Iliac Crest Avulsion Research Paper

Iliac Crest Avulsion Research Paper
An iliac crest avulsion fracture is the pelvic fracture of one's anterosuperior, anteroinferior, andiliac,
ischial tuberosity, and iliac crest. It is most common in younger athletes involved in soccer, track, or
other running based sports. It is most likely caused by a strain of the sartorius or the tensor of the
fascia lata. The fascia lata is the deep fascia of the thigh. It contains the thigh muscles and controls
the outer limit of the fascial muscles of thigh. The muscles are separated by intermuscular septa,
which are the fibrous connective–tissue layers that partition muscle groups in the arms and legs. The
fascia lata is condensed at its lateral side where it creates an iliotibial tract, which is a structure that
runs to the tibia and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He trained five times a week for three hours at a time. During those 3 hours he spent 30 minutes
warming up, but he did not engage in any stretching prior to running. The sprinter felt pain during
the acceleration phase at the beginning of the race. Proceeded by a complete loss of function of the
lower limb appeared forcing him to stop running and fall. A few days later he was screened by a
physician. The doctor located anterior pain on his anterior spine. Eventually he was given a CT and
X–ray which both confirmed an avulsion of part of the iliac crest apophysis which is another word
for an outgrowth or projection of a bone. The surgery team performed an open reduction and
internal fixation with two titanium fixed screws. A CT scan was given and confirmed adequate
screw placement following the procedure.
Following the operation the sprinter was told that there could be no weight bearing for at least 6
weeks without complete immobilization of the leg and no active flexion of the hip. The sprinter then
began muscular reinforcement and rehabilitation with a physical therapist. The sprinter eventually
beat his personally record in the 100 meter dash just six months after his operation and therapy.
There was no post operation problems
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Skeletal Muscle Analysis
The solid framework is the body's system of tissues that controls development both of the body and
inside it, (for example, the heart's pumping activity and the development of nourishment through the
gut). Development is created through the constriction and unwinding of particular muscles.
The muscles of the body are isolated into two primary classes: skeletal (willful) and smooth
(automatic). Skeletal muscles are connected to the skeleton and move different parts of the body.
They are called willful on the grounds that an individual controls their utilization, for example, in
the flexing of an arm or the raising of a foot. There are around 650 skeletal muscles in the entire
human body. Smooth muscles are found in the stomach and intestinal dividers, vein and corridor
dividers, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Like skeletal muscles, heart muscles are striated. However like smooth muscles, they are automatic,
controlled by the autonomic sensory system.
The longest muscle in the human body is the Sartorius (purported sar–TOR–ee–us). It runs starting
from the waist over the front of thigh to the knee. Its design is to flex the hip and knee. The biggest
muscle in the body is the gluteus Maximus (professed GLUE–tee–us MAX–si–mus; bottom
muscles). It moves the thighbone far from the body and straightens out the hip joint. Skeletal
muscles are presumably the most well–known kind of muscle. They are the muscles that throb after
strenuous work or activity. Skeletal muscles make up around 40 percent of the body's mass or
weight. They balance out joints, help look after carriage, and give the body its general shape. They
likewise utilize a lot of oxygen and supplements from the blood supply. Skeletal muscles are
appended to bones by extreme, stringy connective tissue called tendons. Tendons are rich in the
protein collagen, which is masterminded in a wavy manner so it can extend and give extra length at
the muscle–bone

Biography Of De Palma Terrance And It Was A Facility That...
Introduction/Purpose The facility I visited was called De Palma Terrance and it was located in
Placentia, California. De Palma Terrance is a facility that has been providing senior care for seniors
for over 25 years in Orange County. De Palma Terrance does offer senior living within the complex
for those who desire it, but it is also a senior center where seniors around the community can freely
visit and attend health classes. The class I attended is called Health/Wellness & Trivia and is part of
the Older Adults Program (OAP). OAP is one of the programs that is under of the Lifeskills
Education Advancement Program (LEAP), which is part of the North Orange County Community
College District. The class was one hour long and was lead by ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The class consisted of mainly strength training, long periods of stretching and short cardio. It was
essential that the activities was mainly concentrated on increasing leg strength and improving
balance. Strengthen the bones will help build bone thickness and help lessen the danger of
breaks/fractures. Balance, coordination and mobility will help older adults from falling. Older adults
are at high risk of falling and this can cause serious injuries such as hip fractures, head traumas and
even death. The class also helped older adults educate themselves on preventive strategies from
falling as well.
Major Health Components Covered In Class The two major health components covered in this class
was physical health and social health. Physical health "refers to the way that the body function."
This definitely consist of regular exercise. Since the class was mainly consisted of strength training
exercises, it gave older adults strength and energy. This can play a major role in preventing some
illnesses. Social health is the quality of one's relationship with his/her friends and family. I feel like
the instructor was also trying to get older adults to work together during the exercises. I saw older
adults helping each other out when it came to stretching. This would be a good class for older adults
to attend if they wanted to meet new people. The

Informative Speech on Als Essays
Informative Speech on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) OBJECTIVES: General Purpose: To
inform the audience about ALS Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the diagnosis and
progression of ALS Central Idea: The symptoms and effects of this disease on the individual and
family Organizational Pattern: The progression of ALS from diagnosis to death INTRODUCTION I.
Take a moment, and point at the computer screen. Notice that your index finger is extended and your
other fingers are curled into your palm. How did your hand know to do that? It all began in your
brain, the starting point for an important chain of communication. Your brain ordered nerve cells, to
activate ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
C. Once the victim is positively diagnosed they are given a life expectancy of 2–5 years. (As the
disease progresses the symptoms get worse) III. Middle Stage A. Some muscles are paralyzed, while
others are weakened or unaffected. B. Walking becomes difficult, if a fall occurs, the person may not
be able to stand back up alone. Driving is relinquished. Weakness in swallowing muscle may cause
choking, and greater difficulty eating and managing saliva. C. Weakness in breathing muscles can
cause respiratory insufficiency, especially when lying down. D. Some people experience bouts of
uncontrolled and inappropriate laughing or crying. (Despite how it seems, the person usually doesn't
feel particularly sad or happy.) IV. Late Stages A. Most voluntary muscles are paralyzed B. The
muscles that help move air in and out of the lungs are severely compromised. C. Mobility is
extremely limited, and help is needed in caring for most personal needs. D. Poor respiration may
cause fatigue, fuzzy thinking, headaches and susceptibility to pneumonia (Respiratory insufficiency
is a leading cause of death in ALS.) (When ALS attacks, it attacks quickly) V. Final Goodbyes A. In
the last stage of the disease the effects on the body are crucial. B. The vast majority of deaths from
ALS are the result of

Movement Analysis For An Instep Kick
Movement Analysis for an Instep Kick
A Review of the Biomechanics Involved in Soccer
Monica A. McKnight
American Military University
Author Note
This paper was prepared for Biomechanics SPHE324, taught by Professor
Jenny Johnson. "If you wanna get drafted, pay attention."
Movement Analysis for an Instep Kick
A Review of the Biomechanics Involved in Soccer Kicking a ball is a fundamental movement that
most individuals have learned to do since taking their first steps. However, kicking in the sport of
soccer is the single most important aspect of the game. The success of the team derives heavily on
proper technique and form of each player on the field. Good technique will not only increase the
quality of the game ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The placement of the non kicking foot determines the direction of the kick. The support leg also acts
as a stabilizer by flexing at the knee once the foot makes contact with the ground. (Lees, Asai,
Andersen, Nunome & Sterzing, 2010) Pictured below in Figures 1 and 2 are two different athletes
with very diverse abilities. You can see both the direction of the planted foot and the flexion of the
knee in both players.
Figure 1. A photo of stages 1 and 2 of the instep kick, the approach and foot planting, of a beginner
athlete.
Figure 2. A photo of professional soccer player David Beckham in both stages of the instep kick
demonstrating flexion of the knee and plating of the foot. Taken from: O'leary, C. (n.d) Retrieved
fromhttp://www.chrisoleary.com/projects/Soccer/Essays/FreeKickMechanics_DavidBeckham.html.
The next stage of the instep kick in soccer is the swing limb loading stage or the wind up of the
kicking leg. This is the part of them movement that produces power and force essentially
transferring over into the next phase. This part of the movement involves a concentric contraction of
the gluteus maximus and hamstrings that results in hip extension making the hip rotate internally
due to the concentric contraction of the gluteus medias. Knee flexion is the main

