rudD~~6>8..I @nJrudD!?d (1)-6>crg 6l.J6lTU)0 (@)arn
nJa>OQlrouol~3~~ dD~gO 6>!lJ<DJem13~~ls(OTO), dD~go 6>!lJ<DJem ru.!JcB<IDleOO'
em~nJemldDa>l2loCOJl dD6mc66l! <26TlJOIW.'J6>QdS~rormonB dDlJ>lCOJorormemoCOJ rumJem~
nJ)6>crg<2COJ0 nJ6mm>o6TlJ<TWQlOCOJ <2lm>oemq;ldl6>crg<2COJO Qll8..l.'J0 dD6TT)c66l16>8..1
S!c66l6TT)o.

20. cmafllJJJ(D)o IV
caT0cQ"Q1macQ'wl~a~ (gcQ(ll)acQ~lcm(ggeIa~
arra(gmJd!l6TTlo
17. am<:mJ~611>«m»lm «mwlce,O(l)6)~s!«m»6)~3 QJ.cB<mlce,u8.- 1973-6>8..1
(1974-6>8..1 2) Lee,1l2l1mam mSo..1s1 m1wl2lamn1am n{j)om&(ID6>ffi) «ffi}s6ID31w1<o&
em08..l&0, !l.J&OJ6>S o..106TUTID1<olc66l&em o..1BQJ1c&6) (ID06>9w&~ 63CO& 6>o..108..l~m)'
630n.O~cruO&0,-
(n{j)) (U) amnDl m)'6>0..1~.am 6>0..1a8.J~ cru ffi.l!)00..1m amnl6>nB <fb0<0.
arrm1am, 63<0& 6>o..108..l'm)' @CT8m)'6>o..1c£bSO&O;
(roll) l2l&o6>6>6l1J, <fbamc66l§, l2llBacru, «ffi}nDIZI2lB06l1JOB n{j)eml6ID36>m
CQ)!~ l2lnDom(J)co lo..1ClBuo6ID3~lCl8..l0 1973-6>8..1 (1974-6>8..1 2) l<fb1l2l1mam ms
0..151 m1wl2l0 8-00 OJ<fb!7;:jl6>8..1 @o..1OJ<fb&il' (1)-m& <fb~91am «ffi}amncoamn1am
OJ1~oo..1mo 6>!l.JW(ID1§&~ nij36>(ID!fu18..1&0 l2lnDOm(J)COlo..1ClBUOClamno @~
63<O! amcru1Wc?nB
v
Clo..108..l'cru <fb1ZI2l~ril:16mO &0;
(cru1) l2lg& ffi.l!)8..I6ID3~lam 6>(u)o..1.~§l 6>o..108..l~cru cru~lo..16TlSl6>nBClwo
6>o..108..l'm)' 630n.O~cruO&6>SClWO (ID&e.J.o..1BOJlw&~wo~&o;
n.O~~om)' l2l~lm)'ClLsgl6>aBClwo 6>f2lClLS06>o..1o~lgCT8 l2lS<llm)'Cllsgl
6>aBClWO, am(ID(ID& cruo(J)(ID1Clo..106>e.J, @amn<OOJ1~06>(ID @'D ®0c£bs1m& <fb'91
e.J~~ uo1c£h9Jlc66l6>7;:j5OOJ&em nij36>(ID!fu1e.J&0 ee,&g amn1en amClmJril:16moms
arrmOClmo OJoo~l~06>(ID am6ID36>m «ffi}O~ 6>!l.J~OClmO nJos1~. n{j)ffi)& OJco1
<fb1e.J&0, cruoffi.l!)om crucOc66l0ro @(ID1mow1 Lo..1Cl(ID,1<fbClf2l0 6>o..1O(ID&OJOWCl(IDO
®0W @amn<orule.J~6>s 6>o..1oe.J'm)' @CT8m)'6>nJc£bSro o..1BOJ1w1am <fb&owoamn
63<0& 6>o..1oe.J'm)' 63on.O~ cru6>O amwlee,o<06>7;:js&amnlwoam, «ffi}(ID(ID! cru0(J)(ID1
ClnJ06>e.J, n.Om)'tfhom)' l2l~lm)'ClLSol6>CT8ClwO 6>l2lClLS06>o..1o~loCT8 f2lS<llm)'ClLsoloo~ 0 0 0 0
6>~ClWO @amn<orul~o6>(ID(ID6>ffi) amw.ou3~ «ffi}amncoo <fb&g<fb~(ID'arrmlCl(l2)am
cru~~l2l0ClmJril:16TT)O msamnoOJ&ffi)(ID&o OJoo~l~o6>(ID «ml6m36>m «ml0wJ
6)!l.J~o()J&ffi)(ID&l2l06T"O.

21. ng)em},l2)Ol<mlZl~ 13-00 ruc6:>J';tj161eJ ~nJruc£b},~ (1) 61eJ 6lJ6ffiDo (~) cwlam
nJCDOlZlm(f()1.?zP3}'~ c6:>Jgc6:>~<m~o, 63CDJ 61nJOeJ~mJ cruJlnJ6115161nB nJBrulcwlam
c6:>},ocwoarrm 63CD}, 61nJOeJ~m:J 630nD'cruO},61S ~arrmCDru},c6:>lS061<m (ffiOa:mJn9j6TT)o
msarrmom nJOS},~<m~.
18. 6TlJOlfb},c£bOm),6>S 6TlJ),cB6>),c£bu8 nJmla:uoowm msam»),cm<mlml~<fmWl
c£bomo.- ruc£b},ij 17-m}, c6:>'<glam anoa:mJn9j6marrmlm}, mla:cwo(f)1cB6>61';tj3
63CD}, 61nJOeJ,m:J 630nn"lcrum<fi6), ng)61miJffuleJ},0 rulruCDo eJ@l-?zjoeJ},o ~61~fful
eJ},0, 63CD}, c£blg c6:>~<m~omsem},61rucm cruDCfOcwlce6>om <mcfl€> c6:>OCD6TT)IZl},616115
ll3Jlam(ffiO<m}, nJCD1(f)6TT)1~, <IDq) c6:>},gc£b~<m~arrm161nB (ffiOa:mJ,6marrm161nBa:cwo oJl.!l...JO
ro6mcw},61S~CWO ~a:<3CfO~arrmlmocwl nill61<mll3JleJ},o 6n.I0ll3J},c6:>orol61S 6n.I},cfl€>},
c6:>uO nJro1a:CfOowm msa:arrm6115em (ffiOmlruoro~(2) acwoam <IDq) crulZlCWo lnJ06n.l
eJ~arrmleJ},~ mlcwlZlarrmlam ng)miJl<m61em (ffiOs6ID3lcwlCDlemoeJ},o, c£b},gc£b~<m~o
61.!l...Jen)<m}, ng)em}, c6:>ro},<m61';tjs},em <IDq)~},615a:cwa (ffiOcwou8cfl€>}, a:ru61151 nJ6TT)o
6161c6:>ruCfO° crulcfh9:1l-?zj}, ng)eml cru°(f()cwlcB6>61';tjS},<Tn <IDq)§},615 a:cw0 (ffiOcB6>'D
6115},c6:>~}, IZlocwl (ffiOl<ma:arrmO~o6n.lmJ)IZl},~ 6n.I0ll3J},c£baCD},61S6n.I},<OO},c£bu8 nJrol
a:CfOowl<oooru},<Tn<m},0, c£bOCD,,lnJcru<£l«l)12l0CW ~Wc£l6)), ol';tjlc£b§l615 cruOcfh9:1~61~
s},arrmlcw nJc£bm~lc6:>u8 nfj)s},cfl€>orulema:<mo nfj)s},cfl€>om ~srurolarrmlc6:>a:cwo
61.!l...J~oru},em<m(6)1). ~'D ruc6:>},';tjlm), c6:>'<glam 61nJOeJ,m:J 630nD'crum<fi6) <m61nB
(ffiOwlc6:>OCDo rulmla:CWO(f)lcfl€>},em<mlml a:ru61151 crunDocw6ID3u8 m amc£bam 6n.ImJ)
61~3 6n.I0ffh 6n.Ioew~mJ..OI2l0c6:>),<Tn<ma6)1).
