Coral Reef Papers

Coral Reef Papers
The coral reef is in the shallow part of the ocean it is usually clear and the warmth is about medium.
The warmth in the coral reefs stays between 75 degrees to 85 degrees. The coral reefs is located
around the indo pacific region Austria American and African west coast. The coral reef biome is
over 1,200 miles. The plants that there is algae and sea grass and also mangroves mantes forage on
the sea grasses. Also, there is sea stars and cuttle fish clown fish sea snakes and sharks. The clown
fish niche is the clown fish protects the anemore from the butter fly fish. The clown fish will feed on
and dead left–over fish the clownfish especially likes to feed on the anemone which it lives. The
predators of the clownfish are sharks the sharks will ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
the coral reef needs sunlight to grow and also it doesn't grow more than 45 feet deep. the coral reef
helps with the carbon monoxide and also it helps with the oxygen and the American bird also to feed
in it. When the coral grows it grows a protective shell and it ti splits the waves so it doesn't come
onto the shore and hit onto the shore full force. the stuff the collects onto the bottom of the ocean
over the time forms into the rocks. The reef of the biome is the shallowest level of the reef and the
narrowest of it. the foremost is the outer layer is close to the sea. This zone consists of the hardest
layer of the coral. The corals are a members of the phylum Cnidaria. the coral reef is the most
diverse in the marine ecosystem. coral reefs are really important to people because the value in
America has got to about 30 billion dollars it provides us food and shelter for the aquarium the
sexual reproduction the eggs are fertilized by sperm from another colony. There is 2 types of sexual
reproduction a sexual and sexual the larva sets in a few days it becomes pulp. the coral reef grows at
about 5 inches per year and 6 inches is the largest one that has ever came. The reef is the underwater
big
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Coral Reefs : The Ecosystem
Coral reefs are an essential component to the ecosystems in Hawaii. Coral reefs are comprised of
numerous Cnidarian species that grow sympatrically to form structured colonies. Coral reef colonies
support a wide range of marine wildlife. The marine animals utilize coral reefs as their habitat, as a
source of food, and as a catalyst for community interactions.
Coral reef communities that are well established are known to be highly biodiverse. Coral reefs are
known as the tropical rainforests of the sea. Keystone species of multi–taxa, such as:
Echinodermata, Porifera, Chordata, and Arthropoda, all contribute to the complex ecosystem by
occupying distinct ecological niches (Jimenez 2012). If the integrity of the coral reef structures is
compromised, it impacts the entire ecosystem, and denizens in the community will suffer.
Coral reefs preserve coastline communities. Surrounding reefs are physical barriers that decrease
erosive wave action. These coral reef structures provide a buffer from ocean swells, currents and
seas storms, protecting beaches from erosion and property from damage.
Coral reefs are not only important for the environment but also beneficial for humans. Reefs provide
fish to catch, economic financial gain from tourism and contain medicinal potential (Donner 2007).
Fishermen are reliant on coral reef ecosystems, supplying them with an abundance of seafood to
market or consume. The economy profits from the revenue generated by the attraction of tourism to
the

Coral Reef Outline
I. Coral Reefs are made up of tiny corals. When a coral dies it leaves its skeleton behind. When
other corals see the skeleton they stack up their skeleton. Eventually, there will be a growing reef.
Coral reefs have been forming around the world for 500 million years and are sadly starting to die
due to pollution.
II. Coral reefs have many reasons why they are good in your area. A. Coral Reefs provide habitats
for large amounts of fish. B. Coral Reefs provide 30 billion dollars' worth of goods and services. C.
Coral Reefs protect coastlines from powerful waves, flooding, and coastal eroding 1. In some
regions of the world, people depend on the reefs for protection and food 2. A well managed square
kilometer of coral reef could yield ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coral polyps are primarily responsible for reef–building B. Not every coral is able to make reefs.
Although they do leave their skeletons behind C. Most stony corals have very small polyps,
averaging 1 to 3mm. 1. They can form huge reefs if there is enough of them 2. they don't have a
sufficient amount to create a reef 3.stony corals in colonies can grow huge and weigh tons
IV. There are very cool and weird characteristics about corals A. Deep–sea corals occur in deeper
organic water B. Corals provide algae with a protected environment C. The algae produce oxygen
for the corals 1. Deep–sea corals occur eat plankton and organic matter 2. Corals give the algae the
compounds they need to photosynthesize 6
V. There are many benefits of the coral population A. Coral Reefs provide a lot of food for the
animals and humans B. Coral reefs provide jobs for people. C. Coral Reefs protect the coastline
from storms 1. Some jobs are security and guiding people around the reefs
VI. Pollution is starting to kill most of the reefs around the world A. There is enough plastic in the
reefs to go to the moon and halfway back. B. The pollution might grow by 40% in the next seven

Artificial Reef Paper
The goals of this paper were to bring to light the results of the way divers felt after exploring
artificial reefs. And how they would perceive new projects of reef building in the Red Sea in Eilat
Israel. Coral deaths and bleaching are caused mostly by people who just wish to admire the reefs in
their natural state. With no destructive intentions. The outcome of the study shows us that the
artificial reefs were well looked upon by the divers due to experience they had while diving on the
artificial compared to the natural reefs around them. The article tell us what it is about the artificial
reefs that attract divers, the promising marketing potential artificial reefs present by creating mass
marine ecotourism and soft ecotourism at dive sites, and the ... Show more content on
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But then goes on to explain how any disaster could be avoided by "zoning", which is the method of
allowing people to experience only a slice of what a reef has to offer rather than letting the
ecotourists roam free while heightening the possibility of coral damage that could be irreversible.
An apparent solution to the fight between the economic battle and the ecological threats is building
artificial reefs right next to natural reefs to divert divers away from the natural ones. Artificial reefs
made up of large vehicles underwater is sure to draw attention and damage away from the natural
reef. This has extreme benefits to ocean conservation and ecotourism.
The methods used in Eilat, Israel were to provide a more diverse diving experience and redirect
divers away from the fragile natural corals. Over the years that artificial reefs have been established
along the coast of Eilat, some for divers entertainment and some for research, It attracts more
European tourists and they by extension learn about how their activity could be detrimental to the
natural corals while they enjoy an artificial

Coral Reef Essay
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems that are held together by calcium carbonate structures
secreted by corals. Reefs are built by colonies of different species that are found in marine water.
Reefs are home to a variety of creatures such as fish, urchins, sponges, sharks, turtles, jelly fish, and
thousands of other species and plants. Coral reefs are the most diverse of all marine eco systems and
often called the rainforest of the sea. The total area of the world's coral reefs amount to less then one
quarter of 1% of the entire marine environment. Which is crazy because coral reefs are home to 25%
of all marine life on the planet. Coral reefs have survived tens of thousands of years of natural
change, but major threats from mankind, pollution, and climate change have caused this under water
eco system to have serious threats in the future. Coral reefs are dying around the world. Already
human activity and climate change have destroyed a quarter of the world's coral reefs. The rest of
the remaining coral reefs are in great danger. While these beautiful and colorful underwater habitats
flourish all around the world, there are many factors that can affect coral reefs and cause devastating
outcomes to marine life. Climate change, pollution, over fishing, and disease outbreaks each play a
significant role to negative and damaging effects of coral reefs. It is important to be more involved
with this environmental issue to help take the right steps to saving the