Trunk Movement Analysis
In relation to trunk movement and this week's forum, I chose to write about the sit up. The sit–up is
commonly implemented to tone and strengthen the abdominal muscles as an endurance training
exercise. Within the exercise, you are strengthening the rectus abdominus along with engaging the
internal and external obliques. Your rectus abdominis attaches to ribs 5 through 7 and starts at your
pubic bone while stretching, in a straight line, upwards to your ribs. It is activated every time your
ribs are brought towards your thighs. It is also accountable for guiding the tilt of your pelvis and the
curvature of your lower spine. Your obliques, on the other hand, consist of the lateral abdominal
muscles and promote flexion, rotation and bending of the spine Nevertheless, because of the sit–ups
wide range of motion, additional muscles (assisting muscles) consist of the rectus femoris, iliopsoas,
sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae, and obliques. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Your iliopsoas is attached to your femur, crosses your hips, and attaches to the lower ribs. This
muscle promotes flexing of the hip and spine rotation. Your sartorius runs diagonally across the
front of your thigh and is a long, narrow muscle which assists with both bending of the hip and
knee. Your tensor fascia latae is a thin muscle that runs from the pelvis to the tibia and assists with
hip flexion as well as leg abduction. While both the primary and secondary muscles play a large role
in the overall movement, it could not be performed properly without the stabilizing muscles. This
muscle involves the tibialis anterior, which runs from the top of your shin bone down to your first
metatarsal, (big toe) and helps you flex your ankle. As you come into a sitting position, slight
tension is along the front of the legs. This is your tibialis anterior becoming engaged in order to keep
your ankle

Muscle Epidemiology Essay
2) All sports and activities can cause pain and eventually overwork a muscle. Many runners undergo
and experience pain or some sort of problem in their lower extremities. For runners, the agonist
muscles are the gastrocnemius, soleus, hamstrings, quadriceps, iliotibial band, and tibialis anterior
muscles. Muscle tightness in these areas occur because of the following.
Tight
a) A lack of flexibility in general
b) Fatigued calf muscles
c) Inappropriate footwear
d) Wearing high heels daily
e) Running too much, too soon
f) Inadequate warm–up / cool–down
g) Muscle imbalances elsewhere
h) Running form
Overstretched
a) Hip flexors (Psoas major, rectus femoris, sartorius, tensor fasciae latae, pectineus, adductor
longus, adductor brevis, gracilis) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Manual muscle testing will be tested to assess the strength in muscles used for running such as the
prime/strong muscles which are the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps, and tibialis
anterior. This will also determine the weakness in muscles such as the plantarflexors, dorsiflexors,
knee flexion, and knee extension. Also, range of motion will be tested on the tight muscles such as
the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. When the muscles are tight, the
runner will increase the risk of injury (Schipper, 2009). Gait analysis will be used to examine
deficits to body function, stability, and describe how the patient will be running. This will help
determine the patient's biomechanics and achieve adequate mobility. Lastly, we will perform a pain
assessment to see what pain level the patient is at when running. This will help determine whether
the patient is minimizing stress on the body to achieve no pain at all while running. To monitor
progress of these assessments, we must know that if these "muscles are weak or become fatigued
easily, there is less control of the leg and the risk of injury increases" (Schipper, 2009, paragraph

The History Of Dmd Stemmed From The Progressive Muscular...
The coexistence of the uncommon disease known as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy or DMD, has
come to the attention of many and has manifested within this document to generalize the history,
impact, and significance of the disease. The history of DMD stemmed from the progressive
muscular dystrophy of two 10–year–old boys names Conte and Gonji in 1836. Since this becoming
the first historical account of such a disease, many doctors and specialists speculated a more
catastrophic form of tuberculosis; when revisited by scientists it was concluded that they suffered
from the milder Becker MD. In 1852, Meryon reported in striking points of interest a family with
four young men, every one of whom were influenced by huge muscle changes, however had no ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As shown in Figure 1, this presents the most common scenario that is passed down to children since
most people with the disease do not have a long enough life expectancy, and most females who get
both affected X chromosomes by a carrier mother and affected father is very unlikely. The chart
explains how the males who receive the disease get it from a carrier mother who is unaffected by the
disease as the one affected X chromosome is masked by unaffected X chromosome; a task that the Y
chromosome cannot achieve, thus making the male population inclined to receive it more likely than
females. Figure 1 illustrates a more detailed Punnett Square depicts the common scenario. Duchenne
Muscular Dystrophy is caused by a mutation of the dystrophin gene at locus Xp21, located on the
short arm of the X chromosome. The DMD disease occurs primarily from frameshift mutations in
the dystrophin gene. Just short of 70% of cases of DMD occur from deletion of the dystrophin gene,
10% of cases occur from the harmful addition of the gene. The remaining cases (that have medically
been recorded), have occurred because of disastrous point mutations that change in the DNA
sequence. Dystrophin is a pole molded cytoplasmic protein and an indispensable part of a protein
complex that associates the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber to the encompassing extracellular grid
through

Essay On Muscle Growth
How do Muscles Grow? It would seem in the 21st Century there would be a clear answer to this
question. Although there is an enormous amount of research on the subject. The answer is not so
clear cut. Stem cell research has shed a great deal of light on what can effect positive growth in
muscle tissue. (15) The whole complete process on how skeletal muscle tissue responds to
increasing loads is not known.
The amazing process of skeletal muscle cell hypotrophy is a multi–level consideration, which opens
the potential to unlock the key to anti–aging and longevity. (15) Skeletal muscle cell or fiber
hypotrophy is an increase in muscle mass. The opposite, which results in a decrease of muscle mass
is known as atrophy.
What an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With aerobic exercise the cardiac muscle improves its ability to push more blood volume out of the
heart chambers. Skeletal muscle on the other hand become more efficient at transmitting force
through the tendons, ligaments and joints. (13) The two main functions of skeletal muscle fibers are
to produce contraction that moves a joint resulting in locomotion of the human form and to provide
for stability and posture within the body.
Each skeletal muscle within the human body must generate a different force from a unique level of
tension in order to accomplish this remarkable feat. How muscles grow plays a dominant role within
the balance of this system. Each skeletal muscle is able to adapt to variable loads by increasing the
size and the amount of contractile proteins within the muscle fiber.
The Physiological Factors that Effect How Muscles Grow
In discussing skeletal muscle cell physiology it is necessary to introduce the role and interaction of
satellite cells, as well as provide an overview of the immune response and growth factor proteins. In
addition, to develop a more complete picture it is necessary to discuss cortisol, growth hormone and
testosterone. Each of these factors will help to expand our understanding of how muscles grow.
Satellite cells are not found in cardiac (heart) muscle tissue. Satellite cells are only activated when
skeletal muscle cells (fibers) are damaged. (6) Their

