Marks And Spencer Essay

Marks And Spencer Essay
BSP028 Strategic Management| Paul Ioannides A764027| | Describe and evaluate the main strategic changes of Marks and Spencer since the beginning
of Stuart Rose's Chairmanship.| | | 8/19/2011| |
Contents Introduction3 Marks and Spencer3 Strategy Definition4 Strategic Change 15 Plan A: Aim of becoming the most sustainable retailer5
Description of Strategy5 Reasoning of Strategy5 The Strategy 2010–20115 Theoretical Foundations of Strategy6 Corporate Governance6 Business
/Corporate Level Strategy7 Vertical Integration7 Scope of 'Plan A' Strategy8 Utilitarianism9 Evaluation9 Suitability9 Strategic Change 2:12 Multi
Channel Strategy: The Internet and Mobile12 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The internet revenue earned by Marks and Spencer Group plc reached ВЈ 100 million in the year 2007 (Anon A, 2011). This strategic decision will also
be discussed in more detail later in this report. As a final significant event on the company timeline, in November 2009 it was announced Marc Bolland
would take over as Executive Chairman from Stuart Rose in early 2010.
M&S outlined their strategic plan between 2010 and 2015 and thus the strategy changes chosen in this report will partly follow this.
(Source: M&S Annual Report, 2011)
Strategy Definition
Before the individual strategic changes are described and evaluated, it is necessary to fully understand the definition of the term strategy and strategic
management.
'The flame of competition has changed from he smokey yellow to intense white heat. For companies to survive and prosper they will have to have a
vision, a mission and strategy' (Johnson, 2001). The use of strategy in this well known quote from the Chief Executive of Lloyds TSB Peter Elwood
shows the importance strategic decisions plan in the modern era for organisations. To supplement this, strategy is theoretically defined as 'the direction
and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieves advantages in a changing environment through its configuration of resources and
competences with the aim of fulfilling stakeholder expectations' (Johnson et al., 2005). According to this definition, the
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Functional areas in Tesco and Oxfam
Functional areas in Tesco and Oxfam
1. Introduction
In this report I am going to compare functional areas of two contrasting organisations Tesco and Oxfam.
Tesco is aiming at achieving profit, investing and offerring services and products to customers.Oxfam is a non–profit organisation, helping people in
crisis.
Tesco is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer, it has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is
the grocery market leader in UK, where it has a market share of around 30%.
Oxfam is an international confederation of 17 organisations working in 90 countries worldwide to find solutions to poverty and related injustice around
the world. It helps to provide training, education and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Executive Director Winnie Byanyima appointed in May 2013) provides strategic guidance, support, expertise and coordination across the global
organisation. Through its 17 affiliates , oxfam works with people in over 90 countries to provide humanitarian relief in crisis, empower poor and
marginalised people to gain social and economic

Disadvantages Of Kupipakva Rasayana
Types of Kupipakva rasayana
Basically there are three types of kupipakwa rasayana seen based on the inclusion of sulphur in the ingredients, the time of corking the mouth of kupi
and the site of obtaining the desired product
Ingredients
п‚§mercury + sulphur, e.g. Rasasindoor .
п‚§mercury + sulphur + Metal, e.g. Tamrasindoor, Rajatasindoor
п‚§mercury + sulphur + Mineral, e.g. Talasindoor, Shilasindoor
Time of corking:
п‚§Antardhoom : Corking of the bottle is done at the beginning, which results in preventing vapours from escaping e.g. Rasasindoor.
п‚§Bahirdhoom: Corking is done after sulphur fumes gets subsidised. e.g. Shilasindoor. Site of finished product:
п‚§Kanthastha: The finished product is obtained at the neck of Kupi e.g. Rasasindoor. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
вћў Flame does not appear in Nirgandha preparations.
Shalaka sanchalana
п‚§Shita Shalaka: Particles of ingredients are seen on the rod at the stage of melting of Kajjali.
п‚§Tapta Shalaka: Material present at the mouth of the Kupi burns with a blue flame on insertion .
Copper coin test
п‚§Copper coin placed on the mouth of the bottle exhibits white spots in the presence of Parad. (Atul D. Sanap;2015 )
Importance of Kupipakva rasayana
Heat given is of very high degree, which makes the formulations laghu, thereby enabling the drug to penetrate faster and deeper into the tissues. Thus,
they enhance the body's working system which form the basis of treatment in Ayurveda. In Kupipakva method, Mercury with or without Sulphur is
converted in to a suitable compound, even without being reduced to ashes.
Through this process, the potency and efficacy of mercury, increases in proportion to the amount of Sulphur burnt . The properties like small drug
dose, rapid action, desired result, long shelf life, palatability made Kupipakva rasayana to occupy superior position in Ayurvedic therapeutics.
Kupipakva rasayana is very much effective in all VataKapha predominant diseases.( S S

Unit 1 Business Environment
Unit 1 Business Environment Ana Maria Vid 27th Nov 2015 Unit 1 Business Environment I hereby confirm that this assignment is my own work. I
have identified and acknowledged all sources in this assignment and have referenced according to the Harvard referencing system. I have read and
understood the Plagiarism and Collusion section provided with the assignment brief and understood consequences of plagiarising. Name: Ana Maria
Viorica Vid Registration No: Signature: AV Date: 27th November 2015
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, stakeholders can be internal or external to the business. A stake is a vital interest in the business or its activities. It can include ownership and
property interests, legal interests and obligations, and moral rights.'' (Grimsley, 2015) BA stakeholders can be affected by BA performance or BA
performance can be affected by stakeholders. Therefore it is important that BA satisfy stakeholder's needs. On the other hand, stakeholders have
commitments and should work together for the wellness of BA. British Airway internal stakeholders are: Employees – it is important to satisfy
employee's needs, so they are motivated to use their skills to help the organisation. In order to keep them satisfied those needs, BA recognises their
performance, makes them feel valued, promotes and rewards for their performance. Additionally, a health and safety workplace and flexibility leads to
employee satisfaction. Sub–contractors– BA ensures that their feel appreciated and rewarded for their effort within the company. Investors– BA ensure
to keep them happy by performing higher profits and therefore better returns. Shareholders– BA aims better business performance in aims increase in
profits, so they will be happy and satisfied with the return. Also, by involving them in decision making can make them feel valued. Managers– It is
important to take in account their needs. Therefore, competitive salary, flexible hours,

