Healthcare Systems Compared: Germany, Australia & Canada

Healthcare And The Health Care System
Healthcare is defined as the prevention of treatment and management of illness and preservation of
mental and physical well–being through, services offered by the medical and allied health
professionals. However, in 2010 the meaning of healthcare changed for the citizens of America due
to a much needed healthcare reform. With a recession ending many American citizens were left
unemployed or underemployed which had a great impact on healthcare benefits. Several citizens
still do not have healthcare benefits, and as the cost of health rises many with benefits are unable to
receive care. With a decrease in benefits and an increasing demand for care the health care industry
is rapidly changing. The US has identified the need to restructure their health care system and has
looked at the systems in place by partnering countries. Is it possible that a system of another country
would best suite the US? The German Health Care System has similar components as the US yet
their success rate is much higher.
Germany provides 2 health insurance options to its citizens, which includes Social and Private
health insurances. The social health insurance is called a sickness fund and Germany mandates that
all lower and middle class individuals enroll in this plan. On the other hand the Private health
insurance applies to the higher class individuals. Primarily all German citizens have some type of
health insurance, leaving less than 1% of the population uninsured. In addition any long term care
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The Australian Health Care System
THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
The Australian health care system is a highly functioning and accessible system in the whole world.
Our Health System is shaped around many factors including; age, race, health, socioeconomic and
cultural backgrounds, health history and location.
There are many facets of the Australian Health care System. It doesn't just include the local doctor;
there are many other services that are a part of a larger network.
There are many governing bodies that enable the policy, legislation, coordination and funding
aspects of delivering quality services. Australia's regulation of health services is the responsibility of
government with the planning and delivery of services been shared between non–government and ...
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Demand increased between the great wars for a better public health system. Private hospitals were
too expensive for many people with serious ailments. Public hospitals became the best place to
receive the best treatment with public hospitals setting up wards for public patients that couldn't pay
and private wards for those patients that could pay. Public hospitals struggled with revenue and
many set up contribution schemes in the 1930's
In 1928, a compulsory health insurance scheme was suggested and turned down because the
friendlies society thought it compromised their business model. It was then reintroduced in 1938 and
this time opposed by the medical profession as they questioned the range of services covered.
In 1944 a Pharmaceuticals Scheme was implemented but was challenged by the Victorian
government and the health profession. The High court found it to be unconstitutional and argued the
scheme was an infringement on a practitioner's right to prescribe medication new PBS commenced
but was not implanted due to strong opposition from the medical profession who did not support the
proposed renumerating and administrative arrangements
In 1950 the Menzies government introduced the first National Health Scheme. Individuals were free
to choose if they wanted to be covered by insurance. They also branched into Aged Care funding
organisations to build housing for older people and then nursing homes. Over the

Developing A Health Care System
Despite the nation 's significant investment in health care, the US ranks last overall in health care to
other industrialized nations. To help better health in the US, the Triple Aim was launched in October
2007 and was designed to help health care organizations improve the health of populations and the
care they receive by focusing attention on three different aims that were developed to improve the
experience of care, health of populations, and to reduce per capita costs of healthcare (Berwick,
Nolan, & Whittington, 2008). In order to have better health in the US, all three of these components
must be addressed and balanced in order to reach the goal of Triple Aim in optimizing our health
care system. The US has developed a health care system that is built around the concept of better
care focusing on events and illness that are already present or have happened, such as heart attacks
or diabetes. What the Triple Aim has brought to health care is the vision of better health that tries to
capture the social need of health care by focusing primarily on not only the idea of better care, but
also on better health, and lower costs (Oregon Primary Care Assc., 2012). Triple Aim has brought
the realization that better care is needed. If you get sick, it is important that all the dimensions to
improve care are brought as close to perfection as possible; therefore, addressing safety needs,
effectiveness, efficiency, timeliness, patient–centeredness, and equity within the

The Health Care System Of Ontario
Introduction
The health care system in Ontario has been subjected to a lot of criticism and investigation since its
introduction midway through the twentieth century. In the past decade, there has been a significant
increase in the demand of healthcare, due to increase in the population from immigration and also,
an increase in the chronic diseases among the residents of Ontario, which in turn has affected the
overall quality of the provision of healthcare. Due to its availability to wide range of people it has
become evident that the health care system has been restricted by incorporation of various strict
time–consuming policies, which may cause the current healthcare system to be unsustainable in the
future. Therefore, healthcare industry has added resources to accommodate increase in demands and
the needs of the Ontarians, but this does not eliminate the problem that Ontario lacks a system–wide
and sustained approach to improve quality of primary healthcare, which will be further discussed in
the paper.
Historical Background
According to the Constitutional Act of 1867, it was the responsibility of the province to publically
establish and maintain hospitals, asylums, charities and charitable institutions. Federal government
took control of the public health care from 1867–1919 after which, healthcare in Canada became a
completely private sector. People who needed health care were expected to pay for the services
themselves. The supply of medical services was minimal

Health Care System in Germany
Healthcare finance assignment
Introduction
The German health care system
[pic]
The German health care system has the reputation of being one of the best in the world. There is an
extensive network of hospitals and doctors covering even the remotest areas of Germany.
Waiting lists for treatments are rare. Medical facilities are equipped with the latest technology and
the statutory health insurance scheme provides nearly full cover for most medical treatments and
medicines. Almost everybody in Germany has access to this system, irrespective of income or social
status.
The downside is that medical costs are high. Health care costs – for doctors, hospital stays and even
medicines – are among the most expensive in the world. There is no such ... Show more content on
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When is state health insurance mandatory?
As of 2007, state health insurance was compulsory for the following groups: Employees whose
regular income before deductions does exceeds €400 per month and remains below a set annual
limit. In 2006, the general annual gross income limit for mandatory state insurance was €47.250.
Students at state and state–approved universities.
People on work experience (internships) or in secondary education
Old–age pensioners who have been in a statutory health insurance scheme or insured as a family
member for most of the latter half of their working life.
Unemployed people receiving benefits from Federal Employment Services (with some exceptions)
You can within a period of three months join a state health insurance scheme voluntarily if you:
Have been a compulsory member, your membership is terminated and you have certain qualifying
insurance periods
Are an employee and your income in your first job exceeds the limit, as long as you apply for

membership within three months of starting work
Are severely disabled (subject to certain other requirements)
Have been insured through a family member for a specific minimum period and this insurance has
expired
Students from countries with which Germany has concluded a social security agreement which
includes an insurance clause can continue to be covered by their home