The Destruction Of Coral Reefs
Few places are as teaming with life as coral reefs. However, this is all soon to change due to human
negligence. Human activity and stupidity is leading to the destruction of the vast majority of coral
reefs and is expected to continue to do so until coral reefs, as well as the species that reside in and
around them, are a thing of the past.
Coral reefs are extremely biologically and environmentally important (7). Not only are they home to
over a million species of fish, invertebrates, and algae currently occupying coral reefs but there
could be hundreds of thousands more species yet to be discovered (8). These reef dwelling species
are food to over a billion people around the globe. Coral is also used as a building material and is a
major tourist attraction, aiding the economies of communities bordering their coasts.
Humans are actively destroying reefs through processes such as destructive fishing, overfishing,
careless tourism, pollution, sedimentation, coral mining, coral bleaching, and global warming.
Destructive fishing destroys coral reefs and hinders their future production of fish and marine life. It
includes poison and explosive fishing. Poison fishing uses chemicals such as cyanide and is used
popularly by aquariums and traders to collect fish without killing them and is very popular in the
Philippines, Indonesia, and the islands of Micronesia. The fish are stunned by the chemicals and
therefore are easier to capture. This method poisons far more than the target

The Destruction Of Coral Reefs
Todays coral reefs are easily overlooked going unnoticed by many of people around the world .What
many of people fail to relize though is how much of an important role they play in todays society.
For centuries are oceans have adapted to climate change along with the many organisms that inhabit
them. But with in the last century our oceans have experienced climate change on scale like no
other. With the oceans temperature and pollution levels rising the National oceanic atmospheric
association (NOAA)predicted that by the year 2050 nearly 90% of earths coral reefs will be dead
and dying . In a recent news article called Intervention the author stated that "Scientist are now
scrambling to ensure that at least a fraction of these unique ecosystem survives beyond the next
three decades. The health of the planet depends on it: Coral reefs support a quarter of all marine
species, as well as half a billion people around the world. " The National Oceanic Atmospheric
Association published an article this year stating that "The value of coral reefs has been estimated at
30 billion U.S. dollars and perhaps as much as 17 billion U.S. dollars each year". So with the the
coral reefs on a steady decline its not only about preserving the natural habitat ,but also preserving
one of economies main sources of income .Through out the centuries coral reefs have adapted to the
conditions that they live in today . Coral bleaching is what scientist are calling the destructions of
reefs and

Benefits of Artificial Reefs Essay
Thesis: When an artificial reef is made many just see trash going into the sea, however there are
positive benefits that come from the making of the reef.
Perhaps the most obvious benefit of an artificial reef is the creation of a new community for aquatic
creatures to live. It is like a developer going out to sea and making a new subdivision out there for
fish. This creation of an artificial reef is the most natural way to protect the marine habitat, by
providing shelter, a source of food, and an area for mating and reproduction for a numerous amount
of creatures. The reason this is so important is because a given area of water can only support so
many marine creatures, none of these creatures can live in mid–water where there is ... Show more
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The majority of this revenue is created by the tourism that these reefs create. If you don't know
much about diving here is a figure that will help you, a large percentage of all the tourism industries
revenue is from these people diving. When these sites are created this is exactly what they have in
mind, attracting thousands of divers to these easily accessible sites. These divers come to see these
reefs because the sites are known locations and the organisms growing on and the ecosystem around
it is a beautiful site that is a joy to partake in. As a matter of fact the view is so spectacular that today
the sale of underwater cameras far exceeds the sale of spear guns, which creates even more revenue
for local dive shops. This is why divers travel around the world to get a look at these sites. When
these divers come into town this is where the revenue comes in from anything such as boat
tours/charters, hotel stays, food consumption, and equipment. Many companies have keyed into this
market and have started making their own natural reefs. These companies have used them for
everything from submarine tours to burial sites for the deceased ashes. Don't forget about the
fishermen, whom are also getting wealthy due to the reefs. The fish swarm to these areas now, so the
fishermen know exactly where to fish and fill their boats up. All of these reasons can bring in
anywhere from fifty to ninety

Fight For Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs are distinctive and unique to the areas around them, boasting a variety and biodiversity
of species that can rival any terrestrial area. Although the reefs only cover 0.2 percent of the earth's
oceanic floor, an estimated one million species found around coral reefs (NASA)–around 25% of
our marine species (Coral Reef Alliance). Beyond science, reefs generate an estimated $375 billion
each year (Bunting). Coral reefs benefit the aquarium, fishing, and ecotourism industries, creating at
least 500 million jobs (Chasing Coral).
Media campaigns have historically been essential to coral reef protection (Robin Lloyd). In 1967,
the Great Barrier Reef (GBR or the Reef) was subject to a fourteen–year campaign demanding
government officials ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This was not possible at this level of participation with "Save the Reef." To further illustrate this, the
Australian Parliament received 13,000 signatures in 1968 from the "Save the Reef" campaign; the
"Fight for the Reef" campaign, by comparison, has 234,518 members for their website as of 2015
and an online petition of 81,000 signature was delivered to the World Heritage Committee Meeting
in 2013 (Foxwell–Norton). Partner organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund has 1.6 million
members (Foxwell–Norton). Participants in the campaign can range anywhere from the local
communities interested in protecting their livelihoods, scientists and professionals who seek
undiscovered endeavors, and lobbying organizations hoping to engage individuals with their
government (Foxwell–Norton).
Working alongside mainstream politics, media, industries, and celebrities, the "Fight for Our Reef"
campaign causes "interventions and interruptions" to capture attention and spread their message.
Examples include Simon Baker, Leonardo DiCaprio, Ben and Jerry's (Foxwell–Norton; Fight for
Our Reef). As discussed, the "Fight for Our Reef" Campaign has greater control of how it is framed
than past campaigns. Rather than relying on journalist and media professionals, the modern "Fight
for Our Reef" campaign

Coral Reefs : The Contribility Of Coral Reefs And Ecosystems
Although it may not be apparent to many, coral reefs are an immense necessity to ecosystems across
the globe. They act as a major source of nitrogen and other critical nutrients for the hundreds of
marine food chains that live close to or in these ecosystems. Coral is proves to be a major factor is
recycling these nutrients. On top of this, coral reefs are a major component when it comes looking at
its assistance in carbon and nitrogen fixing (an essential process due to the rise is global warming
and pollution). Coral reefs absorb nearly one–third of the carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil
fuels (GCCM). Aside from the ecological benefits, there are many benefits humans gain from
healthy coral reefs. Coral reefs are an enormous help when it come to hurricanes. These reefs act as
a natural barrier against storm surges. The natural barriers provide protection to coastlines from
damage in which intense waves and tropical storms can bring. Reefs bring in billions of dollars to
not only the United States, but hundreds of countries around the globe, as well as millions of
employment opportunities. Reefs can help humans in the medical field as well. In these reefs lie the
potential to implement biotechnologies and develop treatments for many illnesses, both acute and
fatal alike. Coral reefs most crucial impact on this earth is one that cannot be disregarded. While
coral reefs merely cover a fraction of a percent of the oceanic floor, these reefs produce what is
estimated