An Essay About Baba Yaga
I will say that I was quite surprised to find Baba Yaga on the list of the deities. It's not that I don't like her, but I always thought, ever since I was a
very young child, that she was a fairytale character –and a very scary one, to be sure! I remember, when I was reading ancient Russian tales, the
depiction of a horrid woman with a bent nose, the most terrifying house and a screech to take away the courage of the bravest person who had ever
roamed the Earth. So, finding out that Baba Yagawas not a fairytale character, but a Goddess, made me feel both cheated and elated. Cheated,
because I don't like having someone like a Goddess transformed into "just" a fairytale (although I believe that fairytales are wise). And elated, for I
always ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those three children were also representative of her own nature: she is capable of giving, with care, existence to Light, something that might seem
strange, from one who seems to have nothing in her but harshness. This, however, makes it evident that she is a Crone Goddess, and that it is
because of this that the passage to the stage of Life (with all that it has within) is possible. Some sources even say that she keeps "the waters of life
and death". I think this might be true, for Baba Yaga is always making sure that we die and that we relive: she sees that we let behind those things
that are dragging us down or that are giving us pain and then lets us "drink" the "water" we need, she gives us what we actually needed to grow up
and to go on with our lives. She also had around her some invisible servants, who did the housework that she didn't feel like doing and who made her
biding. Some say that these servants are representative of the elementals and of her rule over them. It might be so, as it was also said that she
controlled everything around her (even natural

How to Help Australians in Poverty
Do any of you wake up one morning and not know if you're going to be able to have a decent meal for the whole day? or not being able to have a
shower and brush your teeth? What even being able to drink clean water? These questions may seem extreme or over the top, but it is a complete
reality to those living under extreme poverty. According to research of the oxford dictionary , poverty is the state of being extremely poor. My goal
here is to inform you about the main causes of poverty and what we can do here in Australia to help those in need. What are the causes of poverty?
There is no one cause for poverty across the world. However, there are many components that contribute to poverty.
One of those includes overpopulation, imagine living in the same house with 20 other people. There wouldn't be much space to do anything,
countries such as China and India have such an incredibly high population density that they don't have the necessities to look after everyone.
Overpopulation has a large impact to poverty, as it gives a rise to unemployment as there are fewer jobs to support such a large amount of people.
This then results in a rise in crime as people are resorted to steal to simply feed for their family and the basic needs.
Another contribution to poverty is inadequate education and employment. Something we take for granted in a developed country is the ability to have
access to education. Many children in third world counties have diminutive knowledge about

Cause And Effects Of The Haiti Earthquake
On January 12th, 2010, the small country of Haiti was hit by a 7.0 magnitude earthquake that devastated the city of Port–au–Prince and surrounding
areas (Haiti earthquake of 2010, 2015). The 30–second disaster was just the beginning of a collection of aftershocks that then struck the country
relentlessly for days (Haiti earthquake of 2010, 2015). Many areas were reduced to rubble leaving approximately one million Haitians homeless and 350
000 dead and another 300 000 injured (Haiti earthquake of 2010, 2015). The ill–prepared country was sitting on two tectonic plates– the Caribbean and
the North American, where there was slippage resulting in the earthquake (KS3 Bitesize Geography). Following the environmental catastrophe, the
international community responded, and a relief effort began (Haiti earthquake of 2010, 2015). Though the earthquake happened quickly, the lasting
impact and trauma remained. In an article from the Wall Street Journal, Luhnow and Dugan stated that following the event many people went
searching for psychological support and aid instead of physical (2010). After having buildings tumble and fall onto people, many suffered from PTSD
and survivors guilt; children were the most emotionally traumatized, and there was a fundamental lack of aid for facing psychological traumas endured
by so many (Luhnow & Dugan, 2010). As a society, an increase in crime and violence is on the rise; Haitians had no defined structure in communities,
and most established norms

Financial Aid Case Study
Humanitarian rush to save the starving children, fleeing refugees, marginalized women, generally, to diminish crisis worldwide is often a
straightforward response which can cause bigger dilemmas. Financial aid can alter the self determination in the developing country; food donations are
likely to destroy the local economy making aid a permanent matter. It is likely that governments may use humanitarian relief to not intervene military.
The unknown level of corruption in certain developing countries may land the aid into the wrong hands. The lack of accurate and visible data available
worldwide may cause inconsistency in statistics which could cause issues in preventions later on. Lastly, the self interests of governments may interrupt
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As straightforward as the above understanding of protection may seem, complications rise due to a number of variables. It is no surprise that the
attempt of many NGOs and international organizations to intervene through peacebuilding operations are failing in the public's opinion and are no
longer preventing conflict; on the contrary creating more complications within. According to the United States Census Bureau, only 34% of the
population has trust in the government on all of the organizations and their objectives. In the following paper, the analysis of US interventions
politically, socially and economically will be closely analyzed. The thesis will be divided into multiple parts. Part I will closely looks at specific
NGOs, what they are and their missions. Part II will look at the extent of NGO marketing and its audience. This will help the readers understand
what it is that attracts the prospective interns and employees to become part of bigger organizations. Part III of the paper will analyze the data
collected from individuals. The data will be closely analyzed and will not only give me insight on the day to day practices of NGOs but how it
impacts the individuals who are depended on such organizations. On the broader spectrum the methodology section will help answer the thesis
question. Section IV will reason out why there is an NGO failure on the publics' eyes by looking at world