Health Care System
Given the fact that the United states of America and Canada are linked together sharing a border
which is open basically to and from both sides, their health care systems are highly different from
each other and how the services are financed, organized and given to the citizens.
In Canada, healthcare comes from the 'Single payer system' (Canadian health care system, 2013).
Single payer is known to be quite normal in many other countries, for example, New Zealand. It is
basically a publically funded system that is provided by the provincial governments through taxes
with guidance and some funds from the federal government (Canadian health care system, 2013).
This health system covers Canadian citizens, permanent residents and temporary ... Show more
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Most of all the U.S. citizens need a more privately owned insurance to cover the cost of medical
care services. Group health insurance purchased by employers were introduced originally during
World War II, when wages froze it caused employers to offer benefits such as a way to compete for
workers. Nearly every amend since the early 1970s has desired to grow this concept of things. There
are now currently more than 1200 privately owned insurance companies in America. Public
insurance is provided for the poor that can't afford good healthcare (Medicaid) and for those over
age sixty–five (Medicare). The Medicare system administers medical coverage for those who are at
the age 65 and older. In addition, younger people with disabling illnesses or injuries are suitable for
Medicare coverage. Those who are under age 65, but do not have health insurance are too poor to
afford it and are eligible for medical coverage through Medicaid. Medicare is financed by federal
income taxes, while Medicaid is funded by a blend of state and federal taxes. Medical insurance for
those who can't seem to get it anywhere else is actually paid for by the more prosperous citizens,
basically the rich and well paid citizens. It is paid not directly, but through work and taxes that they
pay

The Behavioral Health Care Systems
Today, health care systems continue to face challenges when it comes to implementing mental health
services, that can properly treat mental illnesses such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The
structure of these systems that fail to integrate or prepare clinicians to work with both mental health
cases, and basic health concerns impede with the potential of giving quality services overall. There
is an immense need to incorporate an improved system that would better serve this client population.
It is fundamental to introduce behavioral health reform within these health care systems that can
pinpoint barriers that essentially create gaps in treatment for GAD. Recognizing these discrepancies
can serve to explore alternative outlets that promote the necessary changes needed to ensure the
availability of adequate help for their mental health condition.
As we take into account the behavioral health services that are available to individuals who suffer
from generalized anxiety disorder, particular attention should be given to the quality, and delivery of
mental health services provided by primary care physicians/providers. The methods, and skills
utilized by these practitioners should be highly considered, as they are key to the recovery of clients.
Unfortunately, this is not the case for many primary care providers (PCP) who predominantly serve
the GAD clientele. According to Posmontier, and Breiter (2012) primary care providers who try to
administer mental health services

Health Care System Essay
The Trinidad health care system operates under two tier system which consist of both public and
private health care facilities, the main responsibility of the ministry of health is the overseeing of the
health care sector, although this agency does not directly run the public health care facilities, the
responsibility of this office is to set policies, goal and targets areas based on the assessment of the
community health needs, as well as to allocate funds to the regional health authorities to finance the
various health needs of the community.
The public health the care system which includes four main hospital that helps to facilities the
country medical needs, and can be access by the entire population of Trinidad and is offered free ...
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In the case of serious medical emergency, a medical evacuation is needed to transport the individual
to the closest health care facility that offers sufficient medical care, which may be located in another
country, such as Miami in the United States.
The private medical sector in Trinidad is very small comprising of four facilities which include:
St Augustine private hospital
Southern medical clinic
West shore private medical hospital
Adventist hospital
These facilities are located either in Port of Spain, San Fernando and the West Mooring area, they
are sufficient enough to treat most health problems but offer only a slightly better treatment than that
of the public health care systems. Although the private sector is considered better than the public
sector it is still incapable of handling serious illness and injuries especially those that require long
term care.
The health care system in Trinidad is not considered the best especially is seeking care at the public
facilities according to article written by Akilah Holder who writes for the Trinidad guardian
concerning the death of pregnant women who have had C– section at the hospital these are some of
story.
"Juliet Primus will never again hold her baby girl in her arms. She will not be around when baby
Chasarah takes her first steps or says her first words.
She will not be there to answer her questions when

A Universal Health Care System
A universal health care system All Americans should have access to healthcare despite their ability
to pay.
Americans should have access to healthcare because no American should go in debt in order to be
seen by a Doctor.
Any American that doesn't have health insurance because they cannot afford private health
insurance should have an option for a government ran insurance system. After the age of twenty–
two I was no longer able to be on my mother's health insurance and because I was not pregnant, I
did not qualify for any type of state insurance. At this time I was working at a restaurant that did not
offer health insurance, and was only making minimum wage. Being diagnosed with epilepsy the
year before, I started looking at what I could find for private health insurance. Due to my epilepsy
diagnoses, most insurance companies would not even talk to me, and the companies that did could
only offer me plans that would cost me four hundred to six hundred dollars a month. I was only
making around twelve hundred dollars a month, and I was not able to afford to pay that much money
for health insurance. So instead of going to the doctors like I needed too, I only would only go to the
ER when my health got bad.
One day, I was on my way to work when I had a seizure at the bus stop, I spent a week in the
hospital and went home with a medical bill of five thousand dollars. I went back to work, but we
had to move and things started to get worse, because I was not able to pay my

U.s. Health Care System
The U.S. health care system faces challenges and it is urgent that the American people become
aware of these challenges. There are approximately 46 million Americans who are uninsured, and
many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums have to pay out–of–pocket costs. As
Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to reduce the number of
Americans without insurance coverage, people must address shortfalls in the quality and efficiency
of care that lead to higher costs and to poor health outcomes. If something is not done soon, there
will be many more who will not have health care coverage that is affordable or they will be without
coverage altogether.
There is evidence that Americans often do not get the care they need. This is alarming because the
United States spends more money per person on health–care than any other nation in the world.
Health care in the United State is not used as effectively as it should be used; this results in higher
spending on complex and chronic diseases. Patients who suffer from hypertension, heart disease,
and diabetes often do not receive the health care and effective treatments such as drug therapies or
self management services to help them more effectively manage their conditions. People with these
diseases need more than medicine; they need the treatment and health education to help them know
and understand their disease and be able to live a more healthy lifestyle. This is true for insured,