Dangers Of Coral Reefs
As many know, coral reefs are the most beautiful, structurally complicated and diverse marine
ecosystems. Coral reefs do numerous amounts of things; for example, they provide habitats for
various types of living organisms, they protect shorelines from storm damage, and produce and
sustain white sandy beaches. Although coral reefs look feeble, they are actually strong and durable
during certain conditions. Coral reefs are capable of recovering from brutal storms and even
volcanic eruptions as long as the dusts and sediments settle and are washed away. Before the reefs
can begin their healing process, the water condition needs to be clean and clear of all toxins. What's
killing the coral reefs then? Sadly, human enterprise is simultaneously destroying coral reefs directly
and reducing their capacity to recover (Fujita,2003). First, we will talk about 3 major threats human
enterprise has on the coral reefs. Keep in mind that the threats mentioned are not the only threats out
there. We shall then talk about evidence against some of these topics. Last, we will talk about how
these threats towards our coral reefs affect us humans; along with ways to change our environment.
One of the major threats of human enterprise is overfishing/harmful fishing. According to Fujita,
"Overfishing is rampant in many coral reef countries, driven by increasing demand and rising
expense for coral reef fish which have become major status symbols in the fancy restaurants of
Hong Kong and other major

The Importance Of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are underwater ecosystems that are held together by calcium carbonate that is secreted
by corals. They are usually built by colonies of tiny animals that are in marine water containing
some nutrients (McCook, Jompa & Diaz–Pulido, 2001). Coral reefs are mainly built by the stony
corals consisting of polyps that are in groups. These polyps belong to groups of animals called the
Cnidarian that includes the sea anemones and jellyfish. Coral reefs mainly grow in warm, shallow,
sunny and agitated water. For many years coral reefs have been used as a construction tool. They
have been a thriving business since they are collected and sold as souvenirs in the aquarium trade. In
the ecosystem, the coral reefs form one of the most productive ecosystems having provided a
complex and a varied ecosystem.
In our ecosystem coral reefs have been a good service to the ecosystems like tourism, fisheries and
coastal protection. Globally their value has been estimated to be between $29 billion and $375
billion per year (McCook, Jompa & Diaz–Pulido, 2001). They have been of significance to the
coastal line by protecting the shorelines through absorptions of the waves. Coral reef has been
estimated to be consuming more than six million tons of fish every year. Of well managed they can
yield more than fifteen tonnes of seafood per square kilometre.
Although their significance coral reefs have been the endangered species. Reefs are at risk with the
encroachment of algae. When overfishing

Coral Reef Essay
Coral reefs are found in shallow tropical waters and are most commonly present along island and
continental shores. Economically, these reefs present a major source of income and resources for
their local communities. Without them, crucial elements of tourism, fishing, coastal protection, and
even pharmaceutical discovery would be missing. According to the US Department of State, tourism
is the fastest growing coral reef–associated sector of the economy as approximately 100 million
tourists visit the Caribbean alone generating an estimated $1 billion in a mere seven–year span of
time (Hoegh–Guldberg, 1999). These numbers are only expected to grow. Similarly, fisheries
associated with coral reefs employ millions of fishers and produce ... Show more content on
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The relationship between corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates is the main factor in the
evolutionary success of reef–building corals. The endosymbiotic algae are the source of numerous
benefits for the corals and are the main contributor to the long–term survival of coral reefs over time
(Muller–Parker et al. 2015). This symbiotic relationship occurs because the algae live within the
tissues of the coral and, through photosynthesis, provide a reliable source of nutrients to their hosts.
These activities provide the coral with a fixed source of carbon compounds for energy, enhance the
calcification process, and help maintain healthy nutrient homeostasis. In return, the host coral
provides a protective environment for the algae to live within and a reliable supply of carbon
dioxide that can be used in its photosynthetic processes. This mutualistic relationship allows the
normally slow growing corals to compete with the other faster growing species because of the
efficient trading of resources between the symbiotic organisms. It drastically improves productivity
as it allows the corals to feed by day through photosynthesis but still rely on predation to feed at
night when photosynthetic processes are no longer available (Buchheim, 2013). Compared to other
benthic species, corals have an immense competitive edge as they can thrive in seawater where

Coral Reef Essay
The coral reef is a vital part of our ocean. Coral also is a big part of life for people who live near
coastal regions. We need to identify the causes of coral degradation, and find ways to repair and
keep the reef healthy. Coral reefs are one of the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems on earth
and are essential to the plant. Coral reefs only account for less than 1% of the oceans tidal area, but
are still home to 25% of all marine creatures like crustaceans, reptiles, seaweeds, bacteria fungi, and
over 4,000 species of fish (cite). Although the reef is very important to the natural order of the
planet, it is also an economic powerhouse with yearly global value of 375 billion dollars and it feeds
over 500 million people around the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are over 500 plus species of marine algae that reside in hawaii's coastal waters, producing a
lot of oxygen for hawaii. These algae live on or in coral. Corals are creatures which utilize their rock
like structures to host symbiotic algae. Which is how the coral gains its vivid appearance. The algae
also so provide crucial oxygen and remove waste from the coral itself. When waters start to warm
around coral or is dirty or polluted the reef ejects that must have symbiotic algae. All that is left is a
vacant white bleached remnant of what was once vibrant live coral. A healthy reef can contribute to
economies by generating revenue through tourism. A healthy coral reef system can be very
enjoyable to snorkel and adventure through. Beaches would not be possible without coral reefs. Surf
Breaks could also not exist without a healthy reef to make the water shallow enough for waves to
break. Even sandbar waves would not be possible without reef because sand is just smaller crushed
up reef. All these things bring in revenue through tourism without coral reefs there would be none of
that.
Reef is very important to the world but is especially important to the hawaiian islands. Without reef
in hawaii we would have no fish and more than 25% of fish are endemic to hawaii or even to their
individual islands. This means they can not be found anywhere else in the world. Due to our coral
reefs hawaii is one of the top tourists

