The State

1. People and Government

2. Four Essential Features of
The State
• Population
– The people that make up the State
– Populations can be either homogenous or
heterogeneous
• Territory
– An area with fixed boundaries
– Can change because of war, purchase, annexation
• Sovereignty
– Absolute authority, within its territorial boundaries
• Government
– Maintains order, provides services, enforces decisions
– CIA World Factbook

3. State vs. Country?
• State and country generally have the
same meaning
– Political community
– definite boundaries
– Sovereignty – freedom to make rules and
laws without getting approval from another
– independent government

4. Section –I
Principles of Government
• How many countries are there in the world
today?
• The answer…
• 200 is probably the best current answer to
the question.

5. Why is there not an exact number?
• There are dozens of territories and
colonies that are sometimes erroneously
called "countries" but don't count at all
– Bermuda
– Puerto Rico
– Greenland
– Northern Ireland
– Scotland
– they're not fully independent countries

6. So, are PA and NY countries?
• Not exactly
• Political divisions in the United States are
called states because:
• When the colonies banded together to
fight the British, they thought of
themselves as independent countries.

7. Population
• Race –
• Ethnicity –
• Nationality -

8. Race
• A group of people identified as distinct
from other groups because of supposed
physical or genetic traits
• Some biologists and anthropologists do
not recognize race as a biologically valid
classification. Race is "merely a social
construct.

9. Ethnicity
• a socially defined category of people who
identify with each other based on common
ancestral, social, cultural or national
experience

10. Nationality
• is the legal relationship between a person
and a state

11. DNA Discussion Project
• Have you ever wondered about the origins of your
family? Are you curious about your ethnicity or race?
Have you heard or told stories about your family's past?
Would you like to know the truth behind family secrets?
There happens to be a scientific way to answer all these
questions with a high level of accuracy. It is called DNA.
• DNA Discussion Project

12. DNA Discussion Project
• In the long run, we hope to expand the project to
include elementary and high school students in
the region. By encouraging greater
understanding of the science of genetics, the
construction of race, and the perception of
ethnicity, we hope to expand the dialogue about
diversity in our community.

13. Power????
•How do people come to
power???

14. Theories of the Origin of the
State

15. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Evolution
–Evolved from the
family

16. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Force
•Submit authority to a
ruling force

17. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Divine Right
•Rulers were chosen by
god

18. Theories of the Origin of the
State
•Social Contract Theory
• People gave Gov't power in return for
safety
• A government of “rules” not “rulers”

19. Locke vs. Hobbes
• Hobbes – “state of nature” world without
gov’t, “nasty, brutish, short”
• Locke – “life, liberty, and property”

20. The Purposes of Government
• Maintain Social Order
– Courts
– Pay Taxes
– Makes laws

21. The Purposes of Government
• Provide Essential Public Services
– School
– Police and Fire Services
– FDA
– Construction of Highways

22. The Purposes of Government
• National Security
– Armed Services
– Alliances or Treaties
– United Nations
– CIA

23. Control the Nations Economy
• Make Economic Decisions
– Money Supply
– Currency
– Interest Rate
– Banking
– Taxes
• Capitalism
• Socialism
• Communism

24. End of Show
•GO
Eagles,
Flyers
and
76ers

25. T ForTemple U