The Health Care Delivery System
The health care delivery system can be overwhelming, but compare it to another country, this can
make it more confusing. Let's look further into Americas health care delivery system and let take a
look into the health care delivery system of Canada. I have always found Canada fascinating. I hope
to understand how they run their health care and maybe what can we do to our health care to
improve it?
Canada 's health care system, is a group of socialized health insurance plans that provides coverage
to Canadian citizens. It also publicly funds and administers on a provincial or territorial basis, with
guidelines set by the federal government. Canada implemented their health insurance, also known as
Medicare, in 1966. Medicare is made up of 13 health insurance plans. The majority of the financing
comes from the general tax revenues and the federal government provides a fixed amount that is not
a part of the actual expenditure. The total health care expenditure is made up of 70% health in the
public sector. Territorial and provincial departments of health have the responsibility to give medical
insurance plans, decide if there should be reimbursement for providers, and deliver certain public
health services. By law, all provinces are required to provide access to all medical services and to
provide an easy way to access benefits in each providence. All Canadian providences, expect
Ontario, have resorted to regionalization. This is done by creating administrative districts in

Preventing The Health Care System
In fear of financial devastation, my aunt struggled with accruing medical debt because she could not
afford health insurance for her two young boys. Although a working single mother, she fell above
the federal poverty line for the state of Florida inhibiting health care access for her two sons. My
aunt was faced with the choice of paying her household bills and ensuring there was food on the
table or spending her money on health insurance. Unfortunately, hospital visits are inevitable with
two active boys. One cousin actually fractured his skull requiring an emergency room visit and CT
scans, which took two years for my aunt to fully pay for. These experiences, which many Americans
will encounter, cause the majority of the population to avoid the health care system unless
confronted with dire circumstances. Our health care system deters undeserved populations and
uninsured individuals from participating in routine check–ups or visiting primary care physicians,
contributing decreasing practice of preventative care. As human beings, it is our civil duty to ensure
the well being of the community and not just that of the individual. By implementing health care as
a basic right, we will expand preventative care practice in the United States ultimately leading to
improved health outcomes and cost containment of health expenditures. Currently, our nation is
experiencing a vast socioeconomic disparity in access to primary and preventative care. Studies
have shown, "the

The Canadian Health Care System
The Canadian healthcare system is currently ranked in the top 11 OECD countries making the
Canadian healthcare system one of the best in the world, although like all perfect systems, there are
always uncovered flaws within. When examining certain attributes and traits within the system, such
as accessibility and the general quality of healthcare performance is considered to be low ranking
amongst international practices, thus improvements are needed. More importantly, the Canadian
health care system contains many different attributes and qualities differentiating it from any other
system in the world. This can be seen when examining the systems' orientation and design, and
service delivery. Health inequalities is another impacting factor on our health care system, this
becomes clear when examining Aboriginal people's health.
The Canadian healthcare system has been lagging behind other westernized countries except the
United States in terms of quality, access, efficiency, and equity. According to a study by the CHSRF
(Canadian Health Services Research Foundation), findings suggest substantially worse performance
in Canada for: wait times for diagnostic tests, discharge reports, and being consulted in emergency
departments. These issues are a generic sign of lack of system organization and support in Canada
compared with other international jurisdictions (Katz, 2009). When searching for differences
between different provinces in Canada in regards to access to a family doctor,

Health Care And The Healthcare System
Health care will always be a topic of discussion. Every health care system has its pros and its cons,
due to the fact that healthcare in itself will never be perfect. Even in other countries around the
world, although their healthcare system works are much better than America's, it is still a work in
progress. In the videos from Sick Around the World and Kaiser Family Foundation's video on
describing how our healthcare system was before the Affordable Care and how it was after the
Affordable Healthcare act was passed, we get a glance of our own health care system here in the
United States. We also get a glance at the healthcare system in five distinct countries: Great Britain,
Japan, Germany, Taiwan, and Switzerland. The one thing I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
A negative charistic about Switzerland's healthcare system is that the average monthly premium for
a family is seven hundred–fifty dollars, which is the second most expensive healthcare in the world
(Palfreman & Reid, 2008). One of our biggest problems with our healthcare system is cost, it's way
too expensive. For a family in the United States, the average cost of a premium is almost fourteen
thousand dollars a year. The premiums have also doubled over the past nine years. Our population is
also aging and living much longer, this means more people have health problems which raises
healthcare prices even more. Another big problem in our healthcare system is that it's filled with
holes. People that buy health care on their own can be turned down if they have a preexisting
condition. Small businesses can also be charged if their workers are sick, which makes insurance
unaffordable. Some of the healthcare policies also have a lifetime limit on benefits, which means
people least likely to have coverage are the ones who need it the most (Kaiser Family Foundation,
2013). The best component of the Affordable Care Act is that it provides newly eligible adults with a
"benchmark benefit package", or an equivalent, that meets the minimum health benefits. This new
law increases coverage for primary care services provided by primary care doctors. This law
benefits families that hit the one hundred thirty–three percent of the federal

The French Health Care System
Introduction France, a member country of the Organization for Economic Co–operation and
Development (OECD), has the total population around 63 million and steady growth rate around
0.7% (OECD, 2013). France has great performance in a number of measures of well–being. For
instance, according to the OECD statistics (OECD, 2013), the average household net–adjusted
disposable income of France is 28,310 USD per year, which is much more than the OECD average
(23, 047 USD). Compared to the OECD average employment rate between 15 and 64 years age,
which is 66%, French slightly lower (64%). However, the number is still better than most of the
OECD countries such as the USA (OECD, 2013). In terms of health, life expectancy at birth in
France is 82 years, which is higher than the OECD average (80 years). Specifically, life expectancy
for females is 86 years while the figure for males is 79 (OECD, 2013). In 2000, the World Health
Organisation (WHO) generated the annual report of which the theme was the health care system
performance all over the world (WHO, 2000). This report specifically analysed the performance of
the healthcare systems of 191 countries and ranked based on a lot of criteria. Surprisingly, the
French health care system was ranked the first place for the overall performance. Since then, the
discussion and debate around the French health care system has never ended. The favours would
like to propagate the insurance coverage and the financing mechanism while the