om<Tnl ruCD1c£b18J},0, nill61<morol ru~<£l«l)lcw),615CW},° (ffiOcfl€>'D6115l c6:>~}, IZlacwl
6n.ImJ)61';tj§ ~'D OJc£b),';tjlm}, c£b'<gleJJ~ cmowlce,oroo, 63CD), 61nJoeJ,m:J crullnJ
6115l61nB nJBrulcwla:eJa, <IDq) nJBrul<fi6) 1Zl),c6:>~la:eJo ~~ 63CD), 61nJoeJ,m:J 630nD"I
crum lnJa:<m~c6:>owlc6:>oCDO 12l61gOCD}, 61nJoeJ"lm:J 630nD"lcrum<fi6) mamc£blcw131~o(O'TID
nJ<fh91o, 61nJo8J'm)' crullnJ61151!61nB nJBrul<fi6) <m061<gcw),~ 63ro), 61nJoeJ"lm:J
63OnD")cruo},0, (ffiO<ml lnJa:cw0(f)lcfl€>om nJosl~p arrm<m06)1).
ru7UDr3'1rfMV6mo;- ~'D OJc6:>},';tjlam "6n.I0ll3J},c6:>uO", "6n.Iall3J},c6:>orol 615 6n.I},<fi6)"
nm<Tn16ID361mcw},~ lnJa:CWO(f)6ID3uOce6i' 1891-61eJ 61<m~lru}, mlcwlZlarrmlam
61c£bas},arrm13},~ (ffiOmallD6ID3uO ~6nSacwlCD1<OO},<Tn<ma6)1).

22. cmarwJJ(D)o v
cQaQrul.!1JJca6IDlDrcOOa~ arramaQcmllD.Jao
QQa nJeJrucQ ruJruffilllcQ~ao
19. dhAgnn.n..JOm6T'T)cWcB61 I2lAn8dhl<8 am>mAI2l<m1 am>m1ruom.,12l06rO.- (1)
63ffi}, ~dhos<ml<D>},o 7, 10, 11, 13, 15 CID},S6m31<D> rudh},?i:!},dhuOc£16)}, dh"lYllmB
UOlt9>9:11c£16)6)?i:!Soru},em, 63ffi}, 6)nJ0CID}, ~ffi)rudhm 6).n..J<IDCID}, omem0~ffiOn1lt96)
6)?dS},em dh},gdh~ CID.:cmmlm 12l},n8dhl<8 am>m},I2lCID1<D>1~(6)CID [2013-6)e.J (2014
-6)e.J (1)] ~e.JO<£bnJomB, ~e.JOdhOCQ)},cOO5> ~<£bSlmB I2lg},rulwcmmlmB mlcB~f3uol
~13},~6)CIDOYll6)dhnJ mSnJsl oms},t96)Om nJosl~ocmmCIDo6rO.
(om) ~dhlCB dhOffi.:6m3~},l2loCQ)l6TlJ(TU)6)?d3},~ ~2:l6oe.Jl<B6) ml<D>},
cOO5>mO<D>, ~dhlCB ffi)cBt96)offil~mo amlCIDl6)ng amlm},I2lCID1~CQ)06)S~CQ)O aml~(6)<m
amlrul6)smlm)' n1lffil~}, nflsom dhYllCQ)ocmm ~ (f)ru6'n'B6)I2l~l6)Q.I 63ffi}, ru.:cOO5>l
CQ)},6)S dhoffi.:cmml8J},o;
(611.fl) ffi)om.J..Oom dhOffi.:6m3~},l2loCQ)l 6TlJ(TU)6)?d3},~ ~2:l60Q.ll<B6)
m1CQ)},ce<mmo<D> ffi)oCTUOOm ffi)cBt96)offil~mo amlCIDl6)q amlm},I2lCID1~CQ)06)S~<D>O
aml~(6)CID amlrul6)smlm)' n1lffi1~},nflsom dhYll<D>ocmm ~ (f)ru6'n'B6)l2lngl6)Q.I
63ffi}, ru.,ce<m1CQ)},6)S dhoffi.:cmm1Q.1},o.
(ffi)1) nJ1ffi1~}, nflsom amlwldhoffil2l},~ 63on..O"lffi)l6)e.J n{B6)CID
fBJlQ.1},° 63ffi}, ru.:cOO5>l<D>},6)5 dhOffi.:cmmle.J},o.
(2) ~nJrudh},iI (1)-m}, dh"lYllmB ~ruUO.:12l0CQ) l2l},mdhlcB amlm},12l
CID1, ~dhlCBffi)cBt96)O~ffiO ffi)oCTUOOm ffi)cBc£16)O~ffiO l2l~g6)CIDfBJlQ.1},o amlwldhOffil
~CQ)O, 6)dhOS},c£16)6T1) ~12l(6)CQ)em dhOffi.: cmm1mB n{B6)CIDfBJle.J},o CIDfficmmlQ.1},~
ffi)o(fOCQ)o omrrm},CID6)(ffi dhOffi6'ffi0 6)dh06nSOCQ)Oe.J},° ~(31t96)},dhCQ)(6)6'ffifBJ1mB
amlcmmffio amlm},l2larl1, dh},gdh~arl.:O 6).n..J<IDarl},6)rum)' ~~ffionJlc£16)6)?i:!s},(ffi ffi)12l
CQ)arm) 6)nJOarl}, ~ffi)rudh6)m 63'D~!3.O(f)ldh~ffi)rumcmmlmBmlm)' n1lffil~},rul
som amlw1dhOffilnJoo1CID1CQ)},~ ~ ffi)cBc£16)O~ffiO amlwldhoffil~<D>o mmB~dh
6nSarl06rO.

