The Emigration Of The United States

The Emigration Of The United States
While the United States were determined to expand across the North American continent by
exercising Manifest Destiny, there were a huge number of immigrants arriving into the nation. The
sudden increase of immigrants entering the country led to disputes over who was American and who
was a foreigner. Native–born Americans, specifically the nativist group strongly opposed the
massive influx of immigrants coming from all different countries because the nativists were anti–
foreign and anti–Catholic. These people were trying to form a distinction and limitation on who was
an American citizen with rights. In the 1850s, the Know–Nothing Party emerged as a reaction to the
migration of European immigrants. The Know–Nothing Party was a secret organization amongst
members but slowly became known to the public as another political party. This political party
resolved to limit foreigners and Catholics from participating in politics or holding any form of
power in society. Thus, the Irish immigrants were mainly targeted because of their religion.
Discrimination of the Irish based on religion demonstrates that British prejudices about the Irish and
Catholics carried over into the New Republic.
In the United States, like most immigrants, the Irish were doing all the low pay, manual, and
unprofessional jobs. The nativists were worried that the Irish immigrants were tarnishing the image
of urbanized country America was establishing at the time. The social status of the Irish was
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Northern Ireland
Diplomacy does not happen overnight, and the true tale of hardship and bickering over Northern
Ireland is proof of that. Ireland and England failed to agree on who held the power of Northern
Ireland for over 30 years until the Good Friday Agreement, a form of diplomacy between the
countries, took place. Before that time, many soldiers and innocent citizens of Northern Ireland lost
their lives. Religious fights broke out between Catholic and Protestant residents. Political figures
from countries like Wales and the United States came together to help put an end to the bitter
relations of the European countries (Delaney). After many years of hard feelings and failed attempts
at bringing peace to Ireland and England, the countries came ... Show more content on
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After one year, the death toll was 300, and after 10 years the number of people who had been killed
from the fighting was a gruesome 1, 932 (Holland 196). Many of the victims were innocent people
who were not partaking in the fights in any way. The killers of these innocent people were never
caught or punished (Graham). After several years of fighting Jack Holland expressed what he was
witnessing as "there has already been much crying about Northern Ireland" (Holland 1). Even the
governments were aiming their weapons at each other. The Irish Republic Army killed a British
soldier, creating a substantial amount of tension between the two countries (De Breadun). When the
end neared, Ulster Defense Association ceased to be an armed paramilitary group. They had been
responsible for many deaths over the years (Delaney). Several political figures from all parts of the
world were brought together over the ordeal concerning Northern Ireland. During the early 1990s,
British Prime Minister John Major worked with Ireland's Ahern to achieve peace between them. All
attempts at peace failed overall. United States President Bill Clinton worked with Ireland, Britain,
and Northern Ireland to acquire the peace they were hoping for (Graham). It was not until Tony
Blair became Prime Minister that things began to fall into place. Britain's George Mitchell held the
skill and patience necessary to help Northern Ireland peace talks lead to the Good Friday
Agreement.

The War Rule Of The 1870 's And 1920 ' S
It all took place between the 1870 's and 1920 's. Home rule was a huge part of the political life in
Ireland, which meant that the Irish Parliament would be restored for most issues, but the British
government would still cover many important areas (Conflict 3). The term Government Association
started to be used very frequently; Isaac Butt was the gentleman who founded this association. In
1873 this became known as the Home Rule League and in 1874 a general election was held where
fifty home rulers were elected to the Home Rule party also known as the Irish Parliamentary Party
(Irish 29). Butts ' goal was to get both Protestants and Catholics to support Home Rule as a
movement targeted towards giving Ireland a federal government within the United Kingdom. Butt
was not an aggressive leader and the people of Ireland did not feel he was fulfilling his job
completely. A man by the name of Charles Stewart Parnell challenged Butt and became the leader in
1880 (Charles17). The British people began to think that the Home Rule would lead to the
separation of Ireland and Britain. Parnell realized that the people did not like the British Rule and
this is what caused them to support Irish nationalism. In 1880 Parnell won the support of the Fenians
and the Irish Republican brotherhood that wanted total separation but were willing to compromise
and accept Home Rule. In 1881 the second Land Act gave the "Three F 's" which the Land League
had demanded. Fair rents would be fixed by judges

Essay on Fenian Movement
Fenian Movement
The word "Fenian" comes from Irish folklore. It is described as an ancient group of knights who
were independent and had a form of nationalism for their homeland of Ireland. According to the
legend, Irish rebels who were known as knights gave up a chance for world dominion by leaving
their country to keep Ireland alive, through their pride for the country. In 1848, a movement struck
in Ireland, to achieve independence from England by using force. The movement was led by a group
of revolutionaries called "Young Ireland." This movement was led by William Smith O'Brian. Also a
part of this group was seven other rebellious Irish leaders. The group influenced Britain's and the
United States' foreign and domestic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Death and famine were causing the people to suffer in Ireland.
Landlords were trying to find the problem to the deaths. Landlords knew exactly what to do. They
evicted hundreds and thousands of peasants, because the work was not getting done (Considine 76).
Unemployment was the view of the workers due to soldiers coming home from the Napoleonic Wars
and more people were dying from disease. As the farmlands of Ireland were being cleaned out, over
the period of time, emigration increased at an excessive rate. Many Irish residents left for America
and other English–speaking countries. During the famine, nearly one million people sought a new
and richer life in the United States. Ship owners crowded hundreds of Irish onto boats, later labeled
"coffin ships" (Ruddy 43). These ships reached port only after losing a third of their passengers to
disease, hunger and other causes. While Britain provided much relief for Ireland's starving
population, many Irish criticized Britain's delayed response and further blamed centuries of British
political oppression to underline the causes of the famine. As depression continued in Ireland, two
million more people left to seek this new life. But even leaving wasn't the cure. The Irish were
already stressed out due to the economy caused by its Poor Law System.
Due to the Poor Law system, the Irish people weren't

Symbolism In The Tollund Man By Seamus Heaney
Is there a specific image which can be attributed to the Troubles in Northern Ireland during the late
1960s and 1970s? The poet Seamus Heaney answers that there is one particular image and it is the
image of a 'bog'. In this essay, it shall examine as to why Seamus Heaney has used the imagery of
the bog as a symbol so that it can illustrate the political and also the religious troubles of Northern
Ireland during the late 1960s and 1970s. In addition, it shall employ the use of four of Seamus
Heaney's poems: "Bogland'; "The Tollund Man"; "Requiem of the Croppies" and The Grauballe
Man" to demonstrate as to how the use of the bog is truly an excellent symbol for the depiction of
Northern Ireland's 'Troubles'.
In relation to the Religious conflict which happened in Northern ... Show more content on
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Heaney is enlightened to find that there is a certain place in which he is able connect with make
physical connections between what transpired in the past and what events are currently occurring in
the future in Northern Ireland during the latter part of the 1960s and 1970s(Foster,1989, pp28).
In accordance with the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (2009), it is described as
preventing or stopping something from making progress. This statement can be used to as to why
Heaney has used this particular word in stanza 2, line 4 of "Bogland". Because of the fact the 'sights
of the sun" allows the ground to become hardened, in this manner it enables the Earth to prevent and
stop the history of Northern Ireland to be lost. Furthermore, Meredith (1999) testifies that Heaney
strongly believes that a great source of discovery of "Ireland's unconscious past" is through the
various types of natural lands such fens and most importantly bogs (King, 1986: Foster, 1989 as
cited in Meredith, 1999,