Advantages Of Homogenization In Proteomics
Parth Garg (2011BB50032)
BEL722 Term Paper
Mechanical Methods of Homogenization in Proteomics
1. Introduction
Proper sample preparation is an integral part of all omics approaches, and can drastically impact the results of a wide number of analyses. One of the
key components of sample preparation is homogenization. The term 'Homogenization' can be understood in various aspects and some of its most
common usages can be to describe mixing and dispersing. But, in essence, the aim of homogenization is to obtain a homogenous mixture i.e. the
sample obtained has same composition throughout its total volume.
Now, homogenization for sample preparation in proteomics can be done by the following 5 ways: –
1. Mechanical methods
2. Sonication
3. Use of pressure
4. Use of Temperature
5. Osmotic and detergent lysis
Mechanical Methods
Mechanical methods are generally used for hard and filamentous cells such as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparison of various mechanical methods
MethodProsCons
Rotor–StatorCan homogenize wide array of samples. Very homogenous end product.Initial cost is high. Different shafts for different size of samples.
Shaft cleaning is difficult.
BlenderEasily available. Can process large samples very quickly. Easy to sterilize.Creates vortexes, which cause foaming resulting in denaturation.
Simple Mortar and Pestle typeEasy to use and inexpensive. Can generate very fine particlesLow throughput. Contamination issues.
Glass HomogenizersInexpensive, generate fine homogenate. Easy to clean and decontaminate.Fibrous and membranes are left as it is. Low throughput
and prone to breakage.

Dounce HomogenizerInexpensive, easy to clean and decontaminate.Low throughput. Solid tissue cannot be processed directly
Vortexer Bead BeatingEasily available in lab. No additional cost of homogenization. Multiple machine can vortex full rack of tubesLess powerful as
compared to other homogenizers. Homogenization around 50% of other methods.
4. Applications in recent proteomics

Howard Schultz: Charmin And CEO Of Starbucks
Howard Schultz is the man who grew up in a New York City Housing projects to eventually own Starbucks and gain a personal worth of $2.3 billion.
The operating profit of Starbucks was US$3,081.1 million in FY2014, compared to an operating loss of US$325.4 million in FY2013. (Publication,
2015)
According to Wealth–X, Schultz would have never dreamt of going into business and never would imagine he'd one day run a global coffee chain.
Scultz writes in his book "Pour Your Heart into it' that his is truly a rags–to–riches story. (Business Insider 2015) According the Annual Report on
Form 10–K for the fiscal year ended September 28, 2014 ("fiscal 2014"), Starbucks Corporation (together with its subsidiaries) demonstrate the ... Show
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He has recognition programs, career sabbaticals and time–off programs, bonuses, retirement savings, discounted stock purchase options.
(Starbucks.com, 2015)
Howard Schultz's Communication Style:
Howard Schultz's sends personal calls for feedback and advice which humanizes the communication, he conveys his goals and ideals of business
through motivational speeches and training that he carries out, making sure that there is an emotional connection with the staff. He relies mostly on
personal communication with both the higher level department and with the general lower level management. The general goals are communicated
among the ranks therefore the tram spirit is driven by it. (Sardelli)
Organizational Structure of Starbucks:
Source: (Business Organizational Chart Starbucks 2013.) Starbucks is a matrix organizational structure where a business is split into different divisions
of whatever functions needed and then has multiple managers for each division and finally the lower tier members. This organizational strategy allows
information from the customers to travel up to the lower–tier of employees and to the corporate levels are more streamline in a flat organizational
structure. This helps as it ensures that Starbuck's culture of family is communicated. (Starbucks

Macbeth Creative Writing
Living with what I've done has never been harder, all the battles I've fought combined couldn't compare. I thought sleeping was difficult before but
nothing can come close to this gloomy day. I lay next to my sleeping wife, mouth open slightly agape like a baby, as I stare at the ceiling seeing only
red on my plain white walls. Seeing only red on my hands, the ones that once picked Banquo up in battle, and the same ones who will bury him today.
I hear the echoes of curious voices questing why he is gone, questioning me...
"Macbeth?" I jump a mile in the air at the unexpected sound, glancing to my left I see my now see my currently awake wife as she sits up she sets
her empty brown eyes on me, reflecting my own. Her dark hair cloaks my arm as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I never expected things to go this way." I say, while my mind is engulfed with memories. "Not like this, no. No. I. I just can't, okay? I'm sorry, but I
can't go along with this anymore. Too much innocent blood stains both of our hands now, and all for this? Constant misery form the memories we
can't get out of our mind? Why would I want this now? I can't, I'm done." I proclaim, brushing past her quickly, trying to make a quick exit to no
avail, I hear her heels clink until they block my path as she grabs hold of my face.
"No, you are not done. Do you understand me? We have done too much to let it all go to waste. If we don't continue his death will mean nothing,
okay?" She grinds out of her teeth, brown eyes piercing through mine and shaking me to my very core. I nod my head asking with hers as she continues.
"I promise love, we have so much for us in our future. You have to see it and you have to trust me. We're a team, and I need you as much as you
need me on this, okay? We only have each other, and we can do this, you can do this and soon enough we will have everything we want and more.
Anything you can imagine, will be at your fingertips. Deal?" She finished, eyes still full of the same rage, but I see determination. Lifting my hand, I
place it on the small of her back, pulling her forward until she is flush against my chest and placing a kiss on her forehead.
Drawing in a breath, I exhale,

