This document discusses biomaterials and their applications. It defines biomaterials as materials that are compatible with living tissues or interact with biological systems. Some key points made include: - Biomaterials have characteristics of being biocompatible, bioinert or biofunctional. - Common biomaterials are used in applications like dental implants, hip replacements, and intraocular lenses. - The properties of biomaterials that are important for their use in the body include mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical and surface properties.

1. Biomaterials and its
applications
Presented by:-
Mohan Agrawal
Department of Biotechnology
G.IET,Gunupur
Roll no.11Bt 002.

2.  Definition
 Characteristics of biomaterials.
 Examples of biomaterials.
 Some applications of synthetic materials and modified
natural materials in medicine.
 Materials used in body.
 Properties of biomaterials.
outline

3. Biomaterials:
 The material that are biocompatibility with the living tissues of our
body or to adjust with the tissue of biology.
 OR
 A non-viable material used in medical device, intended to interact
with biological system.
Biocompatibility:
 Physiological State of mutual co-existence between a biomaterial
and the environment such as neither has an undesirable effect on
the other.
 OR
 It also means that materials described display good or harmonious
behavior in contact with tissue & body fluid.
Definition

4. Bioinert:
 No host response to the material.
Bio functionality:
 Playing a specific function in physical and mechanical terms.

5. Characteristics of biomaterials
Physical requirements
. Hard materials.
 Flexible materials.
Chemical requirements
 Must not react with any tissue in the body.
 Must be non-toxic to the body.
 Long term replacement must not be biodegradable.

6.  Heart valve
Examples of biomaterial applications

7.  dental implants

8.  hip replacements

9.  Intra ocular lenses

10.  Artificial tissue

11.  vascular grafts

12. Organ/Tissue Examples
heart pacemaker, artificial valve, artificial heart
eye contact lens, intraocular lens
ear artificial stapes, cochlea implant
bone bone plate, intramedullary rod, joint
prosthesis, bone cement, bone defect
repair
kidney dialysis machine
bladder catheter and stent
muscle sutures, muscle stimulator
circulation artificial blood vessels
skin burn dressings, artificial skin
endocrine encapsulated pancreatic islet cells

15.  Mechanical properties
 Thermal properties
 Optical properties
 Electrical properties
 Surface properties
Properties of biomaterials

16.  Mechanical properties include those characteristics of
material that describe the behavior under the action of
external force.
 Mechanical properties can be determined by conducting
experimental test on the material specimen.
 Mechanical properties determine the behavior of
engineering Material under applied forces and loads. the
response of the material to applied forces will depends on
the type of bonding and structural arrangement of atom and
molecules.
 Force applied will lead to deformation and if continued
beyond a certain point will lead to ultimate failure
 The force ----- STRESS and
 Deformation is known as STRAIN
Mechanical properties

17.  Stress:- Force per unit area
 Units NM/Sq M or Pascal
 Strain:- Change in length per unit original length
The path to failure
Stress & Strain

18. TENSILE STRENGTH/ ULTIMATE TENSILE
STRENGTH -
The maximum stress on the curve before breakage
(N/M2)
YIELD STRESS-
Point at which elastic behaviour changes to plastic
behavior.
BREAKING STRESS
Point at which the substance fails/brakes

19.  Stress /Strain
For elastic part of curve or the slope of the elastic
part of the curve
SI unit = pascal (Pa or N/m2 or m−1·kg·s−2).
megapascals (MPa or N/mm2) or
 gigapascals (GPa or kN/mm2)
DUCTILITY/ BRITTLENESS- The amount by which a
material deforms (i.e. the strain that occurs) before it
breaks. Represented by %age elongation
or reduction in cross section.
 HARDNESS- The ability of the surface of a material to
withstand forces
Young’s modulus E

20.  The Yield Point = marks the onset of plastic deformation
 Plastic Region = Beyond the yield point, irreversible (plastic)
deformation takes place
 Various mechanical properties are:
 Elasticity
 Plasticity
 Toughness
 Tensile strength
 Yield strength
 Ductility
 Malleability
 Brittleness
 Hardness
 Fatigue
 Wear resistance

21.  By thermal properties is meant the response of a
material to the application of heat, as a solid absorb
energy in the form of heat, its temperature rises and its
dimension increases.
 The thermal properties of material are essential in order
to evaluate the thermal behavior of solid i.e. their
response to thermal changes, the lowering or rising of
temperature.
 The thermal properties are:
 heat capacity
 thermal expansion
 thermal conductivity
Thermal properties

22.  thermal stability
 specific heat
 Melting point
 thermal shock resistance
Electrical properties
 Material is then ability to permit or resist the flow of
electricity
 resistivity
 conductivity
 dielectric strength
 Thermoelectricity
 Temperature co-efficient resistance
electrical properties are:

23. The optical properties are:
 absorptivity
 color
 luminosity
 photosensitivity
 reflectivity
 refractive index
 scattering
 transmittance
 electromagnetic radiations
Optical properties