Reasons behind climate change impacts of climate change possible remedies of climate change

1. CLIMATE CHANGE

2. Why did we choose this topic ?
While the world is fighting from the Covid-19
pandemic, crashing economies all over the
world, millions dying and thousands losing
their job, the most existential threat goes on
unchecked i.e. Climate Change.
It is of paramount importance that we start
taking action collectively to save our planet
thereby enhancing the human life worldwide.
Our project sheds light on various factors
affecting Climate Change, their effects and
possible remedies. The aim of this
presentation is to make the combined human
society aware of the possible dangers so that
appropriate steps are taken.

3. WHAT IS “CLIMATE”??
The composite or generally prevailing
weather conditions of a region, as
temperature, air pressure, humidity,
precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and
winds, throughout the year, averaged over a
series of years is known as Climate.

4. Abiotic Factors Biotic Factors

5. EARTHS NATURAL
GREENHOUSE:
Plays important roll in
maintaining Earth’s energy
balance.
 Greenhouse gases needed
in atmosphere to regulate
temperature to sustain life.

6. Greenhouse Gases:
Water vapour (H₂O)
Carbon dioxide(CO₂)
Methane(CH₄)
Nitrous oxide(N₂O)
Ozone(O₃)

7. Increasing Carbon Dioxide in Atmosphere:
Primary greenhouse gas,
responsible for about three-
quarters of emissions.
Mainly come from burning
organic materials: coal, oil, gas,
wood, and solid waste.
Due to deforestation, forests
have decreased, their ability to
absorb Carbon Dioxide from the
atmosphere has decreased.

8. Other Greenhouse Gases:
Methane (CH₄):
• The main component of natural
gas.
• Released from landfills, natural gas
and petroleum industries, and
agriculture (especially from the
digestive systems of grazing
animals).
• Produces about 21 times more
heat than CO₂
• accounts for about 16 percent of all
greenhouse gas emissions.
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O):
• Agriculture and livestock, including
fertilizer, manure, and burning of
agricultural residues, along with
burning fuel, are the biggest
sources of nitrous oxide emissions.
• Produces 390 times more heat
than CO₂
• About six percent of global
greenhouse gas emissions

9. Other Greenhouse Gases:
Water Vapour:
• Water vapor is actually the
world's most abundant
greenhouse gas.
• We refer to the amount of water
vapour in air as humidity. Our
experiences in humid and arid
climates can help us how water
vapour relate to temperature
change.
Ozone:
• Is technically a greenhouse gas,
but it depends on where it is
found in the earth's atmosphere
• Tropospheric (near the surface)
ozone is a powerful greenhouse
gas, even in trace amounts.
Stratospheric ozone or the ozone
layer is opaque to UV rays
coming in.

10. Emission of Greenhouse Gases is Increasing:

11. Ozone Layer Depletion:
 Ozone layer act as Earth’s natural sunscreen and
blocks some of the UV radiation that comes
from the Sun , shielding us from damaging rays.
 Since 1985, it has been observed that the ozone
layer is depleting in the stratosphere, due to
chemical action with chlorine atoms, being
released by the dissociation of
chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), particularly in the
presence of sunlight.
 Impacts of UV radiation:
• Skin Cancer
• Cataract & Ultimate Blindness
• Reduce the overall immune efficiency.
• UV radiations may interfere with
photosynthesis, leading to lower crop yields.

12. CFCs:
• Halocarbons are carbon based molecules that have chlorine, fluorine,
bromine in them.
• Subcategories of halocarbons include chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
which have only carbon, fluorine and chlorine.
• The presence of halocarbon gases is due to only human activities. CFC
are used in refrigerator, air condition, as cleaning solvents in factories,
blowing agents to create some plastic foams, in spray etc.
• CFCs are nontoxic, nonflammable, nonreactive and they are not water
soluble. So they are not removed from troposphere by chemical
reaction or rainfall. They have long life time. Thus CFCs drift into the
stratosphere, where they are exposed to UV radiation, which breaks
apart the molecules, freeing the chlorine. It is estimated that one
chlorine atom can destroy up to 1 lakh ozone molecule, leading to
large scale ozone deficits.

13. Ozone Depletion and Climate Change:
Ozone depletion and climate change are linked in a number of ways-
• Atmospheric ozone has two effects on the temperature balance of the
Earth. It absorbs solar ultraviolet radiation, which heats the stratosphere. It
also absorbs infrared radiation emitted by the Earth's surface, effectively
trapping heat in the troposphere, thereby contributing to the
"greenhouse" effect.
• Gases that are causing ozone depletion such as the chlorofluorocarbons
(CFCs), are greenhouse gases, absorbing some of the infrared radiation
emitted by the Earth's surface, thereby effectively heating the Earth's
surface.
• ozone is influenced by changes in the meteorological conditions and by
changes in the atmospheric composition that could result from climate
change.