23. .~C(Q)2..U9(9G>iD~sra(9L(9G>(U9ee:>L(Q)scee:>iD(Q)~(Q)'wru(U)(f)u
CaLl9iD~5L<mL<QJJ2)W<ID~'CaLl9iD~5L(QlQJ9Lmee:>gDc<QJ..Q)g><ID~oruRi<tPiD<Q.w0lraLcalm(9
CFtiD(f)ugIDL<QJ..Q)5RhJ"8<Q.w5(9~E§Eill90ee:>1Lsru5W'gIDLcalaLl9(9~§L(Q)5,IDrv(9C<IDiDee:>
~<QJ..Q)~Q)ru5C@C<IDiDee:>~ruCaLl9~omRiUiDLWL(Q)~WL<IDC0radu5(9~<IDL(Q)0~WQ.lf))
oQ)<QJ..Q)Q.lf))C0iDruC2JQ.lf))'c8iD(Q)(9'craiD(9G>CruLm£9'c5iD(9G>iD0ee:>lgIDL(Q)Q.lf))'L<IDCW
L(Q)(U)~(9G>~S(f)uOWC0lQ)~(Q)lQ)£9@E§~raL6i~ee:>~W-(E)Et~ee:>ruru~(v)
.~C0~(Q)<QJ..Q)
C~LSCrugDC(9G>L(f)CCIDiDru~0~<IDL(Q)SCee:>iD~Q)£9oQ)cee:>LmQ.lf))cwmcQ/)iDLQ)ru
gW~ru~Ft(9ffil)rtl9L<IDC0~ruQ)(QlID@rac(9G>Sc@0~raLcal(Q)(9IDucraiDLE§E.lfl90ee:>1LSru
swY0CraiDL!o~FtQ.lf))craiDLCID(U9Q)crvLrucraiDL(QlQ)(U9RiUrWiDQ.lf))O~raLcal(Q)(9IDu
'0~(Q)(QlIDC~LscrugDC<W>LmCQ)iDLwgIDC(QlID(U9Q)cee:>0~raLcal(Q)(98iD0'Qf)Eill90ee:>1
LSrusw@E§~raLm~ee:>~WLS~<Q.wCUC@'o~CIDL(Q)SCee:>iD~Q)£9(LM)
.~C(Q)(QlID
c~LscrugDc<W>LmcQ)iDLw'oRi<tPru(QlIDC~0Q)ee:>L(Q).r:u~(Q)o"Q)cee:>(u)aLl9(9~5L(U)
swOmRiUiDLwL(Q)~wLCIDc0ra(JUCCIDiD~(9LS<W>:D0ee:>1C<IDiD~(9Lra<w>cruLm£9
C<IDiD~(9L8(Q)(90Q)(QlIDQ.lf))gIDC(QlID(U9Q)Cee:>(u)aLl9(9~CSiD<W>iD0ee:>1CraiD<W>cru
Lm£9C8iD(Q)(90~raLcal(Qj)(9(f)ugIDLCIDL(Q)0~WQ.lf))<IDLee:>~WLQ)Cee:>LmQ.lf))'Qf)Eill90ee:>1
LSrusw@E§~raLm~ee:>~WLS~<Q.wCUC@'o~CIDL(Q)SCee:>iDlQ)£9(LfU9)
'~C(Q)(QlIDC~LSCruCWiDCru~(QlID
~Q)ru08C0CWiDC(9G>LmLru~fULo0'oRi<tPru<QWC~@o<IDcrulL2JQ.lf))~L(Q)SCee:>iD
QJJ(f)u~l5L(U)rus@!PL<QWmRiUiDLwL(Q)~WgIDC<QW(U9Q)cee:>@E§~C(u)iDaLl9(9~
C5iD<W>iD0ee:>lCraiD<W>CruLm£9'c8iD(Q)(90~roLcal(Qj)(9(f)ugIDL(Q)Q.lf))C(U)iD~(9c@
L(Q)0~WQ.lf))@E§~5L5Ft(9"Q/)ru<Qm>gID(l)Et~ee:>ruru(§CCIDiDS(9traLCIDwmcQ/)iDLQ)
rugW~ruCCIDiDS(9traLra~Q.lf))~Q)£9'L(Q)SCee:>iD~Q)£9'C0iDWC0~Q)~(Q)C<IDiDRi<tPLQ/)
'CruiDQ)<QW@(U)~<w>cPfucruL~'((u~ee:»(Q)iDrul~Q)£9((f)u)
-0~raC(U)~Q)L<IDLEill9SQ.lf))(U)(9(Q)
~(Qj)(f)ugIDL<QW0<IDLWLSruswgIDWL0Lee:>1(~ra(9-VL6l)ra(9-EL6l(E)

24. (lJ7(fl)(31d3JrD6mo:- @'D ruc£h),?d1Qcrg @<Zl3w~6tffiUO<Bti)OWf-
(om) Qang omeman1am «mlm),Qlan1 mamc£h),eman1m),~ «mlw1c£hoCbdh91Qlan
@UOQ?d5 ),eman06'I"D.
(6l1.J1) c£h),gru1~oCb6n')(ri> cOO), <ID"0ruw~QlOW «mlm),Qlan1 nmeman1am, c£h),g
ru1~oCb6ffi 63Cb), lQ.]<zan~c£h «mlw1c£hoCb1wlQ5 m1ro<Zl3w®m0<ZeJo, 63Cb), lQ.]<zan~c£h
ru~ce<m1w),Q5 «mlm),Qlan1wo<ZeJo «ml®mCbo Cb"lan1w1eJ),~ omQanffi:,leJ),o <ID"0ru
w~®mo<Z8Jo omem Q.]CbOQlroWo @UOQ~5),em),.
~m)§u
@'D mlCO>lZlaITml6)e.J rudh6':J 19 ol~'kJ0<O§ roml<;J;1?<O 6)!lJ~6em<ml~mo
lnJdhOroo (f)ru6Tl'86)lZlcrgl6)nB «mm6lZl<ml <ID0 «m~mJn9::l6mo mSaITm6emcml~mo @aITmroo
ru(f1)~lZl6~<ID @~(3~o(f)cruo6)m<mlrooco> «m>m6lZlcml <ID0ru(f1)~lZll~.
