Climate Change is the defining issue of our time. From shifting weather patterns that threaten food production, to rising sea levels that increase the risk of catastrophic flooding, the impacts of climate change are global in scope and unprecedented in scale. Without drastic action today, adapting to these impacts in the future will be more difficult and costly (United Nations).
CLIMATE CHANGE presentation is prepared by Meena A S for school and collage students and teachers for easy understanidg of the concept, its causes, effects and solutions.
20. What is Climate Change?
The modification of Earth’s climate due to changes
in the atmosphere and interactions between the
atmosphere and other geologic, chemical,
biological, and geographic factors within the Earth
system
21. Small changes in global-average surface
temperature entail large & consequential
changes in climatic patterns.
Difference between an ice age & and
interglacial is ~5°C
22. Certain gases (greenhouse gases) in the atmosphere block
heat from escaping and acts as a thermal blanket for the
Earth, absorbing heat and warming the surface to a life-
supporting average of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15
degrees Celsius).
Greenhouse effect
23. The main cause of the current climate change
trend is human expansion of this "greenhouse
effect”
27. Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Released through natural processes
Respiration
Volcano eruptions
Human activities
Deforestation
Land use changes
Burning fossil fuels
Industrial processes (cement, steel etc)
A minor but very important component of the
atmosphere (long lived)
28.
29. Methane
Second major contributor to climate change next to Carbon
dioxide
Released through natural processes
Bacterial anaerobic decomposition of organic materials
Smaller sources include termites, oceans, sediments,
volcanoes, and wildfires.
Human activities
Fossil fuel combustion
Decomposition of wastes in landfills
Agriculture, especially rice cultivation
Ruminant digestion
Incomplete bio fuel and biomass burning
30.
31. Nitrous oxide
Commercial and Organic Fertilizers
Fossil fuel combustion
Nitric acid production
Biomass burning
A powerful greenhouse gas
34. On Earth, human activities are changing the
natural greenhouse
In the past 150 years, burning fossil fuels has caused a 25
% increase in Carbon dioxide emissions
In the last 200 years Nitrous oxide has increased 17%.
In the last 200 years Methane has increased 150%!!
(Credit: Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO2 record.)
35.
36. A group of 1,300 independent scientific experts from countries all over
the world under the auspices of the United Nations, concluded there's
a more than 90 percent probability that human activities over the past
250 years have warmed our planet
37. The consequences of changing the natural
atmospheric greenhouse are difficult to predict, but
certain effects seem likely
40. Grinell Glacier in Glacier National Park, 1938 (left), 1981
(center), and 2005 (right).
41. Effect on Plants and Animals
– Habitat loss
– Extinction Contd..
42. – Ecological interactions disrupted
– Timing of seasonal life cycle events
• Egg laying, hibernation, early blooming, migration
Contd..
Effect on Plants and Animals
43. – Loss of breeding grounds
• Turtles, whales, dolphins, seals
– Disturbances from pests, invasive species, fire
– Availability of nutrition and water
Contd..
Effect on Plants and Animals
44. – Ecosystems disrupted
– Vulnerable to diseases
and predators
– Physiological changes
Effect on Plants and Animals
White snowshoe hares
45. Effect on Humans
– Extreme weather events (storms, floods, droughts,
wildfires)
– Lifestyle and behaviour are likely to be affected
– Increased mortality rate
– Food and water borne disease
– Effects drinking water supply
– Food production and security
– Vector-borne diseases
– Economic impact
– Air quality affected
46.
47. Solution
Improve soil carbon management
strategies
Be energy-efficient
Eat Wisely
Trim your waste
Reduce carbon footprint
Reduce vehicle use and green
your commute
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
Get informed and get involved
Reduce Your Footprint
Increase Your Handprint
48.
49. SDG 13
Take urgent action to combat
climate change and its impacts
Targets
Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate-
related hazards and natural disasters in all countries
Integrate climate change measures into national
policies, strategies and planning
Improve education, awareness-raising and human and
institutional capacity on climate change mitigation,
adaptation, impact reduction and early warning
Contd..
50. Implement the commitment undertaken by developed-country
parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by
2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing
countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and
transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the
Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible
Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate
change-related planning and management in least developed
countries and small island developing States, including focusing
on women, youth and local and marginalized communities
51. International initiatives
• In 1979 the first World Climate Change Conference
recognized climate change as a serious problem & called
on all governments to address it.
• In 1988, the IPCC (multinational scientific body) was
established by the UN
• The UNFCCC formed the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit in
1992 and entered into force on 1994
• Kyoto Protocol 1997 assigned mandatory targets for
industrialized nations to reduce GHG emissions by 2012
• The Paris Agreement 2005 establishes a global warming
goal of well below 2°C on pre-industrial averages.
52. National Initiatives
• MoEF in 1984 to MoEFCC in 2014
• National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), 2008
• State Action Plan on Climate Change (SAPCC)
• Initiatives by corporates and NGOs