Effects Of Anobolic Steroids Essay
The Effects of Anabolic Steroids
You've all seen them, the enormously large muscle–heads at the gym, the participates of the World's
Strongest Man Competition, the amazing offensive tackles, and the lightning fast runners. They
were all unnaturally strong, and looked like gods. You tend to obsess over how beautiful their bodies
are, how strong they are, or how fast they can run. All you can think about is reaching that level of
athletic excellence, and nothing will hold you back. At times like these some people tend to take the
quick fit to get closer to their idols, in the form of steroids. But what individuals tend not see is the
horrible side effects that accompany the use of these anabolic steroids. These powerful drugs have
both ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When you think of someone who uses steroids, you typically picture someone who is massive, and
whose muscle mass is very well defined. A picture comes to mind of the giant bodybuilder, who is
so big he can't find any type of clothing that will fit the shapes and curves of his body. His thigh,
arms and chest are much too massive to fit into any type of normal clothing. He has to rely on a
tailor to make clothes that fit the proportions of their body. But at the same time this physique
allows him to squat with his car on his shoulders. The possible growth and development is amazing.
With much less work necessary, the results can be astounding. Athletes can get bigger, stronger and
faster, with less effort than they could put forth before. The limits of athletes potential with steroids
seem to be unbounded. These are the positive aspects to the use of steroids. One study showed that
as much as ten pounds of lean muscle could be gained by a mature adult using steroids over a year's
period. The resulting size and strength increases would be greatly more easier attained than without
use of steroids.(Taylor pg. 45) Also, the type of body structure that may males are looking for can be
easily obtained through the use of steroids. Large pectoral muscles, as well and big biceps and a

An Experimental Study On Physiology
By learning physiology one can gain knowledge about how the various processes in the body critical
for survival work, and basic daily functions of life. By learning how a muscle contracts, and how
muscles increase circumference through exercise someone who is looking to achieve a muscular, or
lean exterior can manipulate various exercise in order to attain their desired outcome. Not only can
someone improve how they look by exercising, but they can improve their ability to complete an
exercise, endurance, and strength. In our physiology Lab class room we used our knowledge we
learned in class to supplement an experimental study for various exercises. In this study we set up
the experiment, so that we could see our progress over a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For days 8 to 21 we established our intervention also known as the treatment. For these two weeks
our group added a practice phase to our experiment. So, we incorporated 3 sets of ten sit–ups then
timed the number of sit–ups per minute. Each member of the group computed the mean number of
sit–ups for these two weeks. To conclude our study for the last week days 21 to 28 we established
our new baseline without an intervention. From these guidelines we predicted that our group was
would gain strength throughout the course of the study. Our group predicted that we would all gain
abdominal strength substantially during the intervention period. Therefore as a result there will be a
significant change in our average sit up count per minute on days 21–28. As a result we established
a hypothesis based on the intervention phase of our study: If we perform three sets of sit– ups a day,
then the maximum number of sit–ups we can complete in a minute will increase. This experiment
was designed so that our hypothesis could be tested. For one we set up our sit–up method. The type
of sit up used in our study was the military sit–up. According to army.com the proper way to do a sit
up involves lying flat on the floor with your knees bent at a 90 degree angle (Army.com). Someone
must hold your ankles this stabilizes the person further (Army.com). Then fingers should be cross
together

The Aging Process Essays
The Aging Process As we grow in to adulthood, many things start to change in our life. Aging is an
unavoidable process, beginning at conception and ending with death. The process does not proceed
at a uniform rate all over the body. As we age, the organ systems of individuals age at different rates.
Our body gradually slows down in early adult life. These changes are not apparent until perhaps 50
years of age as they are not perceptible. The skeletal system gradually changes over the years until it
is porous and brittle, as the bones lose calcium and their density. This may be more pronounced in
women with menopause. These losses are multifactioral and involve age related changes (reduce CA
absorption, increased bone ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The thyroid gland often becomes lumpy (nodular). Metabolism gradually declines, beginning
around age 20. Parathyroid hormone affects calcium and phosphate levels affect the strength of the
bones. Some hormones are decreased, some unchanged, and some increased with age. Female
reproductive system has a number of changes. The cessation of menopause is an obvious sign of
aging. A transition period, called the climacteric, lasts for many years before and after a woman's
last menstrual period. Hormone levels change, physical changes in the woman's entire reproductive
tract, and psychological changes. The intricate relationship changes occur between the ovarian
hormones and those produced by the pituitary gland (in the brain). The ovaries stop releasing eggs
(ova), and menstrual periods stop. When hormone levels fall, the vaginal walls become less elastic,
thinner, and less rigid. The external genital tissue decreases and thins (atrophy of the labia). The
pubic muscles lose tone, and the vagina, uterus, or urinary bladder can fall out of position. A
prolapsed of any of these structures increases the risk of problems such as urine leakage. Decreasing
amount of estrogen produced by the ovaries may cause hot flashes, mood disturbances, headaches,
and sleep disturbances are common symptoms that occur during menopause. Male

Muscular System Worksheet
Body Organization and the Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems Worksheet Organ
Systems Label each of the structures, and describe the systems overall structure.
NumberSystemCharacteristics 1Integumentary systemProtects underlying tissues. Provides skin
sensation. Helps regulate body temperature. Synthesizes vitamin D.2Skeletal systemAttachment for
muscles. Protects organs. Stores calcium and phosphorus. Produces blood cells.3Respiratory
systemExchanges respiratory gases with the environment.4Nervous systemRegulates and integrates
body functions via neurons.5Endocrine systemRegulates and integrates body functions via
hormones.6Cardiovascular systemTransports nutrients, respiratory gases, wastes, and heat.
Transports immune cells ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Connective Tissue Label the parts of the organ or structure, and describe the structure and its
function. NumberStructureCharacteristics Function 1Areolar connective tissueWidely distributed
found under skin, around organs, between muscles.Wraps and cushions organs.2Adipose (fat)
tissueFound under skin, around kidneys and heart.Functions in energy storage and insulation
cushioning for organs.3Dense connective tissueFound in tendons and ligaments.Forms strong bands
that attach bone to muscle or bone to bone. Identify the location of each type of connective tissue in
a specific organ of the human body and describe the structure of each type of tissue as it is related to
its function. Connective Tissue TypeLocationStructure Adipose tissueFound under skin, around
kidneys and heart. LooseBlood Within blood vessels.FluidBone Skeleton.SolidHyaline cartilage
found at the ends of long bonesFlexibleElastic cartilageIs found in the external ear, where it
provides strength and elasticity.FlexibleFibrocartilage cushioning layer in the knee joint as well as
the outer part of the shock absorbing disks between the vertebrae of the spine.FlexibleDense
connective tissueTendons, ligaments.Dense What is the difference between a ligament and a tendon
A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. A ligament is a fibrous
connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and
keep them stable. What is the difference

