Transport system in humans: the heart

1. TRANSPORT
SYSTEMS IN
HUMANS: THE
HEART
BY: MAPASEKA MOKWATLO

2. DOUBLE CIRCULATION
• The circulatory systems with two distinct circuits.
• The pumps of the two circuits serve different
tissues but are combined into a single organ, the
heart (Abdullah, 2014).
• The two circuits are called:
1. Pulmonary circuit
2. Systemic circuit

3. CONTINUED…
1. Pulmonary circuit
The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and
oxygenated blood back to the heart.
2. Systemic circuit
The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body cells and
the deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

4. BLOOD VESSELS
(Morales, 2014)
 Capillaries: blood vessels
that connect arteries and
veins – are structurally
suited to facilitate the
exchange of substances
between the blood in the
capillaries and the
interstitial tissue fluid

5. Arteries:
transports
oxygenated blood
except for the
pulmonary artery.
Main artery is
called the Aorta –
pumping
oxygenated blood
from heart to rest
of body

6. Veins : transports deoxygenated
blood except for the pulmonary
vein. Main vein is called the
vena cava – pumping
deoxygenated blood towards the
heart from the rest of the body

7. THE
INTERNAL
STRUCTURE:
HUMAN
HEART
by: (Shahariah,
2013)

8. THE HUMAN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM: HEART
AND ASSOCIATED VESSELS (Aadil, 2016)
⮚ Mammals have a four-chambered heart with two atria and
two ventricles
⮚ The left side of the heart pumps and receives only oxygen-
rich blood, while the right side receives and pumps only
oxygen-poor blood
⮚ The mammalian cardiovascular system meets the body’s
continuous demand for O2.
⮚ Blood begins its flow when deoxygenated blood flow from
the body into the right atrium

9. CONT…
⮚ Blood then flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle
through the tricuspid valve
⮚ The blood is then pumped into lungs, through the semilunar
valve via the pulmonary artery.
⮚ In the lungs, the blood loads O2 and unloads CO2.
⮚ Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs enters the heart via the
pulmonary vein at the left atrium
⮚ Blood then flows into the left ventricle through the bicuspid
valve.
⮚ This blood is then pumped through semilunar valve into the
aorta with takes blood to the entire body.

10. CONT…
Deoxygenated blood returns to the heart through the
superior vena cava (blood from head, neck, and forelimbs)
and inferior vena cava (blood from trunk and hind limbs)
⮚ The superior vena cava and inferior vena cava flow into the
right atrium.
⮚ The atrioventricular (AV) valves (tricuspid and bicuspid
valves) separate each atrium and ventricle
⮚ The semilunar valves control blood flow to the aorta and
the pulmonary artery.

11. THE MODEL
OF THE
HEART MADE
FROM
RECYCLABLE
MATERIALS.

12. DISEASES OF THE
HEART AND
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
❖ Cardiovascular diseases are
disorders of the heart and the
blood vessels
❖ One type of cardiovascular
disease, atherosclerosis, is
caused by the build-up of
plaque (fat) deposits within
arteries(D’cruz, 2014)

13. CONT…
❑ A heart attack is the death of cardiac muscle tissue resulting
from blockage of one or more coronary arteries
❑ A stroke is the death of nervous tissue in the brain, usually
resulting from rupture or blockage of arteries in the head.
❑ Hypertension, or high blood pressure, promotes
atherosclerosis and increases the risk of heart attack and
stroke.
❑ Hypertension can be reduced by dietary changes, exercise,
and/or medication

14. REFERENCE
 Aadil, M. (2016). Transport System Of Human Body. Available from SlideShare @:
http://www.slideshare.net/MohammadAadil4/transport-system-of-human-
body?from_m_app=android
 Abdullah, F. (2014). Transport System In Humans. Available from SlideShare @:
http://www.slideshare.net/fazzyabdullah/transport-system-in-humans?from_m_app=android
 D’cruz, D. (2014). Transport In Humans. Available from SlideShare @:
http://www.slideshare.net/dillondcruz3/transport-in-humans-40643280?from_m_app=android
 Morales, M. (2014). Lesson 3.1 The Transport System. Available from SlideShare @:
http://www.slideshare.net/MaiMorales/lesson-31-the-transport-system?from_m_app=android
 Shahariah, r. (2013). Blood Circulatory System. Available from SlideShare@:
http://www.slideshare.net/RajaShahariah/blood-circulatory-system-
heart?from_m_app=android