Introduction to the issue (e.g. problem, dilemma, concern); include a thesis statement. The Canadian
health care system is certainly unique in its features.... Despite, the fact that the Canadian health care
system is one of the most evolved in the world, it lacks a sense of an efficiency effective mission, in
which would improve the quality and accessibility of health care in the management perspective. In
this paper we will analyze current ineffective practices, and alternate methods; in regards to patient
information records on a large scale. Thus, by the removal of the traditional paper records in regards
to patient information will prove to be an in effective process, calling for a technological evolution
of health information by the means of Computerized Patient Records. Through the process of EMR's
the desired target would be to lead Canadian health care towards a future with an integrated delivery
system, in which connects health care under one unified system. furthermore, EMR's will lead to a
more effective and efficient patient care. And lastly the introduction of the system would lead to a
more effective allocation of resources in health care, thus looking at the cost in relation to the
benefit. Thus the introductions of Computerized Health Records on a large scale would relive the
financial and derivative stress on the health care economics, and system, and in so doing the use of
EMR's would strengthen the nations productivity Why is it an issue and how has

The Health Of A Health Care System
A health care system is a framework of interrelated, interacting, and interdependent descriptions of
human development in a given country, region, or community. This system of human development
functions as an organized measure to promote and provide treatment in which individuals reach their
highest attainable level of physical, mental, and social well–being. All health care systems are
grounded in the concept that genetic and biological factors must be taken into account to understand
the problems and behaviors of a specific population. The interconnected factors that determine an
individual's health status includes personal features, social status, culture, environment, educational
attainment, health behaviors, childhood development, access to care, and government policy.
International collaboration of ideas on the progression of transnational health is greatly endorsed for
the benefit of complete global health care. Health care has social, governmental, and financial
implications that affect all members of the health care system and in countries within the Central
American region specially, citizens have fallen victim to health disparities that have resulted from
long–term neglect of the underlying factors that perpetuate this issue. It is imperative for children to
develop with healthy nutrition during their first five years of life in order to sustain a healthy well
being. When a child experiences stunted growth, they often have difficulties learning and

Reactive Health Care System
There is much debate as to whether a "preventative" health care is more effective and economical
than a "reactive" health care system. Studies do not provide substantial evidence that preventative
health care has the power to lengthen the lives of people and reduce the amount of money spent on
treatment for cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
Americans are being diagnosed with chronic diseases as a result of smoking and obesity. Smoking
and obesity place great amounts of stress on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. The article
titled Trust for America's Health reveals that "Obesity costs the country $147 billion and tobacco use
$96 billion in direct healthcare costs each year" (1). In 1980, a Multiple Risk Factor Intervention
Trial was conducted using a random sample of 12,866 men. The men were separated into groups
and, according to David M. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of the men were monitored and some of them were given a special type of intervention. The
group that received intervention showed a 12 percent decrease in blood pressure, 50% decrease in
smoking, and a 5% decrease in cholesterol. These are common risk factors that are associated with
obesity and smoking. However, the control group also showed decreases by approximately half of
what the treatment group showed. This caused questions to arise because even though they did not
receive treatment, the risk factors still decreased. This means that the treatment did not have a very
significant effect in benefiting the health of people. The health care costs of obesity and smoking
added together are about 240 billion,

Australia 's Health Care System
The Health care systems in Australia have one of the most affordable, accessing and comprehensive
in the world. Access is the right to enter into and able to use the health care system. Australians have
enablers and barriers that may affect their health care system. Barriers have limited or, no access to
health care as consumers can have poor understanding of how to access health services, language
difficulties for instance medical jargon's or not understanding English at all, financial crisis and lack
of health information. There are many accesses to the health care system for instance, GP's, public
hospitals, specialised care, community–based services and other private sector health professionals.
Equity is the Australian population has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For socioeconomic factors, the health and well–being of Australians is moderately high compared
with other countries, there are significant disparities in the health outcomes of different populations
of Australia. People that live in poor socioeconomic areas, is likely to have the worst health than
people in other areas that have better socioeconomic, however, the Individuals and communities can
access to social work services help during difficult times for individual's life by providing
confidential counselling, support and information, (Department of Health Services, 2015). Social
workers can help if, individuals are suffering a crisis, are in need of support, or unsure how to access
the right assistance. For individuals, each get provided with services and information carers who are
experiencing homelessness, family and domestic violence, relationship breakdown, loss and grief,
mental health and addictions such as alcohol and/or drugs. The solutions that social workers can
support by counselling for a short period of time and help for personal or family issues. Physical
environment is another issue that affects people from accessing to health and human services. For
employment, people are healthier, specifically those who can control over their working conditions.
Biological and mental health affects the majority of individual's health.
Headspace is an initiative that was founded

Switzerland Health Care System
Switzerland Health Care System
The Introduction and Historical Background
Switzerland, officially known as the Swiss Confederation, is a federal republic made up of 23
cantons. It lies in central Europe and is bordered by many different countries, which are France,
Germany, Italy, and Austria. It covers a huge amount of area about 41,287 km2 Switzerland's major
city include, Berne which is the capital, also Zurich, Basle and Geneva. The country is dominated by
the Jura Mountains in the northwest and the beautiful Alps, which is a big tourist attraction in
Switzerland for skiing. The Cambrian Switzerland ski hotel located in Bernese Oberland region one
of the world's most spectacular mountain landscape in the south together these two areas occupy
about seventy percent of the country's area. The Rhine and Rhone rivers both gather in Switzerland,
and there are many lakes, including Lake Geneva and Lake Constance. Most of the population of
just over seven million lives in the valley of the Swiss Plateau, a narrow, hilly region between the
two mountain ranges called Swiss alps known as the Monta Rosa, that rises four thousand six
hundred and thirty four meters.
Switzerland has a very great climate that is never extremely hot or extremely cold with conditions
that vary with relief and altitude. The population is made up of four principle language communities
Germans, French ,Italians and the Romans. About forty eight percent are Roman Catholic forty four
percent are