Specialized Connective Tissue Analysis
There is another type of dense fibrous connective tissue called aponeurosis. Its tendon like and helps
anchor and move muscles. The structure is similar to tendons and ligaments, there are bundles of
collagenous fibers with lots of fibroblasts ("Aponeurosis", 2015). The fibers run in several
directions. In the knee joint the interosseous membrane of the leg is an aponeurosis that creates a
space for the vessels to run through. Specialized connective tissue consists of bone, cartilage, blood
and adipose tissue. When looking at bone as a tissue we see that it is composed of an extracellular
matrix, a variety of cells, and minerals (Dunleavy, 2015). The extracellular matrix is calcified, and
most of the fibers are type 1 collagen. Almost all ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2015). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/science/aponeurosis
Basic Human Anatomy (R. Swenson, Ed.). (2008). Retrieved October 14, 2015, from
https://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/part_3/chapter_15.html
Dunleavy, M. (2015). Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Knee Joint. Retrieved October 8,
2015, from http://www.yale.edu/ynhti/curriculum/units/1985/7/85.07.06.x.html
Leslie, G., & James, H. (2007). Chapters 5–9. In Color Textbook of Histology (3rd ed., pp. 85–185).
Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier.
SEER Training Modules, Cell Structure. U. S. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer
Institute. 08 October Year (2015) http://training.seer.cancer.gov/.
Taylor, T. (1999–2015). Knee Joint. Retrieved October 6, 2015, from
http://www.innerbody.com/image/skel16.html#full–description
Taylor, T. (1999–2015). Muscles of the Knee. Retrieved October 6, 2015, from
http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc09.html
Works Consulted
Behresns. (n.d.). Structure & Function of the Knee Joint. Retrieved October 14, 2015, from
http://www.mccc.edu/~behrensb/documents/StrucKneebjb.pdf
Merican, A., & Amis, A. (2008). Anatomy of the lateral retinaculum of the knee. The Bone & Joint
Journal, 90(4), 527–534.

Trauma Case Study Essay
Barely 30 years old, Mark, a rising Orange County management professional, has become an expert
in recovering from hip surgery as he completes his third, and hopefully final, rehabilitation program
following his latest arthroscopic procedure for a hip impingement.
Unfortunately for this life long hockey player his extremely athletic lifestyle, that included working
out and running competitively took a toll on his hips. Pain and weakness resulting from hip
impingements with labral tears and cartilage damage required surgical repair.
The first operation, on his right hip, in 2007, was done with an "open" procedure. Three rods with
screws were implanted necessitating a three–day hospital stay and six months of recovery time.
Six year later, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is never easy having your life turned upside down because of an injury, and to be on your second
surgery at such a young age is even more frustrating, especially for someone who is used to his body
performing a certain way. I knew that the only way Mark would be successful was if he TRULY
understood the process and felt like he had some degree of control over the situation. Education and
knowledge really is everything in terms of therapy, but it's more than what I know, it's what the
patient knows and what they do with that information that matters, and Mark was the perfect
student."
The early phase of rehab was the most difficult since Mark was limited in what he could do. Special
attention needs to be given to the labrum, which already doesn't heal well, to ensure it was as stable
as possible. Once the acute phase passed, he could do more.
"Mark started to come around with his engagement in therapy and things started clicking for him,"
Jennifer said. "We had MANY conversations about how to make sure we were doing this the right
way, so he could get back to everything he wanted to do. At the end of the day every patient has the
same goal getting back to their life! By the end of Mark's rehab, he was killing it! He was able to
run, jump, go the gym and live his

Thomas Test
Thomas Test During the Thomas test, the patient is lying supine (Face up) on the table, the examiner
is standing besides the patient. The examiner places one hand between the Lumbar lordotic curve
and the table top. One leg is passively flexed to the patient's chest, allowing the knee to flex during
the movement. The opposite leg which is the one being tested rest flat on the table. If the test is
positive for hip flexor tightness, the involved leg rises off the table. The structures being implicated
in the test are the Iliopsoas muscles, and tightness of the rectus femoris (Starkey & Brown, 2015).
Another modification that can be applied to this test is to measure the hip position goniometrically
or the patient can passively flex the hip ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But they are also less comfortable to the patient because they might not be able to performed this
test without pain. They are also more likely to perform it wrong if not properly instructed
(Anderson, 2007). The modified Thomas test is a little more difficult to applied because the patient
has to be supine while sitting by the edge of the table then bring the leg to his chest while trying to
lay down. While the regular Thomas the patient is supine and then actively bring his knees to their
chest. but according to (Anderson, 2007, p. 19)"The results show that the Thomas test demonstrated
poor statistical reliability for intra and inter–rater comparisons among examiners". They are saying
that the results will vary depending how the examiner interpretates

Lisfranc Research Paper
The term "Lisfranc" refers to the tarso–metatarsal articulation. These injuries may include sprains,
fractures, and/or dislocations. The term was coined from the name of the French field surgeon
Jacques Lisfranc, who first discovered the amputation technique through this joint. Lisfranc injuries
are rare (0.2% of all fractures) and commonly missed. Approximately 20% of all Lisfranc injuries
remain undiagnosed. Although there is low incidence and prevalence, overlooked Lisfranc injury is
cited as one of the most common reasons for malpractice lawsuits against radiologists and
emergency medicine physicians. These injuries occur in an area whose bony anatomy is not clearly
visualized. Lack of a properly diagnosing the injury and delayed treatment

The Effect Of Enzyme Succinate On Different Types Of...
Determining and understanding the enzyme activity in different types of Oncorhynchus mykiss
muscle (heart, white and red) by comparing rate of reaction (V) of the succinate to the substrate
concentration [S] Emily Reside 0785150 Lab Section 104 January 29th 2015 Introduction
Understanding the activity of enzymes in different muscle types can aid greatly in obtaining more
information about other processes such as metabolism of the tissues (Anderson et al., 2012). There
are many different methods in order to achieve this information based in two different major
categories but the most convenient method is one called continuous assay. This process includes the
use of a spectrophotometer to continuously monitor the assay. This method allows for an easy way
to calculate the initial rate of reaction as one can establish time points easily. In the lab performed
the continuous method was used in order to determine the measurement of the activity enzyme
succinate dehydrogenase (SDH). SDH is most commonly found in mitochondria. It is present in
many different muscle tissues including the heart, red, and white tissue. In the following lab the
enzyme was tested and measured in these three muscle types in the Oncorhynchus mykiss in order
to determine which type contained the highest and the lowest activity. This enzyme is involved in
multiple processes such as involved in both the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain (ETC)
(Smith, 2014). Its role in

Diet And Exercise Of Living A Healthy Life
Jessica Gourneau
Professor Vanderlinde
English 101
8 November 2015
Diet and Exercise Many people struggle with living a healthy life or struggle to know what exactly a
healthy life means. Having good diet and exercise habits are an important part of living a healthy
life. Just because someone may look fit and healthy, does not mean they are healthy. In fact, they
could be just as unhealthy as an obsess person. This is also the same for someone who may not look
like they are healthy. Even if they are overweight, they can still have a clean diet and a healthy heart.
The only true way to determine if someone is living a healthy life and eating properly along with
getting the right amount of exercise is by taking a closer look at their activity level and diet. The
foundation to staying healthy is having a good meal plan. There are many different factors to
consider when customizing a meal plan for someone. Their age, existing health issues, and the
amount of activity are some of the main factors. For example, a younger person who is physical
active will not have to limit their diet as much as someone who is older and is not physical active.
The average person should aim for 6–11 servings of grains, 3–5 of fruits and vegetables, 2–3 of
dairy and meat, and also limit the amount of sugar and fats. This is a good base for someone to start
off with until a meal plan can be written specifically for them. Even though diet is the most
important part of living a healthy

