The abdominal cavity is bounded by muscles and vertebrae and divided into 9 regions by 2 vertical and 2 transverse lines. It contains the digestive organs including the alimentary canal from the mouth to anus, consisting of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine of duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and large intestine of cecum, colon and rectum. The stomach contains the fundus, body and pyloric regions while the small intestine is further divided into duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

1. Abdominal cavity
By
Prof.Dr.
Manal Elsawaf

2. Abdominal cavity
Boundaries:
Anterolaterally:
abdominal
muscles
Posteriorly:
lumbar vertebra
Inferiorly: pelvic floor
Superiorly: diaphragm

3. Regions of abdominal cavity
Nine regions:
Two vertical
lines:
Connect three
points:
•Midclavicular
•Costal
margin at 9th
cc
•midinguinal.

4. Regions of abdominal cavity
Nine regions:
Two transverse
lines:
1. Upper one is
called
transpyloric line
Cuts the 1st
lumbar vert & 9th
cc at costal
margin

5. Regions of abdominal cavity
Nine regions:
Two transverse
lines:
2. Lower one
Supracrestal line
Cuts the 4th
lumbar vert &
higher points of
the iliac crests

6. Regions of abdominal cavity
Nine regions:
1. Right
hypochondrium:
liver, kidney
2. Epigastrium: stomach,
pancreas, aorta
3. Left hypochondrium:
spleen ,kidney
1 2 3

7. Regions of abdominal cavity
Nine regions:
4.Right lumbar:
ascending colon
5. umblical:transverse
colon,
duodenum,smaal
intestine,
pancreas, aorta,
IVC
6. Left lumbar:
Descending colon
4 5 6

8. Regions of abdominal cavity
Nine regions:
7. Right iliac:
caecum
8. hypogastrium:
sigmoid colon,
rectum, urinary
bladder, internal
genital organs
9. Left iliac:
descending and
sigmoid colon
7
8
9

9. Digestive system
Alimentary canal The digestive glands

10. Alimentary canal
• A continuous tube
extending from
mouth to anus.
• Length= 9 meters

11. Alimentary canal
• Consists of:
1. Mouth cavity
2. Pharynx
3. Esophagus
4. Stomach
5. Small intestine
6. Large intestine

12. Mouth cavity
• Roof: palate
• Floor: tongue
• Sides: cheeks
• Anterior: lips

13. Mouth cavity
Mouth cavity
vestibule
Cavity proper

14. Pharynx
divisions
1
2
3
uvula
epiglottis

15. Pharynx
divisions
1.nasopharynx
2.oropharynx
3.laryngopharynx
1
2
3

16. Esophagus
• Muscular tube
(voluntary, mixed,
involuntary)
• Length= 25 cm
• Beginning: at 6th
cervical in neck
• Course: in thorax,
behind trachea, then
through diaphragm at
10th
thoracic
• End: in stomach by
cardiac opening

17. stomach
• Dilated portion
• Below the
diaphragm
• In: epigastrium,
umblical & left
hypochondric
regions

18. Stomach
• Two openings
(cardiac, pyloric)
• Two curvatures
(lesser, greater)
• Two surfaces
(anterior , posterior)
• Three regions

19. Stomach
regions
• 1. fundus
• 2. body
• 3. pyloric region
(antrum & canal)

20. Small intestine
• Long coiled tube
• Length =7 metres

21. Small intestine
• Beginning:
pyloric end of
stomach
• End: ileocaecal
valve in caecum
• Divided into:
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. ileum

22. duodenum
• Proximal fixed part
of intestine
• Length =25 cm
• C shaped
embracing
pancreas
• Receives: common
bile duct &
pancreatic duct

23. Jejunum & ileum
• Distal free part of
small intestine
• Attached to post wall
by mesentry
1. Jejunum: thicker
upper 2/5
2. Ileum: narrower
lower 3/5

24. LARGE INTESTINE ANATOMY
• The large intestine
extends from the
caecum in Rt iliac
fossa to the anus. it
is 1.5m long.

25. LARGE INTESTINE ANATOMY
• The large
intestine
exhibits the
teniae coli (3
muscle bands)
and
sacculations

26. Large intestine parts
1. Caecum (6 cm) &
vermiform appendix
2. Ascending colon (15
cm)
3. Right colic
( hepatic)flexure
4. Transverse colon (50
cm)
5. Left colic (splenic )
flexure
6. Descending colon (25
cm)
7. Pelvic (sigmoid ) colon
(40 cm)
8. Rectum (12 cm) and
anal canal