Coral Reefs: The Great Barrier Reef
Today, most of the coral reefs were formed after the last glacial period. The most modern coral reefs
are less than 10,000 years old. (Coral Reef, Wikipedia) The Great Barrier Reef is the biggest bulk of
coral reefs in the world today. It is locating in Great Barrier Reef Marion Park in Australia and
protected by the Australian government. GBRMPA assess the health of reefs every year. This year
the extreme weather, particularly heat waves, cyclones, and flooding cause serious risk. El Niño
leads the central of eastern Pacific Ocean's sea surface temperature higher than normal. Recently, the
Bureau announced that the early stages of El Niño showed up at tropical Pacific on 12 May 2015.
("Current conditions on the Reef ") The compositions of the bulk of coral ... Show more content on
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The calcium carbonate deposits and aragonite are also present in the coral reefs. If shell fragments
and the remains of calcareous algae such as the green–segmented genus Halimeda add to the reefs
can improve the ability to withstand damage from storms and other threats. Eniwetok Atoll has this
structure. (Coral Reef, Wikipedia) Boring organisms such as sponges, worms, and bivalves and
grazers such as parrotfish and sea urchins break down the coral skeletons. After they attack dead
coral, the resulting sediment settles into spaces in the reef. Coralline algae, encrusting bryozoans,
and minerals cement the dead organic matter stable structure of coral reefs. ("Coral & Coral Reefs")
The coral reefs are necessary to ecosystems and humans. The coral reefs are important to ocean life
because 9 million marine species cannot live without corals because corals are their food and shelter.
Though there only 0.1 percent place have been covered by the

Coral Reef Importance
Sustainable Biomes
What Are Coral Reefs?
Livescience.com states that:
"Coral reefs are expansive underwater structures which are built from stony corals that secrete
calcium carbonate to create their hard exoskeleton to protect their soft bodies. These corals consist
of polyps which are abnormal growths within the coral that cluster together to form groups. Coral
reefs make up one of the most significant marine ecosystems in the world today."
(https://www.livescience.com/40276–coral–reefs.html )
Why Are Coral Reefs Important?
Alongside being one of the largest marine ecosystems in the world, coral reefs are significant for
many reasons, most of which fall under protection. But what do they protect and how do they
protect it?
Coral reefs provide coastal protection as they stop and lower wave action and erosion in shallow
shores which prevents damage to any nearby properties
Coral reefs protect the productive wetlands that lie along the coast as well as the highly productive
wetlands that are around ports and harbours
Human recreation such as fishing, snorkelling and scuba diving are all provided by the coral reefs.
The human recreation that is provided by the coral reefs benefit the people who work in the tourism
industry as they earn more money
Our earth's coral reefs are the spiritual and cultural centre for many people. For example, the
indigenous aborigines of Australia are spiritually connected to the coral reefs due to their traditional
ways of life. The

Hawaii Coral Reef
Introduction
The purpose of this research is to apply the knowledge learned about the ecology of the Hawaiian
Coral Reef to a real–life situation. The coral reef stretches over 1,000 miles in the Pacific Ocean. In
the Pacific Ocean, near the 124 islands of Hawaii, is the Hawaiian Coral Reef, which covers nearly
1,200 miles. Out of all the coral reefs in the world, the Hawaiian reef consists of 85% of all reefs.
Coral Reefs are made of organisms, coral, and limestone skeletons. 25% of organisms are not
existent anywhere else in the world. Abiotic factors are nonliving things, and abiotic factors of a
coral reef are depth, light, wave motion, salinity, and temperature of the ocean. Biotic factors, living
factors, is the whole coral reef, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Primary producers produce their own nutrients, and make their own food through photosynthesis.
Those organisms are plankton and sea weeds. The second on trophic levels are the secondary
consumers such as smaller fish and sea urchins. Third on the trophic levels are decomposers.
Decomposers are lobsters and sea turtles. Tertiary consumers are the top of the food chain, they are
sharks and bigger fish. Predation is major in a coral reef because there is so much food supply.
Mimicry is used to keep the predators away but wearing bright

Dissolution Of Coral Reefs
The dissolution of coral reefs is a growing consequence of human activities. While efforts toward
regulation of anthropogenic factors and of ocean acidification project small feats of improvement,
time is essential to determine whether or not reduction of these factors correlate with restoration of
coral reefs. Coral transplantation as a direct solution to this coral reef dissolution can thus be
explored, as it effectively aims to return coral ecosystems by _______.
Human activity such as overfishing, oil disposal, sewage, and chemical pollution attribute only a
portion of the disruption of diverse coral reef ecosystems. Sedimentation present problem because it
buries the coral reefs underneath rocky layers and thereby hinders their growth. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In a 12–year experiment observing transplanted coral and its parent coral, mortality rates proved to
be the result of "environmental (extrinsic) and/or organismal (intrinsic genotypic or molecular–level
function) factors" as opposed to "transplant/reference status or experimental methodology"
(Garrison et al. 2012). A shown in Image 1, the corals' mortality rate is independent from the method
of coral transplantation. Ultimately, success has been shown in coral transplantation. Additionally,
this means of active restoration "requires very little training, meaning that moving and reattaching
Elkhorn coral fragments can be done by recreational divers" (Wiley–Blackwell, 2010). One of the
most enticing qualities of this method is its fiscal convenience, as "cost of all materials, use of a boat
and scuba, and scientist salary totaled US$21 per transplant" (Garrison et al.

The Coral Reef Biomes : The Environmental Effects Of Coral...
The ocean is two–thirds of our planet a vast blue landscape home to many biomes which according
to Boyce Thorne–Miller "(ecosystem types) corresponding to sets of environmental conditions that
vary with depth, latitude, and longitude" (16). However, the ocean and its biomes is under attack
from the changing environment. We can see this through coral reef biomes as they make their home
near the shores. Through coral reefs we can view the effects that these changes have on the ocean
through how the coral reef biome is affected. Humans are a danger to the coral reefs and the wildlife
that resides in the biome. The pollution being released into the environment is poisoning the coral
and causes death and malformation to the wildlife. The ocean is changing due to global warming
which is causing a change in the temperature and rising water levels leading to a change in the
stabile areas coral can survive. The increasing acidification of the ocean is causing the coral reefs to
die. I will be looking at the effects these issues cause to coral reefs biomes and the ocean to see the
similarities in how they affect both.
Humans fish to survive and in doing so they will target specific species leading to overfishing.
Sound pollution is causing issues with the wildlife of the ocean in how they communicate and move
around. With human interaction comes trash which gets left in the ocean and affects many different
species.
Overfishing affects a biome by reducing the amount of species. According to the National Ocean
Service (NOAA) the effects of overfishing in a coral reef biome leads to a limited amount of
wildlife to reproduce. The ones that do reproduce will be smaller as larger wildlife which spawn
more offspring are targeted and removed from the biome causing lower overall birth. This causes
more algae to be in the environment which can lead to nutrient pollution due to a lack of wildlife
that cleans the area of algae. The World Wildlife Foundation (WWF) found that the effects of
overfishing on the ocean also caused imbalances in the populations of wildlife such as tuna and the
disruption on herbivores by overfishing such as scallops lead to algae bloom in the ocean as well.
Sound is how much of the ocean communicates with

The Bleaching Of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are extremely diverse and important to sea life. They cover about 0.2% of the ocean
floor yet more than 25% of the marine life finds itself home within the coral reefs. Not only do coral
reefs provide shelter for sea life, they also protect shorelines from erosion. In this case, coral reefs
do not just serve the ocean but they serve human life as well. Rainforests are number one when it
comes to their diversity of animals and species, and coral reefs are second in diversity.
Unfortunately, human life has a negative impact on coral reefs at times. Things like pollution and
global warming are essentially wiping out coral reefs which is causing coral bleaching. Because
they are so important to sea and human life it is necessary that ... Show more content on
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Without them, our shorelines would be eroded and storms would cause great devastation. Sea
animals and fish would not have a place to seek shelter, comfort, or nutrition. So, not only do they
look like beautiful underwater gardens, but they bring protection to both fish and human life. No
matter how far into the ocean coral reefs are located, it is important that humans understand how
significant and important they are to our lives, our sea life and our oceans. Just because we do not
directly see the devastation does not mean that it is not occurring. Humans must make a positive
impact to the world in order to help salvage and sustain the coral reefs before it is too late.

