Robbins and Judge Emotions and Moods

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education
Organizational
Organizational
Behavior
Behavior
15th Global Edition
15th Global Edition
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods
4-1
Robbins and Judge
Chapter4

Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
After studying this chapter you should be able to:
 Differentiate emotions from moods and list the basic emotions and moods.
Differentiate emotions from moods and list the basic emotions and moods.
 Discuss whether emotions are rational and what functions they serve.
Discuss whether emotions are rational and what functions they serve.
 Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
 Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
 Describe affective events theory and identify its applications.
Describe affective events theory and identify its applications.
 Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence.
Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence.
 Be able to identify strategies for emotion regulation and their likely effects.
Be able to identify strategies for emotion regulation and their likely effects.
 Apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific OB issues.
Apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific OB issues.
4-2

Differentiate Emotions from Moods,
List the Basic Emotions and Moods
4-3
LO 1
 The “Myth of Rationality”
The “Myth of Rationality”
 Emotions were seen as irrational
Emotions were seen as irrational
 Managers worked to make emotion-free environments
Managers worked to make emotion-free environments
 View of Emotionality
View of Emotionality
 Emotions were believed to be disruptive
Emotions were believed to be disruptive
 Emotions interfered with productivity
Emotions interfered with productivity
 Only negative emotions were observed
Only negative emotions were observed
 Now we know emotions can’t be separated from the
Now we know emotions can’t be separated from the
workplace
workplace
Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?

4-4
LO 1
Insert Exhibit 4-1

4-5
LO 1
While not universally accepted, there appear
While not universally accepted, there appear
to be six basic emotions:
to be six basic emotions:
1.
1. Anger
Anger
2.
2. Fear
Fear
3.
3. Sadness
Sadness
4.
4. Happiness
Happiness
5.
5. Disgust
Disgust
6.
6. Surprise
Surprise

4-6
LO 1
May even be placed in a spectrum of
May even be placed in a spectrum of
emotion:
emotion:
Happiness Surprise Fear Sadness Anger Disgust

4-7
LO 2
Insert Exhibit 4-2
Discuss Whether Emotions Are Rational
and What Functions They Serve

4-8
LO 2
Decision-Making
Thinking Feeling

4-9
LO 3
Personality
Personality
There is a trait component – affect intensity
There is a trait component – affect intensity
Day and Time of the Week
Day and Time of the Week
There is a common pattern for all of us
There is a common pattern for all of us
Happier in the midpoint of the daily
Happier in the midpoint of the daily
awake period
awake period
Happier toward the end of the week
Happier toward the end of the week
Identify the Sources of
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods

4-10
LO 3 Identify the Sources of
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods
Insert Exhibit 4-3

4-11
LO 3 Identify the Sources of
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods
Insert Exhibit 4-4

4-12
LO 3
Weather
Weather
Illusory correlation – no effect
Illusory correlation – no effect
Stress
Stress
Even low levels of constant stress can
Even low levels of constant stress can
worsen moods
worsen moods
Social Activities
Social Activities
Physical, informal, and dining activities
Physical, informal, and dining activities
increase positive moods
increase positive moods
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods

4-13
LO 3
Sleep
Sleep
Poor sleep quality increases negative
Poor sleep quality increases negative
affect
affect
Exercise
Exercise
Does somewhat improve mood, especially
Does somewhat improve mood, especially
for depressed people
for depressed people
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods

4-14
LO 3
Age
Age
Older folks experience fewer negative
Older folks experience fewer negative
emotions
emotions
Sex
Sex
Women tend to be more emotionally
Women tend to be more emotionally
expressive, feel emotions more intensely,
expressive, feel emotions more intensely,
have longer-lasting moods, and express
have longer-lasting moods, and express
emotions more frequently than do men
emotions more frequently than do men
Due more to socialization than to biology
Due more to socialization than to biology
Emotions and Moods
Emotions and Moods

4-15
LO 4
Emotional Labor-An employee’s expression of
Emotional Labor-An employee’s expression of
organizationally desired emotions during
organizationally desired emotions during
interpersonal transactions at work.
interpersonal transactions at work.
Emotional Dissonance:
Emotional Dissonance:
Employees have to project one emotion
Employees have to project one emotion
while simultaneously feeling another
while simultaneously feeling another
Can be very damaging and lead to burnout
Can be very damaging and lead to burnout
Show the Impact Emotional Labor
Has on Employees
Has on Employees

4-16
LO 4
Types of Emotions:
Types of Emotions:
Felt: the individual’s actual emotions
Felt: the individual’s actual emotions
Displayed: required or appropriate
Displayed: required or appropriate
emotions
emotions
Surface Acting
Surface Acting: displaying appropriately
: displaying appropriately
but not feeling those emotions internally
but not feeling those emotions internally
Deep Acting
Deep Acting: changing internal feelings
: changing internal feelings
to match display rules - very stressful
to match display rules - very stressful
Has on Employees
Has on Employees

4-17
LO 5
Describe Affective Events Theory
and Identify Its Applications
Insert Exhibit 4-5

