Part-I Question 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the bacteria he found in the stomach? Give at least three alternative hypotheses that could explain these findings. Answer: Dr. Warren\'s hypothesis was that there was a definite correlation between active, chronic gastritis and the presence of the bacteria found in stomachs. hypothesis 1. Dr. Warren noticed a thin blue line on the surface of the tissue. hypothesis 2: Warren found numerous spiral shaped bacteria when stained with a Warthin-Starry silver stain of the histological section. hypothesis 3: Dr. Warren also observed that the number of bacteria observed seemed to correlate with the degree of inflammation of the stomach lining—the more severe the inflammation, the more abundant the bacteria. Question 2.What should Dr. Warren do next? Answer: Dr. Warren started Warthin-Starry silver stain for all the gastric biopsies he examined. Part-II: Question: At this stage of the story, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of observational? Answer: Dr. Warren and Marshall had the quantitative data based on the observations made by various researchers, such as Italian pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, Polish clinical researcher, Dr. W. Jaworski. The results that obtained from the previous reports are purely observational, not experimental. Part-III: Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of observational? Answer: Now, at this stage, Warren and Marshall had electron microscopy data of the bacteria that was colonized in the lab culture media, and therefore, the data was now experimentally proven qualitative data. Question: What other information would you like to have about this bacterium now that it can be successfully cultured in the lab? Answer: The bacteria that was isolated from the biopsy of patient\'s stomach for lab culture, was a slow grower, and it took 5-6 days for colonization instead of 2 days which has taken by many identified bacteria. Part IV: Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of observational? Answer: The data was generated by pilot studies from 100 patients and the data was experimental and also statistically analyzed, therefore it was qualitative as well as quantitative data. CANNOT SEE FIGURE 3. UNABLE TO ANSWER FURTHER. Solution Part-I Question 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the bacteria he found in the stomach? Give at least three alternative hypotheses that could explain these findings. Answer: Dr. Warren\'s hypothesis was that there was a definite correlation between active, chronic gastritis and the presence of the bacteria found in stomachs. hypothesis 1. Dr. W.

1. Part-I
Question 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the bacteria he found in the stomach?
Give at least three alternative hypotheses that could explain these findings.
Answer: Dr. Warren's hypothesis was that there was a definite correlation between active,
chronic gastritis and the presence of the bacteria found in stomachs.
hypothesis 1. Dr. Warren noticed a thin blue line on the surface of the tissue.
hypothesis 2: Warren found numerous spiral shaped bacteria when stained with a Warthin-Starry
silver stain of the histological section.
hypothesis 3: Dr. Warren also observed that the number of bacteria observed seemed to correlate
with the degree of inflammation of the stomach lining—the more severe the inflammation, the
more abundant the bacteria.
Question 2.What should Dr. Warren do next?
Answer: Dr. Warren started Warthin-Starry silver stain for all the gastric biopsies he examined.
Part-II:
Question: At this stage of the story, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: Dr. Warren and Marshall had the quantitative data based on the observations made by
various researchers, such as Italian pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, Polish clinical researcher, Dr.
W. Jaworski. The results that obtained from the previous reports are purely observational, not
experimental.
Part-III:
Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: Now, at this stage, Warren and Marshall had electron microscopy data of the bacteria
that was colonized in the lab culture media, and therefore, the data was now experimentally
proven qualitative data.
Question: What other information would you like to have about this bacterium now that it can be
successfully cultured in the lab?
Answer: The bacteria that was isolated from the biopsy of patient's stomach for lab culture, was
a slow grower, and it took 5-6 days for colonization instead of 2 days which has taken by many
identified bacteria.
Part IV:
Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the

2. spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: The data was generated by pilot studies from 100 patients and the data was
experimental and also statistically analyzed, therefore it was qualitative as well as quantitative
data.
CANNOT SEE FIGURE 3. UNABLE TO ANSWER FURTHER.
Solution
Part-I
Question 1. What is Dr. Warren’s hypothesis regarding the bacteria he found in the stomach?
Give at least three alternative hypotheses that could explain these findings.
Answer: Dr. Warren's hypothesis was that there was a definite correlation between active,
chronic gastritis and the presence of the bacteria found in stomachs.
hypothesis 1. Dr. Warren noticed a thin blue line on the surface of the tissue.
hypothesis 2: Warren found numerous spiral shaped bacteria when stained with a Warthin-Starry
silver stain of the histological section.
hypothesis 3: Dr. Warren also observed that the number of bacteria observed seemed to correlate
with the degree of inflammation of the stomach lining—the more severe the inflammation, the
more abundant the bacteria.
Question 2.What should Dr. Warren do next?
Answer: Dr. Warren started Warthin-Starry silver stain for all the gastric biopsies he examined.
Part-II:
Question: At this stage of the story, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: Dr. Warren and Marshall had the quantitative data based on the observations made by
various researchers, such as Italian pathologist Giulio Bizzozero, Polish clinical researcher, Dr.
W. Jaworski. The results that obtained from the previous reports are purely observational, not
experimental.
Part-III:
Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: Now, at this stage, Warren and Marshall had electron microscopy data of the bacteria
that was colonized in the lab culture media, and therefore, the data was now experimentally

3. proven qualitative data.
Question: What other information would you like to have about this bacterium now that it can be
successfully cultured in the lab?
Answer: The bacteria that was isolated from the biopsy of patient's stomach for lab culture, was
a slow grower, and it took 5-6 days for colonization instead of 2 days which has taken by many
identified bacteria.
Part IV:
Question: At this stage of the study, what type(s) of data do Warren and Marshall have on the
spiral bacteria found in stomachs? Is it quantitative or qualitative? Is it experimental of
observational?
Answer: The data was generated by pilot studies from 100 patients and the data was
experimental and also statistically analyzed, therefore it was qualitative as well as quantitative
data.
CANNOT SEE FIGURE 3. UNABLE TO ANSWER FURTHER.