Coral Reef Impact
According to NOAA a coral reef is "a ridge of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of
coral." Stony coral polyps secrete a calcium carbonate skeleton that over many years builds up to
create the foundation which all coral lives on. These limestone remains are the building blocks for
coral colonies supporting millions of polyps which can weigh several tons. Having said that, coral
reefs grow very slowly about 0.5cm–2cm per year, meaning that all damage and death coral colonies
experience will take a long time to repair. (NOAA 2)
Humans tendency to live near the ocean can have substantial negative consequences on the reef.
Water quality decreases due to sewage leakage, agricultural run–off and other types of groundwater
pollution. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Disposing trash properly ensures it won't end up in the ocean, volunteering to help clean up a beach,
some of the more simple, easy and effective ways to help reefs. Nature.org claims fertilizer run–off
is one of the main problems coral reefs face. The easy solution to this is to only use organic and
environmentally friendly soap and fertilizer so whatever does end up in the ocean doesn't have to
hurt it. The many difficulties reefs face can be easily solved if more people were educated about the
importance of coral reefs. (Nature.org)
Coral Reefs are both biological diverse, an important economic resource. They protect shorelines as
well as our island economy by gathering revenue through both the tourist and fishing industry. Reefs
provide homes for more creatures than any other marine environment. Many people have jobs based
around coral reefs such as fishermen, divers, restaurants and many others. Coral reefs are an
investment everyone has a share in and one that should be better

The Reefs And Its Effects On The Coral Reefs
Puerto Rico is built from a volcano. So along the coast of Puerto Rico, there are many coral reefs.
This island I chose to look at, is called Desecheo Island or Isla de Desecheo. It 's just of the coast of
Puerto Rico. The coral reefs in the island are continental reefs according to geomorphologists(
people who study physical features of the Earth's surface). It is a fringing reef around the coast of
the island and a shelf reef beyond that. In the fringing reef, the depth of the reef is mixed between
shallow and deep. When it gets near the shelf reef areas, the depth gets deeper. The coastal averages
is about 80 degrees fahrenheit with high density. The biodiversity is very high in coral reefs. A coral
reef takes about one percent of the ocean, but it has around twentyfive percent marine life. This
means a lot to the coral reefs because the more species can lead to better conditions. There are many
different kinds of fish that may eat algae, which can protect the coral. Bigger fish or even sharks
keep the population of smaller fish in good hands. Some fish can hurt the zooxanthellae. Then there
are "cleaners" that eat up dead organisms and keep the reef look nice. Economically, the coral reefs
are very good. Fisherman can fish and tourist love to go snorkeling in coral reefs. However, that isn't
always that great for the coral reef itself. Coral reefs provide people with food, medicine, and tons of
revenue. Abiotic factors that are necessary for a coral reef are

Reef System Collapse
Perhaps one of the most significant anthropogenic factors contributing to reef system collapse is not
directly attributable to the practices of people within the Bahamas, but the people of the world as a
whole. As industry grows stronger, fossil fuels continue to burn at exceedingly high rates,
consumption reaches all time highs, and unsustainable livestock practices continue to emit high
levels of methane, climate change has caused an increase in temperature worldwide. This increase in
temperature has been largely absorbed by the Earth's oceans, causing them to rise in temperature as
well. Since 1880, ocean temperature has increased by 0.65 to 1.06°C. In the next 50 years, it is
predicted that ocean temperatures could reach an increase up ... Show more content on
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These environments are at extreme risk however, as anthropogenic factors such as invasive species,
runoff, overfishing, and global climate change harm them immensely. Although the true impact of
the initiatives taken to solve these problems is largely untested due to how young they are, it seems
clear that in order to promote the resilience of coral reefs and prevent the potential collapse of the
Bahamas, all three techniques must be combined in a fashion that will maximise the possibility for
sustainable reef ecosystems. By combining education and governmental policy, while
supplementing those large scale changes with direct influence on reef health in order for it to
survive, lasting resilience is a real

Patch Reefs: Coral Reef Research
There are patch reefs up and down from the Keys through Palm Beach County, where I live. But
North America's only living corral barrier reef lies six miles seaward of the Florida Keys (Reef
Relief). These coral reefs are composed of outer reefs and patch reefs, and contain over fifty species
of corals (making up eighty percent of all the coral reef species in the Tropical Western Atlantic) and
more than one hundred species of fish. These reef systems are important to Floridians first and
foremost because of tourism. People travel from all over the world to come to Florida and snorkel,
scuba dive, and boat over the beautiful reef systems. In addition to this, Florida's commercial fishing
for lobster, stone crab, and many other fish depends on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They make up a vast, diverse marine ecosystem. Without them, many underwater species would
have no home, no food, and no security. Local residents and visitors would find themselves without
essential marine resources. Research has shown us that damage to coral reefs can be naturally
occurring. In such cases, there are few options we have for combating their demise. As with many
other environmental problems we face, climate change plays a large part in coral reef damage. This
is something that must be taken care of on a massive scale; and possibly over a very long period of
time. However, maintenance of the coral reefs is possible. Their destruction by way of human
influence, however, can be prevented. With proper education, divers and tourists can be made aware
of what threat they pose to the reefs when they come in contact with them. Other beach–goers can
be made aware of what beach pollution does to the water and its life forms. Regulations can be put
in place to see that industry causes as little damage as possible to our oceans and reefs. The DEP,
and other such agencies, is around to care for the reefs and attempt to reverse any damages done to
them. If it weren't for the coral reefs, Florida simply would not be