Improving The Health Care System
Working to continually improve the health care system there are three aims that are required and
must be implemented simultaneously. A triple aims that has an impact on the cost decisions in
managed care are; improvement of the experience of care; amending the health care system as it
relates to communities, and reducing per capita costs of health care. Appropriate integration of these
three rolls known as the "triple aim" are five components of evaluation: partnership between
providers and those receiving care, redesigning of the primary care system, expansion of the
population health management, identification of financial management, and integration of the macro
system. Reaching a system that provides quality care with a decrease in cost is technical by nature,
but unfortunately influenced politically. One of the goals in managed care in relation to the triple
aim is the development of care for individuals that will allow them to expand and thrive. "In the
aggregate, we call those goals the "Triple Aim": improving the individual experience of care;
improving the health of populations; and reducing the per capita costs of care for populations,"
(Berwick, Nolan, & Wittington, 2008, p. 759). By balancing this form of an advanced system the
society would see a continual improve the cost impact of managed care. The overall advancement of
managed care in which there is a significant impact on cost is of cultivating interest to health care
leaders. In a continuum to improve

Operation Of Health Care System
OPERATION OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
The medical system in Cuba is a national priority, it provides care to every citizens. It is primary
care based, which means that team of doctors and nurses are in every part of the country and are
responsible for the health of a geographically defined population of 800–1800 people. Most of the
frequent visitors and people with chronic diseases, usually they spent half the day consulting people
in office and other half for the home visit. They are expected to be available for the patients in their
community 24 – 7 for any urgent cases. Some of the doctors in these settings are residents in the
second of their two–year FM residency, and they include those from other countries whose
governments permit ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Health care system is structured on two levels.
Level 1: Primary health care
Family doctor unit
Polyclinics (includes dental care)
Specialty institution
Mother's home
Grandparents home
Community mental health clinic
Level 2: Secondary health care
Inpatient hospital
Inpatient nursing homecare
One of the key differences between the US health system and Cuba health system is that Cuba
focuses on preventing diseases rather than treating the diseases. And everyone will be having family
physician and nurses. For the Cuba health system there are no private hospitals, all hospitals and
clinics are controlled by the government and people are given access to the system without any cost.
Every patient are visited by the family physician at home once in a year, one with chronic disease
will be visited frequently. If it is necessary patients are referred for specialty evaluation, but after the
evaluation they will come back to the community team for ongoing treatment.
This prevention orientation structure has produced positive result for the Cuba. Vaccination rates in
Cuba is the highest in world. The infant mortality rate fallen from 80 per 1000 live births to 5 per
1000, lower than US.
PRINCIPLE OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM
The principle that govern the public health system in Cuba are:
The public and social nature of the medicine
Access to services at no cost
Preventive

The Us Health Care System
The US health care system is can be difficult to understand since "many parts of the system are run
by hundreds of individual organizations, including the government, nonprofit, and for profit
enterprises (Understanding the US Healthcare system, 2015). Breaking down the US health care
system into different parts will make it easier to understand, while showing the pros and cons, and
how it impacts the role of nurses. Formally, I will do the same to Norway's health care system and
spot the similarities or differences with how each one is being run.
The history of the US health care system can explain when the health care all started and why we
have what we have today. It all started in the "mid–eighteenth century, when New Orleans, ... Show
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A third backbone was just passed in "2010 called Obamacare, or Patient Protection and Affordable
Care Act" (2015). The Obamacare act is for residents who could not afford insurance or were
rejected by pre–existing conditions. Under the Obamacare act "11 million Americans were insured.
With every system there are always pro and cons that come with how the system works and who is
affected or helps the most. According to the article by Athar, some of the pros that were discussed
about the US healthcare system were repeals individual mandate, reduces the federal deficit in the
long run, no discrimination against people with pre–existing conditions (Athar, 2017). I agree that
repeals individual mandate is a pro since it requires "all individuals to purchase health insurance"
(2017). Even is someone is the healthiest person nobody can detect when they are going to be sick
or when something tragic can happen. It allows a valuable idea to be insured. Another pro that I
agree with is no discrimination against people with pre–existing conditions. This means that nobody
can be overlooked or denied with pre–existing conditions.
Consequently, with every pro there are con's. Some con's that are stated in the article by Athar are:
Higher insurance premiums, does not provide coverage for people who need it most, lessens federal
funds for states to expand Medicaid, cuts funding for planned parenthood, and no systemic change
(Athar, 2017). One con that I

Health Insurance And The Health Care System
According to Martocchio (2014), health insurance covers the costs of a variety of services that
promote sound physical and mental health, including physical examinations, diagnostic testing,
surgery, dental treatments, and corrective prescription lenses for vision deficiencies. More than two
centuries ago, the presence of the health care system emerged when mining and railroad companies
hired doctors to provide medical services to their employees. As a result of the catastrophic World
War I, many health providers were left providing services with the prospect of not receiving
payments for the services being rendered and many Americans faced with the financial burdens of
these escalating health care costs. The essential for the development of a health care system was not
established for no apparent reason. The health care system was developed due to the staggering
number of Americans whom where unable to pay soaring medical bills.
With no government intervention, the private sector of health insurance was established as a means
for Americans to pay medical expenses. "In 1927, the American Medical Association (AMA)
formed a Committee on the Costs of Medical Care to report on options for helping Americans pay
for their medical services. The Committee concluded that private insurance was the best solution"
("HNN's History of Healthcare Reform", 2012). This empirical succession is what commenced the
evolution of health care in the United States.
For the next decade and