How Do People Perceive Value Of Objects?
How do people perceive value of objects?
As a designer, how can I create a system of making emotional value?
How can I evoke people's emotional responses out of objects?
Summary of reflective journals
I am always interested in relationships between human and objects, especially psychological relationship. Why memento is thought so precious?
Would people see samevalue in between their favorite watch they have keep using for many years and same products that is in the shop?
Through making and researching, I would like to discover how people value objects. I would like to design products that can be used and cherished
for long term. So as to that, I think it is worth to consider and research aspects of psychological way of valuing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In Unit2 I focused to choose right materials to make amulets and to decide outcome for this project. As I realized that a creation of emotional
attachment acts important role in order to create value into object, I decided to make bespoke amulets and its kit so as audiences to be able to get
involve its process. Sometimes people make amulets by them selves wishing good luck. I thought it would be interesting that I make amulet and see
how people perceive them.
According to Donald. A. Norman, who is a cognitive scientist, human's emotions strongly influence how people associate with objects. Strong narrative
induces your emotion. The emotional attachment makes things special, valuable. How those narratives of objects speak to you and induce your
emotion positively defines part of the value.
In the research paper I researched 'How contemporary designers perceive emotional values and giving the values to their products'. What I reckoned
out of the reseach was that designer have to care about the story behind the making process. Purchasing those objects is that people are somehow
investing onto the designer's imaginary world. Objects can became precious not only because its material, but because of its process, extraordinary
skill or unique skills, and the time are invested to create.
Emotional attachment is a key word. This is what I found out that in order to produce emotional

Social Entrepreneurship
Assess the importance of social entrepreneurship in the local context. 1.0 Definition of Social Entrepreneurship A social entrepreneur identifies and
solves social problems on a large scale. Just as business entrepreneurs create and transform whole industries, social entrepreneurs act as the change
agents for society, seizing opportunities others miss in order to improve systems, invent and disseminate new approaches and advance sustainable
solutions that create social value. Unlike traditional business entrepreneurs, social entrepreneurs primarily seek to generate "social value" rather than
profits. And unlike the majority of non–profit organizations, their work is targeted not only towards immediate, small–scale effects, but sweeping,...
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4.0Fundings As the programs and projects of NGOs expand, the need for money to run their operations becomes all the more critical. NGOs have
remained highly dependent on donor and external organizations such as UNDP, WHO, etc– in addition to some fundraising efforts from the private
sector and general public. Funding for the majority of NGOs remains limited, as only a few have access to government grants. Financial weakness The
majority of NGOs are not membership based, hence the opportunity to sustain core funding from membership contributions is lost to many. Other
sources for sustainable financing are not yet fully explored, for example, long–term partnership with private sector (beyond fundraising), engagement in
economic activities and social mobilization at community level. Competition for limited funding creates a negative environment for networking
among NGOs, which in turn leads to duplication and loss of opportunities to pool knowledge, experiences and resources to a common cause 5.0
How local NGOs can become entrepreneurial and raise finance A success story of how NGOs can become entrepreneurial and raise its own finance
and at the same time help the community would be the example of the Big Issue magazine in London. The Big Issue is a business. But it is a
different kind of business, a social business, which provides a 'business solution to a social problem'. Although The Big Issue work as a business, their
aim is not to make money for its own

Btec National Diploma Level 3 Unit 3 Introduction to...
Jordan Tavaglione Unit 3
Task 1– P1 –describe the concept and principles of marketing
A) Dictionary definition for marketing:
"The management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably."
When marketing a product or service the organisation needs to make sure it will satisfy the customer needs or wants. An organisation will not survive let
alone succeed or make a profit if it does not meet the customer's physical, intellectual, educational or social needs/wants. An organisation will use
market research to identify what the customer and consumer wants. This definition means there is a management responsible for doing market
research to identify the customer's requirements ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Be aware of legal, social and ethical constraints on its marketing activities.
6.Plan and control all marketing activities so as to target the right message to the right consumer segment at the right time.
c)
Private organisations use marketing to help them achieve their goals and aims. They use different marketing strategies to attract people to what
they are providing. Big companies like Asda and Nike can advertise regularly of television to get the maximum amount of people to view their
offers, smaller companies find it hard to raise the funds for their advertisements to appear on television. Promotional deals can increase a
business's sales and turnover. If a product isn't selling at its current price, it might be put on sale under a promotional offer (i.e. buy one get 1
free).This is a good way to clear the remaining stock and people whom might not normally buy the product may try it because of the promotional
offer which the possibility of liking it and repeat purchasing. Another promotional deal they could use will involve working with a newspaper. They
could offer money off vouchers in a newspaper which could influence more people to but the paper and to shop at their store. E.g. the Sun has
advertised a free loaf of bread for every user and in recent times, people are trying to spend as little money as possible. Most private organisations have
the main aim of earning profit and they wish to extend that profit as much as they can, business do this though

Mutual Aid Agreements Are Essential For Allocating Resources
Mutual Aid Agreements Brian H. Doyle Saint Leo University Abstract Mutual aid agreements are essential for allocating resources, equipment, and
personnel between jurisdictions through intrastate, interstate, private organizations, and nongovernmental organizations agencies in the event of an
emergency situation that exceeds the capabilities of the local agencies. Intrastate agencies mobilized by a mutual aid agreement consist of resources
within the state that can provide support to the requesting department. During catastrophic events, interstate sources activated through a mutual aid
agreement are comprised of resources from other states that are able to support the operations required when state resources are incapable of providing
adequate aid. Private–sector organizations, nonprofit organizations, and nongovernmental organizations provide additional support in times of crisis
when the organization has necessary resources to sustain operations. Emergency situations that may arise and benefit from the resources established in
an existing mutual aid agreement include mass casualty incidents, fire and law enforcement situations, natural disasters such as hurricanes and
tornadoes, and terrorist attacks. Mutual Aid Agreements provide for increased capabilities during natural disasters, terrorist events, and other
emergency situations by enabling organizations at all levels to leverage resources in their favor when the situation exceeds the capabilities of the local

