1. Research is defined as the creation of new knowledge and/or the use of existing knowledge in a new
and creative way so as to generate new concepts, methodologies and understandings. This could
include synthesis and analysis of previous research to the extent that it leads to new and creative
outcomes.
This definition of research is consistent with a broad notion of research and experimental
development (R&D) as comprising of creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to
increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of humanity, culture and society, and the use
of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
This definition of research encompasses pure and strategic basic research, applied research and
experimental development. Applied research is original investigation undertaken to acquire new
knowledge but directed towards a specific, practical aim or objective (including a client-driven
purpose).
Activities that support the conduct of research and therefore meet the definition of research include:
⎯ professional, technical, administrative or clerical support staff directly engaged in activities
essential to the conduct of research
⎯ management of staff who are either directly engaged in the conduct of research or are providing
professional, technical, administrative or clerical support or assistance to those staff
⎯ the activities and training of HDR students enrolled at the HEP
⎯ the development of HDR training and courses
⎯ the supervision of students enrolled at the HEP and undertaking HDR training and courses
⎯ research and experimental development into applications software, new programming
languages and new operating systems (such R&D would normally meet the definition of
research)
Educational research is the basic applied and developmental research conducted in order to advance
knowledge in the field of education or bearing on educational problems. It is meant to improve education
and advance the knowledge of students of all ages.
Reference:
www.education.com
Educational research is defined as a variety of methods through which individuals evaluate different
aspects of education including but not limited to, student learning, teaching methods, teacher training
and classroom dynamics.
Writing the Introduction
In the introduction you will need to do the following things:
present relevant background or contextual material
define terms or concepts when necessary
explain the focus of the paper and your specific purpose
reveal your plan of organization
source: THE WRITER'S HANDBOOK
WRITING A RESEARCH P APER
Writing an Introduction
Tip Sheet 17
Ask these questions:
2. What is it?
An introduction is the first paragraph of a written research paper, or the first thing you say
in an oral presentation, or the first thing people see, hear, or experience about your
project.
It has two parts:
1. A general introduction to the topic you will be discussing
2. Your Thesis Statement
Why do it?
Without an introduction it is sometimes very difficult for your audience to figure out what
you are trying to say. There needs to be a thread of an idea that they will follow through
your paper or presentation. The introduction gives the reader the beginning of the piece of
thread so they can follow it.
When do I do it?
Many books recommend writing your introduction last, after you finish your project. This is
to make sure that you introduce what you are actually going to say.
If your project changes in the creating process, it is important to make sure that your
introduction accurately reflects what you will be saying. If, however, you have written a
good outline and stick to it, then it is fine to start writing your introduction first. Just make
sure in your proofreading that you have kept the thread consistent throughout the paper.
How do I do it?
Start with a couple of sentences that introduce your topic to your reader. You do not have
to give too much detailed information; save that for the body of your paper. Make these
sentences as interesting as you can. Through them, you can hook a reader and get them
very interested in the line of thinking you are going to develop in your project.
Then state your thesis, which may be done in one or more sentences. The length of your
introduction depends on the length and complexity of your project, but generally it should
not exceed one page unless it is a very long project or a book. The average length of an
introduction is one half a page.
Journalism is a form of writing that tells people about things that really happened, but that they might not
have known about already.
People who write journalism are called "journalists." They might work at newspapers, magazines,
websites or for TV or radio stations.
3. The most important characteristic shared by good journalists is curiosity. Good journalists love to read
and want to find out as much as they can about the world around them.
By Robert Niles
What the dictionary says?
Merriam-Webster online dictionary defines journalism as:
1. a: the collection and editing of news for presentation through the media b: the public press c: an academic study
concerned with the collection and editing of news or the management of a news medium.
2. a: writing designed for publication in a newspaper or magazine b: writing characterized by a direct presentation
of facts or description of events without an attempt at interpretation c: writing designed to appeal to current popular
taste or public interest.
A few things I find interesting and actually odd in the dictionary definition:
The first definition relies on journalism’s role aggregating (collecting) and disseminating (spreading around)
of news. (I find that interesting because those two roles are so intrinsic to the online role of journalism.)
The second definition notes that journalism is related to newspapers and magazines, but doesn’t mention TV
or radio or the Web. (Interesting. But to me, the message is journalism, not the medium.)
None of the definitions say anything about journalism being a profession or involving media organization or
special training or education.
The second definition notes that interpretation isn’t part of journalism. ( I find that odd because even oldschool journalism contains much interpretation, analysis, making sense of things — or it should.)
JOURNALISM is the practice of investigating and reporting events, issues and trends to the mass
audiences of print, broadcast and online media such as newspapers, magazines and books, radio and
television stations and networks, and blogs and social and mobile media.
The product generated by such activity is called journalism.