The Catholic Church in Developing the Identity of The...
The Republic of Ireland cannot be adequately examined without including the large role played by
the Catholic Church in political development and policy making. The Catholic Church has validated
itself as an influential institution since the Norman invasion of Ireland in 1169. The original intent of
the invasion served to spread the papacy, and with Ireland, the Church would come to achieve
arguably the most Catholic country to exist in the world. The Republic of Ireland evolved through
many centuries in order to achieve a true Irish State. The Anglo–Irish War proved significant in
achieving the latter goal by ridding the southern sector of Ireland from the centuries of grueling
oppressive rule and discrimination under Great Britain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
372). The Irish Republic Army, the IRA, was formed from 73 of the 105 Irish representatives that
held seats in the Westminster Parliament (Gray, 2008). This organization in turn created an illegal
Irish Parliament, the Dail Elreann, whom declared war on Britain that initiated the Anglo–Irish War.
The Irish Republic Army maintained two clear goals they were looking to achieve from the onset of
the war. The provisional government desired a complete separation from British rule in addition to
creating an Irish Republic free of any other influence (Gray, 2008, p. 376). The war illustrates the
birth of "modern guerilla war[fare]" which in the end arguably produced survivors in place of
winners (Gray, 2008, p. 371). Although the war ends diplomatically in favor of the Irish provisional
government, the newly established Ireland lacked unity primarily due to arguments over the treaty
they reluctantly signed. The continuous strive for religious freedom and ultimate desire for a united
Irish state, while an ideological goal, proved contradicting. Since the Northern counties of the Irish
territory were primarily protestant and heavily influenced by the Church of England it proposed a
problem of true unity, since the Southern counties of Ireland were overwhelmingly traditional
Catholics. Evidence exists for both religious freedom and Irish

Who Is Yu Ming's Identity?
The first section contains a brief summary of the short film that is going to be analyzed in this paper.
Yu Ming Is Ainm Dom, also known as My Name Is Yu Ming, is a 2003 short film, which was
directed by Daniel O'Hara. The plot is about a young Chinese man called Yu Ming (portrayed by
Daniel Wu) who wants to start a new life in Ireland. Soon after his decision, he begins to study Irish
which, according to the book in the library, is the official language in the Republic of Ireland. After
six months of learning the Irish language, he flies to Dublin and is thrilled to see signboards written
in Irish, which Yu Ming is able to understand. However, his attempts to communicate with local
people constantly fail as nobody understands Irish. Disappointed, ... Show more content on
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Thus, O'Hara's challenges with Yu Ming Is Ainm Dom the idea whether Irish people can be called
'Irish', although they do not speak the Irish language because, generally, speaking the national
language is part of one's identity. Yu Ming, who desires to belong to the Irish society, can be
described as more Irish because he is a qualified immigrant. He took the first step to immigration,
which usually is to learn the language. As a result, his knowledge of the language is much higher
than the majority of Irish citizens. However, his effort neither works nor contributes to integration
since almost nobody in Dublin speaks, not to mention understands, the Irish language. Barton (173)
says that "Yu Ming's knowledge of the Irish language allows him to integrate into the Celtic more
fully then into so called multicultural Dublin." This is why he moves to Connemara and forms a new
identity. Therefore, the supposition of language and identity as closely connected does not work in
the Republic of Ireland. With his film, O'Hara criticizes the narrow concept of national identity as
well as the fact that in Ireland, the national identity is not closely linked to the Irish

The Great Famine Of Irish Nationalism
French political leader Charles de Gaulle said that "nationalism is when hate for people other than
your own comes first," by this definition turning points in Irish Nationalism can be seen not as what
changed as in regards love for Ireland, but what changed hatred for the English withinin Ireland.
There are numerous significant turning points in Irish Nationalism; it could be argued that The Great
Famine is the largest turning point in Irish Nationalism as it encouraged independence through
means of violence as well as cementing a deep–rooted hatred of the English in Ireland. Equally, the
failure of the First Home Rule Bill can be maintained as the largest turning point as it led to the
decline of the liberals, Charles Stuart Parnell and constitutional nationalism. Alternatively, The First
World War can be judged as the prime turning point, mainly due to its short term affects. It split the
nationalists, which led to the Easter rising, and increased agitation over Home Rule.
It could be argued that The Great Famine was the utmost turning point in Irish Nationalism due to
the lack of action of the British Government, which left deep–rooted hatred for the English within
Ireland. Government expenditure for the famine equaled a total of £8 million, 3% of the total
government budget. The British Government stuck closer to a laissez–faire economic policy, which
is echoed through Charles Trevelyan who claimed that through relief "people grow worse instead of
better." The Irish

The Relationship Between Constitutional And Physical Force...
This analysis will look at how historians have attempted to explain the relationship between
constitutional and physical force nationalism/republicanism.
In the book Irish Peasants Violence and Political Unrest 1780 – 1914 editors Samuel Clark and
James S. Donnelly Jr. suggest, in the opening paragraph, that poverty related rebellion in Ireland
became commonplace during the late 18th and early 19th century that led to the ideas of a separatist
republic. These events gave rise to, at first, a constitutional nationalist party called The Society of
United Irishmen that sought parliamentary reform and to make this change they worked through
parliament before later becoming an armed revolutionary group. Focusing on this time period and
going on the writings of Clark and Donnelly it could be argued that the relationship between
constitutional and physical force nationalism was, at this time, a unified one ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Perry Curtis Jr. in his article 'Moral and Physical Force: The Language of Violence in Irish
Nationalism' points out that constitutional and physical force nationalism existed side by side in
Irish politics up until the Anglo – Irish Treaty of 1921. It appears that for a substantial period in
Ireland constitutional nationalism and physical force republicanism stood on equal ground until
people had an opportunity for their own parliament and then the physical force tradition succumb to
constitutional politics. Curtis also alludes to a point made earlier in this piece in how both nationalist
traditions shared similar goals despite having different approaches to the issue of British rule. Curtis
argues that the relationship between constitutional and physical force nationalism became ''bound in
a close and complex'' way that had the effect of increasing both the strength of nationalism and the
difficulties for Britain in dealing with the Irish Question. This relationship in question can be said to
be a bit unusual but worked out to be extremely effective for

As With Any Other Comparative Analysis, This Essay Will
As with any other comparative analysis, this essay will discuss the similarities between two
elements. The elements in this situation are the Republic of Ireland and the United States of
America. The three specific ways that these two countries can be compared are via: economic and
political outlook, social and cultural issues, and resources and work culture. Additionally, each
country is known throughout the world. Primarily because of their business structure. The first
factor that will be addressed is economic and political outlook. To begin one will address the
political outlook of these two countries, and with that comes the form of government. Both are
republics. With the United States being a "constitutional federal ... Show more content on
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1). Their duty is to speak to the government on behalf of a community and/or state. In the judicial
branch, both countries have a Supreme Court ("The World Factbook: IRELAND", 2017, Pg. 1).
Whose role is to hear legal cases of significant magnitude to the country and/or its citizens. One key
difference is that in Ireland the judges in the Supreme Court cannot "serve past age 70", whereas in
the United States the judges are appointed for life ("The World Factbook: IRELAND", 2017, Pg. 1).
Hence, the age of justices varies between these two republics. These three major branches of
government can also overlap at times to provide a peaceful resolution or to resolve active disputes.
Now for the economic outlook of these two countries. This comparing, and contrasting segment is
more difficult than the political outlook. Since, these two countries do vary quite significantly in
terms of population and size. For instance, Ireland's population as of July 2016 was just below five
million, which is incomparable to the roughly 324 million United States population ("The World
Factbook: IRELAND", 2017, Pg. 1). That means the Irish population could be added about 65 times
to reach the American population. However, these two nations do have some similarities. First, both
countries rely heavily on technology to propel their economic growth and expansion. For Ireland has
a "talented pool of high–tech laborers" and