Riboflavin Fluorescence Spectra Essay
Experiment Three Report
Riboflavin Fluorescence Spectra
Name: Holly
Experimental Section: Include all details on preparation of standard solutions. Also include the vitamin tablet brand name; the listed mass of vitamin
B2 per tablet; procedure used for extraction of the tablet and dilutions performed.
The experiment began by determining the best wavelength at which to excite the riboflavin molecule, by examining the graph given in the laboratory
manual[1]. Because plastic cells that absorb UV light were being used to hold the solutions, the wavelength had to be >320nm. To ensure that we
could clearly see the peak of the riboflavin fluorescence in the stock solution, the peak we chose to measure was the one approximated at ... Show more
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Results Section:
Section 1. Examine the nature of absorption, excitation and fluorescence spectra. Include values for absorption, excitation and fluorescence spectra
maxima. Upload your spectra in this section. Figure 1. Fluorescence vs Wavelength graph of Riboflavin 50ppb Stock Solution
The first part of the experiment involved graphing the fluorescence intensity of a 50ppb
Riboflavin stock solution. The wavelength to begin measuring from was based on two factors, the fact that the plastic UV cells that were being used
absorbed light up to 320nm, and that the molecule needed to absorb light very strongly, and needed to be seen clearly on the graph. Thus, reading the
graph provided in the lab manual[1], it could be seen that there was a peak at around ~450nm which would easily be able to be seen without
interference from the plastic cells. In the sample measured from the stock solution, the peak occurred at a
wavelength of 523.52nm and reached a peak of 115.52.
The excitation spectrum was then measured on the same graph. The wavelength at which the peak occurred on the fluorescence spectrum was entered
into the program, and a scan range from 350nm to 800nm was used. The excitation spectrum had two peaks, the first occurring at a wavelength of
366.15nm

Oxfam : Non Commercial Organisation
Introduction:
Oxfam is non–commercial organisation which is fighting against poverty.Oxfam stands for Oxford Committee for Famine Relief.For the first time the
creators of Oxfam met together in October 1942 in Oxford, to discuss with the government the opportunity to decrease(reduce) the allied blockade of
occupied Europe and cover feeding of imperative alleviation key to civilians.Oxfam was created with 8 various members the(famous) powerful one was
Jackson–Cole a London businessman(Web Cache,N/A).This became now Oxfam GB and still based in Oxford, Oxfordshire.Oxfam GB started to
become more popular and well known by opening their first regular shop in 1948.Goal of this project is recognize the main stakeholders of the
company and what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1995 Oxfam GB joined another 17 Oxfam 's organization from all over the world to form Oxfam International which is helping in more than 90
countries(Oxfam International,2015). There are a lot of charity shops in the United Kingdom selling with more or less the same price of Oxfam
GB.These shops are the main competitors to oxfam.For

The Kumeyaay People of California Essay
THE KUMEYAAY PEOPLE OF CALIFORNIA by Your Name (boldface) ANTH 100: Non
–Western Cultures and the Western Tradition Instructor: Dr.
Steven R. James Nov. 10, 2014 INTRODUCTION In my quest to study the life of the ancient California inhabitants, I visited the San Diego Museum
of Man which is an anthropological museum situated in Balboa Park, San Diego, California. The museum was established in the year 1915 as a result
of the Panama–California Exposition where several exhibits were displayed with 'The Story of Man through Ages' being the first. At the culmination of
the exposition, San Diego Museum Association sought to retain the available collection and start a permanent museum. As a result, the collection was
named Museum of Man in... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Among the artifacts available on the second floor of the museum there are bows and arrows. Moreover, a visitor can see sharp stones in the
collection of artifacts; these are familiar to those that were used in the Stone Age. Most of the stones resemble the Oldowan tools that were found
in Lokalalei in Kenya; some other also resemble the Hand axe found in Bose in China. In display were other wooden domestic equipment such as
wooden pestle and mortar, a spade and a spear. Pottery was not left out of the exhibition as there were several pots, weaving was represented by the
skin thread and a hat. Finally, necklaces and other valuable ornaments were in this part of the museum too. 3) Lifeway of the Kumeyaay People a)
Hunters and gatherers In this section, I will analyze the culture of the Kumeyaay people taking into regard the artifacts available in the museum.
To begin with, the bow and arrows could have been used for two main reasons. The first is for hunting wild game. Wild game was a source of food
to many ancient communities around the world. On one of the printouts in the museum, I read that the Kumeyaay used to hunt along the coast as
well as in the inland and rabbit was their main source of meat. The arrows were made from cane and straightened in soap stone. Secondly, bows and
arrows were most likely used for protection purposes. The two tools are occasionally made from wood and have been in use for a long period of

