The document summarizes the key issues in the landmark US Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson. It discusses that Homer Plessy, who was 7/8 Caucasian and 1/8 African, challenged a Louisiana law requiring racial segregation on railways. The case went to the Supreme Court in 1896 to determine if the "separate but equal" law was constitutional. The Court ultimately ruled in favor of the state, allowing racial segregation as long as facilities were equal for both races. This decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine and was later overturned by Brown v. Board of Education in 1954.