dh6gdh~cm~o ~dhoscml ms~sl6)cOOs6cOO6 [Ani! v. State of Kerala 2016 (3) KLT SIJ 37]
em cml ~e.J mrcOO 0 6l"1i'. l~L.O lZl rul ruro
20. 630), 6)~o<m), (]CT)<lJc£hcTB mlco.>Qlom),CT)~<mQlI~P<lrrID l~ <mln..OeJ0 6>6>efbe;tl
gl6>co.><m «mlm),Qlomo.- (1) 13-00 ruc£h),~lQ8..I (1)-00 @nJCl:Jc£h),?d 6lJ6TYDo
(om), (6l1.J1) «mlQ~ffi:,lam 11, 7 OJc£h),~),c£hUOce6) c£h"l~lam @~ W1dh911ef}O}Q~sO
OJ),em 63al), c£h),g®ml6>crg oman), rulnJOal6ffiWI8..1J,0 anmlcOO),<Z0J6llS1<zwo Ql<zg
Qan ffi:,18..1), 0 OJ~ ce<ml cOO), <Z ru 6llS1 <zw 0 om Q(ffi) ffi:,18..1), 0 OJI8..1 Q.]1 51~), ~
OJm)an),<Zruo lQ.]an1n..08..I<ZQlo (mlwQlom),(T)~anQlOW <Zruanmo «ml~OQan) (T)J"lc£h
allcOO),c£h<zw0, <zms),c£h<ZW 0 (T)J"lc£hallcOO),ruocTB (T)I2I2lano lQ.]c£h51~lcOO),c£h<zwo,
<zm5),OJom lWQllcOO),c£h<Zwo Q.!l..Ja:i)anoam, Qlol~ Qan~lwlcOO6>~50®mQ.]dh910,
7-00 OJc£h),~lam OJlruall~13),~ Q.]oall<zanodl::11c£h6H2lem m18..lwl<ZeJo <ZlQ.](O
6ffiW 0<Z8..10 «mlanan), (T)o(f)anl<zQ.]OQ8..1, «mlQ~ ffi:,1am lQ.]anin..O8..10 c£hl50Qan(]W 0
lQ.]anlrill8..10 «mlQ.]al~0oJanQlZlem WOal6ffi WO<Z 8J0, «mlWOUO <ID"0 lQ.]anln..O8..1<ZQl0,
OJI8Jn1ls1~),~ rum)an),<ZOJO (T)J"lc£h(01~13), Q6llS<zemo <zmslwI3),Q6llS<zem0,
(T)J"lc£hCblcOO),OJom (T)l2l2lanl~ano<zwo <zms),ruom lWQll~ano<zwo, «mlanan),
(T)0(f) ani(]Q.]0Q8..1, c£hal),an),eman06'I"D.
(2) 14-00 OJc£h),c;Jl6>8..I 6lJ6TYDo (6llJl) wlam «mlQ~a:blam 12-00 OJ<8J),
~lm), c£h"l~leJ),~ wldh911cOO6>~500J), em omQanOal), c£h),gOJlnJOal6ffiwI8..1),0
«mlQ.]alowlwoW <ID"0UO nfBQ(ffi)ffi:,18..1),0 OJI8..1Q.]ls1~),~ OJm)an),<ZOJO, lQ.]anl

25. 8~eg>C(llmW9(9~SL(Q),(roru(9Ql)CaDQ.IJ2)0"(Q)reg>~Q)E9aDCQwC(Q):DE§§~raL(Q.LQ)ru
C2JrMOOJ)C~:D'C(Q):D(Q.LQ)C~(Q)sp&(9(Q.LQ)~~rug.QHV:D~00'Ql)CaDQ.Ul)(LM)
'~(Q)WJ~ffi)ru(9CaD:Deg>~eg>C~W9Q)Ceg>
£DL(Q.LQ)WC~~WQ.Ul)0~raLCffi(Ql)(9@ULCIDCQ)L(Q)@UCOO':DL(Q)6l"ru0~raLCffi(Q)(9ff}usp&(9
ClllID~~ru08~eg>2IDLCIDW9Q)CruLru(Q):DQ.Ul)5(9teg>5(9~~CCIDQ.Ul)COO':DQl)CCIDQ.IJ2)
'CCID:Deg>~00'C{ZlCIDR>ULru~(9LClllIDW5eg>ru1CIDcf'.'lL2JQ.Ul)0~roLCffi(Q)(9ff}u2DR>Ut"eg>
LMcrul:DOCID~CQ)ruS(9~~CCIDQ.Ul)E§§~IOL(Q)UJJ~eg>2IDWJ;UL~(Q)(9(lJU9)
'~(Q)UJJ~ruCOO'L~Lru~(9CCIDQ.IJ2)
LCIDCCIDLRi<e'CM~Q)E9(Q)(9C~ra~:D2DLCIDRi<e'ru:DQ.IJ2)5(9~~CaDQ.IJ2)(@U)
---o~raLeg>LQ)ru~WJ@U
'~C(Q)WJ~ruCOO'LmR>U:DLWo8~eg>Sp&(9(Q.LQ)~~ruQ)(9L(Q)OO'(9Q1)Eill9(Q)LW9ru:D
COO':DQl)CQw0~IOLCffi(Q)(9ff}uSP&(9ClllID~~ru08reg>2IDLaDW9Q)CrulfU(Q)[)Q.IJ2)oFtc5(9
CWJ:D(Q)C<ge':DLW(Q)0raDeg>rOO'LQ)LaDCCIDLRi<e'CMCIDCW(Q).cucru1£DLClllIDmcQ):D
L(Q)rulor~cQ)c(Q)(9ff}uSFt(9ClllID~~ru08reg>WJrrucSP&(900'LRi<e'LOJ)2IDLOil.eg>
~WLS~<Qww~-'~<tDC9~Ccu)rO>e9<tDCW<l».(UcrulL§cru8~CEP'Ll
.~C(Q)UJJroc~Q.JJlfUL(Q)sCeg>:D!,WLW2IDLClllID
W~(J)LWE§§rS~LOJ)g>~CQ)ruo~raL~eg>~p&reg>ruru@~Q)w~2IDLCffiW9(9
r{ZlemcrulL2JQ.IJ2)~L(Q)sceg>:D!,WW9(9C~Q)CP&LWQ)(9~ruomLruClllIDc~Ci.§2IDS
ru(9S~5(9rCIDL(Q)~LOiQ.lJ2)cru:Dr(Q),(Wru(QJ.Q.l9oru2Dr~C~:DraauL(Q)rul0rracUJJ
~Q)LCIDLEill9Sl2.lf»UJJ(9(Q)~(Ql)@UOrra-(l)orra-(~)Ql)eg>rp&~eg>ruru@(E)
'~C(Q)UJJr(Q)rQ)eg>'lO(9cru:DL(Q)(J)o(U)
r(Q)(Q)Q.Ul)'CaD:DC(Q)f'&L{ZlOJ)l2DcOO'rSCeg>(9CaD[)C(Q)(Q),(roru(9QWCE!0cru!,W~(9
r<ge'rSC~(9'C<ID:DC(Q)ClllIDrsceg>(9Ql)CCIDQ.IJ2)oraauL(Q)rul2IDLCffi~(9Q.Ul)r(Q),(Wru
E§§rP&LSlfUrelfU<Qwcre:DCCIDW9Q)CmUJJ{Zl(9(Q).cuC"Q)ruQ.IJ2)0reauL(Q)rul2IDLCQI
~(9Q.IJ2)Cem:D(Q)<9csteg>0raauL(Q)ru1'ra(9Cru:DL(Q)(J)0(U)~(Q)(Q)Q.IJ2)'cCID:DC~eg>LR)ti
c(Q):DLQ)crucra:DcemW9Q)rul[)OQ)ClllIDQ.Ul)E§§~S~LOJ)Q.l~CQ)ru2IDtf6~eg>ruOC-L
'°Ri<e'ru.(Q.LQ)CsFt(9<ge'LemL~(Q)(9f'L0{Zl'2IDC(QJ.Q.l9L~(Q)(9CWJ:D~(9r<ge'LQ)lfUL~OJ)l
2DC<ge'rsceg>(9'cUJJ:D~<9C<ge'LQ)L(Q),(roru(9oWCE!!f)cru!,W~(9C<ge'~SCeg>(9'cUJJ[)~(9
C<ge'LQ)LClllIDrsceg>(9(E§§rem(Q)(9C~~w(Q)ru:DCIDC~(Q)~(U)~WC~aDLW)C~:Dreau

26. ru 0 ~1 W 0 cB6> 6>Qd 313~ 6>EiTlS<wn0 c£h0 6ml cB6>~ <Tn CID(0 arrm1arB n{j)6><lID lfb18..1~ 0
C&.!lJOBJ>0 C&.!lJOBlcB6>ocm nJosl~ oarrmCID~0 arrcl6lffi6>m C&.!lJOBlcB6>~c£hW06>6mlfb1arB
arrclCIDlmwouB CID06>~ nJow~ <Tn cruOnD.!lJ(OJ>6lffi~16> 8.J0~16>c£h @arrm(Oo nJOC&W6T"Y5
c£h0(0J> r2)l~oarrm{ID ~r2)0EiT"D.