The Ibo Culture
The Ibo culture was structured to where men were dominant power seekers, and the women were feeble caretakers for the diligent men and young
kin. I, for one, was a part of the Ibo society, but my identity was stripped away from my soul the day I fled my home. A handful of years ago, I was just
an ordinary baby that had a father and a mother. My father was a middle class worker, and he was decently respected by the people of his faction. All
of the population known the parent figure as Deuhwa, and he was popular for his snuff. The woman who brought me into this devastating world
ceased to live before I could reach the age of one. Her name was Yve, and Deuhwa maliciously played the jester's trumpet to babble her name was a
remnant of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yve was rooted in my dark, unconscious thoughts from time to time, and it would seem to be eerie if I spouted that she communicated with her
son on several occasions. If I had these dizzy hallucinations and spooky nightmares, I couldn't be the only mere being who embraced the
abnormality of life. It was impossible! How could these imbeciles carry on with their robotic routines so oblivious to the corruption of their
heartbeat. I have witnessed a plethora of events, but those didn 't come to par with this childhood tale that now new mothers would hush in the
developing ears of the baby's womb. Because I have little time left in my heart capsule, I will be elated to share the story to foreigners, wanderers,
and mercenaries. May the rest of time be passed through the fable of Dear Oh Nwoye.
Nine surrounding towns inhabited the continent, and all the near peoples around the villages would come to Umuofia to bathe in the aura of a
beaming brute stood to its glorious subgroup's name. Everyone collectively praised and admired the strong, vain leader that went by the name
Okonkwo. Ever since Okonkwo was young, he was ashamed of his apathetic, lethargic, and gynic father, Unoka. The trashy image of Unoka thrusted
Okwonko's self through power and success. He wouldn't sheepishly be cowered into the horror of death like back then.
"Unoka!" The second wife hollered hysterically with Okonkwo pressed to her motherly chest. Cladded with sweat from head to toe,

Acetaminophen Is A Common Pain Reliever And Fever Reducer...
Acetaminophen is a common pain reliever and fever reducer used to treat conditions such as head, muscle or toothache, as well as colds, fevers, and
even arthritis. It is available in a many tablet form to be ingested. These tablets are manufactured by a large variety of pharmaceutical manufactures
including a great deal of generic brand companies. These tablets all have the same active ingredient in acetaminophen, yet each hold different inactive
ingredients that can impact the overall performance of the drug. These inactive ingredients affect the overall chemical stability of the tablets and can
lead to a faster decrease in potency of the acetaminophen tablet over time making the tablet less viable of an option to treat common aches and pains.
Storage outside the range of the recommended temperature could greatly increase this rate of degradation.
This is an important experiment for what it means to NASA and the International Space Station, as it will allow them to more accurately understand
whether acetaminophen is a viable drug that should be taken onto the International Space Station and on other missions, possibly missions related to
Mars, where conditions are not ideal. Additionally, this research would allow NASA to determine if it would be safe for their astronauts to take
acetaminophen past the expiration date or if the expiration date even matters, given the conditions that they were stored, and for how long. Also, it
would help NASA determine which brand they

Marketing Activities Of The Non Governmental Organisation
CHARITY NAME:ENABLE SCOTLAND
REGISTERED CHARITY NUMBER: SC009024
CHARITY TYPE:NON GOVERMENTAL ORGANISATION
This essay will firstly critically analyse the marketing activities of the non–governmental organisation ENABLE Scotland, which is Scotland's leading
charity for children and adults with learning disabilities (ENABLE Scotland, 2015). This will be achieved through the use of various business models
such as SWOT, PESTLE and STP. The information researched and discussed in depth in the first half of this essay will then be used to help develop a
one year marketing plan which will then aid the organisation in reaching its main goals and objectives. With around 120,000 people in Scotland
suffering with learning disabilities ENABLE Scotland strives to help and encourage every person to be able to have the choice to control and live the
life that they wish to. The charities vision and mission statements are listed below.
Vision Statement 'Every person who has a learning disability will have the choice and control to live the life they choose'
Mission Statement 'We will campaign with our members to improve the lives of people who live with learning disabilities. We will work with our
customers to create personalised services that reflect our values and enable customers to achieve their goals.' (ENABLE Scotland, 2015)
The charity has three main objectives which are to ensure that people who suffer from disability receive the same opportunities in life as

Making the Mortar and Pestle
Making the Mortar and Pestle For thousands of years, humans have been creating, designing, and using tools. In the beginning, these tools were
simplistic but effective, and made with natural materials such as wood, bone, and stone. From these materials, many different tools, such as hammers,
axes, cooking utensils, and many more. For my tool assignment, I decided to make a simple mortar and pestle out of stone. The reason for picking a
mortar and pestle is because it is a kitchen apparatus that I have always admired, using my mother's whenever given the chance throughout my
childhood. To begin the tool, I knew I needed to find suitable rocks for both the bowl and pestle. Finding the perfect rock for the bowl proved harder
than expected. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I did this inside the entire circle, until there was a perfectly visible indent where the bowl was going to be. I spent about four hours with the
sandstone chunk in my lap, and continued to hammer at the center of the bowl for depth, and using angled hits towards the center to shape the
sides. I did end up knapping at another stone to create a sharper hammer stone, so that I could alternate between the two. The pyramid stone was
good for breaking off bigger chunks, but the sharper stone was good for creating grooves inside the bowl, which is better for the intended purpose
of grinding. After the four hours of constant hacking and chopping, I had a bowl that was about one and half inches deep. Since I now had a
functional bowl, I picked one of my many river stones to be the pestle. I had originally thought of shaping my own pestle, but this one river stone
fit so nicely in the bowl and in my hand. I tested the mortar with the pestle using lavender and other plants to see how well it would grind. The
mortar and pestle ground material just as well as a store bought granite one. I had finished the bowl but since the chunk I had broken from the main
slab of sandstone was an awkward shape, I decided to start chipping the edges to create a nicer shape. This idea had good intentions but went horribly
wrong. While trying to shape the bowl by carefully chipping the edges using glancing blows, and then trying to

