Stone Masonry Wall Construction

1. STONE MASONRY
By,
Monish Kumar K
Assistant Professor
Dept of Civil Engineering
SJCE JSSSTU
Mysuru

2. Stone Masonry
• Mortar
▫ Lime mortar
▫ Cement mortar
▫ Lime Cement mortar
• Stone

3. Rocks

7. Difference between a stone and a
Rock
• A stone is a solid non-metallic mineral matter.
• Unlike a rock that is a large peace, a stone is a
small piece.
• One of the key differences between a rock and a
stone is that while rocks can be both soft and
hard, stones can only be hard

8. Stone materials are often used for construction
because they are
• Strong
• Durable and
• Resistant to weather conditions.
Stone is extracted from natural deposits called
quarrying.

9. Requirements Of Good Building stone
A good building stone should have the following qualities.
❖Crushing strength: For a good structural stone, the crushing strength
should be greater than 100 N/mm2.
❖Appearance:-For face work it should have fine, compact texture.
❖Light colored stone is preferred as dark colors are likely to fadeout in
due course of time.
❖Structure:-A broken stone should not be dull in appearance and
should have uniform texture free from cavities, cracks, and patches of
loose or soft material. Stratifications should not be visible to naked
eye.

11. ❖ Strength: A stone should be strong and durable to withstand the disintegrating action
of weather . Compressive strength of building stones in practice range between 60 to
200N/mm2.
❖ Weight:-It is an indication of the porosity and density. For stability of structures such
as dams. Retaining walls , etc. heavier stones are required, where as for arches ,
vaults , domes ,etc . light stones may be the choice.
❖ Hardness: This property is important for floors, pavements ,aprons of bridges , etc.
❖ Toughness: The measure of impact that a stone can with stand is defined as
toughness. The stone used should be tough when vibratory or moving loads are
anticipated.

12. ❖Porosity & Absorption:-Porosity depends on the
mineral constituents, cooling time and structural
formation.
A porous stone disintegrates as the absorbed
rain water freezes, expands, and causes cracking.

13. Permissible water absorption for some
of the stones is given in below Table.

19. Types of Stone Masonry
A) Rubble Masonry
1)Random Rubble
a. Un-coursed
b. Built to Courses
2)Square Rubble
a. Un-coursed
b. Built to Courses
c. Regular Coursed
3)Miscellaneous Types
a. Polygonal walling
b. Flint walling
4)Dry Rubble Masonry

20. B. Ashlar Masonry
a. Ashlar Fine tooled
b. Ashlar rough tooled
c. Ashlar rock, rustic or quarry faced
d. Ashlar Chamfered
e. Ashlar block in course
f. Ashlar facing

21. Rubble Masonry
1)Random Rubble : Uncoursed

22. 2)Random Rubble : Built to Courses

23. 3)Square Rubble : Uncoursed

24. 4)Square Rubble : Built to courses

25. 5) Square Rubble : Rectangular coursed

26. 6) Polygonal walling

27. 7)Flint Walling

28. 8) Dry rubble masonry

30. Ashlar Masonry
1) Ashlar fine tooled

31. 2)Ashlar rough tooled

32. 3)Ashlar rock faced

33. 4)Ashlar Chamfered

34. 5)Ashlar block in course

35. 6)Ashlar facing