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Chapter 9.ppt
- 1. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Chapter 9 Nail Structure and Growth
- 2. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.” – Aristotle
- 3. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Objectives • Describe the structure and composition of nails. • Discuss how nails grow.
- 4. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. The Nail • An appendage of the skin; the horny, translucent, protective plate that protects the tips of the fingers and toes. It is part of the integumentary system. • Onyx –the technical term for nail
- 5. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Composition • Keratin • Nail porosity – 15 to 25 percent water. – Water affects flexibility. – Oil-based conditioner reduces water loss. • Healthy nail
- 6. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Anatomy: Major Parts • Nail plate (nail body) • Free edge • Nail bed • Matrix bed (nail root) • Lunula • Cuticle • Eponychium • Hyponychium • Specialized ligaments • Nail folds
- 7. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Plate • The most visible and functional part of the nail unit • Rests on/slides across nail bed • Formed by matrix cells • Constructed in layers • Free edge extends over tips of finger or toe
- 8. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Bed • Skin supporting nail plate as it grows toward free edge • Extends from lunula to just before free edge • Attached to nail plate • Supplied with many nerves
- 9. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Structure
- 10. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Matrix Bed • Where nail is formed • Composed of matrix cells that produce nail plate • Contains nerves, lymph, blood vessels to nourish nails • Extends from under nail fold at base of nail plate • Injury to matrix or poor health affects nail growth
- 11. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Lunula • Visible part of matrix • Whitish, half-moon shape at base of nail • Color caused by reflection of light off matrix surface. • Some are hidden under eponychium.
- 12. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Cuticle • Dead, colorless tissue attached to nail plate from underside of skin that lies above natural nail plate • Loose and flexible; difficult to remove from nail plate • Seals area against foreign material and microorganisms • Helps prevent injury and infection
- 13. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Eponychium • The living skin at base of nail plate covering matrix • Cannot be trimmed or cut by nail technician
- 14. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Hyponychium • The slightly thickened skin that lies between the fingertip and the free edge • Protective barrier that seals the free edge, preventing external moisture, bacteria, or fungi from getting under the nail
- 15. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Specialized Ligaments • Tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect bones or hold an organ in place • Attach the nail bed and matrix bed to underlying bone • Located at base of matrix and around edges of nail bed
- 16. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Folds • Folds of normal skin surrounding nail plate • Form nail grooves on which the nail moves as it grows
- 17. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Growth Process • Growth is affected by nutrition, general health, and exercise. • Nails grow forward, starting at matrix and extending over fingertip. • Nails grow in a variety of shapes. • Average growth is 1/10 of an inch per month. • Growth is faster in summer than winter. • Children’s nails grow faster than adults’ nails.
- 18. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. • Middle fingernail grows fastest. • Thumbnail grows slowest. • Toenails grow slower than fingernails. • Nails are not shed automatically like hair is. Nail Growth Process (continued)
- 19. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Nail Malformation • Disease, injury, or infection can affect the formation of nails. If the matrix remains in good condition, a normal fingernail will be replaced in 4 to 6 months, a toenail in 9 to 12 months.
- 20. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Summary and Review • What is the technical term for the nail? • What protein is in the nail plate? • Describe the appearance of a normal, healthy nail. • Name the basic parts of the nail unit. • Explain the difference between the nail plate and the nail bed.
- 21. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. • What part of the nail unit contains the nerves, lymph, and blood vessels? • What is the difference between the cuticle and the eponychium? • Why are cosmetologists not allowed to cut the skin around the base of the nail plate? • What three things can affect the growth of the nail plate? Summary and Review (continued)
- 22. © Copyright 2012 Milady, a part of Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied, or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. Congratulations! You have completed one unit of study toward course completion.
Editor's Notes
- LEARNING MOTIVATION (WHY?) When most people think of nail services, they immediately envision pleasurable manicures, pedicures, and nail enhancements that produce strong, gorgeous nails. While your goal for nail school should be to learn how to expertly groom, strengthen, and beautify the nails, it is equally important to understand their physiology. The natural nail is the hard protective plate and is located at the end of the finger or toe. It is an appendage of the skin and is part of the integumentary system. The nail plates protect the tips of the fingers and toes, and their appearance can reflect the general health of the body. To provide professional services and care for your clients, you must educate yourself about the natural nail’s structure and growth.
- COMPOSITION KERATIN: A protein that forms the base of all horny tissue; the same protein found in skin and hair. NAIL POROSITY: Water can pass through the nail more easily than through normal skin. Water content of the nail is related to the humidity of the environment. A nail has 15 to 25 percent water content. Water content affects nail’s flexibility. The less water content, the more brittle the nail. Oil-based conditioner reduces the loss of water in the nail as does the use of nail polish. HEALTHY NAIL: Whitish and translucent in appearance, with the pinkish color of the nail bed showing through.
- SUMMARY AND REVIEW Well-manicured nails, whether natural or artificially applied, have always been recognized as an indication of good grooming. It is important to also remember that nails originate in the epidermal layer of the skin and, like hair, their condition is dependent upon the individual’s overall health. Nails contain the chemical substance called keratin, and can be cut without pain. You cannot apply any topical product that will cause nails to grow, but a balanced diet filled with the daily required vitamins and nutrients will help produce healthy, disorder-free nails. Remember that your creativity in providing quality nail services must be grounded in a thorough knowledge and awareness of the structure and physiology of the nails. 1. What is the technical term for the nail? Answer: The technical term for the nail is onyx. 2. What protein is in the nail plate? Answer: The nail is comprised mainly of keratin, the same fiber protein found in skin and hair. 3. Describe the appearance of a normal, healthy nail. Answer: A normal, healthy nail is firm and flexible, shiny, and slightly pink in color. Its surface is smooth and unspotted, with no hollows or wavy ridges. 4. Name the basic parts of the nail unit. Answer: The basic parts of the nail unit are the nail bed, matrix, nail plate, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail folds. 5. Explain the difference between the nail plate and the nail bed. Answer: The nail plate is the most visible and functional part of the nail unit. It is the hardened keratin plate that sits on and slowly slides across the nail bed while it grows. The nail plate is formed by matrix cells. The nail bed is the portion of living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge.
- 6. What part of the nail unit contains the nerves, lymph, and blood vessels? Answer: The matrix contains nerves, lymph, and blood vessels to nourish the matrix cells. 7. What is the difference between the cuticle and the eponychium? Answer: The cuticle is the dead, colorless tissue attached to the nail plate. The eponychium is the living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area. 8. Why are cosmetologists not allowed to cut the skin around the base of the nail plate? Answer: The eponychium is the living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area. Clients cannot give cosmetologists permission to perform any medical procedures, such as cutting living skin. Cosmetologists are only permitted to gently push back the eponychium. 9. What three things can affect the growth of the nail plate? Answer: The growth of the nail plate is affected by nutrition, exercise, and a person’s general health.