Nasi Kerabu Essay
'Chances are there are foods you love now that you hated as a kid.' (Rose, 2012). I remembered years ago when my mother first introduced me to
Nasi Kerabu and I looked at her in disbelief and asked, "Ma, are you sure this bright blue colored food is edible?" Nonetheless, who would have
thought that it will be one of my favorite foods now? Simply the smell from the combination of fresh herbs, spicy coconut gravy, coconut flake fish,
fish crackers and grilled chicken is enough to make me salivate. Nasi Kerabu is traditionally originated from Kelantan and the crowd pleasing meal
is regarded by the food aficionados as one of the Malaysia's finest cuisine. Nasi Kerabu may require back–breaking preparations and steps to prepare
the add–ons that complement the dish, but, the end–result is indeed well worth the effort. First of all, like any other recipe, you would want to make
sure that you have prepared all the ingredients required to cook Nasi Kerabu. For the rice, you will need to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After you have washed and drained the rice, soak it together with the blue pea flowers in a bowl containing lukewarm water for about 5 minutes to get
the blue extract. Before cooking the rice, remove the flowers and put in kaffir lime leaves and lemon grass together in the rice cooker. If using the blue
coloring, then, just add a few drops of it into the rice cooker along with the other ingredients. Subsequently, in order to cook the coconut gravy, you
must first blend garlic, chilies and shallots together. Next, heat up the pot and add in a little amount of oil to sautГ© the blended ingredients for 2 to 3
minutes. After that, put in the coconut milk, tamarind peels together with lemon grass and adjust the seasonings before bringing the gravy to a boil.
Let the sauce simmer gently until thickened while stirring it occasionally so that the gravy can cook thoroughly and avoid the ingredients from
scorching at the bottom of the

The Impact Of Employee Training On Employee Engagement
THE INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS OPERATING
IN MERU COUNTY,KENYA 1 Mutumbu. L, 2Dr. Guyo. H, 3Muketha. M 1Meru University of Science &Technology, PO Box, 972
–60200. Meru,
Kenya 2Meru University of Science & Technology, PO Box, 972–60200. Meru, Kenya 3Meru University of Science &Technology, PO Box,
972–60200. Meru, Kenya Corresponding author: Abstract Employee engagement is the level of commitment and involvement a worker has towards
their organization and its values. It is a win–win approach for employees and employers and an important factor for employee's positive contribution
towards organizational success. On the other hand, Nongovernmental organizations are growing at a high rate in Kenya and while research supporting
the possible importance of employee engagement is clear, research about how to create employee engagement is remarkably undeveloped in the
nongovernmental organizations sector. The study sought to explore the influence of employee training on employee engagement in NGO's operating
in Meru County, Kenya. Descriptive research design and purposive sampling technique was used. The study adopted structured close ended
questionnaires as research instrument and split halves reliability test technique was adopted and a score of 0.85 obtained. The target population was
employees in 26 NGO's operating in Meru County. The sample size was 172 drawn from 3 organizations the study registered a response rate

Taking a Closer Look at Non-Government Organizations
The Bridgespan Group, a non–profit consultancy, conducted a study on the potential of global NGOs.The study found that since 1990 NGOs
registered with USAID (United States Agency for International Development) had doubled to 579, and average annual funding has tripled to $50
million and in few cases the annual funding exceeds $1 billion (Queenan et al. 2). Increasingly, NGOs, or Non–Governmental Organizations, dominate
healthcare aid and interventions. Their overwhelming presence comes with equally charged influence over key societal issues such as dispersal of aid
and types of interventions. This has proven to be controversial as some view NGOs as facilitators of empowerment, change, and progress. Others view
them as promoting special agendas and interests, plagued with misinformed and poor policy making, and heavy reliance on funding. Aggregation of
these trends raises important questions about the efficiency of NGOs and their impact on the regions they serve. Critics charge that increasing
neo–liberal policies fragment healthcare alternatives in host countries; NGOs may not offer sustainable healthcare intervention programs; and that their
objectives and policies often work against the host populations, which reinforce inequalities.NGO is simply a non–government organization that is
traditionally non–profit. However, USAID and other governments do fund NGOs, and there are profit–based NGOs. This makes the term more
complex and creates confusion; thus, it is necessary

Han and Roman Views on Technology
"Han and Roman Views on Technology"
The Hans and Romans understood the importance of technology, but unlike the Hans, the Romans viewed anyone who worked with tools or with their
hands to be a person of lowly status. The Romans only showed appreciation for technologies that could hold some benefit for the upper–class. The
upper–class Romans thought that craftsmen, people who made a living out of making tools, was hardly an occupation that deserved any respect. The
Hans appreciated the use of tools in their labor and how it could help the people. The Hans showed a great appreciation of their technological
advancements, and its effect on society.
The Roman attitude toward technology was that any person who worked in workshops, devoting ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These tools are also sold at very high prices considering their low quality. The Han government has dominated the trade of iron, controlling the quality
of tools used by the people to do work, and the quality of tools the government uses to perform its public duties, such as repair work and the building
of public structures.
All the previous documents used above were all in the perspective of an upper–class citizen. An additional document that would have shown the
attitude of the lower–class citizens and the women's perspective of these technological achievements would have added authenticity to this argument. A
document from the perspective of an upper–class woman in Roman or Han society would show if new technologies affected their everyday work
/obligations, or if technologies were solely for the benefit of men. Another source that would have been helpful would be from a lower class woman
to show the similarities and differences of the work expected of lower class and upper–class women. Men were dominate in both Roman and Han
societies, but the attitude that the lower class men had of technology was excluded from the list of documents provided. The documents consisting of
the feelings of the upper class citizens in the Han and Roman society's states that people of the lower class used tools to perform their work, but it is
unknown how they personally felt about technology and its affect on them. From the information