Muscular Dystrophy Challenges
All people have come across challenges, some challenges can be conquered and some of them
cannot. My challenge was given to me when I was born and that challenge is a disability called
muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that cause continuous
weakness of the muscles, so in other words I lose strength as time flies by. I started to notice
weakness in my early childhood, when I was ten years old. An example of me noticing my disability
starting to kick in was when I was running for physical education, and I felt like I was connected to
a parachute. As the years went by things that took physical strength started to get harder. For
example, running, walking, lifting objects, and getting up off of chairs. I was diagnosed with
muscular dystrophy when I was about thirteen years old. This disability is a challenge for me
because it gets in the way of me doing many things that other people with the strength can do. This
challenge has prevented me from doing many types of movements. Since I do not have the average
strength I need help doing a lot of doing certain types of movements. An ... Show more content on
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It was a quarter of a semester long project in my art class. The objective of the project was to create
a replica of a building with a certain type of architecture. My group and I came down to a decision
and we choose Egyptian architecture and we based the replica on the Temple of Horus. Since I was
the leader for this project that meant I had to create the measurements and assign the group members
and I on what to do. Not only that I was the quick thinker so if anything went wrong I came up with
a solution quickly. An example is when the measurements of a side of the building did not matchup,
so what I said is to just place a side that does met the measurement requirements and outline it and
cut it out again. This is by far the best opportunity to show my leadership

Anatomical Script of the Squat Technique Essay
Introduction
The squat technique is described as the King of all exercises (Bompa, 2002) as it is an effective
exercise that works a variety of muscles including the gluteals, hamstrings, quadriceps and
abdominals. This report focused on the lower limb muscles only. Understanding different types of
movement is important for sport and exercise to help rehabilitate injuries of athletes. Coaches and
trainers may find understanding the squat a good way to prevent injuries as it is an excellent way to
build the muscles of the lower limbs.
The four main phases of the squat technique are the starting phase, the downward phase, the holding
phase and the upward phase. The aim of this report was to fully understand the squat technique. This
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The hamstrings contract eccentrically acting as the synergist and help the flexion of the hip to occur.
The Rectus femoris of the quadriceps contract eccentrically to help flex the hip, they are co–
contracting with the hamstrings. The hip flexors may contract rapidly to stabalise the body on the
way down if there is a loss of balance (Wynsberghe et al., 1995). The adductor longus, adductor
brevis and adductor Magnus contract isometrically to prevent adduction and abduction. The
Sartorius muscle contracts eccentrically to cause flexion and abduction at the knee. The sartoris
originates from the anterior superior iliac spine and inserts onto the tibia. The adductor and abductor
muscles at the hip joint contract to prevent movement that may cause injury (Tortora and
Derrickson, 2009).
Knee
On the downward phase flexion occurs at the knee, stopping at about 90 °. Both quadriceps, acting
as the agonist to flex the knee, and hamstrings, which mainly stabilizes the knee, act as an
antagonistic pair and co–contract eccentrically to allow flexion. The hamstring is also acting as the
synergist for the hip joint (Tortora and Derrickson, 2009). The Sartorius acts as the synergist and
also contracts eccentrically to cause flexion at the knee (Wynsberghe et al., 1995).
Ankle
On the downward phase dorsiflexion occurs at the ankle, the tibialis anterior acts as the synergist in
this movement and contracts concentrically (Seeley et al., 2003). The extensor halluces

Skeletal Muscle Research Paper
Skeletal muscle
This is the muscle which covers the bones. Human body contains over 400 skeletal muscles. 40–
50% of total body weight. It is soft muscle. Most are attached by tendons to bones. It is attached to
skeleton by strong and directly connected to rough patches of bones. Muscles are striated and have
visible banding. It works voluntary.
Some skeletal muscles in face are directly attached to skin this helps in facial expression.
Contraction helps in pulling the tendons on the bones that causes movement such as extension of
arm, breathing, cycling, typing and writing. In breathing not only it helps for inhale and exhale but
also laugh, sneeze and cough. Generate heat as a byproduct of muscle activity. It maintains of
posture. The gluteal

How Muscles Vary In Size And Shape
Muscles vary in size and shape for particular reasons, first of all that variation of shapes and sizes
truly facilitate different movements in our body and provide different amounts of endurance and
strength. To give an example, our mouth serves an important role in our body, it lets food/water
inside and also maintains unnecessary guests on the outside by closing, without such muscles like
those in the mouth being in a circular shape they wouldn't be able to contract as efficiently to close
and open the mouth opening. Muscles are shaped based on the movement/role by which they are
meant to produce, shape goes hand in hand with function. In the human body there are 5 types of
different muscle shapes, each allowing for particular movement to occur. The 5 types of muscle
shapes are parallel, circular, convergent, fusiform, pennate. ... Show more content on
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For the most part parallel muscles are long and tend to produce large movements, while they are not
that strong they have a good amount of endurance. This particular type of muscle is the most
abundant in the human body, some examples of parallel muscles include the Sartorius, which is
perhaps one of the most well known in this category and my personal favorite the
sternocleidomastoid.
Circular muscles also as their name suggests have a circular shape they are also known as sphincter
muscles, they usually surround openings in the body and produce movement that close such
openings among contraction. Most common examples of circular muscles are the muscles that
surround the mouth and orbicularis oculi (surround the eyes).
Convergent muscles have origins that are wider than the point of insertion, the particular way its
muscle fibers are arranged allow the muscle to produce high levels of force production. One of the
most well know of such muscles include the pectoralis major, the

Physical Therapy Essay examples
According to the Bureau of Labor and Statics, in 2008, there were about 185,000 practicing Physical
Therapists. It is predicted that in year 2018, there will be 241,700 practicing Physical Therapists
(Bureau...). A physical therapist is a healthcare professional that can diagnose and treat a person.
Physical therapists work with people of all ages that have a problem or disease that limits their
ability to perform daily tasks. To become a physical therapist, you need either a Masters of Physical
Therapy or a Doctorate of Physical Therapy. There are 212 accredited physical therapist programs.
Of those, 203 are doctorate programs and nine are masters. However, starting in the year 2016, The
Commission on Accreditation in Physical Therapy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is predicted that by the year 2020, more than 40 million people in the world will have this
progressive neurological condition (Morris 579). This disease occurs when the nerve cells that
create dopamine are slowly destroyed. Without dopamine, the nerve cells in that part of the brain
cannot properly send messages and it leads to a loss of muscle function (Kantor 3). The goal of
physical therapy for people with Parkinson's Disease is to help them perform every day activities
with the disease. Walking is one of the most common difficulties people with Parkinson's Disease
encounter, and is one of the areas physical therapist spend a lot of time with. One way physical
therapist help their patients walk is by using visual cues. An example of a visual cue is white lines
on the floor spaced at step length. Another area of concern that a physical therapist would address is
turning around. An elderly person without Parkinson's Disease can do a 360 turn in fewer than six
steps. A person with Parkinson's Disease usually needs to take twenty steps. A physical therapist
would address this by training the person to concentrate in a larger arc of movement and to use a full
body movement (Morris).
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, there are more than
700,000 strokes every year, and about two–thirds of these individuals survive and

Describe The Process Of Doing Squats
The process of doing squats involves a process of using muscles in bottom half of the torso. There
are primary muscles in doing squats which are the gluteus maximus, quadriceps, and hamstrings.
The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle in the body and covers each buttock. The origin of this
muscle is the sacrum, coccyx, and ilium. The insertion is the posterior surface of femur and fascia of
the thigh which helps to extend the thigh at the hip. The gluteus maximus helps to straighten the
limb at the hip when a person walks, runs, climbs, or squats. In the quadriceps femoris group there
are four muscles called the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius.
The rectus femoris muscle occupies the middle of the thigh ... Show more content on
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The next quadriceps muscle is vastus lateralis which is the largest part of the quadriceps on the
lateral side of the femur and the origin is the greater trochanter and posterior surface of the femur.
Another, muscle is the vastus medialis which is on the medial side of the femur. Lastly, the vastus
intermedius is on the anterior and lateral surfaces of femur. The insertion of these muscles is the
patella. All these muscles helps extends leg at the knee. The last primary muscles are the hamstring
group which contain the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, and sartorius. The
biceps femoris has two heads, one attached to the ischium and the other attached to the femur. This
muscle's origin is the ischial tuberosity and linea aspera of femur, while the insertion is the head of
fibula and lateral condyle of tibia. This muscle flexes and rotates the leg laterally and extends the
thigh. The semitendinosus is another muscle in the hamstring, it's a long, bandlike muscle on the
back and medial side of the thigh, connecting ischium to the tibia. It flexes and rotates the leg
medially and extends the thigh. The semimembranosus is the third hamstring muscle and is medially
located in the back of the