(I) arrclarrm(00 c£h~g 0 6>.!lJ<:oJCID~6>ruC&<Tn0 arrclCID1m lnJCIDlw0cB6>6>~
6>3C&<Tn0 @~ 6>CID~lru, arrclCQ)ouB6>cOOCIDl6>(o .!lJ;J,r2)arrm6>~3 c£h;J,g arrmlm arrclwouB
arrclnJ(O0wlwo6>6mm) crullc£hO(OJ>6>CID~lruoc£h ~c£hW 06>6mlfblarB arrcll..OruO
(iI) arrclW 0uB cruJW C&r2) 0 ru cB6>"1arB r2);J,6lJ0 <lID(0C& r2)0 rul.!lJ 0(06m
<:oJcB6>owl n@6>CIDlfb18..1;J,0 cruodM::I1C&wos CID6>ag cruJISOru(f);J,6mo cruo0n1lcB6>;J,
<TnCIDlmowl n{j)6>CTIDlfb18..1;J,0 C&.!lJOBJ>0 C&.!lJ0BlcB6>;J,c£hC&WO CID6>nR m.>JISOru (J);J,6m
roTIDlmowl 6>CID~lru& 6>c£hOS~cB6>&c£hC&WO, n{j)CIDlmruoBroTIDl6>ag mSroTID1C&~f)
(O"lCID1C&wo C&lnJocrulc£hJ>~3o;J, 6>sc&wo m.>odM::Ilw&6>SC&WO cruJlSOruB~ n!l:lJ>0 @uB6>~
s;J,<Tn CID(OroTID18..106>6mlfblC&8..I0,
(iii) <mC&CID c£h&go .!lJ~r2)roTID6>~3 r2)c&g6>CIDlfb18..1&0 ruJ>ce<IDl6>cB6>
CIDl6>al arrclwouB 6>CID~lru~ 6>c£hos~cB6>~<TnC&CIDO ~W cruOnD!1JalJ>o.
22. 1973-6)8..1 lc£hlQllmam mSnJsl ml<D>Qlo .a1le.J alSC3(J)a»lc£hu8cB6)~ nfIaw
<D>Qlo<D>1 lnJa<D>o(J)lcB6>oru~ <Tnano61TI.- 1973-6>8..1 (1974-6>8..1 2) lc£hlr2)lmarB
mSnJsl mlwQlroTIDl6>8..I ruJ>rucruoc£huB ~'D ~c£bslm;J, c£h"l~larB CfOl~cB6>
6>Qdsoru;J,<Tn 63al;J, c£h;J,gc£h~CIDJ>ru;J,r2)o<D>l 6TlJffi.1)6>~3 n@<ID mSnJsllc£hr2)roTID18..1;J,0
arrclCIDl6>nR lnJC&<D>o(f)roTIDlm, CID06>~ 6>c£hOS;J,roTID13;J,~CIDl6>8..I<TnC&nJo6>8..I 'n.08..Io'
@6T"Y5owl(Ole66>~<TnCIDOEiT"D,-
(n{j)) 243-00 ruc£h;J,~l6>8..I 1-00 @nJruc£h;J,~18..1;J,~ "c£h;J,gcB6>Oalcm
nDO~alOc£h;J,ruOcm ~ruCfOJ>6>~SOru&<TnCIDOEiT"D" n{j)<Tn ruo!1Jc£hroTIDlm&nJc£halo
"@s6>m CID6><TnC&WO C&c£hosCIDl «J!()m;J,ruBlcB6>;J,<TnCIDo<D> crur2)wroTIDlm&~1C&8..I0
c£h;J,gcB6>Oalcm, C&(o6lJOr2)~8..Io, m.>0~c£h~0CQ)1 oJkruCIDallcB6>;J,ruocm mlmC&@CfOl
cB6>;J,<Tn ~uBcB6>O(O;J, 6>5 rulrual6lffi~;J, 0 (n{j)6>mYllfb18..1~ r2);J,6>6T"Y5lfb1arB) C&al6lJc£h6>~
~lCfOCQ)lcB6>;J, <TnCIDoCQ)l mlmc&@U'OlcB6>;J,<Tn;J,6>6l1SlfblarB (n{j)6)<lIDffh18..1;J,Ql;J,6)6l1Sffh1arB)
arrclCID&0 mQJC&c£h6T"Y5CID;J,0 arrclCQ)ouB nDO~alOc£hOcm ~ruuoJ>6>c;dsoru;J,<TnCID;J,r2)0EiT"D"
n{j)<Tn;J, Qlogl<D>13;J,~CIDoEiT"D.