Coral Reef Deforestation
Where have all the coral reefs gone? Reef deforestation has been occurring around the globe at an
alarming rate and is affecting us more than we think. These beautiful reefs are a diverse marine
version of a tropical rainforest and is an ecosystem that homes thousands of species. Coral reefs
grow in oceans that are clear and clean and they need the sun for photosynthesis. Unfortunately, this
underwater paradise is becoming less and less of an attraction due to the destruction of them. Places
such as Mexico, Australia and Florida are having shortages of income due to the lack of coral reefs.
As well as the fact that industries aren't getting a steady income, marine animals are suffering too.
When coral reefs are destroyed, all the marine life that the coral reef supported now doesn't have a
habitat. Also, without the marine life and the beautiful coral reefs, tourists are not able to go visit
what once was a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is mostly accidental human interactions with the reefs that causes certain parts to break.
Tourists do not notify anyone that the coral reef was damaged which can make it go unknown. Many
tourism areas for coral reefs can be warned about the issues and taught how to safely handle reefs
while still getting the experience. However, some areas are careless and don't know the importance
of educating tourists so that the reefs can be enjoyed for many years later. The last major issue that
affects coral reefs is pollution and the overuse of pesticides/fertilizers. You may wonder why
pesticides/fertilizers can affect coral reefs but they do. The extra pesticides get absorbed into
groundwater or end up in surface runoff which leads right into lakes, rivers or oceans. These
pesticides get "eaten" by algae and enhances their growth, causing the corals to be suffocated. These
pesticides are being consumed by marine life that is located near the reefs. This can result in marine
animals dying or getting

Kharg Coral Reef
This study showed that Kharg and Lark Island have been severely affected by human activities.
Considerable differences were observed in the concentrations of surface sediments collected from
the both Lark and Kharg coral reefs. The chemical contamination of Kharg Island was higher than
what were observed in Lark Island suggesting that exploration, exploitation and crude oil activities
(such as oil transportation especially at the Kharg Island) and military activities (especially at the
Lark Island) and runoff near the coast, may be important sources of organic pollutants. For
examined analytes, Kharg Island can be considered polluted relative to other systems values. Kharg
coral reef is as an ecological protection area, which has been designed

Importance Of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are a very important to our ecosystem and our earth. The ocean contains many different
types of coral reefs containing a wide variety of living things. Although, every day, it seems that our
coral reefs are becoming endangered. While these coral reefs are important to us, they are in great
danger of being nonexistent.
First of all, a coral reef is defined as "a ridge of rock in the sea formed by the growth and deposit of
coral." Coral reefs are a diverse underwater ecosystem held together by calcium carbonate
structures. They are created by colonies of tiny animals and organisms found in marine water. These
animals and organisms contain nutrients needed to help the process of coral reef formation. These
reefs begin to form when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In these coral reefs, live many different types of plants and animals. Some of these plants include
but are not limited to, algae. Algae is known for providing a source of food for the smaller fish and
invertebrate sea life. Then they are also known for acting like glue while helping the reefs grow
larger and stronger. Then in the reefs, are also seagrasses. These seagrasses can grow very rapidly–
growing, and in return, they help trap sediment loads near the reefs. The seagrass can also provide a
habitat for smaller fish, invertebrate animals, sea turtles, and even manatees. One of the final plants
is the mangroves. Mangroves are plants that can help support a very wide range of reef fishes and
other marine life. The roots of the mangrove trees act as a nursery for young reef fishes by giving
them an are that is not very well seen. They are able to breed, and the smaller fish are able to grow
away from predators. Then there are also animals that live in the reefs. Some of these animals are
predators, while some are not. Some of these animals include sea snakes, sea turtles, manatees,
dugongs, sponges, crustaceans, and mollusks. These sea snakes are said to be venomous, so scuba
divers and fishers are recommended to stay away from them. Then there are the sea turtles. The
different species of sea turtles are most often seen resting on the reef itself. One of the species of sea
turtles is the Hawksbill turtle. They are a species that is known to

Astrolabe Reef Essay
Science based evidence: Over three years has passed since the incident, groups and scientists have
continued to monitor toxic levels within the affected area. ('Application For Resource Consent (MV
Rena)') Previously before the Rena grounded on the reef there was no scientific evidence to prove
the abundant and good visibility of marine life on the Astrolabe reef. Since the Rena grounded
scientific research has been carried out in order to restore the reef to its previous state and reduce
contamination (Judd). One aspect of the issue is the release of toxic chemicals/objects that can cause
potential harm to the ecology and water. This includes toxic metals that have the potential to adverse
on the environment, for instance copper when released in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This is a consequence of the erosion and breakdown of the cargo, releasing copper, creating the
sediment to have high toxic levels and adverse effect on water quality, primarily achieved through
the copper leaching ('Application For Resource Consent (MV Rena)'). Usually copper is a natural
element, however when copper is in high concentrations, such as, scraps (clove) this increases the
toxicity of the element itself. If cloves were to be released within the sediment of the ocean its
impact would be less to an extent as its not in large quantities. However the effects would last longer
as the cloves take longer to break down. The effects on the environment can reduce growth in
population of several species from algae to birds (The Rena Project) (H. Lucas and A. Horton).
Overall there are two arguments that involve both the release of copper (large quantities which can
be toxic) in relation to the removal of the Rena (WATER QUALITY AND ECOTOXICITY). If the
whole removal of Rena were to take place, it would expose the risk of large quantities of copper to
be exposed in an aquatic state, in the long–term it could be beneficial as it would not only restore
mauri but also remove any large quantities of

The Endangerment Of Coral Reefs
The Endangerment of Coral Reefs When people, tourists especially, ask themselves what is one of
the most memorable moments they have experienced in the Florida Keys, the first thing that comes
to mind is the ocean. Not only the ocean in general, but what is beyond, or in other words, " what is
beneath?". Far in the aquamarine water there is another world that people do not even know about,
where many different species of life come together and form a place of peace and beauty. This world
is called a coral reef. Coral reefs are one of the most beautiful sanctuaries where not only tourists,
but Floridians go forth and admire their unique beauty underwater and see life in another
perspective; pure bliss. Whether there are the colorful ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Delicate purple sea fans, blood red sponges, spiny puffer fish, poisonous fish, giant clams, yellow–
lip snakes and giant manta rays are just a small sample of the fascinating residents that awe visitors
from the terrestrial realm (Weber)." To get more in detail about the importance of coral reefs, they
are providers of food source and living as well as the fact that they are among the most biologically
diverse regions on Earth. The actual coral itself is known to be "extremely ancient that evolved into
reef building forms over the last 25 years" (Donner). There are two types of coral, one is hard coral,
which is the major reef building species and then there is soft coral, which are sea fans and sea
whips. The reefs are classified into three types: barrier reefs, fringing reefs, and atolls. They create
specialized habitats that provide shelter, food and breeding sites for numerous plants and animals.
Zooxan thellae is the algae found on coral reefs and the small organisms live together, which is one
the main food sources on the reefs for all the species in the ocean. Florida's coral reefs are very
important to its state. "It is a fact that Florida is the only state is the United States to have extensive
shallow coral reef formations near its coast (Florida's Coral reefs)." Molasses Reef, White Banks
Reef, Mosquito Reef, Grecian Rocks, French Reef, and John Pennekamp's Christ of the Abyss
sanctuary are among the best well–known