The U.S. health care system faces challenges that indicate that the people urgently need to be
reform. Attention has rightly focused on the approximately 46 million Americans who are
uninsured, and on the many insured Americans who face rapid increases in premiums and out–of–
pocket costs. As Congress and the Obama administration consider ways to invest new funds to
reduce the number of Americans without insurance coverage, we must simultaneously address
shortfalls in the quality and efficiency of care that lead to higher costs and to poor health outcomes.
To do otherwise casts doubt on the feasibility and sustainability of coverage expansions and also
ensures that our current health care system will continue to have large gaps even for those with
access to insurance coverage. There is broad evidence that Americans often do not get the care they
need even though the United States spends more money per person on health care than any other
nation in the world. Preventive care is underutilized, resulting in higher spending on complex,
advanced diseases. Patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes
all too often do not receive proven and effective treatments such as drug therapies or self
management services to help them more effectively manage their conditions. This is true for
insured, uninsured, and under–insured Americans. These problems are exacerbated by a lack of
coordination of care for patients with chronic diseases. The underlying

Canada's Health Care System
Health care environment
Central structural differences
The United States and Canada had similar health care system before Canada changed its system in
the 1960s but now have a different mix of funding mechanisms. The basic difference between the
two is in health insurance. Most assume Canada's system as socialized medicine which is not
correct. Canada has a universal single–payer health care system which covers about 70% of health
care costs. 75% of Canadian health care services are delivered privately, but are funded publicly.
The Canada Health Act provides financial disincentives for using private insurance for publicly
insured services and requires all insured people to be fully insured without copayments for all
necessary hospital and physician ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In spite of this, the studies show that the health outcome is superior in Canada as compared to the
United States. WHO's ratings on overall health service ranks Canada 30th and the USA 37th among
191 nations. Life–expectancy and infant mortality are considered most reliable ways to compare
health care. Statistics show higher life expectancy and lower infant mortality rate in Canada than in
the United States. Different racial makeup, obesity, alcohol and smoking rates can be the cause that
US has shorter life expectancy and higher infant mortality rate. Canada has half the obesity rate as
compared to the US. On an average, obesity can decrease life expectancy by almost 7 years. Other
things to consider is the fact that the death of an American newborn in Canada is not accounted for
in Canada but successful delivery of a Canadian newborn in the US is accounted for in Canada.
Americans have exceptionally high death rates deaths in conditions like coronary heart disease,
dementia, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease as compared to

Australian Health Care System
Introduction
The Sweden health care system and that of the Australian's health care system are two different but
fairly similar systems, and roughly operate in two different ways amongst its similarity that will be
introduced to u below.
Australia's health care system
Australia has one of the most well–known and recognizable health care systems in the world
recognized as universal health care. They rank at thirty two amongst chili at thirty three and Finland
at thirty one, this is out of one hundred and ninety one countries. (thepatientfactor.com, 2015)
There are multiple sections of the Australian health care system that contribute to making the health
care system 31st in the world, this being said there are two major contributors that ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Then we have the regional level of care which its major responsibility is that of financing and
actually providing health care to country councils. Every four years a representative selected by the
people of the public regarding the country councils, then the country council displays and takes
action into place where they believe to be improvement or change in hospital structure and
management whilst at the same time ensuring good quality health care delivery. Country councils as
contribute in the action of regulating prices as well as the service are covered by private companies,
to ensure no disagreements regarding the regulation private companies are obliged to enter into a
form of contract. Patients or clients of private provided are not allowed to receive a type of rebate or
refund if the private company has not entered into a form of contract with the country councils. The
overall aim and commitment of the country councils must under the regional level of care is to
ensure absolute and aim to provide the up most service to individuals of Sweden with the highest
quality of health care in all aspects and aim for enhancing health care promotion and awareness for
residents. Then we have the local level, which is

Introduction
"Medicare is a Canadian success story. Not perfect, but good enough to be envied by much of the
world." – H.L. Mencken
The birth of Medicare was in Saskatchewan on July 1, 1962. Medicare was the first government
controlled, comprehensive, universal single payer medical insurance plan in Canada. Many
insurance industries and all the medical institutions were against the idea of having Medicare. They
feared that Medicare will become popular and will spread across the globe. Once the plan was
successful all of Canada was protected by a medical insurance system that was based on the
Saskatchewan plan and no politician would be allowed to openly oppose it. In addition, the
Canadian health care system is a group of socialized health insurance plan that covers the medical
costs of all Canadian citizens. The Canadian health care system is publicly subsidized and overseen
on a Provincial and or territorial basis, within guidelines set by the Federal government. Canadian
citizens are protected under the health care system, for their medical treatments from primary care
physicians, access to hospitals, and additional medical services. Every Canadian citizen qualifies for
health care coverage regardless of their income, lifestyle, and medical history. Although Canadians
are protected for a portion of their health care there are still many services that are not protected
under the health care system, such as dental services, prescription medication, and optometrists.

The Health Care Delivery System
As with many aspects of the health care delivery system, there is a value gap with meetings. One in
which we need to mind the gap as a first step in making substantial improvements in quality, cost,
and utilization . "Boring" and "wasteful" are by no means descriptors that are idiosyncratic to health
care, nor to meetings in the United States. Rather I have found the malady to be epidemic and
universal. Please consider (and enjoy) this case vignette from the financial services sector in the
United Kingdom. In the late 1990s in Leeds, Yorkshire, the business culture at Barclays Home
Finance (the mortgage and home finance product business for the Barclays PLC group) was very
open, inclusive, and consultative. This resulted in a very conversation and meetings–oriented
management style. One physical manifestation of this culture was the lack of private offices – all
managers and directors sat with their teams on banks of open plan desking – which contributed to
creating pressure on meeting space. Conference rooms were created to go some way in meeting this
demand and, in keeping with the culture, the conference rooms were named by popular vote with
names that gave an indication of where they might be found. Rocks were in the basement, trees on
the ground (first floor in USA parlance) and birds on the first (second) floor. The folks at Barclays
realized they might have overdone the meetings volume when the most popular name for the newest
meeting room on the ground