14. GLOBAL WARMING:
Global warming is a phenomenon of climate change characterized by a general
increase in average temperatures of the Earth, which modifies the weather
balances and ecosystems for a long time. It is directly linked to the increase of
greenhouse gases in our atmosphere, worsening the greenhouse effect.

15. EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE:
Temperatures Will Continue to Rise:
One of the most immediate and obvious
effects of global warming is the increase in
temperatures around the world. The average
global temperature has increased by about 1.4
degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degrees Celsius) over
the past 100 years.
At the pace of current CO₂ emissions,
scientists expect an increase of between 1.5°
and 5.3°C (34.7° to 41.5°F) in average
temperature by 2100. If no action is taken, it
would have harmful consequences to
humanity and the biosphere.

16. Glaciers are melting:
Glaciers in Greenland and Antarctica are losing ice at alarming rates.

17. What the World Would Look Like if All the Ice
Melted??

18.  Sea Level Will Rise 1-8 feet by 2100
Because of global warming, permafrost
and ice are melting massively at the
poles, increasing the sea level at a rate
never known before. In a century, the
increase reached 18 cm (including 6 cm
in the last 20 years). The worst case
scenario is a rise of up to 1m by 2100.
The acidification of the oceans is also
of great concern. In fact, the large
amount of CO₂ captured by the
oceans makes them more acidic,
arousing serious questions about the
adaptability of seashells or coral reefs.

19.  For decades now, meteorologists and climatologists around the world
have been watching the effects of global warming on the weather
phenomena. And the impact is huge: changes in precipitation types,
more droughts and heat-waves, more natural disasters like floods,
hurricanes, storms and wildfires, frost-free season, etc.
Australian Bushfire Super Cyclone Amphan

20. Drought Kerala Flood

21. Effects on Biodiversity:
The increase of temperatures and the
climate upheavals disturb the
ecosystems, modify the conditions and
cycles of plant reproduction. The
scarcity of resources and climate
change are changing life habits and
migratory cycles of animals. We are
already witnessing the disappearance of
many species - including endemic
species - or, conversely, the intrusion of
invasive species that threaten crops and
other animals.
Effects on Human:
Human beings are not spared by these
upheavals. Climate change is affecting
the global economy. It is already shaking
up social, health and geopolitical
balances in many parts of the world.
The scarcity of resources like food and
energy gives rise to new conflicts.
Rising sea levels and floods are causing
population migration. Small island
states are in the front line. The
estimated number of climate refugees
by 2050 is 250 million people.

22. India Suffers Biggest Locust Attack in 25 Years:
• Part of the grasshopper
community, desert locusts feed
on crops and plantations every
year from July to October. They
are mostly spotted in small
isolated groups.
• However, due to climate change,
these migratory insects are
causing unprecedented damage
in several parts of India.

23. What can be Done to resist climate change ?
First we must admit that Climate change is everyone’s
problem. No agency, Government, or Scientist can “fix” it
for us. We are all in this together.
We got here because of our lifestyle and habits. So our
habit to exploit nature has to change.
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24. 1. Renewable energies:
Renewable energy is energy produced from sources that do not deplete
or can be replenished within a human's life time.
The first way to prevent climate change is to move away from fossil
fuels.
What are the alternatives?
 Renewable energies like solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and
hydropower.

26. 2. Energy & water efficiency:
Producing clean energy is essential, but reducing our
consumption of energy and water by using more
efficient devices (e.g. LED light bulbs, innovative
shower systems) is less costly and equally important.

27. Promoting public transportation, carpooling, but
also electric and hydrogen mobility, can definitely
help reduce CO₂ emissions and thus fight global
warming.

28. 4. Sustainable infrastructure:
In order to reduce the CO₂ emissions from buildings -
caused by heating, air conditioning, hot water or
lighting - it is necessary both to build new low energy
buildings, and to renovate the existing constructions.

30. 6. Responsible consumption & recycling:
Adopting responsible consumption habits is crucial, be
it regarding food (particularly meat), clothing,
cosmetics or cleaning products. Last but not least,
recycling is an absolute necessity for dealing with
waste.

31. Resources:
• www.google.com
• www.thebetterindia.com
• www.nationalgeographic.com
• www.climate.nasa.gov
• www.solarimpulse.com