Essay on The Easter Uprising of 1916
The Easter Uprising of 1916
The Easter Uprising of 1916 was an event that happened at the tail end of a long list of events that
would forever change Ireland. The Uprising or Rising, as some call it, took place mostly in Dublin
but was felt throughout Ireland. The point was to gain independence from Great Britain who had
ruled Ireland for the past couple hundred years. At the turn of the 19th century England believed that
Ireland had too much independence and made the Act of Union. "The result was the Act of Union of
1801: the Irish parliament voted itself out of existence and England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales
were formally politically unified for the first time" (Hegarty 2). Around the time of the First World
War, Ireland began ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Irish were promised the Home Rule Act, but it was taken away at the start of the Ester Uprising.
"This modest promise was swept away the Easter Uprising of 1916, when a small band of rebels
paralyzed the city and the Irish Republic was proclaimed from the steps of the GPO" (Hegarty).
Padhraic Pearse led about 2000 people into the Easter Revolution, only a small fraction of the
people that had lived in Dublin at the time. Most of the Irish were involved in World War I. "They
had little support – many Irish volunteers had joined the war effort and the rebels were perceived to
be traitors to the great cause" (Hegarty). It would take more violence and rebellion against the
British to bring attention to their cause both locally and abroad.
The Easter Rising led to the arrests of approximately 3500 people. Although more than half were
released after they were questioned; many received unfair trials or no trial at all. When the news
broke to the Irish public about the treatment of the rebels, they also found out that there were 15
fifteen secret executions, of the leaders of the Uprising. The tables began to turn away from the War
to the aid of the rebels as the truth came out. "The seven signatories of the proclamation of
independence ( Pearse, Connolly, Clarke, MacDonagh, MacDermott, Plunkett, and Ceannt) were all
executed to the outrage of the Irish

James Joyce Essay
In selecting James Joyce's Ulysses as the best novel of the twentieth century, Time magazine
affirmed Joyce's lasting legacy in the realm of English literature. James Joyce (1882–1941), the
twentieth century Irish novelist, short story writer and poet is a major literary figure of the
twentieth–century. Regarded as "the most international of writers in English¡K[with] a global
reputation (Attridge, pix), Joyce's stature in literature stems from his experimentation with English
prose. Influenced by European writers and an encyclopedic knowledge of European literatures,
Joyce's distinctive writing style includes epiphanies, the stream–of–consciousness technique and
conciseness.
Born in Rathgar, near Dubtin, in 1882, he lived his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Hauptmann's comprehensive version of the portrait of an artist helped Joyce develop his own
interpretation. A further clarification was provided by the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzche
(1844–1900). Joyce adapted Nietzsche's concept of the Superman in developing his portrait of an
artist. Although Joyce rejected the Catholic Church all his life, Reynords, in Joyce and Dante: The
Shaping Imagination clams that the Italian poet and the greatest of Catholic poets Dante Alighier
(1265–1321) "whose influence pervades all Joyce's writing is never cowed by authority"
(Attridge p. 56–57). Perhaps that is why Joyce was attracted to Dante's writing.
&#9;Of all his literary countryman, the only Irish literary who's left a profound impression on
Joyce was that Irish nationalist poet, James Clarence Mangan (1803–1849). In the short story
"Araby," Joyce pays tribute to the poet by naming the narrator's classmate, Mangan.
Joyce identified with Mangen because of his linguistic skill and knowledge of the literature of Italy,
Spain, France and Germany. Furthermore, Mangan was disdained by his Irish contemporaries––a
gesture Joyce considered an act of treachery.
&#9;Joyce's use of the stream–of consciousness technique first appeared record these
epiphanies with extreme care, "seeing that they themselves are the moments." (Kalasty,
p.199) Although all the stories

Protestant Propaganda
Protestant Propaganda
What do you think of when you hear the name Ireland? Ireland is a relatively small island off the
coast of Great Britain with a land area of 32,424 square miles (Delaney 2). There are several things
that you may associate with this country such as St. Patrick's Day, shamrocks, beer, and strife. The
source of the bitterness behind this conflict began centuries ago, when Britain came over and forced
Protestantism on the Irish Catholic inhabitants. For this reason there has always been an animosity
between the Protestants and the Irish Catholics. The island is broken up into two distinct regions.
The Republic of Ireland consists of twenty–six counties, which make up the southern ... Show more
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This event gave the Catholics yet another reason to dislike the Unionists.
The Unionists also used crooked politics to ensure Protestant control. One way of doing this was by
gerrymandering the political district lines. For example, one ward was ninety percent Catholic while
the rest of the Catholics were scattered about in Protestant wards (Golway 280). By dividing the
districts this way it made the Catholic votes virtually meaningless. Then, the Protestant controlled
government passed the Civil Authorities Act. This Act granted the government the right to search
homes without a warrant, impose curfews, and randomly arrest citizens even if no real crime had
been committed. The Catholics were the ones who were primarily oppressed by these laws. Other
laws limited the education of Catholics, restricted them from holding office, and they were also
discriminated against on the job. Protestants filled many of the positions leaving the Catholics
jobless (Golway 280). This policy of discrimination helped inflate the already high poverty rate in
Ire that they could feed their family, they also had to worry about curfews and being arrested for no
apparent reason. This is not right. The government should not be allowed to pass laws that would
help single out a certain minority. This is an example of how propaganda can be used in politics.
I do not agree with some of the methods used to spread

The War Of The Great War
Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, sentiments of nationalism in Ireland were
growing rapidly. For nearly thirty years debates about Home Rule in Ireland were prevalent in
Parliamentary discourse and over the course of these year, three different bills were proposed.
However, in 1912, the third Home Rule bill was passed in Westminster, only to be suspended upon
British entrance into the First World War. Irish members of Parliament that had been pushing for
Home Rule for many years finally saw their plans come to fruition, only to be stalled by the
outbreak of the Great War. This war was costly, and required significant support from the United
Kingdom and it's respective colonies. The actions of the British government helped to fuel radical
nationalist attitudes across Ireland, which led to the eventual Easter Revolution in Dublin in 1916.
The suspension of Home Rule and the increased sentiments of radical nationalism in Ireland that led
to this revolution were just the tipping point in the nearly century long struggle for sovereignty that
was granted to the Republic of Ireland in 1922. This essay seeks to explore the significance of
British entrance into World War One in provoking the Easter Insurrection of 1916, as well as outside
factors that may have impacted this violent clash of Irish nationalists and the army of England.
Within the paper, an argument is presented which states that while the British, in entering the Great
War did contribute to