The Global Health Care System
There are many nonprofit, government groups that assist with or focus on international issues and
raise awareness for international countries that may need assistance, the most common assistance
today is health issues. Services that nonprofit, government groups assist with can range from
supplying water, food, vaccines, clothing, etc. All of this would include the undertaking of their
health and assisting with health issues that may arise from not having enough of these items or
supplements to live or lead a healthy lifestyle. Many of these organizations are non–profit
organizations and only can survive to provide aide and services to the poverty level through
charitable contributions. The issue today with the global health care system is that the poverty level
is so high in many underdeveloped countries that only so much aide can be provided or depending
on where aide does need to be provided the resources are simply not available and resources are
very limited in order to make any improvement, water contamination is a major issue for many
underdeveloped countries and the spread of diseases at times can be very rapid. So speaking of
organizations that provide health care aide within the global health system can range from various
types and what their mission, vision and ultimate goal is in the end. The following are nonprofit
organizational groups that focus on International Countries to provide aide in some sorts: AboutFace
International Aficare American Federation

A Perfect Health Care System
I feel as if we will never have a perfect health care system in place. No matter what we try,
something will always need tweaked. We need to find a way that makes health care more affordable
for everyone. With Obama care we had an option for everyone to get health insurance. Now what
the government is trying to pass through will cause million of people to lose their health care. Also,
Medicaid is going to be reduced by millions. So many poor, disabled, and old people will lose their
insurance making it hard for them to get the help they need. Politicians make us think there is just a
simple fix to our health care system, but it's much more complex then that. I don't believe there is
just one simple fix to our health care. It will take time

Health Care System
Health Care System Health Services Organization Health Care System In this paper there will be a
brief discussion of three forces that have affected the development of the U.S healthcare system. It
will observe whether or not these forces will continue to have an effect on the U.S healthcare system
over the next decade. This paper will also include an additional force, which may be lead to believe
to have an impact on the health care system of the nation. And lastly this paper will evaluate the
importance of technology in healthcare. There are three major forces that have affected the
development of the health care system within the U.S. and these forces include social, political and
economic. The first force is defined as a social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Examples of this would be not having access to a vehicle or public transportation if the nearest
hospital is located farther away from the home, no cellular device to remind them of important
appointment dates and other find it very difficult to wait in long lines to receive services that are
offered to them. An additional force that could have an effect on the health care system of the nation
would be the Obama care. This is a Universal health care reform that would benefit everyone across
the nation, including those with pre–existing conditions and those that have difficulty obtaining the
proper medical attention that they need. I believe that with this type of health care it could save
many more lives and lessen the financial worries of families who have love ones that are in need of
a special procedure who may have to travel across that the states to have the procedure done. "A
week prior to July 3rd of 2012 "the Supreme Court decided in favor of the universal healthcare
statute that was passed under the Obama administration and upheld the individual mandate. But
surprisingly no one of the conservatives decried the decision as contributing to the downfall of
society, evidence that President Obama is a socialist, and generally anti–American. But
conservatives

Health Care System Of Nepal
Health in one of the important things of human life. Without good health people cannot able to
perform daily activates. Health plays vital role to country's economic development. If People health
is good than nation health will be good. Economic will move fast if people are healthy because
healthy people can perform task well. My research paper will research about Health care system in
Nepal. Background of Nepal Nepal is mountainous country in the World. The average life
expectancy is 67.95. Nepal has an approx. 28 million population. Also, approximately two thirds of
the health problem in Nepal are infectious disease. This infectious disease occurs high rate of illness
and death. In addition to this, there are many people are infected from HIV aids due to lack of
education and open boarder between India Nepal. The health system has been developed day by day.
There are health post in every village development committee area. Also, now a day's government
allow private sector to invest in health care system. Right now, there are so many private health
college, hospital, clinic, nursing home etc. So, we can see that health system has been developed.
Health System has been developed; the most basic unit is a Sub–Health Post or Health Post in each
Village Development Committee area. However, the expansion of the Health System has not been
matched by an expansion in the domestive resources, workers and supplies, and the available
resources are not efficiently distributed. In

U.S. Healthcare System On March 23, 2010, the President Obama signed the Patient Protection and
Affordable Care Act (PPACA) which represents the most significant regulatory that impacts the U.S.
healthcare systems. With PPACA, 32 millions of Americans are expected the coverage and
expanded access to health care and medical care. Due to the baby boomers and the downfall of the
economics, there will be millions of people are seeking for low rates medical care which will create
great impact on U.S. healthcare. According to Commonwealth Fund analysis, the U.S. healthcare
ranks last on every cost–related. Therefore, healthcare becomes the top social and economic
problem that American is dealing with. Like all other well–developed countries, there are both
private and public insurers in the U.S. health care system. 'What is unique about the U.S. healthcare
system in the world is the dominance of the private element over the public element' (Chua, 2006).
Healthcare system in the Unites States can be divided into three different groups: Medicare,
Medicaid, and Managed Care. Each plan provides different coverages for different groups of people.
Revenue Sources According to the report conducted by Smith and Madelia, 'the percentage of
American with health insurance for all or part of 2013 was 86.6 percent, and the majority of
individuals, 64.2 percent, were covered by private health insurance' (2014). The majority of people
who receive health insurance through their

Universal Health Care System
Health care is one of the most important systems in this world. With insurance you are most likely to
receie health care and have a better health status. Uninsured people are less likely to receive medical
care and more likely to have poor health status. When you dont have insurance you are most likely
to pay a lot more money for health care but if you have insurance they are most likely to cover the
whole payment or most of the bill. A universal health care system would bring costs down and
increase access to care.
In 2005, 45 milion Americans lacked insurance which is over 15% of the population. America needs
to get a universal healthcare system because health care is a right that people deserve but too few
people have. The younger generations who are barely getting there first jobs, most of them dont
have insurance which isnt good because not all jobs have insurance benefits included and people
cant afford to get insurance, go to work, school and pay bills at there young age with their first job.
Massachussetts has the 14th lowest unemployment rate in the country "Only government can force
order into the jungle of profitable waste and crazy cross–subsidies –– most of it piled on the backs
of taxpayers and employers. America can't be modern without a system of universal coverage that
promotes wise use of health care resources"(Harrop,2012). Healthcare costs are rising faster than
inflation, salary increases cant ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We can perhaps study the ways other countries have effectively implemented this system. For
example, "Europe has a system in which all residents pay into a common fund that creates a pool of
money and provides benefits to all". In order to go through with a universal system the United States
needs to figure out a way to adopt this system that provides care to all citizens. 2 million people
become uninsured every month because they cant afford