27. 'crag)cCIDLtwc(Q)g)LCIDClZl
Q)cg>L(Q)r-'~(Q)$,WIDu~c(Q)tw~ruC<Q.lQ)SWwmcQf)g)LQ)rugncg>I9Q)g)S<9@E.lfl9lZl
cg>lLsruswfU'L(f)CCIDg)ru@'gncg>~ftWcg>ruCIDL<Q.lQ)~5ft<9'Rjcg>CCW(UU9)
crumQID)
o~CID(Q)<9Ccg>C6IDW0PL~cg>WlZloQ)cwruQID)OO~WC(99lLW9Ccg>°W9Q)Ccg>WJ<9L(Q)
twIDu~L<lU.QJ.9LO)cg>~ccg><9~(Q1)(JluQJJC(99lCQ)~C(JUgncg>I9Q)g)({f)u)
'~C(Q)
<Q.lQ)CffiL5CruQJJC(99llJtl9omruQID)L(Q)5Ccg>g)L(Q)~Q)tw~<Q.lQ)~5ft<9l9Q)g)gnE.lfl9
lZlcg>lLSruswra<9crug)twCID<9W9Q)cmccwgnCrtUg)~(99lL(f)CCIDg)LwLruL(Q)5Ccg>g)
C6IDlZlg)QJJLCIDRi'B'rug)QID)S<9~CIDLRi'B'cg>~Q)E9sft<9mJJrU9LCIDClZl~~E.lfl9lZlcg>lLsru5W
'gnE.lfl9Q)ccg>LmQID)oo~raLO)Iocg>~wtf6~cg>rucu~o~raLcg>LQ)ru~twIDu"
-'~CIDC(Q)QID)'~C(Q)OO~SLCIDL<Q.lQ)
~5ft<9gn@onDru,ruOO~SL<Q.lQ)~SC(99l<9o)<9C(Q)LCIDcruQJJ~lZl~WL(Q)twIDu,,0W9Q)
cg>IoEJQf)Lru"OO~IOtf6~cg>ruru@oC-~1O<9tf6~cg>ruOC-L6£(UT)
'~CQw
o~(Q)tw~ruC(96l~SIDuJ:DLE.§(Q)<90~twLWC6IDLCIDLRi'9'CCW~Q)C(Q)<9WuLCIDClZlCIDmg)Lru
~WL<Q.lQ)Qf)Ccg>ruQID)5<9~CIDLE.§cruB~cg>OO~WL(Q)tw~<Q.lQ)SWOQ)C(Q),0DLruWL(Q)IDu
CID<9LRi'B'C(u)o~wcru~Q)S~(Q)ClZlg)W9w>rWg)QID)CCIDg)W9Q)cruLruC6IDL<Q.lQ)ruC2)QID)
CCIDg)S<9~CIDLE.§cruB~cg>CCIDg)~<9LIO~(99lruCIOg)LCffiru<9~tw~twC(Q)g)$,WW9<9CCID
LQ)Qf)0PLW(Q)CIOg)C~E.lfl9W9Q)Ccg>OO~SLCIDL<Q.lQ)~sft<9I9Q)g)QJJC(Q)0PL~,QU~
'o~IOCWJ~Q)LCIDLE.lfl9SQID)tw<9(Q)~(Q1)IDucrag)-(~)crcjg)-(~)fi>~cg>ruru@(£)
~'~CIDC(Q)QID)'~C(Q)OO~SL<Q.lQ)Wrug)fi>~cg>ruru@OO~SL<Q.lQ)?5Ccg><9
O)<9C(Q)$,WWS~(Q)W<9!.ft?cg>ruru@OC-~ra<9!.ft~'e'ruOC-HE(LCW)
.~C(Q)<Q.lQ)CffiL5CruCWg)C(99l~ru<9LSIoW~(96l<Q.lQ)g)raCcg>(Q)L["W)LWQID)CWg)C(99l~
ru<9LBclZlLSru5WC6IDC<Q.lQ)W9Q)Ccg>twal9<9?5LCIDLcg>C6IDWRice'rug)Q)E9LRice'cg>
sft<9mD!"U9LCIDClZl?CIDL5ruSWC6IDLO)Iocg>?wtf6~cg>ruOC-L6£'~lZl(Q)lClZl?(Q)twIDu"
-:~CIDC(Q)QID)
'~C(Q)OO~SL<Q.lQ)Wrug)onDru,ruOOmL<Q.lQ)?5Ccg><9O)<9C(Q)0W>Qf)g)~(99l~onD
ru,ruoc-£C6IDLft~cg>ruru@oc-~ra<9Lft~cg>ruOC-60£(Lrtl9)

28. 23. rucfb6~ 13{1) (crul)cW<66'l6 cfb'!91aJ6~ 63<06 cfb~gcfb~al>Jru~Qlo<D>l 6TlJCTU)
6)~3 cfb~go AJ~Ql<mmaJ~cfb~U6)S nJluoBOoU06ID3u8.- 1973-6)aJ (1974-6)(TR 2)
lcfblQllmarn mSnJsl mlwl2l<mmlarn n(j)0ID;J,<m6)<m anoS6ID31wl<o;J,<mOB..l;J,0, 13-00
rucfb;J,~l6)BJ ~nJrucfb;J,~ (1) 6lJ6ffiDo (crul)(Q)<66'l;J, cfb4!91B..l;J,~ 63<O;J, cfb;J,go cfb;J,g
ruo~lwlarn A.1;J,Qlam»6)~§Oarn, nillal>;J, em"lw<mlcfbuOce6>lSW1B..lO(]6l1)0 cfb;J,go
6)!lJ(Q)<m6)<m<m0(]<0onJlce6>6)~ §em, nillem;J, rumJem;J,rul6)m cru06T1JCTU)1~0(]6l1)0
c£b;J,go 6)!lJ(Q)em6lem<mo(]<oonJlce6>6)<;j§em, c£b~<m~12l0W em"lw<mlc£b(]§O, lnJ(]<m~cfb
~m6)I2l(]<mo ~~ nJ<OOQlrouoI2l1~(6)em em6)(ffi anoem c£b;J,go !lJ;J,I2lam»B..Ilarn rulru
<olce6>;J,ruo08 nJ<O~On1<mQlOcfb;J, <m<m06T"D ano6BT36lm !lJ;J,I2lam»6)<;j§ c£b;J,go 636)<OOg
c£b;J,gl2lowl (]l2larn?j0GmTm (]c£b0(U)16l~ 219-00 ruc£b;J,?jl6l~ anoro<m.D<mmlarn
cfb<O;J,<m;J,<memo6T"D..
n(j)<m;J,ru<olc£blaJ;J,0, «rI0BJ6l<mIDW;J,0 anorucruom6lam»w;J,0 anoam»<oo em"lw
emlcfbuOce6>lsce6> ~u06)~s;J,am»lwl§;J,~ crul2lWo 63<O;J, ruroo9::lam»larn anowlcfb
12l0c£b008 nJoslaJoam»em06T"D.ou
24. rul.!l.Jo<06l1)cWcB6)~ nJI(]WwQlocfboeml<olcB6)om 6)6)cfbcB6)Jail marncfblCD>
~@66)S (]~g6)Ql(1r- emmn.JI2lWo lnJ06l1JBJ~am»lB..l;J,~ mlwQlam»larn n(j)0ID;J,
em6l<m anoS6BT31wl<O;J,<moaJ;J,0, 15-~0 13-~0 ruc£b;J,<;j;J,cfbuOce6>;J, c£b4l91(]B..I0, 7
Ql;J,<marn 11 ru6)<OW;J,~ ruc£b;J,<;j;J,c£buOce6>;J, c£b4l91(]aJO ~§..§ 63<O;J, c£b;J,gam»lm
63<O;J, 6lnJoem;J, (]cruruc£b6lm<ml6l<O nill6l<m!E:>lB..l;J,o mSnJslwlarn 63<OOuO (]'61?g6ll2l~v
meJc£blwoarn, anowouO n(j)6l0ID!E:>lB..l;J,o lnJemln.OB..I(]Qlo (mlwl2lom;J,cru~em(]ru
emmo ano~06lemw;J,~) n(j)6l0ID!E:>lBJ;J,o ()_.naJnJlsl<;j;J,~ cruoWm(]12l0 6lnJO<m;J,
(]cruruc£hm marnc£b06l12lem crur2J2l<mlce6>;J,c£b(]WO marncfb;J,c£b(]WO 6l!lJ(Q)emoarn 12
-00 ruc£b;J,<;jlm;J, c£b4l91arn anow(6)§rul!lJo<06l1) 6l!lJC91008 nJosl~ocmm<mo6T"D.