The Rise of Irish Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century Essay
Discuss the significance of the political developments within revolutionary and constitutional Irish
nationalism from the period 1798 to 1867
Word count 1592
The nineteenth century was a revolutionary and constitutional period in Irelands history, that
somewhat shaped the Ireland that we live in today. This essay will explore the political
developments, within revolutionary and constitutional Irish nationalism in the period 1798 to 1867.
The late eighteenth century marked the beginning of what was to map Ireland's future through the
nineteenth century and to the present day. Ireland at this time was a deeply divided society.
Catholic's and Presbyterians made up eighty five percent of the population, yet they had no power
what so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ulster Protestants now came to regard the union as the essential basis for their prosperity. (Beckett
1981).
The first threat of nationalism after the union came in the form of an uprising by Robert Emmet.
Emmet had a poorly armed army and almost certainly knew that chances of success were faint. But
his rebellion was not about success. It was to remind everyone that 1798 was not forgotten and he
wanted to spur on the rebels in their quest against the British. Emmet was evidently captured and
sentenced to death. He did however have one small victory in his final speech. He requested that 'no
man write his epitaph until his county be free'. This speech had long lasting historical value,
motivating republicans and nationalist movements from then to the present day.
Daniel O'Connell became a great political influence in Ireland during the 1820's. He had a
significant effect on the political landscape in fighting for the rights of Catholics. He brought the
grievances of Catholic's to the forefront of constitutional Irish nationalism. The creation of Catholic
rent and linking politics with religion made great strides in his campaign for Catholic Emancipation.
O'Connell had always said that emancipation was only the first stage in his programme and that
repeal of the union was his ultimate goal. He didn't believe in the rebellions that went before him.
He always felt it was best to assert themselves politically rather than use

Guest Of Nation By Frank O Connor
Student's name
Professor
Course
Date
"Guest of Nation" –The imprisoned Guest The short story portrays how two Englishmen who were
held by the Irish Republic Army as captives. This story is divided into four sections; every section
addresses a different tone. In the first paragraph of the story 'Guest of Nation' captors become
friends and the lines of duty, humanitarianism and sympathy are blurred. However, even though
these lines become blurred in the end hostages remain hostages and captors remain, captors, as both
men are killed. This death leaves behind mixed emotions in two of the men and a sense of duty and
pride within the other. The first paragraph also talks about the good and friendly relationship
enjoyed by the English prisoners. The last two lines describe the nauseating effect the killing of the
two men brought to the Irishmen (O Connor1, 10).
In "Guest of Nation" by Frank O Connor, the main characters are Belcher and Hawkins who are
prisoners, Bonaparte, the narrator; Nobel is soldier Jeremiah Donovan. He is the officer in charge
and the old woman. In summary, Guest of Nation is set against the background of the Irish War of
Independence in Ireland. Two British soldiers are being held captive by Irish Republican Army
soldiers. The scene is set on a rural farm where there are banter and a sense of camaraderie between
the men (O Connor1, 10). This is evident as the story shows various arguments about politics and
religion and the playing of

Great Potato Famine Essay
The Irish Potato Famine occurred in 1845 and had killed tons of people. Over 750,000 people had
died and more than a million had emigrated. At the time Ireland's population was only about 8
million so this famine had devastated many families. The people of Ireland at this time were so
dependent upon the potato that it was a main staple. The Irish would consume the potato with almost
every meal, and for some the potato was the only food that they were ever able to eat. The famine
was produced by a protist called Phytophthora infestans (P. Infestans), when it was introduced from
central highlands of Mexico. The potato blight originated from Mexico, and then spread to America.
Since Britain and Ireland did many trades with America there ... Show more content on
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When the winters were harsher in the 1700s the Irish would use them for food in the winter, when
all other sources of food were scarce. Thanks to Ireland's weather conditions the potato was very
easily grown and could be produced in mass amounts. By the end of the 1800s the potato was a
main staple for the Irish and they would eat the potato as part of their daily lives. Eventually, the
poor people of Ireland would rely on the potato as their only food source. The land consolidation
laws forced the farmers to grow potatoes in a tightly packed space, as you don't need much room to
grow potatoes. A lot of potatoes good fit in one acre of land and could feed a family for a long time.
Since, the potatoes were all grown in one confined space the P. Infestans had a very easy time
spreading to each potato, thus resulting in P. Infestans spreading to different fields. "The pattern of
consolidation, making larger farms from smaller farms, increased competition for land and pressure
to acquire land." (p. p12.nysed.gov) Land consolidation was making the most effective use of space
for a farm. So instead of growing the potatoes properly spaced apart, they would be all jammed
together in tighter rows. Also, not much land was available so the land that was available was fought
over my English landlords. This led to much political debate in Ireland at the time, so instead of the
politicians contributing

Is Fergal Tobin's The Best of Decades an Accurate...
"The Best of Decades": Is this an accurate description of the 1960s in Ireland?
"The Best of Decades" is a somewhat accurate description of the 1960's in Ireland. Significant social
change took place in the areas of politics, the media, education and culture in Ireland during this
period. A new generation emerged who had limited tolerance for the conditions suffered by those
heretofore. Ireland had been engulfed in an economic depression during the previous decade.
Emigration and poverty were widespread setting a tone of misery and exasperation. (1) But this new
decade brought with it the idea of freedom: freedom to challenge previous ideals and to break
through the boundaries that had previously been set. 1960's Ireland was characterised by this
atmosphere of optimism and prosperity. (2) However what was perceived by many to be the "golden
era" was undermined by several bleak issues. Irish society was still very much subservient to the
Catholic Church during this period, while the late 1960's also marked the beginnings of "The
Troubles" as we know them today, a period of major civil unrest in Northern Ireland which lasted
for many years following and claimed the lives of many innocent people. (3)
A notable feature of Irish society in the 1960's was economic expansion. There was a prevalent
perception that Ireland had become isolated from European economic growth and that this had to be
reversed. The advancement of industrial and economic growth in

What Is Punk Music Of The 1970's?
That said, it is also clear that the protestant Northern Irish youth identified more closely with
Morrissey and British politics than they did with their Irish republican neighbors to the south. Punk
and pop music were the sound of the Troubles for many people in Northern Ireland, not the
traditional types of music that the Republic of Ireland clung so tightly to. This interplay with regard
to economic advantage is certainly visible in Northern Ireland during The Troubles. The minority
Catholic community had restricted access to both materials and audiences for their messages as a
direct result of poverty, which was in itself a result of discrimination. Gregory Goalwin discusses
this briefly by saying that "job discrimination practiced by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Which is not to say that an effort was not made. For example, the lyrics to their song "Anarchy in
the UK" run rampant with lines like "Is this the MPLA? Or is this the UDA? Or is this the IRA? I
thought it was the UK, Or just another country." The MPLA refers to the The People's Movement
for the Liberation of Angola, the UDA refers to The Ulster Defense Association (a paramilitary
vigilante group formed in Northern Ireland), and the IRA refers to the Irish Republican Army. By
using the abbreviation "UK" for the United Kingdom, Sex Pistols lump the entire nation in with
extremist

The Paralysis Of Eveline
Eveline faces a difficult dilemma: remain home like a dutiful daughter, or leave Dublin with her
lover, Frank, who is a sailor. Eveline Hill sits at a window in her home and reminisce the times
when she as a child played with other children in a field which now has been developed with new
homes As Eveline was trying to make a major decision whether or not to move to Buenos Ayres
(escape) with Frank. She holds two letters, one to her father, one to her brother Harry. She begins to
favor the sunnier memories of her old family life, when her mother was alive and her brother was
living at home. She thought back of the moment she promised her mom that she will put all her
dedication in maintaining this home. And she reasons that her life at home and doing all of those
chores are hard, but perhaps not in the worst position – her father isn't always mean, after all. This
memory is also important for another reason as it suggests that a bond (or connection) still remains
between Eveline, her siblings and her father. Despite how her father treats her, Eveline still feels
connected to him. This pushes her to escape from the fate and embark on a new phase of life.
Eveline's action, of dusting every week for so many years is significant as it suggests repetition,
doing the same thing, which in turn would suggest a paralysis within Eveline. It is also significant
that the dust remains. This suggests that no matter how much Eveline does while at home nothing
will change. Appears

Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the...
Ireland Starves and Lives to Tell: The Effects of the Great Potato Famine
"It must be understood that we cannot feed the people" (Kinealy Calamity 75). The mid 1800s in
Ireland were characterized by extreme poverty, death, and emigration. The Great Potato Famine,
also known as "The Great Hunger," first hit in 1845; however, its effects lasted into the 1850s and
can still be seen today. Prior to the famine, Irish manufacture and trade was controlled and
suppressed by British government, which made Ireland an extremely poor country. Farmers in
Ireland were forced to export crops such as corn, wheat, and oats to Britain, which left the potato as
the main dietary staple for the people, especially the poor. Therefore, when ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
However, in 1847, a new rule called the "Quarter Acre Clause" was passed under the poor law
which stated that "only people who occupied less than a quarter acre of land were now eligible for
relief" (Kinealy "Politics" 3). In order to receive assistance and feed their families, people
surrendered their land and were rendered homeless.
The total number of those who lost their homes due to poverty in Ireland during the famine did not
even compare to the amount of lives lost in those dreadful years. Deaths due to malnutrition and
disease were immense. The exact total of deaths is still unknown to this day (Kinealy 167). "The
number [ . . . ] has been calculated as lying between half a million and one and a half million"
(Kinealy 168).
People died from a variety of causes, relatively few from actual starvation. Most were felled by
relapsing fever, typhus, dysentery, and cholera–their vulnerability to these diseases exacerbated by
hunger, inadequate shelter, overcrowding in workhouses, and hard labor on relief schemes (Kinealy
"Politics" 2).
Over the years of the famine there was a large decrease in fertility and marriage along with
extensive emigration, which caused a decline in the Irish population for many years to come. "A
reduction in income leads young adults to postpone or forgo marriage entirely,

Irish Immigration To Canada Essay
Irish Immigration to Canada
The Irish began immigrating to North America in the 1820s, when the lack of jobs and poverty
forced them to seek better opportunities elsewhere after the end of the major European wars. When
the Europeans could finally stop depending on the Irish for food during war, the investment in Irish
agricultural products reduced and the boom was over. After an economic boom, there comes a bust
and unemployment was the result. Two–thirds of the people of Ireland depended on potato harvests
as a main source of income and, more importantly, food. Then between the years of 1845 and 1847,
a terrible disease struck the potato crops. The plague left acre after acre of Irish farmland covered
with black rot. The failure of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Famine also prompted new trends of immigration, hence shaping the histories of both North
America and Britain. It also called for an urgent political change in the Irish system (the Irish
Republic resulted).
When the first ships arrived on the ports of Canada, quarantine shelters that were prepared for
emigrants became so overcrowded that military tents outside shelters were used temporarily. The
tents were often floored with wooden boards and patients were supplied with cots. These tents
provided adequately during fine weather, but provided insufficient protection when it was cold and
damp. Gradually, as more emigrants arrived, even the tents became overcrowded and emigrants
were forced to sleep without shelter on bare ground with no cover except for the clothes they wore.
The desperate need for accommodation prevented their immediate removal from quarantine vessels.
Their confinement on board caused emigrants to contract more disease that was spread further as a
result of lack of ventilation and lack of medical aid on ships as doctors and nurses were desperately
needed at hospitals. The overcrowded sheds were unsuitable for hospital services, and, despite the
number of complaints about the conditions of quarantines, nothing could be done. More hospitals
were built, but remained unfinished, as carpenters refused to complete construction for fear of
disease. Yet more emigrants who already suffered from disease were suffering from

A Developed Country As The Most Socially Progressive States
Also, I would prefer to focus on a developed country as the most socially progressive states have the
most influence in the global market and are often compared with the United States. Ireland, an
island of 27000 square miles and a population of 4.6 million is ranked 6th in HDI as of 2014, proves
to have a high degree of development, on par with Germany and ahead of the US (at 8th). This is
reflected in Ireland's healthy social progress and economic efficiency. The GDP per capita is
~$45,000 with only ~5% of the country's population below the poverty line compared to 15% for
the US. Ireland is also also a very peaceful country and ranked 11th for income equality with a 34.3
GINI (2013). Throughout the history of Ireland, the country and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Widespread trade commenced in the period starting in 2500 BC to 400 AD with the population
consisting of various different rival groups, called the Celts, who shared a polytheistic, pagan
religion. This religion influenced stories and mythology surrounding the ancient monuments and
their use. Shortly after the year 400, St. Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland, which remained the
dominant religion while many Celtic traditions were retained. During this period, a change in
religion and the fall of the nearby Roman Empire, Ireland enjoyed prosperity, but was invaded by
the Vikings. They plundered some of the newfound riches and treasures but also established Dublin
and many other important cities, such as Wexford, Waterford, Cork, and Limerick. This control by
the vikings ended around 1200 when the Normans (from modern day France) invaded and
conquered England and Ireland, establishing a lordship which began the next several hundred years
of British rule. By 1600 much of this dependency was in the form of plantations controlled by
Britain, and in 1641 a rebellion was staged by the protestant colonists. Similar conflict continued
into the 1700s, and hundreds of thousands of people died during the first major famine of Ireland in
1740. A second uprising took place in 1798, shortly after which Ireland was formally joined with

The Guests Of A Nation
Friend or Foe The relationship between the Irish and the British can be compared to the cartoon
"Tom and Jerry. " For instance, the British are these powerful domineering people Vs. Ireland,
which consists of small farmers but prideful. This takes place during the Irish war of independence,
a blood bath between Irish freedom fighters against the almighty British military. In the beginning of
the story, "The Guests of a Nation." Two British soldiers, Hawkins and Belchor have been abducted
by the Irish Republic Army(IRA). They are being guarded by Noble and Bonaparte on a rural farm
being kept by a old stubborn women. Days and weeks pass and strangely, a friendship emerges.
They start to play cards together a couple of times everyday. ... Show more content on
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Arguments arise due to the extreme cultural differences. Most of the time its between Hawkins and
noble about about religion and capitalism. Hawkins believes there is no god and noble tries to prove
Hawkins wrong. They also talk about the war and how tired they are of fighting. Bad news arrives
with the presence of the superior officer, Donovan. Donovan is aware of the disgusting relationship
that has developed. Donovan explains to Bonaparte that the prisoners are actually hostages and they
must be executed in retaliation due to the British executing three Irishmen, including a sixteen year
old boy. Bonaparte and Noble feel sick to their stomachs because now they have to execute their
new friends. Rather than becoming upset about the execution commissioned on their three Irish
brothers. All men walk into the dark night to meet at the two grave sites noble has dug. Upon arrival
Hawkins goes ballistic stating to noble he was sorry for making fun of his strong believes and wants
to fight side by side with noble under the Irish flag but is shot twice. Belchor, a man who has only
spoken a handful of words in those weeks opens up like a oyster. Belchor talks his head off and
realizes its hopeless and is