The On The Health Care System
For my training project, I decided to train one of my co–workers. I decided to ask Danny if I could
train him because he is young like me and I know that it has been extremely beneficial to me, to be
aware about the health care system. The importance of understanding how we are insured and what
our rights are, has never been more prominent. With the introduction of the Affordable Care Act or
"Obamacare," in 2010, there were many changes to our health care system. The changes apply to
everyone and I felt that it was my duty as a Public Health student to spread what I have learned to
further engage my peers and allow them to take an active role. I gave Danny a short survey before I
trained him to understand what he was interested in and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I used this to set the base for why there has been a big push back to have a universal health care
system. I also included that there was a big influence from the American Medical Association and
the Republican party. There was also mention of how ideas of socialism and communism were very
real for the United States and any idea that stemmed from this was not accepted. I then took this
opportunity to talk abou the technological advances we have made and how that has contributed to
the rise of health care. I made a note that just because we have the best technology, we are not
showing the best health outcomes and are spending about $9,000 per person on health care yearly.
Second, I gave a detailed explanation of Medicaid and the program's role in our health care system.
This was something that my co–worker was interested because he probably qualifies for Medicare. I
decided to start by showing a video I found on YouTube that talked about Medicare and Medicaid. It
did a great job at explaining that Medicaid is a needs based program that is determined by income.
Medicaid covers the basic things that we need to keep healthy like, hospital services, doctor visits,
prescriptions and nursing home care. In order to qualify, New Jersey is using data sources like the
Social Security Administration and the Department of Homeland Security and Labor. It covers
people with incomes up to 133% of the Federal Poverty Line. It also covers

The U.S. health care system is perhaps one of the most complex and plastic industries present within
the current world economy. With a projected market sector value of $3,455.1 billion by the end of
2016 the U.S. health care providers market represents a significant portion of the economy
("Research and Markets; Healthcare Providers in the United States," 2012). For someone that finds
themselves in the position of management it is certainly an orthodox presumption that they
incorporate into their repertoire the tools necessary to survive in a constantly evolving workplace.
The purpose of this paper is to examine several emerging influences on the U.S. healthcare system
and what they mean for managers in the workplace. Specifically, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Statistically better risk–adjusted outcomes for the elderly are associated with better–performing
teams with regard to interdisciplinary health care management when considering a program. This of
course means that implementing such teams is not as much of a principle importance as making sure
those teams are performing well. This includes providing a robust program with diverse services in
place at elderly care centers to meet the many multifaceted healthcare demands of the elderly
population. While less progressive, PACE programs when compared to less restrictive designs are
associated with significantly less utilization of hospitals and emergency rooms (Mukamel et al.,
2007). Simply put, if a healthcare organization utilizes PACE as part of their healthcare management
for the elderly population they will reduce healthcare costs on their health system by reducing the
number of admissions to the emergency room and hospital respectfully. This saves money by
reducing the likelihood of null reimbursement for hospital acquired conditions in elderly patients
that may occur during their hospital stay. Recently, Medicare stopped reimbursing hospitals for
avoidable conditions that can occur while a patient is admitted to a hospital. This can include things
like foreign objects left inside patients after surgery, various infections, falls, pressure ulcers, and
traumas.

The View Of Health Care Systems
Discussion and Conclusion
My study illuminates the need to reconceptualise the notion of health care systems in Ghana. The
dual approach of conceptualizing the Ghanaian health care system ignores realities on the ground.
The dual approach as oppose to the triple–systems approach, downplays the essence of self–care as
a health care seeking option for many Ghanaians (). Findings of this study reveals a prevalence use
of self–care are health management option for most of the informants. Self–care as a treatment
option involves the use of both biomedical and indigenous medical resources. Although self–care is
mostly employed for acute health conditions, it is also employed in the management of chronic
ailment. In the latter case, the person or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dalinjong and Laar (2012), observed their study the NHIS promoted access to biomedical care
services for insured residents in their study areas. This observation is further corroborated by Tawiah
et al., (2016) who attribute improved access for insured persons to the reduced financial burden of
seeking professional biomedical care. Contrarily, such financial cushion for professional care is not
available for professional indigenous care which is increasingly becoming market–oriented or
commercialised. Invariably patrons of this form of care mainly resort to direct out–of–pocket
payments.
Findings of this study shows that the financial burden associated with seeking professional
indigenous care is a major deterrent for most informants interviewed. This finding challenges the
belief that indigenous medicine in Ghana are easily accessible and affordable (Gyasi et al. 2011; Ae–
Ngibise et al. 2010; Nsereko et al. 2011; Renckens and Dorlo 2013) compared to biomedicine. Thus,
the notion of affordability of indigenous medicine needs be critically re–examined in the context of
the level of usage and the disease or health condition under consideration. The use of the triple
health care system model as employed in this study helps different the levels of usage for
biomedical and indigenous remedies, hence distinguishing between professional and

The And Health Care System
Imagine you are a soldier named Connor who spends many years fighting to protect the lives of
Americans. When you retire from service you continue to fight, this time for your own life. When
veterans come home some of them suffer from mental illnesses, infectious diseases, or hearing loss
just to name a few. You are a veteran that suffers from an infectious disease called leishmaniasis, it
is fatal if untreated. You wait for numerous months to get care from the V.A. medical center. Once it
is time for your appointment the parasitic disease leishmaniasis has already spread through most of
the body. A few weeks later doctors declare you dead, your family is angry at the V.A. health care
system because you did not receive health care sooner. The U.S. veteran's health care system fails
veterans due to their long wait times but can be fixed by applying the triage system.
In the current system, you are given an appointment based on which patient schedules their
appointment first. Some veterans die before they even attend an appointment, causing other veterans
to wait in vain. The reason why some veterans die before their appointment is because they do not
receive care quickly. This is due to the system not taking into consideration the patient's condition
when scheduling appointments. For example, if there are two patients, one with a life threating
condition and one with a minor injury. If the patient with a minor injury schedules an appointment
first, the patient with a life

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