People who gather and package news and information for mass dissemination are journalists.
The field includes writing, editing, design and photography.
With the idea in mind of informing the citizenry, journalists cover individuals, organizations, institutions,
governments and businesses as well as cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment. News
media are the main purveyors of information and opinion about public affairs.
http://www.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/Courses/ResourcesForCourses/Journalism/JournalismWhat
IsIt.html
Traditional curriculum- a linear approach to curriculum design in which the teacher talks and the student listens. This
approach is heavily content driven, presenting the facts and expecting students to retain the info.
4. Progressive curriculum- a non-linear approach to curriculum in which the instructor may incorporate group activities,
cooperative learning, manipulatives, technology etc. in order to enhance the educational experience.
I learned that there are different definitions of curriculum but according to what I learned. I could come up
with two points, the traditional and the progressive. Traditional point of view is just merely saying on the
body of subjects or subject matter prepared by the teachers for the learners. According to the Robert
Hutchins, curriculum is like “permanent studies” It meant more on the important subjects that learners
should study like English, Math, and Science. On the other hand, progressive point of view opposed the
beliefs of the traditional. It adhered to latest definition which is the totality learning experiences of the
learners. According to Campbell and Caswell, “all the experiences children have under the guidance of
the teacher.
I have learned that the traditional point of view is only talking on the listing of subjects. It is more
concerned with the intellectual trainings for the learners like what I aforementioned. It agrees also with the
philosophy of teaching which is essentialism that talks on the 3r’s ( reading, writing, and arithmetic). It can
be identified as teacher-centered. Teachers are in authority of the learning process. While progressivism
talks about the actualization all the written materials. It adheres also with beliefs of John B. Dewey;
teaching should be done with the principle of doing by learning. This activity would help the learners
emphasized the meaningful one. It is advisable also to do some reflective thinking about the activities
done. According to Smith, et.al, curriculum as sequence of potential experiences set up in the schools for
the purpose of disciplining children and youth in group ways of thinking and acting.”
As a teacher, we can choose what kind of teacher we want to be. We cannot say that two points of view
are not good whether old or new. Old one has been tested for many years so we can say traditional one
is also good while new one can be said as adhering to the change. So, I can combine these two points of
view by choosing what is the best for my learners.
A traditional curriculum uses older methods like lecturing in a classroom. Progressive programs
experiment with newer methods like online learning.
A traditional curriculum is a curriculum stay at traditional method of teaching. The techniquesof
teaching are not changing. It concentrated a learning of the learners by old and commonlystrategies
of teaching. The facilities are good for the learners to have learning at all.A progressive curriculum
is a curriculum improving in teaching process. It develops the teachersto have new strategies
developing students learning. Provides facilities can be useful in theteaching. Lead the students to
be prepared to all aspects of leanings method. Its use sometechnology to be use in leanings and
teaching process. It concentrated in the development of the school and students learning.The
similarities between traditional and progressive curriculum is both concentrating thestudents
learning through the teachers capability. Itprovided all method and strategies for
thedevelopment of the learners.After the interview to the teacher facilitate to us. I observed that
as the future teacher we mustdevelop the teaching process that can be applied. Learning for the
new strategies and theeasiest delivery of the lesson I discuss.The schools have different
curriculum its depend upon status of the school. The school is highlyr commended of the head of
e
the school to be same. As future teacher we also see the thingsthat we consider to prepare the
school curriculum. Providing all need of school with differentprograms for development of the
school. As future teacher I also look the development of theschool in line of researching and
studying all aspects of developing. Study all history orbackground of the admirable school that
already developed in terms of teaching method orstrategies and there facilities.1.
The income of the school.2.
5. The status of the school.3.
The capability of the teachers to teach.4.
The number of the students enrolled.5.
The location of the school.1.
It provided understanding for the situation of the school and the students if they areimproving in
terms of learning. To see the different effectiveness and similarities of twocurriculum that
concentrating to the development of the school. To differentiateschools and evaluate which is
applicable to the effective learning teaching process.2.
The different educational philosophies related to the curriculum in the school becausethey really
explain the situation of the traditional and progressive curriculum of theschool. They also
differentiate the school where the traditional and progressivecurriculum founded and
applied curriculum.3.
It because the educations are improving and the students needs improvement. It alsolooking for the
easiest teaching method and to have more references in particularschool. To have more interest of
the student to learning. The revises of the curriculum isdepending also the status of the students
as of now. There is a changes time to time tolet learners to improve.As a observed every curriculum
needs revises if there is improvement at all. If the curriculum isneeds improvements the changes is
applicable. If you know what the new strategies andfacilities to learn we can change our self
to learn not also at school curriculum. Adjustment of the teachers style of teaching is also a
change to let the student learn and apply a newcurriculum to let himself to learn also