Essay about Honored Irish Immigrants
For many people, the American dreams and promises brought ideas and new hopes of a better life.
For the Irish, the American dreams and promises weren't just ideas and hopes, they were the way to
a new beginning in America, a way to start over and forget the horrifying past they encountered. The
Irish struggled day after day to pay for fair travel to America. To many people, the challenge the
Irish overcame seemed to deserve praise. Today, the Irish are honored and commemorated for their
hard work and desire for a better life.
The start of the Irish' peoples struggles began when the British came and destroyed their way of life.
The Penal laws of 1691 stripped Irish Catholics of their freedoms by taking away their rights to
become officers ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People worried about the potato crop. At first, the potatos seemed fine, but after further examination
the potatos were rotten. In October of 1845, Britain's Prime Minister, Sir Robert Peel, established a
scientific commission to discover over half of Irelands potatos had been ruined by "wet rot." The
potato crop failed time and time again. Irish people began to lose hope in receiving better living
conditions, but the shipping lanes opened to America after they had been closed by the war (Philip).
Irish began to think of the American dream and promise.
The American dream and promise changes a nations state of mind. It originally comes from the
Declaration of Independence. The promise is "all men are created equal, that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain unalienable Rights." The dream: "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness." All of which were things the Irish desired (Pendry).
According to Philips, between 1815 and 1816, around 20,000 Irish traveled to the Americas. These
emigrants were mostly professionals and shopkeepers, because farmers couldn't afford travel. Over
the next two decades shipping fees continued to have outrageous prices, but between 1823 and 1825
more people, such as the merchants and farmers, were able to travel because free passage and land
grants were allowed to Catholics. The largest emigration was in 1827 when nearly 400,000 Irish
traveled to the Americas on Coffin Ships; overcrowded ships filled

Proclamation of the Irish Republic
RAÚL MUÑOZ RODRÍGUEZ
CORREO – E: irokuoiraul@yahoo.es
rmunoz62@alumno.uned.es
COMMENTARY TEXT
Proclamation of the Irish Republic, 24 April 1916
"Proclamation of the Irish Republic" was one of the more important aspects in the Easter Rising. It´s
a historic – circumstantial text. In order to maintain secrecy the Proclamation of the Irish Republic
was printed out on a hand press a few hours before the Rising. It was produced in two sections and
due to the shortage of lettering, the letter "e" had to be improvised, standing out for the rest of the
text.
Easter Rising has a special meaning for the Irish people. The Rising was an insurrection located in
Ireland during Easter Week, 1916. It was held by Irish republicans with ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For the insurgents, it was understood that just real independence would give Ireland the "happiness
and prosperity of the whole nation and of all its parts". This gives the attempt to independence a
triple sight as political, social and economic change, showing some of the Proclamation´s writers
socialist principles.
The events after the rising would change Ireland forever. Two weeks after the insurrection was over,
all seven writers of the "Proclamation of the Irish Republic," Clarke, MacDiarmada, MacDonagh,
Pearse, Ceannt, Connolly, and Plunkett, were executed. Irish and international reaction to this
manner of punishment was horror and disgust. Executions excited a big wave of revulsion against
the British authorities and turned the dead republican leaders into martyred heroes. The Easter
Rising signed the end of British power in Ireland.
The Easter Rising became a turning point in the Irish history. It was the flame for the following
Declaration of Independence of January 21, 1919 and it fractured the Irish politics in
Constitutionalism and Militantism. Sinn Féin, Irish words for "Ourselves alone", became the most
influential political party in Ireland. The party was founded in 1905 by Arthur Griffith, a Dublin

journalist. Although Griffith himself did not take part in the Rising, many Sinn Féin members did.
They were also members of the Volunteers and the Irish Republican Brotherhood. After the Rising,

The History of Language is a Story of Possesssion and...
'The history of language is often a story of possession and dispossession, territorial struggle and the
establishment or imposition of a culture' (Paulin 1987: 178).
'In the simplest definition language contact is the use of more than one language in the same place at
the same time' (Thomason 2001: 1). Language contact arises when two or more languages interact
closely, thus allowing each language to have an effect on one other (Weinreich 1968: 4). Hiberno–
English, as one of the oldest variations of English, expresses various properties which are distinctive
to Ireland. It also conveys interesting attributes in utilizing the contrasts within English in general. A
great deal of these attributes demonstrate the interacting impact of colonization from Scotland and
England, giving rise to components from British dialects, in addition to components now deemed to
be no longer in use in British English and the shift of components from the Irish language. In
association with the linguistic results of language contact being predictable from patterns of social
interaction between speakers of different languages, Irish and English are not considered to be
predictable on any level. The English being expressed in Ireland nowadays is an outcome from the
impact of the interaction between both the Irish and English dialects. In this paper I will discuss
language contact in relation to Hiberno–English............ Hiberno–English, also frequently described
as Irish English, is the

Digging Seamus Heaney Essay
''One of the first functions of a poem, after all, is to satisfy a need in the poet''
(Seamus Heaney)
In his essay Poetry, Language and Identity: A Note on Seamus Heaney, Kearney writes that Heaney
''has been criticised for refusing to adopt a fixed unambiguous position, for not nailing his colours to
the mast, particularly about the national question (i.e. his attitude to his native North)''. Although not
disputed, Heaney's poetry maintains an objectivity that neither condemns nor accepts the turbulent
past of his native Northern Ireland. He is an observer of the separation of ideals, religion, and
national identity that occurred throughout his life.
In this essay, elements discussed will be Heaney's identity as a Catholic republican growing ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Perhaps the only incident to demonstrate Heaney's patriotism was his response to the editors of The
Penguin Book of Contemporary British Poetry in 1983. In Open Letter, Heaney rhymed ''Be
advised, my passport's green/ No glass of ours was ever raised/ to toast the Queen''. His reaction to
being included as a British poet, gave him the opportunity to acknowledge proudly his Irish
heritage, yet he made light of the situation by incorporating a rhyme of 'green' and 'Queen'. All
Heaney ever wanted was to ''be socially responsible and creatively free'' (Redress of Poetry, p193).
He was able to achieve this in later life, and it manifested itself in the poem, ''Exposure'' from North
(1975). The move south to Wicklow was a personal decision, yet Heaney worried if he could
produce material as illustrious as when living in the heart of his homeland. He was no longer a
representative of the North, writing ''I am neither internee nor informer/ An inner émigré, grown
longhaired/ And thoughtful'' (32–34). It is a self–reflective poem, almost part of a life cycle of his
work. In ''Digging'', he contemplated what type of poet he could be, and in ''Exposure'', he reflects
on his past life and work, and how he can realign his new life

Culture And Culture Of Ireland
INTRO This paper will take a look into the culture of Ireland by taking a look at the five
characteristics of culture. The first section will cover the history of Ireland to illustrate the
connection of a country's struggle and their learned culture. I will attempt to communicate some of
the key aspects that connect an individual culture to the region of the world it inhabits in the second
section. In the third section, I will discuss the language and art of the land will be discussed to draw
lines to the symbols a culture is founded upon. The fourth section of the essay is dedicated to the
characteristic of culture being made up of many components. This is illustrated by the
ethnicity/racial, weather, terrain, and military breakdown of the country. The final section will be on
the dynamic characteristic that interacting cultures learn, develop, and transform due to their shared
contact and friction. Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs,
values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of
the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of
generations through individual and group striving. Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a
relatively large group of people. Culture in its broadest sense of cultivated behavior; is a totality of a
person's learned, accumulated experience, which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior

The Analysis of Catholicism and the Artist Essay
James Joyce's novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man" illustrates the confused state of a
generation split by religious divergence and thus lack of ability to evolve towards modernism. With
the incorporation of Protestant belief and ceremony by the English, traditional Catholic faith within
Ireland was challenged with alteration. This abrupt integration of Protestant worship illuminates the
strange inability of a post–English Irish culture to advance into a modern more "spiritual" world,
mostly unrestricted by religious philosophies. Joyce illustrates how Irish culture has been ripped
apart by its own faith, not by that of the English. Through the incorporation of an opposing faith,
England created a sense of alertness within the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, it was not long after that Henry would enforce a systematic four step process aimed at
bringing him more power over the Roman Catholic domination in which he had dissociated himself
earlier in his life. Such process started with the infiltration of a large British army of 2,300 soldiers
into Ireland, followed by the killing of all men within the Fitzgerald family. Furthermore, in 1536,
Henry enforced the Reformation upon Ireland, hoping to create a Protestant province loyal to the
Crown. And in 1541, whilst declaring himself King, Henry specified that all lands were to be
submitted to the Crown only to be returned if owners pledged their loyalty. Following King Henry's
reformation, Ireland underwent a series of misfortunes which daunted its most devote Catholics. In
1608, King James I allowed Protestants to take over catholic lands, in 1690 the battle of Boyne took
place, marked by William of Orange's conquering over Catholicism, 1692 brought with it laws
against catholic voting rights, the physical practice of the religion and ownership by its followers.
And within the years of 1845–49, those whom conjured the strength to stay devote would challenge
the existence of God when one million perished by way of the Great Potato Famine. In an almost
inevitable manner, after hundreds of years of suppression, the Easter Rising

The Lack Of Positive Peace
The lack of positive peace in the GFA is a major problem for the overall well–being of Northern
Irish society in terms of an integrated vision off Ireland. In this context, Gatlung's positive peace
process must include aspects of religious, cultural, economic, and civilian rights for Catholics in a
primarily protestant culture. This defines some of the superficialities of the GFA as a legislative and
institutional agreement, which do not reflect a more positive long–term peace process that integrates
Protestant and Catholic Irish into a more homogenous form of Irish identity. More so, the protestant
identity is a barrier to the democratic process that allowed all Irish person to chose their own
nationality through the legislative process. In this manner, the results of a positive peace process are
very narrow within the application of GFA principles of governing within a "constitutional"
framework.
Political progress also tends to assume that the problems of Northern Ireland exist purely on a
political level and can be resolved via electoral arrangements. Yet much of the research suggests
social, cultural and economic differences that divide the population may be beyond constitutional
resolution (Duffy & Dingley, 2007, p.50).
In Gatlung's perspective, the positive peace process should include many of the social and economic
variables of the GFA, but these are clearly not being implemented into the civil society of Northern
Ireland. This makes the changes toward Protestant

The Irish Easter Rebellion 1916 Essay
The 1916 Irish Easter Uprising
Ever since the occupation of Ireland by the English began in 1169, Irish patriots have fought back
against British rule, and the many Irish rebellions and civil wars had always been defeated. To quash
further rebellion, the Act of Union was imposed in 1800, tying Ireland to the United Kingdom of
England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Laws discriminating against Catholics and the handling of the
Irish Potato Famine of 1845–50 led to increased tension and the proposal of introducing Home Rule
gained support.
In 1913 there was a general strike of workers in Dublin led by James Connolly of the Irish Transport
and General Workers Union (I.T.G.W.U.). This action was followed by the 1913 Lock–Out during
which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
...they have left us our Fenian dead, and while Ireland holds these graves, Ireland unfree shall never
be at peace.
It was a call for a blood sacrifice in order to free Ireland from British rule. In organising an uprising,
the funeral was proof that the Volunteers could organise when secretly directed by the I.R.B. and on
St. Patrick's Day (17th March), Connolly took his Citizen Army on a tour of key Dublin sites which
could be used as strategic strongholds during an uprising.
However, there were many difficulties in organising and executing such a rebellion and one thing
the rebels needed were weapons. Sir Roger Casement had organised for a shipment of as many as
200,000 rifles to be smuggled into Ireland on a "neutral" German freighter, the Aud. But when
Casement arrived in Ireland on a German submarine he was arrested immediately and the freighter
was intercepted by the Royal Navy and scuttled itself. Another attempt was made to gain large
quantities of arms and ammunition during the actual uprising from the arsenal at Phoenix Park
known as Magazine Fort. However this was not very successful and the rebels seized only a few
rifles.
Throughout the organisation of the rebellion, Eoin MacNeill, leader of the minority Volunteers had
to be kept in the dark about the I.R.B.'s plans because he believed that his Irish Volunteers should
only rise in arms if a British

Irish Restaurant Concept
Food & Beverage Management Concept Name: Irish Restaurant Table of Contents:
Introduction 3 * Concept Development 3 * Restaurant Concept 3 * Vision, Mission, and Goal 4 *
Target market 4 * Location and Demand Analysis 5 * Degree of Competition 6 The Restaurant 8 *
Food and Beverage Selections 8 * Theme and Decorations 9 * Point of Differentiation 9 * SWOT
Analysis 10 Team Members 12 Restaurant Menu 13 HACCP–Based Standard Operating Procedures
33 * Personal Hygiene 33 * Receiving and Storing 34 * Preparing and Cooking 36 * Serving ...
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This makes it a center of businesses, meetings, and conventions. Moreover, the city is very compact
and the transportation makes it very easy to travel around. Because of its diverse environment,
Geneva is the most ideal place to open an international food restaurant such as Irish restaurant.
Moreover, it is easier to operate an Irish restaurant in Geneva than other cities in Switzerland.
Employees in the city are also used to working with people from distinct backgrounds. Another
benefit is that people in Geneva tend to equally accept other national customs as the local's. It will
be less difficult to promote international food in such city than those which are hardly exposed to
multi–cultures. In fact, more than 1,200 cuisines are from all over the world (Republic and State of
Geneva: Department of Economy and Health, 2009). Not only does Geneva have high potential
demand due to its high traffic, but also it consists of many groups of people whom the Restaurant
can penetrate. The demand of the Restaurant can be categorized into two groups, the locals and the
tourists. To clarify each group, the locals are people who reside in Switzerland and the tourists are
those who travel from other countries. Among the locals are many Irish people. Number of Irish
associations, for instance the Geneva Irish Association and the Irish Folk, indicates that there are
specific or direct groups of demand for the Restaurant. According to the Embassy of Ireland,