25. cfb<O, monJIcfb, (]ru.oQlmlCD>Qlo ano6)~!E:>larn l216lg6lal>!E:>laJ6o mlCD>
1216)<mID 6YlJowl<66'l <O;J,6)emcm.- ~'D «rI0<£bglB..l;J,~ W(6)<mO<m;J,0 1950-6lB..l
(1950-6laJ 45) c£bal(]crum «rI0<£bS, 1950 (1950 6lB..l 46) (]ru~OI2l(]crumo «rI0ce:;S,
1957-6lB..l (1957-6)B..I 62) morulc£b «rI0<£bS, 1968-6lB..l (1968-6lBJ 47) ano<mlrocmml
cru;J,<Oc£b9::!O (]crumo CID0ce:;S, 1978-6lB..l (1978 6lB..l 30) em4al cruoalc£b9::!6l1) (]crumo
«rI0<£bS 1986-6l8J (1986-6l~ 47) (]B<J04w cru;J,<Oc£b9::!O(]crumo «rI0ce:;S n(j)<m4
«rI0<£bS;J,c£buOce6>;J, c£b4l91B..l;J,~ nill6)emo<o;J, (]c£bOSemlw;J,6lSWio anowlc£bo<olw;J,

29. ·~C0~(Q)(Q,lQ.d~Lemcg:>l(WlcruLOi~em<9Lsrusw<Q.wdWJc(Q)<9cemWJ~OO'
LQ)LemLllil9SQWVVL(Q)@VVLcalUl9<9Cemcg:>~(WllS(fluQ)<9L(Q)W<9cg:>ru(JJ[)~(Q)Cru<9
o~I"8Lcal(Q)<9UluLSruswo~raLcal(QJ)<9(flu(Q)<9CffiI"80[)gJJL8~<Q.ww@'o~(Q)WJ
~ruC00'Q>~[)LSlcg:>WJ<9(Q)(Q)<9C(Wl,(ffi0~cg:>(Q1Q)<9ruQ)w(f)~<9L(Q)QWLemC0~ru0
cmLw0~I"8Lcal(Q)<9UluE§§~1"8L(Q1Q))"l"8ru9crulOem0(UQ)(Q)Q!)cg:>CJTU)ru)ruI"8<9L8~<Q.w
w@-'~0<9C(9GlW~g)LSfcg>~LC2WlZI<IDLWO~raL<EB(Q)(98g)lZI§~W"SZ
'~C(Q)WJ~ruC<9tPL(f)Cem[)LwLru'ra<9cru[)WJcm<9L(Q)SCcg:>[),(WgJJR)U(JJ<.9WJ~ffi)rv<9
0)Q)Ccg:>cg:><9<9gncg:>~(JJcg:>[)1"8<9LE§§~(9GlLmLQ)rucg:>LQf)E)[)Cru15<9~emL(Q)SC00'[)<JU<9<9
'LW5Ccg:>[)5<9~cmL~,QU~cg:»(Q)[)rul'0~~llil9Q)Ccg:>LmQWc~(flu§§~0~WR)ULruLO
o~WLl"8loftQJ.ID§§~SLcmLcg:>VVWVVLC2W0emLwLSruswVVWL0Lcg:>1(lra<.9-17L6L)
ra<9-8L6L'~LW5C<9tP[)<JU<9<9'o§C<.Q.lQ)[)5LWJ~ruCcg:>C0cg>mCru9'LemC0em
m[)Lru~<9tPgncg>CJTU)ru)"ru~<9L8~<Q.ww@-'o~WR)UIJULOolrab~Q.lf»"a
'~CWWJ~cg:>cru[)~SCWJ[)~0LemC0~~cg:>Lsru5w
WJ~<9tPSLcg>W<.9Cee>cftWloW~LWJ~0~<9WWJ<9(Q)VVL(Q1Q)?)oQ)<Q.w0Q)(Q1Q)QJ.ID
LcmC0(Q)~(JJ~W<9tPQ!)cg>CJTU)ru)ru~<9L8~<Q.ww@o~cmL~,QU~~Q)c(Q)<9IDu
0Q)(Q1Q)QJ.ID'~C(Q)WJl(Q)lQ)cg:>LemC(Q)sft<.9<9tPL0emLWLcmccmL~,QU~cg»w[)rul
VVLOilocg:>~Wlft~cg:>ru0C-Ef&LQ)(JJ~W(Q)QJ.IDCra[)(Q)~0~WJQJ.IDCWJ[)QJ.ID~L?)
oQ)<Q.wra(Q)0~rv,(Wlo(JUC~Cem[)L2U9ru[)~<9tPgnEID9Qf)E)[)ru1CWg)L(Q1Q)Qf)E)[)rul
<Q.wo~emL~,QU~cg»(Q)[)rul~Q)c(Q)<9IDuE§§lraLemra(Q)0lfU'(wlo(JUc~S<9C(Q1Q)[)?)
0Q)<Q.w~<9L8~<Q.ww@Cra[)LE§EID9Qf)E)[)rulCW[)L(Q1Q)QJ)E)[)rul~Q)c(Q)<.9Ulu~LOiloee>
~wL8~<Q.wL(Q)(JW?)[)0cmLwVVWL0Lcg:>1ra<9-l96L-'kWW9(9CQ)clZIL~~~
cg>f(Q)g)["UlS~(9(9GlLlZI<IDLW~L6ib'EP~wL8~wa,ai'WClZl~~~(gwfRP
["U(9.(W)'EPf(Q)g)["UlS~(9(9GlLlZI<IDLW~L6ib'EP~wL8~wOC-917fO<.9-l;96L'9Z
·~WJ~OO'l.fUc)"rt9rul~CWL(Q)@~Ul9<9C(Q)WJ~(Q)
lQ)'EPL<IDcemL(Q)5ccg:>[)cmC)WL(Q)loWVVWL0Lcg>1Ul9Q)cmC(JJL(Q)sccg:>[)5<9lem
L~,QU~cg:»(Q)[)rulLemcWL(Q1Q))"Qf)Em~olem~<.9L(Q1Q)lZIcmLWl(Q)Ulu§§~slftrLQf)Q>0
CQ)ru~-(L)ft~cg:>ruru~~L(Q)WJ~(WlLQ)cg>loQ)fE)gnEID9(O)Qf)o(JJ(l)
",Y-A9c(Q)(Q1Q)CffiL5Cru<tUc<9tPLmCru9cem[)(Q1Q)<90cg:>lL5
ru5W(O)C0cg>mcru9ccm[)(Q1Q)<9(f)cem[)LwLruS<9~cmLmLQ)ruQ)ccg>LmQJ.ID0lem5<9

30. 29. 1944-6)e.J 38-00 63ocBCJ.)lmoBm.>l6)~ <l:1SC3(J)(ll)1.- 1944-6)8..1 lcfu1Q)1
mam m1CQJI2l<&I'SB(J)<ID1 63o<ocwlmoBcru1am-
(n{j) 3-00 ClJcfu6?;:j16)8..I @nJClJcfu6?d (1), 9-00 ClJcfu6?;:j16)8..I @nJClJcfu6?d
(1) 10-00 ClJcfu6?;:j16)8.J 6lJ6lTDo (n{j) 11-00 ClJcfu6?;:j16)8.J ~nJClJcfu6?d (1) 13-00
ClJcfu6~6)8.J ~nJClJcfu6?d (1) n{j)em~ ClJcfu6~6cfu@lam "cruoffilOom (J)ClJ6l!B6)Q)(ff'
n{j)em ClJ0c66l6cfuuncOO' <&ClJ6llS1 n{j)ClJl6)S 6)CQJ06)c66l «3l()<ID ~nJ<&CQJ0(J)1t.:ld136<&6llS0,
" cru0 ffilO 0m (J) ClJ6l!B 6) Q)of" «3l() 1.OClJ0, «3l() <ID<ID6cru0 (J) <ID1<&nJ 0 6)8..1, " <& cfulCT3
(J)ClJ6l!B6)l2loB
v
" ~fi'Ieml6l3T36)m I2lO<&06llS<IDO6fI1.o '~J 0
(6TlJl) 10-00 ClJcfu6?;:jlam 6lJ6lTDo ( n{j) CQJlam "3 Q)ocru6l3T3un" n{j)em
ClJ0c66l6cfuun " 63al6 ClJ<00910" n{j)<T"D <ID1al6<&CUTm6llS<ID06fI1.