Coral Reefs Essay
Coral reefs are very diverse ecosystems. They are "the rainforest of the sea". Coral reefs can be very
big or very small. The Great Barrier Reef (Australia) is 1,600 miles long and 40 miles wide. They
are very important for our ocean, they provide food and home for many of the fish in the ocean. For
some fish, coral reefs are the only viable food source or shelter they have. Coral reefs are very
important.
Coral reefs are made by individual coral that join together to form a coral colony. Each coral is .06
to .5 inches in size. There is a tissue that joins the coral together, called coenosarc.
For coral reefs to live they need certain thing. Coral reefs need water that is warm, shallow, and in
tropical climates. They have to have enough ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reefs can live decades to centuries. This is only when there is little to no damage done to the reefs.
There are different kinds of things that can damage the reefs. One of these things is when the
weather changes, from cold to hot or hot to cold, it changes the sea level and temperature of it.
When sea level and temperature changes it damages the coral reefs. Another thing that can harm the
coral reefs are seaweed. Seaweed is a threat to corals because they grow much faster, than the
seaweed starts to take over the coral reef. When there is too much nutrients in the sea, the seaweed
grows much faster than usual and it take over the reef much faster. Seaweed have a chemical that
damages the coral, and kills them also.
The most significant threat to coral reefs is human interaction. People use coral reefs for a lot of
things. They provide us with jobs, coral reefs bring in 30 billion dollars a year, the most they have
ever brought in was 170 billion dollars in a year. Even though they help us so much we harm them
in many different ways. Humans overfish, we pollute the ocean, and we change the ocean chemistry.
These things kill the coral.
Coral reefs also play a big part in other sea animals lives.Coral reefs make up about 1% of the ocean
floor, that may seem small but, that about the size of France! One third of all marine animals live in
a coral reef for some of their life. For

Coral Reef Pollution
The ocean full of life and undiscovered wonders is changing from a diverse biom(define)e to a
polluted landscape(change). These changes can be seen through the coral reefs that reside mostly on
shores. Through the window provided by the diverse biome of coral reefs we can see how the ocean
reacts to the changes being sustained(change). Humans play a major part in the growth of the coral
reef(change). The pollution we make from the gases, chemicals, and tools we use end up in the
ocean especially effecting reefs as they are located near shores(rewrite). With the ever increasing
temperatures due to global warming the coral reef biomes are becoming unstable(rewrite). The
increasing acidification of the ocean is a ticking bomb for coral reefs(change). I will be looking at
the effects these issues have on both coral reef biomes and the ocean, as I believe through coral reef
biomes we can both see the health of the ocean and the effectiveness of solutions are to reduce the
current issues plaguing the ocean.(change)
Human introduction into the ocean and reefs causes overfishing. The increasing cause of sound
pollution by humans is drowning out the oceans natural sounds. The litter left behind equally effects
both coral and the ocean.
Overfishing by humans effects the health of the targeted species will also destroying the natural
order of the area. According to the National Ocean Service (NOAR) the effects of overfishing on
coral reefs cause a limited amount of fish to replenish

Coral Reef Bahamas
The coral reef of the Bahamas is home to a large variety of different organisms including sponges,
fish, anemones, sea stars, and crustaceans. They all use the reef as a form of resource for food,
protection from predators, or a place to live (Harborne et al. 2006). However, coral reefs all around
the world are in danger of depletion and destruction more now than ever (Richardson 1998).
Damage to the coral reef is caused by a number of factors such as increasing temperatures or
reduction of sea pH (van Hooidonk et al. 2013). These factors lead to an increase in diseases (Kuta
and Richardson 2002; Zvuloni et al. 2009; Patterson et al. 2002; Gil–Agudelo et al. 2004). There is a
large range of different diseases affecting a variety of coral species ... Show more content on
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This occurs when there is partial or complete tissue degradation due to a pathogenic microbial
consortium. Sulfur compounds and low oxygen conditions are produced by a concentration of
bacteria, which eventually kills of the coral (Viehman et al. 2006). This is the only disease to date
that can be successfully treated (NMFS 2001). Blotch, circular ring shaped lesions bordered by a
faint yellow colouring distinguish Caribbean Yellow Band Disease (Santavy et al. 1999; Cervino et
al. 2001). The lesions are slow progressing growing in size by only mm or cm a each month (Reeves
1994). The edges remain the yellow colour while the previously infected tissue will darken prior to
the tissue being lost (Cervino et al. 2005). This disease is directly affecting important reef builders
and therefore affecting the growth of the coral reef itself (NMFS 2001). Dark Spots Disease is
associated with the appearance of dark spots that may expand over time. The affected tissue will
occasionally form depressions of the surface of the coral and may differ depending on the season
however the underlying skeleton will retain dark pigmentation even when tissue is gone (Gil–
Agudelo

Coral Reefs And Coral Reef
Coral reefs in Belize have declined in abundance over the past decade. The reefs have experienced
massive losses due to many local and global stressors such as bleaching, disease, sewage,
overfishing, climate change, and tourism damage. After Hurricane Iris in 2001, the coral reef in
Belize was left for the dead due to no growth. Direct impacts such as hurricanes are associated with
the loss of architectural complexity of coral habitats. The loss of this coral reef complication drives
the decline in diversity and species richness. The widespread mortality of corals also increases the
chance of net reef erosion. These impacts are expected to amplify calcium carbonate dissolution
with negative consequences for the entire reef framework ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Restoration projects strategically planned and mapped nursery sites and out–plant sites. This is the
mostly widely used method for ecological recovery of coral reefs which is also called coral
gardening. Coral gardening framework has expanded to planting ten thousand rehabilitated corals on
degraded coral reefs in the Caribbean and Western Atlantic. This method is based on two factors: the
collection of coral fragments within nurseries and the out–planting of nursery grown corals onto
ruined reefs (Lirman, 2016). First, engineers took a few factors into consideration – what corals
exist, and where, in proximity to the restoration sites. Next, donor corals must be mapped and
scoped to the location of the nursery and out–plant sites in the process. Past restoration projects in
the Caribbean and Western Atlantic are quite different from coral gardening. They depended on the
transplantation of corals from a donor site to a damaged site (Lirman, 2016).Coral gardening
techniques are a little different because this technique uses a small amount of corals within ex situ or
in situ nurseries prior to outplanting onto degraded reefs. The key to coral gardening is to maximize
coral productivity and survivorship. While corals are in the nursery, they can provide an expanding
source of corals for ecological restoration. If there's a high productivity at the nursery, they will no
longer need to use more corals

Coral Reefs In Florida
Coral Reefs
In the United States, Florida is the only state that has coral reefs that form near the coast. It runs
along the east coast from Stuart, located in Martin County, to the Dry Tortugas which are located in
the Gulf of Mexico. Along the chain of the Florida Keys is where most of the living coral reefs are
also located in the Everglades. " Coral reef development occurs only in areas with specific
environmental characteristics: a solid structure for attachment, relatively warm water temperatures,
clear waters low in phosphate and moderate wave action to disperse wastes and bring oxygen and
brings oxygen and plankton to the reef." (www.dep.state.fl.us)
Coral reefs play an essential part in the ecosystem. They support the biodiversity