What in your view was the short term significance of...
What in your view, was the short term significance of Michael Collins?
Michael Collins played a major part in Ireland's History, in the years 1916–23. He had a short but
political life where he had increasingly been involved in events such as the Easter Rising, Anglo–
Irish War, Treaty Negotiations and the Civil War. Although he was only active over a relatively short
period of time, his significance in such events was profound. His public image changed throughout
the years, from one of the UKs most wanted men to a reasonable politician. In 1916 during the
Easter Rising his role was relatively low key, but by 1922 he ultimately gave his life in the Civil War
for what he believed in.
Michael Collins took part in the Easter Rising in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The canteen staff in Frongoch described Collins as 'highly respected' and when they took problems
to him he 'always listened logically'4. This helps us understand Michael Collins' short term
significance because he learnt from the military blunders made; such as the seizure of indefensible
and very vulnerable positions like St Stephen's Green5 and filled the vacuum made by the
executions of the leaders of the Rising. Likewise, Frongoch would have been different without
Collins as the internees wouldn't have been able to hold out and the Irish wouldn't have developed
such a fighting force. It's a useful source because they were employed to work in the Frongoch
canteens so they are indifferent to Collins, which gives this source a high weight of argument which
can be generalised to how others must have seen him who weren't closely involved with him. Then
again, as it is written so long after, it can be doubted On the contrary, the source was wrote over half
a century later, so it's questionable how far someone can precisely remember what the canteen staff
thought about Collins.
Michael Collins had many responsibilities after leaving Frongoch. He was appointed Finance
Minister and is described as 'the unlikely Finance Minister who proved himself an administrator par
excellence.'6 Collins produced a Finance Ministry that was able to organise a

Benedict Anderson’S Book Is One Of The Most Cited And In
Benedict Anderson's book is one of the most cited and in its field. "Indeed, no single phrase occurs
as widely and frequently in the literature on nationalism as 'imagined communities'. It is not always
attributed to its original creator – testimony to its wide acceptance and adoption," (Desai: 183).
Imagined communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism was first published in
1983 and revised and reissued in 1991, 2006 and 2016. The book became very influential and
debated after its first publication, the author later clarified some parts of the book as reaction to
critiques and added several chapter as a reaction to the claimed end of the era of nationalism in
connection to globalization.
Most people nowadays think of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Religion differences between the inhabitants, most of the original population were Catholics, lead
over the centuries to the division of two ethnic/nations on the Ulster territory – protestant and
catholic. After the partition of the island in 1921 the southern part declared independence, however
the Northern Ireland territory remained a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. The conflict between ethnic/nations sharpened itself, because most of the Catholics wanted
to united the island under Irish rule (the republicans), while protestants wanted to remained unified
the Great Britain (the unionists and the loyalists). At the end of the 1960's the conflict turned itself
into a violent one and the attacks and killing continued for the next thirty years during the period
called „the Troubles." The conflict was settled by the end of the 1990's with a contribution of the
governments of the Republic of Ireland, the Great Britain and the US.
Why do I call groups in the Norther Ireland "ethics/nations"? Most authors, especially European
ones, use the term ethnics to label different groups in Northern Ireland based on their similarities –
social, linguistic, religion and national experiences. However, I believe that groups in Northern
Ireland can be adequately called nations based on Anderson 's definition. One of the groups striving
for the reunification of

Northern Ireland : The Five Basic Characteristics Of Culture
There are approximately 7.4 billion people in this world. We are all different in many ways and
defined by our culture. According to the Marriam Webster Dictionary, culture is 'the customary
beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group' (Marriam Webster
Dictionary, 2017). The word culture comes from the Latin word cultura meaning cultivate (Latin
Dictionary, 2017), or promote. Our minds are refined with common traits and beliefs that we
perceive to be true and accepted by everyone. Being an American, we have learned to accept all
people from all over the world, however we were never introduced to the details of ones' culture.
While each culture is different, there are five basic characteristics that each share: learned, shared,
symbolic, integrated, and dynamic. (The Five Basic Characteristics of Culture Video, 2017).
Although there are many cultures in the world, Ireland is the country that seemed to be the most
interesting.
Ireland is an island comprised of mountains, lakes, and grassland that is well visited by many people
from other countries. (John O'Beirne Ranelagh, Robert Walter Dudly Edwards and Others, 2017)
This 302 mile stretch of land is home to 1.8 million Northern Ireland Residents and 4.8 million
Republic of Ireland residents. (Google, 2017) The climate and precipitation are predominantly
beneficial to the grasslands. The terrain and climate are important to their crops and large livestock
population as Ireland is

The Culture Of Ireland : Five Basic Characteristics Of...
Culture of Ireland
There are approximately 7.4 billion people in this world. We are all different in many ways and
defined by our culture. According to the Marriam Webster Dictionary, culture is 'the customary
beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group' (Marriam Webster
Dictionary, 2017). The word culture comes from the Latin word cultura meaning cultivate (Latin
Dictionary, 2017), or promote. Our minds are refined with common traits and beliefs that we
perceive to be true and accepted by everyone. Being an American, we have learned to accept all
people from all over the world, however we were never introduced to the details of ones' culture.
While each culture is different, there are five basic characteristics that each share: learned, shared,
symbolic, integrated, and dynamic. (The Five Basic Characteristics of Culture Video, 2017).
Although there are many cultures in the world, Ireland is the country that seemed to be the most
interesting.
Ireland is an island comprised of mountains, lakes, and grassland that is well visited by many people
from other countries. (John O'Beirne Ranelagh, Robert Walter Dudly Edwards and Others, 2017)
This 302 mile stretch of land is home to 1.8 million Northern Ireland Residents and 4.8 million
Republic of Ireland residents. (Google, 2017) The climate and precipitation are predominantly
beneficial to the grasslands. The terrain and climate are important to their crops and large livestock

How The Diaspora Helped Violence Essay
How the Diaspora helped Violence Having established the motives for the Diaspora aiding the
nationalist, now it needs to be analyzed what the diaspora actually did to aid the nationalist
movement. The aid can be broken down into three categories, financial, political and physical aid.
The first and the biggest being financial aid and this type of aid was collected by members of the
Irish Diaspora in the US then given to various different nationalist groups. Seldom was the money
given to violent groups like the IRA but instead was given to other groups and in turn led to the
purchasing of arms or goods and stuff like that which the IRA could use. One of the major
organizations that did this was Noraid or Irish Northern Aid. The true purpose of Noraid dealt with
arms smuggling and fund raising and thus were closely aligned and allied with the IRA(Brian
Hanley 2004:1). The support for Noraid in terms of funding can be tracked in the same exact way
that the general diasporatic support can be tracked. The hunger strikes of 1980–81, in which IRA
prisoners staged a hunger strike to protest conditions in their prison in which a few of them died,
was monumental in the history of Noraid because it led to not only an increase of donation which in
turn were given to IRA and groups like it but it also changed the image of Noraid in the US. It led to
an increase in membership and made the organization less radical which meant that it year by year
would have generally more memberships and

The Cultural Differences Of Irish Identity And Individual...
Many countries and people from different parts of the world established individual identities
throughout the course of the twentieth century which greatly impacted globalization. Identity relates
to self–image and is crucial for the development of culture. "A person's identity is defined as the
totality of one's self–construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the
continuity between how one construes oneself as one was in the past and how one construes oneself
as one aspires to be in the future, " (Weinreich, 1986). The way that people view themselves in the
past, present and future can alter the course of history for generations and dictates international
relations for years to come. Globalization, or the way that people interact with one another whether
through ideas, culture, money or socially is dependent upon preserving individualism which has not
proven to be the easiest task to master. The cultural differences related to the Irish living on the
British Isles, the Basque population in Spain, Serbs under Ottoman rule, as well as Moroccans under
French control can still be felt in many ways today and have impacted people and nations around the
globe.
Analysis
The Irish have a longstanding history of struggle when it comes to establishing identity and
independence. As we witnessed with Irish immigrants coming to the United States in the 1800s,
difficulties were experienced in the British Isles which created a sense of tension and brought about

The Emigration Of The United States

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