Essay on Benefits and Effects of Different Types of Training
People often think that bodybuilding is the best way to show off muscle strength. Instead, there are
smarter ways to gain strength and show off strength and it can be done in more effective ways than
straight weight lifting. In this report, I will show the benefits and effects of different types of
training. Strong muscles, being essential to good health, can be built and toned through many
different forms of exercise. Three primary methods of strength training are traditional exercise,
alternative exercise and other miscellaneous methods of training. Traditional exercise is mainly
things that you will find at your normal gym like weights, treadmills and other common equipment.
Alternative exercise includes group classes and sports. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Trainers can also give you exercises to do without any equipment at all, so you can do them at
home. Another thing that trainers do is mix pieces of equipment, like making you use weights while
on an exercise machine. Also, if personal trainers are too expensive or hard to get, group classes are
a great option. You will get most of the same exercises, just in a group environment. Group classes
are also great because you can be inspired t(o work harder, faster, more frequently, etc.) by other
people in the class. Alternative exercise is another option for muscle strengthening. Good forms of
alternative exercise are group classes. The classes do not necessarily need to be group exercise
classes, there are many other classes available that will strengthen you. Yoga is one of those classes.
Yoga not only stretches your muscles out so they have more room to grow, you also usually work in
a warm or hot environment, which makes your muscles work harder. Yoga involves balance,
concentration, and relaxation. These things are all necessary and relevant to muscle strengthening
because if you do too much strengthening in a short amount of time, like a week, you could possibly
get injured. Pilates is another class that is great for strengthening. Pilates is a strengthening class that
works smaller, but essential muscles in your body. Pilates also has lots of great core exercises
involved. Another form of group classes is martial arts. Martial arts makes your body work in many

Muscular Endurance
Muscular endurance is very important for people playing sports and who have to sustain an activity
for long periods of time. Muscular endurance is determined by how well your slow twitch muscle
fibers are developed. In case your wondering what slow twitch muscle fibers are, I will explain.
There are generally two types of muscle fibers in your body, slow twitch and fast twitch. Slow
twitch muscle fibers cannot exert as much force as fast twitch, but can sustain an effort over a much
greater period of time. Fast twitch muscle fibers can exert a great amount of force but for a very
limited amount of time. Therefore, slow twitch equals endurance, while fast twitch equals strength.
It is important to pay attention to muscular endurance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Again, a circuit training set up is suitable for this type of resistance training.
Muscular Endurance – Long Term
"Long term" muscular endurance is suitable for continuous, steady–state events such as the
marathon, triathlon and rowing that last beyond 2 minutes. Light loads are used so that exercises can
be sustained for a prolonged period. Rest periods are kept to a minimum and ideally the athlete
should progress so that the only rest between exercises is the time it takes to move between
equipment.
PRINCIPLES OF MUSCULAR TRAINING
To have a good exercise program, the seven principles of exercise, described in Chapter 1, must be
applied to all muscular endurance and strength training. These principles are overload, progression,
specificity, regularity, recovery, balance, and variety.
OVERLOAD
The overload principle is the basis for all exercise training programs. For a muscle to increase in
strength, the workload to which it is subjected during exercise must be increased beyond what it
normally experiences. In other words, the muscle must be overloaded. Muscles adapt to increased
workloads by becoming larger and stronger and by developing greater endurance.
To understand the principle of overload, it is important to know the following strength–training
terms:
Full range of motion. To obtain optimal gains, the overload must be applied throughout the full

My Journey In My Life
I was always told that I could walk at a very early age. Back when I think about it I was always
running as a child. I could never keep still. I was placed into every sport imaginable played soccer,
baseball, basketball, volleyball, and even tennis. After I tried them I ended up getting tired of them.
The only sport I really stuck with was soccer but in time it faded too. After that, I started to notice
slight pains in my hips and I would usually walk with a limp. I went to the doctor on multiple
occasions to fix this problem however their answer was always the same, growing pains. Then I was
14 years old and I started my high school career. I went to West Springfield high school. I had
realized that I had just moved into a new situation in my life that I had completely no control over.
So, in an effort to find people to talk to and find some friends in my new environment, I decided to
join a club or a sport. However, after I thought about it I had nothing I felt I could properly assist in.
After much debate, I came to the conclusion of joining the crew or rowing team. I quickly made
friends with the other freshman that were wanting to try–out. After working on the rowing machine,
erg, I made it and so did my friends. Then came the hard part. Every day after school for five hours
we worked out tirelessly. There were blood, sweat, and tears that were shown during those
workouts. We did strength training to running miles to rowing two kilometers and running 3 miles to
even

Muscles And Trauma Case Study: Chinese Delivery
Matt may have had to do simple movements in order to get his Chinese delivery in a matter of
seconds, but what he probably is oblivious to is the various muscles and joints needed to do in the
simple act of opening a door.
To begin, Matt first had to stand from his sitting position, in order to go and get his food from the
delivery person. With standing, it is necessary to be in control and maintain a steady posture, or one
would constantly be landing on their face. While sitting, Matt is using muscles such as Quadriceps,
Fibularis Longus, Latissimus Dorsi, and of course; his Gluteus Medius muscles. With that, we see
there are many muscles just involved in the process of being in a sitting positon. Moreover, is when
Matt has to physically ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Next, Matt has to push up using all of his strength. Muscle used in this process are the Hamstrings
which flex the knee for movement, the soleus, which provides power to the ankle, and the Tibilias
anterior, which inverts the ankle. Now, Matt is finally in standing position. In this position, Matt is
using his Gluteus Maximus, one of the strongest muscles in the human body, and this allows for
movement of the hip & thigh. Also, Matt is using his Hamstrings, Soleus, and Tibilas anterior, which
very also used in other positions in the process of standing from sitting position. With all of the
different muscles used in this process of standing from sitting position, there were also various
nerves that inverted these muscles. For the Quadriceps it would be the femoral nerve, the Fibularis
Longus with the Peroneus longus nerve, the Latissimus Dorsi with the Thoracodorsal nerve, the
Gluteus medius which uses the superior gluteal nerve, and the gluteus maximus which uses the
inferior gluteal nerve, the Internal oblique which uses the both the iliohypogastric nerve and the
ilioinguinal nerve. Also, the Trapezius which uses

