6. America was departing from white protestant cultural consensus causing fear and led to restrictions on immigration; the Ku Klux Klan in the north and movie industry.
7. The French “Crazy Years” coinside with the American Roaring 20's and began to influence eachother.
24. Jazz reflected the modern mixture of black & white America of both rural & urban settings.
25.
26. Provoked controversy in Europe; banned in Italy; Germans protested the presence of U.S musicians; and the archbishop of Paris banned provocative dances.
29. The early years of postwar reconstruction brought immigrants from France's African colonies for labor force and to increase population during a scare of declining numbers.
30. American modern influence and the primitivism of la musiqe negre threatened the culture and heritage of France.
31. French racial attitudes towards jazz became a debate, some embracing its rhythm, sensuality and racial qualities. Others feared it to erode France's national identity and racial degeneration.
34. The 1960 Pan-Africanist Congress launched a campaign of civil disobedience against the pass laws ended with the massacre of 69 unarmed protesters at Sharpeville.
36. The American Civil Rights Movement started with the Montgomery bus boycott of 1955-56.
37. Leading to the Civil Rights Act of 1964 outlawing Jim Crow Laws and gave blacks access to the ballot box.
38.
39. Nelson Mandela, leader of the South African movement to end apartheid, was a non violent protester who turned to violence after the ANC was outlawed.
40. Non violent movements were inspired by the works of Mahatma Gandhi who used non violent action in the struggle for Indian Independence from British control.
41. Martin Luther King joined the black Christian culture of his own with the Gandhian conception of non violent resistance to empower his followers and disarm the opposition of many whites.
42.
43. The Cold Wars ideological struggle against totalitarianism made Americans anxious to prove that democracy was color blind.