(ii) 2, 4 n{j)em~ 6lJ6lTDlcfucfu@lam
(n{j) "63C06 lnJO<&Bunlcfu «3l()W1cfuOalffilOOmo" n{j)em ClJOc66l6
cfuunc66l6<&unn9:10 " «3l()6)~ffiJ1am <&cfulCT3cruoffilO 0m «3l()l.OClJ0 6)lnJ0ClJl<l3091.1am
®0tfug1m6 cfu~<g1<&8.J0, «3l()<IDlmo<&8.Jo, ffilOonJlc66l6)~3136~ 63al6 <&cfuO<O?;:j<&O
o91<l3 n{j)<&em0, cru<Oc66l0<O crunDoCQJCUTml8.J6~ <&<ID0 mlCQJUTU)6mCUTml8.J6~<&<IDO
®0CQJ «3l()WlcfuOall<&CQJo cruoneJ<&12l0 1956-6)8.J (1956-6)8.J 1) cfucrum~m)
®0tfugl6)8.J 617 - 00 ClJcfu6~lam ClJ1ClJ all ~136~ cru<O<OOo<o cfucru ml<&CQJo
«3l()CUTmco0 <&cfu~ <O?;:j<&0 0916)rrB<&CQJ0 «3l()wlcfu0allCQJ66)S <&CQJ0 cru0 neJCUTm16)erR<&CQJ0
cru<O<OOo<o cfucrumlCQJ66)S<&CQJO crunDOCQJ12l6~ 63al6 6)cru06)6)crugl<&CQJO" n{j)em
ClJO<OO6cfu@60 lnJ<&CQJ0 (J)6l3T3@;>'0 ~ un6)?;:js6<&CUTm6llS<ID06fI1.
(6TlJl) "®ol.OClJO ®OWlcfuoco1" n{j)em ClJ0<006cfuun<006 <&un0910
" ®O 1.OClJ0 <&cfu0<O?;:j<&0 091<l3 ®O 1.OClJ0 cru0 neJ0 cru<0<000<0 cfucrum1 ®O 1.OClJ0
6)cru(6)6)crugl" n{j)em~ ClJ0<006cfuun ~un6)?;:js6<&CUTm6llS<ID06fl1.
(iii) 4- n{j) 6lJ6lTDlcfuWce6) <&ClJ6llS1, <ID(6)9 nJOCQJ6em 6lJ6lTDlcfu
nJcfualo ~nJ<&CQJO(J)1<&<OO6llS<ID06fl1, ®O<IDoCQJ<ID "4-n{j) 1988 -6)8..1 «3l()9112l<IDl ml<&alo
wm ®0tfugl<l3cfu~91am unlefu9::l1<OO6)?;:j<&s6llS 63al6 cfu6go."

31. (iv) 6U6rrWlc£h 5 am "2, 3, 4 nmem"l gQm6ID3un" nmem ruoce6)~
c£hunce6)~o lrU~cwocn6ID3unce6)~o rUc£h<bo "2, 3, 4 4-nm @m6ID3un" nmem"J
ruoce6)~ c£h~~ 0 lrU~CWOcn6ID3~~0 ~rU~cwocnl~ce6)61lS<ID06T""T1.
30. O~Oce6)e.J!o 63!91ruO<B6>e.J!o.- (1) 1947-6)e.J (1947-6)eJ 2) <mo!9112l<IDl
ml~<bowm ®0cfuO, 1952-6)eJ (1952-6)e.J 46) lc£h112l1mam mlcwl2l~t5(3cn<IDl ®0cfuOo . 0
nmem1ru gQ<IDlmoam 0<30c66)lcw13~~<ID06T""T1.
(2) <moarrm<bo 0<30c66)eJ!61lS0CWOeJ~0, 1897-6)eJ (1897-6)eJ 10) ~m
oam ~~Offi)cm ®0cfugl6)eJ 6'-00 ruc£h~~l6)~ lrU~cwocnarrmlm nDomlc£h<b12l
~(6)<ID, <mo6ID36)m O~0c66)6)~3 ®0c£hglmm!ffi)<bl~.~p <mo<IDlcr3 c£h"l!91~eJo
6).!lJcW<ID6)<ID0IDOCWOeJ!0 nm0ID~ mSrUsl omS!arrm13~ 6)61lSffi:>leJ!0, <mo6ID36)m
~~~crol~13!6)61lSffi:> leJ~o gQ'D ®0cfugl6)~ ru.,ru<TUDc£h~~12l0cwl <mo<IDlm ~.!lJcB~
cwl~oarrmls~arrmo~o, gQ'D ®0c£hgl6)~ <ID(3m~<blrUl2locw ru~ru<TUDc£h~m!ffi)
<bl~~o <mo<IDlcr3 c£h"l!91~8JO 6).!lJcW<ID<IDO~CWO nmS!mTm13!~<ID0~CWO c£h<b~<ID!
em<ID06T""T1.
31. 1860-6>e.J 45-00 ~abgl6>1 .!lJle.J ruefb!~~efb6>§ 63!91ruoc66>am.-
@0ID.,cr3 crolc£h9::jomlcwl2lo (1860-6)eJ 45) arrml6>eJ 161 1Zl~<IDam 165 nm ru6)<b
ruc£h~~!c£hun (<b61lS~0 ~un6)~6)S) 63!91ruo~c66)61lS<ID06T""T1, ~c£hlm ®0c£hglmoam
®0 ruc£h~~~c£hun 0C30c66)6)~3<ID06)6fT)em~rU06)eJ1897-6)8..1 ~moam ~~Offi)cm
®0c£hgl6)~ 6-00 ruc£h~if (1897-6)~ 10) 63!91ruOc66)6)~31SarrID lrU~cwocnl~c66)
61lS<ID06T""T1.