Skeletal Muscle Case Study
Wisdom Teeth
1.) Skeletal muscles are used to maintain body temperature. Each muscle contraction in the body
converts some of the energy into heat. The produced heat maintains the right body temperature for
normal functions (Martini).
2.) Mr. Stevenson's skeletal muscles must have been generating the most heat in his body due to his
increased heart rate and his muscle contractions. Halothane has been shown to set off a skeletal
muscle hypermetabolic state known as malignant hyperthermia (Cunha).
3.) Cellular respiration starts to speed up inside muscle cells to produce more ATP, the body starts
breaking down sugar, breathing in oxygen, and exhaling carbon dioxide at a faster rate while giving
off more heat at the same time. C6H12O6 + 6O2 –– enzymes & coenzymes ––> 6CO2 + 6H2O +
Release of Energy (≤38 ATP) + Heat (Kinartna). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The brain and spinal cord are also used. Sensory neurons carry instructions to the Central Nervous
System. Exteroceptors provide information from touch, temperature, or pressure (Martini).
2.) The Somatic Nervous System includes all the somatic motor neurons that innervate skeletal
muscles. The axon carries the message away from the soma and the dendrites receive the
information. Motor neurons form the efferent division of the PNS which deliver information from
the Central Nervous System to the peripheral effectors in an organ system or organ (Martini).
3.) The lower body is required to stand up while the upper body is for stabilization. The Iliopsoas,
Tensor Fasciae Latae, Sartorius, Adductors, Gracilis, Rectus Femoris, Vastus muscles, Glutes,
Biceps Femoris, Semitendinosus, and Semimembranosus (Marieb).
4.) Her medical problems are both related to her sensory neurons and her motor neurons. Her
sensory neurons are responsible for the lack of feeling in her legs or the numbness. Her motor
neurons are responsible for her inability to control her

Back Pain And Tendons
Back Pain and Tendons
The skeletal muscles supplies us movement, which is supported by the posture. Our muscles will
shorten, tighten, contract, and promote mobility. The muscles join with bones that attach to the
tendons. Once the muscles begin contracting, the muscles are stimulated and join the fibers through
our motor neuron cells. The nerves makeup axon, body of cells, dendrites, etc, and these elements
transmit impulses to the nerves, sending the impulses to the major components of our system, such
as Central Nerve System. The network joins with cells, fibers, muscles, etc, and conveys messages,
transmitting them through sensations that stop at the brain. The brain transmits signals that are sent
from motor impulses and carries onto ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, the coccyx lies at the bed of the second spinal column. Damage to this baby can lead to
serious problems, which the coccyx is non–supported. The coccyx creates the fused bones. The
fused bones reside at the baseline of the spinal columns. The bones in summary are the tailbone.
The coccyx is at greater risk than any other element within the skeletal structure, since the coccyx
can break easily from falls, thus leading to coccygodynia. Coccygodynia is a condition of the spinal
that can create damning pain. Back injuries and injuries to the neck can affect the airway, breathing,
and blood circulation. Some injuries require resuscitation.
Resuscitation is the process of clearing the airway. The act is performed by smoothly tilting the head
back and lifting the chin. The tongue is pulled clear so that air can travel to the lungs. If neck
injuries are present, you want to take extra precautions if resuscitation is necessary. Once you clear
the airway use your ear, placing it over the mouth and listen for breathing. You can also put the hand
over the mouth to feel breathe. If you cannot get results after testing for breathing, you will need to
test the carotid pulses located in the neck to check for

Level 3 Health and Social Care, Unit 5 P2
Unit 5 P2 Explain what they are, their functions and where they are found. Then go into detail about
two organs, with their functions, what tissues they are made of and where they are found in the
body. Tissues: Tissues are groups of similar cells that have specific functions. In this piece of work
I'll talk about these types of cells: Epithelial Tissues: Epithelial are the lining of internal and external
surfaces and body cavities, including tubes/channels (ducts) carrying secretions from glands.
Epithelial tissues can be made of several layers of cells (called compound epithelia), or a single
layer known as simple epithelia. The lowest layer of cells is attached to the basement membrane for
support and connection. Part of the basement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The matrix of a tissue can be secreted by the connective tissues within the body. The functions of
connective tissues are to transport materials around the body to give support to the weak areas to
protect and support the body. Body Organs: The body has different organs that work together and
they make up a system such as the Respiratory system, the cardiovascular system, the
musculoskeletal system and the nervous system. These are the main systems within the body and are
made up of individual organs that then work together. For instance, the respiratory system is made
of the nose, lungs, heart and this lets us breathe. Blood: Blood is a bodily fluid that transports
oxygen and nutrients to the cells within the body. Blood has plasma that lets the different types of
blood travel round the body. Plasma contains proteins that have different functions for the blood–
clotting, transporting and defence organisms and osmotic organisations. The plasma carries the red
blood cell which has a elastic membrane so it can fit through the small capillaries within the body.
Red blood cells can be also known as erythrocytes they don't have a nucleus when they are matured
which gives a bigger space for oxygen, although as there is no nuclei the red blood cells can't divide
so they only live for around 120 days. Red blood cells gain their colour from haemoglobin,
oxygenated blood which is known as arterial blood which flows through the arteries coming from
the heart and

Compression Garments
A Study of compression garments on enhancing performance in competitive athletes
1.0 Background Information 1.1 Trend and history of Compression Garment In an attempt to
enhance sporting performance, athletes seek various methods to improve their rate of recovery. A
popular trend observed is the widespread usage of compression garment (CG) during training or
competition [1– 4]. The origin of the usage of compression garments could be traced back as early
as 460 BC, when it was initially used as a form of treatment in human injuries [5]. 1.2 Studies
conducted on Compression Garment (CG) The first exercise–related research was conducted by
Berry et. al. (1987) to determine the effects of CG on blood lactate levels in the body. CG worn ...
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The literatures will be excluded if they involve clinical populations and studies that are not available
as free–text. The elimination of articles will be carried out using the inclusion and exclusion criteria
set, followed by the titles, abstract and lastly the full–text (refer to Figure 1).
Database search: Duplicates eliminated: Literature remaining:
Literature eliminated based on title:
Literature remaining after screening: Literature eliminated based on abstract: Literature remaining
after screening: Literature eliminated based on full text: Literature remaining after screening: Hand
Search: +
Total literature for review:
Figure 1: Literature search methodology.
5.3 Quality assessment Studies adopting a randomized controlled trial study design will be
categorised as the highest level of evidence, followed by cohort studies and case control studies.
This ranking was done according to Oxford Centre for Evidence–Based Medicine's levels of
evidence and grades of recommendation [14]. It helps to determine level of biasness of the study
and similarly allowing a better critical evaluation of it. Other criteria taken into consideration would
be the objective, methodology, findings of the study and the support from reference work with
respect to the findings obtained [13]. 5.4 Data analysis The data will be

Summary Study Guide: Inguinal Region: Femoral Artery
Study Guide
Inguinal Region – Femoral Region – Femoral Artery
Definations: Inguinal region n. The lower lateral region of the abdomen on either side of the pubic
region. Also called iliac region , inguen .
Inguinal means: of or relating to the groin. Pronounced: ing gwuh nl
The femoral artery and vein is the second most frequently used set of vessels for arterial embalming.
It is located in the proximal upper third of the thigh between the hip and the groin. It is a good
alternative to the carotid artery if it is not available because it is one of the major arteries in the
human body. If using your fingers as a guide,
Position your thumb anterior superior iliac spine.
Position your pinky finger at the tip of the pubic tubercle.
Locate the femoral vein under your pointer finger. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Or, make the opening directly over the linguini ligament or an inch or more inferior to the ligament.
Once the cut is made, dissect the fat and fascia then bypass the superficial great saphenous vein.
Locate the Sartorius muscle; the vessels are along the medial side of this muscle. When you place an
arterial tube into the femoral artery or vein and it is pointed toward the trunk and head of the body it
is actually placed into the external iliac artery/vein. This supplies the embalming solution to the
opposite leg as well as the body.
When you place an arterial tube into the femoral artery or vein and point it distal/toward the feet this
supplies the leg and foot with solution.
Injection will be in the femoral artery and drainage will be from the femoral vein (which is assisted
by gravity).
Thoughts: The femoral artery is large. Sometimes the size may fool you if you are expecting it to be
really, really big – it may be just as small as the carotid artery