 An emotional episode is actually the result of a
An emotional episode is actually the result of a
series of emotional experiences triggered by a
series of emotional experiences triggered by a
single event
single event
 Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction
Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction
 Emotional fluctuations over time create variations in
Emotional fluctuations over time create variations in
job performance
job performance
 Emotion-driven behaviors are typically brief and
Emotion-driven behaviors are typically brief and
variable
variable
 Both negative and positive emotions can distract
Both negative and positive emotions can distract
workers and reduce job performance
workers and reduce job performance
4-18
LO 5

 Emotions provide valuable insights
Emotions provide valuable insights
about behavior
about behavior
 Emotions, and the minor events that
Emotions, and the minor events that
cause them, should not be ignored at
cause them, should not be ignored at
work; they accumulate
work; they accumulate
4-19
LO 5

Contrast the Evidence
For and Against the Existence
of Emotional Intelligence
Emotional Intelligence is a person’s ability
Emotional Intelligence is a person’s ability
to:
to:
Be self-aware
Be self-aware
Recognizing own emotions when
Recognizing own emotions when
experienced
experienced
Detect emotions in others
Detect emotions in others
Manage emotional cues and information
Manage emotional cues and information
4-20
LO 6

4-21
LO 6
Insert Exhibit 4-6

EI is controversial and not wholly accepted
EI is controversial and not wholly accepted
Case for EI:
Case for EI:
Intuitive appeal;
Intuitive appeal;
Predicts criteria that matter;
Predicts criteria that matter;
Is biologically-based.
Is biologically-based.
4-22
LO 6

EI is controversial and not wholly accepted
EI is controversial and not wholly accepted
Case against EI:
Case against EI:
Too vague a concept;
Too vague a concept;
Can’t be measured;
Can’t be measured;
Its personality by a different name.
Its personality by a different name.
4-23
LO 6

Be Able to Identify Strategies
Be Able to Identify Strategies
for Emotion Regulation
for Emotion Regulation
and Their Likely Effects
and Their Likely Effects
Emotion regulation
Emotion regulation is to identify and modify
is to identify and modify
the emotions you feel.
the emotions you feel.
Strategies to change your emotions include
Strategies to change your emotions include
thinking about more pleasant things,
thinking about more pleasant things,
suppressing negative thoughts, distracting
suppressing negative thoughts, distracting
yourself, reappraising the situation, or
yourself, reappraising the situation, or
engaging in relaxation techniques.
engaging in relaxation techniques.
4-24
LO 6

Apply Concepts About Emotions
and Moods to Specific OB Issue
Selection
Selection
EI should be a hiring factor, especially for
EI should be a hiring factor, especially for
social jobs.
social jobs.
Decision Making
Decision Making
Positive emotions can lead to better
Positive emotions can lead to better
decisions.
decisions.
Creativity
Creativity
Positive mood increases flexibility,
Positive mood increases flexibility,
openness, and creativity.
openness, and creativity.
4-25
LO 7

Motivation
Motivation
Positive mood affects expectations of
Positive mood affects expectations of
success; feedback amplifies this effect.
success; feedback amplifies this effect.
Leadership
Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of
Emotions are important to acceptance of
messages from organizational leaders.
messages from organizational leaders.
4-26
LO 7

Negotiation
Negotiation
 Emotions, skillfully displayed, can
Emotions, skillfully displayed, can
affect negotiations
affect negotiations
Customer Services
Customer Services
 Emotions affect service quality delivered to
Emotions affect service quality delivered to
customers which affects customer relationships
customers which affects customer relationships
 Emotional Contagion
Emotional Contagion: “catching” emotions
: “catching” emotions
Job Attitudes
Job Attitudes
 Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnight
Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnight
4-27
LO 7

Deviant Workplace Behaviors
Deviant Workplace Behaviors
 Negative emotions lead to
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance
employee deviance
(actions that violate norms and
(actions that violate norms and
threaten the organization)
threaten the organization)
Safety and Injury at Work
Safety and Injury at Work
 Don’t do dangerous work when in a bad mood
Don’t do dangerous work when in a bad mood
Manager’s Influence
Manager’s Influence
 Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and
Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and
praise employees increase positive moods
praise employees increase positive moods
4-28
LO 7

Managerial Implications
Managerial Implications
 Emotions and moods are a natural part of an
Emotions and moods are a natural part of an
individual’s makeup.
individual’s makeup.
 Ignoring co-workers’ and employees’ emotions and
Ignoring co-workers’ and employees’ emotions and
assessing others’ behavior as if they were
assessing others’ behavior as if they were
completely rational is wrong.
completely rational is wrong.
 “
“You can’t divorceemotions from the workplace
You can’t divorceemotions from the workplace
because you can’t divorce emotions from people.”
because you can’t divorce emotions from people.”
 Managers who understand the roles of emotions and
Managers who understand the roles of emotions and
moods will significantly improve their ability
moods will significantly improve their ability
to explain co-workers’ and employees’ behaviors.
to explain co-workers’ and employees’ behaviors. 4-29

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means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the
United States of America.
4-30

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