The Use Of Cyanide On The Reefs
The chance to recover these reefs is now. One example of it already being too late is in Hong Kong,
Singapore, Manila. All these locations had thriving beautiful reefs a long time ago, but human
impact has destroyed the infrastructure of the reefs and there is just a barren wasteland except for
select hardy fish that live off of what is left. When I say human impact, an example of this is the sale
of coral skeletons. The residents of China and surrounding areas would go out into the reef with
dynamite. The fisher man would take the dynamite and wedge it into the reef and light the fuse. The
reef would be blown into manageable pieces and then taken to the port to be dipped in bleach and
put on the market as decoration. Another practice that is used is the use of cyanide on the reefs. This
practice is still used today in order to supply the aquarium market with exotic fish that are too hard
to catch. How the practice works is the fisherman will take a diluted solution of cyanide and dose
the whole reef. If this is done correctly, the fish will not die, but become temporarily paralyzed so
they can be picked up in a net and brought onto the boat. The fish will then be transferred to store
and be put on sale in a crowded tank until someone takes them home. The larger fish are never
targeted for aquarium homes due to the size and lack of demand. When you have an ecosystem as
complicated as a reef, taking out chunks of the food chain will only have very negative impacts. The
reefs

Coral Reef Loss
A current problem impacting the island of tonga is the destruction of coral reef. One solution to this
problem is to put guard towers to watch people or higher more DLNR (department of land and
natural resources) workers. According to Coral conservation the text states "the world's coral are in a
crisis." This shows that if we do not take action and do something about it like hire more DLNR
workers we may as well kiss the reefs goodbye. According to coral reef: threats/ wwf the text states
"Roughly one–quarter of coral reefs worldwide are already considered damaged beyond repair, with
another two–thirds under serious threat." This shows that hiring more DLNR is needed because they
can watch to make sure no one is doing anything to harm the reef and that a lot of the reef is already
gone. To reach this solution we must first agree that there is a problem and that this is a way to help
fix ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to losing our coral reefs, the text states that "Ten percent of coral reefs have already been
damaged beyond repair, and if we continue with business as usual, WRI projects that 90% of coral
reefs will be in danger by 2030, and all of them by 2050." This shows that if we do not do anything
to try and help then the coral reef will be in some serious trouble. In order to launch the commercials
we must hire a company to broadcast our commercials during their breaks like CNN. According to
threats to coral reef, the text states "Sometimes poisons like cyanide are dumped into the water to
stun fish and make them easier to capture. Sadly, fishing with cyanide often kills fish, corals, and
other forms of wildlife, while degrading the reef habitat itself." This shows that advertising
commercials will help to notify and encourage people to be more aware and responsible. By doing
this we will help to save a lot of

The Great Barrier Reef Of Australia 's Coral Reefs
Since commercial fishing in Australia's coral reefs began in the early 1970s, overfishing, climate
change, dynamite fishing, and pollution have contributed to a large–scale decline in the health of the
reefs and the marine life that reside within them. The Great Barrier Reef stands as one of the most
varied ecosystems in the world, serving as a natural environment for thousands of species of marine
life. The reefs provide millions of dollars in revenue for Australia by attracting many tourists,
providing fish, and by advancing medical research. The coral reefs are beneficial to Australia
because they serve as a barrier to protect the land from large waves and tsunamis. Reef industries,
such as fishing and tourism, which generate approximately 5.4 billion dollars annually for the
Australian economy and support over 69,000 jobs, are dependent on a healthy environment ("The
Great Barrier Reef"). Tourism is one of the largest commercial activities in the Great Barrier Reef
region, playing an important role in presenting the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park to a wide range
of visitors. There is a myriad range of tourism operations in the Great Barrier Reef including tours,
snorkeling, scuba diving, fishing charters, cruises, whale watching, and swimming with dolphins
("Experiences in the Region"). The fishing industry in Australia depends on the reefs since many
fish breed there and young fish occupy time there before making their way to the open sea
("Biodiversity and

coral reef Essay
CORAL REEFS
Almost every one of us have heard and most of you have seen the Coral reefs but did you know
what actually these are:
As a mariner its important to know about the marine life, that was one reason I have chosen this
topic for my today's short presentation.
GM, my scheme of presentation will be as flashed:
DEFINATION OF CORAL REEF
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CORAL AND CORAL POLYP
WHERE WE CAN FIND CORAL
CONSTRUCTION OF CORAL REEFS
CONDITIONS FOR GROWTH OF CORAL REEFS
TYPES OF CORAL REEFS
THREAT TO CROAL REEFS
WHAT SHOULD A MARINER DO IN CORAL RICH AREAS
FUTURE OF CORAL REEFS
CONCLUSION
What is a coral reef?
Coral reefs are huge structures made of limestone that is deposited by living things. There are
thousands of species that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Soft corals are found in both tropical seas and in cool, dark regions.
What is a coral polyp?
A coral polyp is a spineless animal. Coral polyps can be the size of a pinhead while others are larger,
sometimes a foot in diameter. One coral branch or mound is covered by thousands of these animals.
They are invertebrates (spineless animals) and are cousins of anemones and jellyfish. When
thousands of these animals are grouped together, they are referred to as coral colonies. Each coral
"tree" or "mound" is one colony of coral polyps. A polyp has a sac–like
body and an opening or mouth encircled by stinging tentacles called cnidae. The polyp uses calcium
carbonate from seawater to build itself a hard, cup–shaped skeleton. This limestone skeleton protects
the soft, delicate body of the polyp. Coral polyps are usually nocturnal, meaning that they stay
inside their skeletons during the day. At night, polyps extend their tentacles out to feed.

Where do corals live?
Coral reefs are found in over 100 countries. Most reefs are located between the tropics of Cancer
and Capricorn, in places such as the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean, the Red Sea
and the Arabian Gulf. Corals are also found farther from the equator in places where warm currents
flow out of the tropics, such as Florida and southern Japan. Worldwide, coral reefs cover an
estimated 284,300 square kilometers (110,000 square miles).
How old are

The Great Barrier Reefs
Damage to coral reefs
What are the issues?
The Great Barrier Reef is one of the natural wonders of the worlds. However, it is under threat cause
of human activities, climate change, and natural disasters.
What have happened to coral reefs?
Climate change:
 This is the biggest threat to the reef's future, it also effects to the entire human life.  Coral
bleaching may occur more and more than normal in the future. It makes laboriously (difficult) for
corals to recover between bleaching events.
 Flooding and cyclone also can happen.
Pollution:
 Sediment, nutrient, pesticide pollution are having a serious impact to the reef ecosystem.
 These toxic dumped directly into the ocean, increase the level of nitrogen in seawater.
 Some 700

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