Bio 151 List of Structures
Biology 115 Semester List of Structures Chapter One Anatomy is the study of body structure and
the relationship between structures Physiology is the study of how the structures of the body
function Levels of Structural Organization Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Homeostasis Positive feedback loop Negative feedback loop Relative Positions Superior Inferior
Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Bilateral Ipsilateral Contralateral Proximal Distal Superficial
Deep Body Sections Sagittal Transverse (horizontal) Frontal (coronal) Body Regions See Figure
1.17 Chapter Two Chemistry Matter Element Major elements Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen
Atom Subatomic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
s Flat bones Irregular bone Sesamoid bones Anatomy of a Long Bone Epiphyses Metaphyses
Epiphyseal growth plate Epiphyseal growth line Diaphysis Periosteum Medullary cavity Endosteum
Articular cartilage Microscopic Anatomy Compact bone Osteons Spongy bone Trabeculae Bone
Formation Intramembranous ossification Endochondral ossification Cells in Bone Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts Hormonal Control of Bone Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone
Osteology of the Axial Skeleton Frontal Parietal Temporal Zygomatic arch Mastoid process
Occipital Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Sphenoid Sella turcica Greater wing Lesser wing
Ethmoid Cribriform plate Crista galli Nasal Maxilla Alveolar process Palatine process Zygomatic
Zygomatic arch Lacrimal Palatine Inferior nasal conchae Vomer Mandible Condyle Coronoid
process Alveolar process Nasal septum Sutures Coronal Sagittal Lambdoid Squamous Pterion Hyoid
Verteba Body Vertebral foramen Pedicles Lamina Transverse process Spinous process Superior
articular process Inferior articular process Cervical vertebrae Atlas Anterior arch Posterior arch Axis
Odontoid process Thoracic vertebrae Lumbar vertebrae Sacrum Anterior sacral foramen Posterior
sacral foramen Median sacral crest Lateral sacral crest Coccyx Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid

3 Muscle Types
The three types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.
Tendons have fibers that may intertwine with the periosteum of the boe to attach the muscle to the
bone. Aponeuroses have broad fibrous sheets that may attach to the bone.
Epimysium is a layer of connective tissue that closely surrounds the skeletal muscle. Other layers
are called perimysium and separate the muscle tissue into small compartments. This arrangement
allows muscles to move somewhat independently.
A muscle fiber is a thin, elongated cylinder with rounded ends. Beneath its cell membrane, they
cytoplasm contains many small, oval nuclei and mitochondria. This contains threadlike myofibrils,
which are parallel to each other.
The neuromuscular junction refers to the connection ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Each of the cells making up the fiber have sarcoplasmic reticulums and many mitochondria.
However, the cisternae of cardiac muscle fibers store far less calcium, while the transverse tubules
are larger and release many calcium ions in response to muscle impulses.
The immovable end of a muscle is called its origin, and its movable end is its insertion.
The prime mover is the muscle that does majority of the actual moving, also known as the agonist.
Synergists are nearby assisting muscles that contract. Antagonists resist the prime mover's action
and cause movement in the opposite

Descriptive Essay About Dance
I have been enrolled in dance class since the age of two. Dance is my number one love. I love it
more than anything. So naturally I am going to college for a science major. I know, I know, you
were expecting this to be all about my love of dance, right? And you were expecting that this essay
was to be about how I am majoring in dance, but I left that part of my life behind for a world full of
osmosis and isotopes. I find myself in the middle of biology lectures and chemistry labs, which was
the last place anyone would believe me to be. When I was younger I used to be bribed by my
parents: the deal was no school equals no dance. With this deal came a certain grade point average
to dance class ratio. The two subjects have little to no correlation, yet I have been able to make a
personal connection between the two while sitting in an anatomy class in twelfth grade. I clearly
remember the occurrence of this breakthrough happening on a Monday morning due to the (tight
clutch/death grip) I had on my Contigo thermos. As (though/ if) it to be my only link to survival of
the present day. It beinging a Monday morning, I was barely paying attention to the world around
me, the teaches' words were drowned out as I zoned out passed her. I tried to chug my steaming
liquid to gain the caffeine component I so desperately needed. Mrs. Clapp droned on about an extra
credit assignment as I finished off the last of my coffee; also know as (as I also refer to as my) hot
bean water since I

Physical Therapy Case Study
Barely 30 years old, Mark, a rising Orange County management professional, has become an expert
on recovering from hip surgery as he completes his third and hopefully final rehabilitation program
following his latest arthroscopic procedure for a hip impingement.
Unfortunately for this life long hockey player his extremely athletic lifestyle that includes working
out, weight training and running marathons, took a toll on his abnormally shaped hip bones resulting
in labrum tears of the cartilage and hip impingements that required surgical repair.
His first surgery, on his right hip, in 2007, was done with an "open" procedure included three rods
with screws and required a three–day hospital stay and six months of recovery time.
In Sept. 2013, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Two days after a 17–mile run, he was stopped in his tracks with pain and weakness in the right hip.
"I couldn't believe it," he said. "My left hip was great and then out of no where I couldn't even run
one–half mile."
In April 2015, he was back in the operating room to repair the initial hip and shortly thereafter back
with Jennifer.
"Even though this third procedure repaired the initial surgery, the irony is my rehab this time, has
actually been the easiest," Mark said. "Obviously, I knew what to expect, but all of the work I put
into the last rehab, and the strengthening exercises I did for my hamstrings and lower body, has
made it nearly flawless. It is still going to take three or four months until I'm fully recovered.
Through this process, I have learned the importance of not pushing it and to rest. For an active
person, that is not always easy to do, but in the end makes all the difference."
Within two weeks of the third surgery, Mark was off crutches, able to drive, and back to work. Jen
add something maybe about when he could do weight bearing exercises or a few other

Essay on The Effects of Testosterone and Steroids
Anabolic–androgenic steroid is a family of lipophilic hormone that derived from cholesterol, which
includes the natural male hormone testosterone and its synthetic derivatives, such as nandrolone and
androsterone (Janjic et al. 2012; Basile et al. 2013). Testosterone is the principle molecule that
possesses both anabolic and androgenic properties, which semantically refers to the ability to
stimulate the synthesis of complex biological molecules and the growth of masculine characteristics
respectively (Quan et al. 2011). The supplement of testosterone has been used in medicine as an
effective treatment of hypogonadism or severe muscle catabolism since its discovery. However, due
to the poor efficacy in the form of oral medication and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, the same research postulates that testosterone inhibits the differentiation of
preadipocytes to adipocytes and, hence, reduces the fat cell formation. These research findings are
cohesive with the physiological fact that males with normal level of testosterone, in general, would
have lower percentage of body fat than females due a small amount of testosterone is produced in
ovaries and adrenal glands in females (Schanzer 1996).
Testosterone Effect on Muscle Synthesis
Studies have observed that the fat–free mass and the rate of muscle synthesis in both hypogonadal
men and eugonadal men is associated with levels of prevalent testosterone in the body (Bhasin et al.
2001; Sinha–Hikim et al 2004). One research also proves that the number of myonuclear and
myosatellite cells, the precursor of skeletal muscle, increase in direct correlation with the change in
total and free concentration of testosterone (Bhasin et al. 2003 and Sinha–Hikim et al. 2004). These
studies demonstrate that testosterone has a positive effect on myogenesis, a process of mammalian
skeletal muscle formation.
Sinha–Hikim et al. observe that testosterone induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy, increasing the size
of both type I and type II muscle fibers, by acting at multiple sites within the muscle through
multiple mechanisms (Sinha–Hikim et al 2004). Their study found that

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