The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart is a muscular organ comprised of two pumps that circulate blood through the body. The heart has four chambers and valves that ensure blood flows in one direction. Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries and veins that transport blood throughout the body. The cardiovascular system works to transport oxygen, nutrients, waste and more while regulating fluids, temperature and other functions.

1. Cardiovascular System
Alpesh Jadhav

2. Primary Roles
• To transport nutrients and remove waste products while assisting
with maintaining the environment for all the body’s functions.
• plays key roles in the regulation of the body’s acid-base system, fluids,
and temperature, as well as a variety of other physiological functions.

3. PARTS
• Heart
Valves
Conduction System
• Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
• Blood

4. HEART

5. HEART
• A Muscular Organ comprised of Two Interconnected but Separate
Pumps; the Right side of the Heart pumps blood through the lungs,
and the left side pumps blood through the rest of the body.
• Each pump has two chambers:
 atrium
 ventricle

6. HEART
• The right and left atria deliver blood into the right and left ventricles.
• The right and left ventricles supply the main force for moving blood
through the pulmonary and peripheral circulations, respectively.

7. Valves
• The tricuspid valve and mitral (bicuspid) valve (collectively called
atrioventricular [AV] valves)
• Prevent the flow of blood from the ventricles back into the atria during
ventricular contraction (Systole).
• The aortic valve and pulmonary valve (collectively, the semilunar valves)
• prevent backflow from the aorta and pulmonary arteries into the ventricles
during ventricular relaxation (diastole)

8. Conduction System
• A specialized electrical conduction system
• controls the mechanical contraction of the heart.

9. Conduction System
The conduction system is composed of:
• sinoatrial (SA) node
• atrioventricular (AV) node
• atrioventricular (AV) bundle
• left and right bundle branches

10. °°Sinoatrial (SA) Node—the intrinsic pacemaker—
• where rhythmic electrical impulses are normally initiated
• °°Atrioventricular (AV) Node,
• where the impulse is delayed slightly before passing into
• the ventricles
• °°Atrioventricular (AV) Bundle,
• which conducts the impulse to the ventricles
• °°Left and Right Bundle Branches,
• which further divide into the Purkinje fibers and conduct impulses to
all parts of the ventricles.

11. Blood Vessels
• The central and peripheral circulation form a single closed-circuit
system with two components:
an arterial system, which carries blood away from the heart, and
a venous system, which returns blood toward the heart.

13. Arteries
• Rapidly transport blood pumped from the heart.
• Small branches of arteries called arterioles,
• act as control vessels through which blood enters the capillaries
• strong, muscular walls.

14. Capillaries
• Exchange oxygen, fluid, nutrients, electrolytes, hormones, and other
substances between the blood and the interstitial fluid in the various
tissues of the body
• very thin wall and are permeable to these substances.

15. Veins
• Venules collect blood from the capillaries and gradually converge
(meet) into the progressively larger veins, which transport blood back
to the heart.

16. Blood
• The transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissues for use in cellular
metabolism and the removal of carbon dioxide, the most abundant by-
product of metabolism, from the tissues to the lungs.
• The transport of oxygen is accomplished by hemoglobin, the iron-protein
molecule carried by the red blood cells.
• Hemoglobin: an acid–base buffer, a regulator of hydrogen ion
concentration, which is crucial to the rates of chemical reactions in cells.
• Red blood cells, the major component of blood

17. Thanks