Technology In The Han Dynasty And The Roman Empire
The Han dynasty and the Roman empire were two of the largest classical empires between 300 BCE to 300 CE and both experienced a period of
expansion. These empires developed technology to help with this expansion for military and practical purposes such as metallurgy and the water mills.
The Han dynasty used technology to prevent natural disasters, as well as make their tools more efficient, whereas the Romans took pride in their own
civilization's advancements, yet refused to appreciate the lower class artisans who crafted the tools and artistry.
The Han dynasty showed an appreciation for technology and utilized it to make their society run more efficiently; Chinese government ensured that
adequate technology was provided for the nobles and commoners alike, while the Roman government officials gave precedence to using technology
for infrastructure improvements and not necessarily towards welfare of the people. During the early 2nd century BCE, a Han government official
wrote to local officials on organizing his labor force (Document 1). Water conservation offices were requested to be placed in each of the districts and
staffed with people who were experienced with the water passage. The official focuses on ordering inspections throughout the empire, along with
supplying workers to tend to repairing duties. He showed concern for the common people and conveyed the idea that technology is an essential part of
the empire and the need for government intervention in order to

Case Study: Oxfam
Oxfam
Oxfam is an international union of 17 organizations operating in about 94 countries around the globe to discover solutions to poverty and what it
considers unfairness worldwide. In all Oxfam's actions, the final aim is to allow people to use their rights and control their own lives. Oxfam works
straight with communities and tries to persuade the powerful, to make sure that poor people can perk up their lives and livelihoods and have a say in
decisions that impact them. Each organization works jointly internationally to reach a larger effect via joint efforts. Oxfam was initially established at
17 Broad Street in Oxford, Oxfordshire, in 1942 as the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief by a group of Quakers, social activists, and Oxford
academics; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Committee had a meeting in the Old Library of University Church of St Mary the Virgin, Oxford, for the first time in 1942, and its intend was to
alleviate famine in Greece caused by Nazi Germany military occupation and Allied naval blockades. By 1960, it was a chief international
non–governmental aid organization. The name Oxfam comes from the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief, founded in Britain in 1942 and
registered in harmony with UK law in 1943. Oxfam International was created in 1995 by a group of sovereign non–governmental organizations. Their
objective was to work together for superior impact on the international stage to decrease poverty and unfairness. Stitching Oxfam International
registered as a non–profit foundation at The Hague, Netherlands. Oxfam's primary paid employee was Joe Mitty, who started working at the Oxfam
shop on Broad Street, Oxford on 9 November 1949. He managed the accounts and distribute donated clothing, he started the policy of selling anything
which people were eager to donate, and developed the shop into a national

Doctors Without Borders Research Paper
UN vs Doctors Without Borders Doctors without borders (founded on December 20th, 1971) and the UN (founded on October 24th, 1945) are both
popular NGO's, but which is better? The secretary–general of the UN is Antonio Guterres, former prime minister of Portugal. The prime minister of
Doctors without borders is Javid Abdelmoneim. NGO stands for non–governmental organization. An NGO is an organization that does specific things
to assist people in need without any aid from governments. Doctors without borders and the UN are just a couple of the millions of NGO's in the
world. There are many ways that the UN and DWB (Doctors without borders) are similar. DWB gives a lot of the money they make towards helping
people. To be exact, 89.6% of their ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, the UN helps almost every single country across the globe. 193 out of 195 countries in the world are part of the UN and get assistance from
them. Meanwhile, DWB still assists to a lot of countries, but not even close to the number that the UN works in. As of today, only 71 countries are
"eligible" to be worked in by DWB which is not even 50% of the worlds countries. The UN also has multiple goals they want to accomplish, either
short term or long term. Those goals include, maintaining worldwide peace and security, protecting human rights, deliver humanitarian aid, promote
sustainable development and uphold international law. Conversely, DWB only really has one thing they want to accomplish. It is to help people
recover from life threatening events or sicknesses. Even though the UN and DWB have around the same percentage of money going toward the
program, they have quite different amounts going to management and general overhead. 7.2% of the money that the UN receives goes to the
administrative. Unlike DWB which gives a mere 1.5% to the management. This is a good thing because it leaves more money for the program and
for fundraising. Another difference is who can work for the organization. To work for the UN, you need to believe in impartiality, neutrality,
independence and bearing witness. With DWB, you also need to be a skilled medic. This gives fewer people the opportunity to work for

A Long Way Gone Analysis
In Ishmael Beah's memoir, A Long Way Gone: Memoirs of a Boy Soldier, Beah encourages the opinion that everyone is responsible for his/her own
actions in all cases. Beah proves this opinion to be true through death, thievery, and violence.
Throughout the memoir there are many cases of death, some because of health reasons and others for intentional reasons. Through family, anger, and
survival of the fittest, Beah makes being responsible for someone else's death known. After Beah's long, treacherous journey and being separated
from his family, he eventually had the chance to be reunited with his family. "The path zigzagged up to the top, where when we finally made it,
everyone had to rest for a few minutes. I became angry that we had to rest, and I sat on a big rock away from the rest of the group" (93). Beah,
eager to see his family could no longer wait, progressed to the village only to hear the sounds of villagers shrieking and see the village burn to
ashes. The casualties in the village were caused by the rebels. The rebels were aware of their doings and knew what they did was wrong, but they
did not seem to care. Although they were following orders, they were still responsible for the passing of every person there. After Beah loses his
family he becomes angry with Gasemu and brutally attacks him and blames him for the death of his family. "If we hadn't stopped to rest on that hill,
if we hadn't run into Gasemu, I would have seen my family, I thought... I got up, walked behind Gasemu, and locked his neck under my arms... I fell
next to a pestle. I picked it up and hit Gasemu with it" (95–96). Along with a bloody nose, Gasemu had been shot by one of the rebels and later died.
"When we finally got to the wahlee, Gasemu's eyes were still open. Alhaji closed them. I sat by him. His blood was on my palm and my wrist. I
regretted hitting him with the pestle" (99). Although Ishmael was not the one who caused Gasemu to die, he still took responsibility for intentionally
hurting him with the pestle and making his nose bleed. After eluding death a numerous amount of times, Ishmael and his friends become soldiers.
They began training hard and acting like the other soldiers. The idea of killing any rebel was now locked in

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